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Data Security and Cryptographic Techniques – A Review

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From:Kefa Rabah

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Abstract Since almost the beginning of time, it seems, man has had a need to keep information private and, in many situations, needed to decipher information previously made private by others. In our age of high technology these needs have grown exponentially and become more complex. Today, computer technology is on the verge of providing the ability for individuals and groups to communicate and interact with each other in a totally anonymous manner. Two persons may exchange messages, conduct business, and negotiate electronic contracts without ever knowing the True Name, or legal identity, of the other. Interactions over networks will be untraceable, via extensive re-routing of encrypted packets and tamper-proof boxes which implement cryptographic protocols with nearly perfect assurance against any tampering. Reputations will be of central importance, far more important in dealings than even the credit ratings of today. These developments will alter completely the nature of government regulations: the ability to tax and control economic interactions, the ability to keep information secret, and will even alter the nature of trust and reputation. All this will depend on how secure data can be moved from point-to-point from LAN to Global network data exchange. It is recognized that encryption (otherwise known as scrambling, enciphering or privacy transformation) represents the only means of protecting such data during transmission and, a useful means of protecting the content of data stored on various media, provided encryption of adequate strength can be devised and validated and is inherently integrable into network system architecture.
Digital Library Management system

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From:Nazma Liaqat

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This document is related to digital library management system which contain almost all diagrams
Concrete Mix Design - DOC

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From:kanhaiya kanhaiya

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Concrete Mix Design Introduction The process of selecting suitable ingredients of concrete and determining their relative amounts with the objective of producing a concrete of the required, strength, durability, and workability as economically as possible, is termed the concrete mix design. The proportioning of ingredient of concrete is governed by the required performance of concrete in 2 states, namely the plastic and the hardened states. If the plastic concrete is not workable, it cannot be properly placed and compacted. The property of workability, therefore, becomes of vital importance. The compressive strength of hardened concrete which is generally considered to be an index of its other properties, depends upon many factors, e.g. quality and quantity of cement, water and aggregates; batching and mixing; placing, compaction and curing. The cost of concrete is made up of the cost of materials, plant and labour. The variations in the cost of materials arise from the fact that the cement is several times costly than the aggregate, thus the aim is to produce as lean a mix as possible. From technical point of view the rich mixes may lead to high shrinkage and cracking in the structural concrete, and to evolution of high heat of hydration in mass concrete which may cause cracking. The actual cost of concrete is related to the cost of materials required for producing a minimum mean strength called characteristic strength that is specified by the designer of the structure. This depends on the quality control measures, but there is no doubt that the quality control adds to the cost of concrete. The extent of quality control is often an economic compromise, and depends on the size and type of job. The cost of labour depends on the workability of mix, e.g., a concrete mix of inadequate workability may result in a high cost of labour to obtain a degree of compaction with available equipment. Requirements of concrete mix design The requirements which form the basis o
Importance of plants

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From:John Ambas

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importance of plants to animals and humans...
THERMO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS - PDF

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From:Rashid Nsaif

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The calculation of combustion gases physical properties, (density, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat) is the first step in calculating the amount of heat released from the combustion gases flow inside heat exchanger tubes. Least squares method (polynomial regression) was used in (Graphing Advantage Plus-Curve Fitting Program) in order to convert the gases physical properties tables data to equations that will be need in the program that build in Microsoft Excel 2003 to perform all the calculation and graphs.
Introduction to robotics-Basic line follower

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From:HARISH KUMAR

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An exclusive tutorial & presentation for Introduction to robotics-Here we start with "A simple line follower". A line follower is an autonomous robot that can follow a line on the arena. The line is usually black or white in color with a contrasting background......
THERMO PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS - PDF - PDF

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From:Rashid Nsaif

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The calculation of combustion gases physical properties, (density, dynamic viscosity, thermal conductivity, specific heat) is the first step in calculating the amount of heat released from the combustion gases flow inside heat exchanger tubes. Least squares method (polynomial regression) was used in (Graphing Advantage Plus-Curve Fitting Program) in order to convert the gases physical properties tables data to equations that will be need in the program that build in Microsoft Excel 2003 to perform all the calculation and graphs. The chemical composition of light oil is (C, S, H2 , O2 , N2). The complete combustion process produces a mixture of gases, (Carbon dioxide, Water vapor, Nitrogen, Sulfur dioxide). The weight percentage of these components depends on the weight percentage of the fuel chemical composition (Chattopadhyay, 1998).
SAP CONSULTING BUSINESS BUSINESS PLAN

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From:amos ipu

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SAP CONSULTING BUSINESS BUSINESS PLAN
Unix Commands Cheat Sheet

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From:Examville.com

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Unix Commands cheat sheet for programmers. More reference guides available at Examville.com
Oracle 11g SQL Fundamentals 1 Exam 1z0_051

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From:tech guide

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The 100% sure stuff, which helps to get certification in a first attempt.For more certification questions mail me.
Types of Chemical Bonds Worksheet

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From:Melissa Jenkins

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Tests student's knowledge of different types of chemical bonds such as ionic and covalent.
robot arm mimicking human hand

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From:Bhavesh Jain

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Robot mimicking is a convenient way to teach the robots the operations they are to perform. Instead of cumbersome programming a human may demonstrate the operation of a robot working in an assembly line, or a physically impaired person may direct a robot to accomplish movements he/she is unable to do such as lifting a heavy object. Also robots may be taught to perform actions such as playing musical instruments (e.g. drums). Another advantage, which may be obtained by robot mimicking, is the direct control of the teaching process. If the human, who is being mimicked, is observing the robot at the same time unwanted or dangerous situations may be avoided by actively changing the movements at that instance. Some of the robot mimicking research was based on mechanical devices such as data gloves, recent advancements in the capabilities of computers and new algorithms developed in the field of computer vision has made a true mimicking system possible, where robots mimic humans by observing them visually. That kind of mimicking is a more natural and humanoid way since human learning from early childhood begins with visually observing other humans and mimicking them. In this thesis, a system capable of visually observing a human’s arm movements and then a robot arm mimicking these movements is proposed.
Android Basics Material

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From:vamsi vuyyuru

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This material is used for learning basics of android application development
Method of Design of Flexible pavements

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From:kanhaiya kanhaiya

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Method of design of flexible pavements Overview Indian roads congress has specified the design procedures for flexible pavements based on CBR values. The Pavement designs given in the previous edition IRC: 37-1984 were applicable to design traffic up to only 30 million standard axles (msa). The earlier code is empirical in nature which has limitations regarding applicability and extrapolation. This guideline follows analytical designs and developed new set of designs up to 150 msa in IRC: 37-2001. Scope These guidelines will apply to design of flexible pavements for Expressway, National Highways, State Highways, Major District Roads, and other categories of roads. Flexible pavements are considered to include the pavements which have bituminous surfacing and granular base and sub-base courses conforming to IRC/ MOST standards. These guidelines apply to new pavements. Design criteria The flexible pavements has been modeled as a three layer structure and stresses and strains at critical locations have been computed using the linear elastic model. To give proper consideration to the aspects of performance, the following three types of pavement distress resulting from repeated (cyclic) application of traffic loads are considered: 1. Vertical compressive strain at the top of the sub-grade which can cause sub-grade deformation resulting in permanent deformation at the pavement surface. 2. Horizontal tensile strain or stress at the bottom of the bituminous layer which can cause fracture of the bituminous layer. 3. Pavement deformation within the bituminous layer. While the permanent deformation within the bituminous layer can be controlled by meeting the mix design requirements, thickness of granular and bituminous layers are selected using the analytical design approach so that strains at the critical points are within the allowable limits. For calculating tensile strains at the bottom of the bituminous layer, the stiffness of dense bituminous macada
Naming of Nonbinary Compounds worksheet

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From:Melissa Jenkins

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Tests student's knowledge of ionic compounds and their specific names.