FUNCTION GROUPS ALKANES & ALKYLS *Me-METHANE: CH4 METHYL: CH3 *Et-ETHANE: CH3CH3 ETHYL: CH3CH2 *Pr-& iPr-PROPANE: CH3CH2CH3 PROPYL: CH3CH2CH2 ISOPROPYL: CH3CHCH3 *Ph-BENZENE: RING PHENYL: BRANCHED BRING HALOALKANES = HALIDE (Grp VIIA = X) + ALKYL ( = R) Group VIIA: F, Cl, Br, I, At PRIMARY: R’—R—X SECONDARY: R’—R—R” | X TERTIARY: R”’ | R’—R—X | R” ALCOHOLS (R—OH) PRIMARY: R’—R—OH SECONDARY: R’—R—R” | OH TERTIARY: R”’ | R’—R—OH | R” ETHER R—O—R’ = CH3CH2OCH2CH3 = diethyl ether AMINE PRIMARY (CH4N): R’—NH2 SECONDARY (C2H7N): R—N—H | R’ TERTIARY (C3H9N): R—N—R’ | R” NITRILE (C2H3N) R—C≠N *CARBONYLS (presence of C=O) ALDEHYDE (C2H4O) KETONE (C3H6O) R—C—H R—C—R’ || || O O CARBOXYL (Carbonyl + Hydroxyl = C4H4O2) ESTER (C3H6O2) R—C—OH = CARBOXYLIC ACID R—C—O—R’ || || O O AMIDE PRIMARY (C2H5NO): R—C—NH2 || O SECONDARY (C3H7NO): R—C—N—R’ || | O H ***FOR INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY*** 3600 – 3200 cm-1 = broad spectrum = OH, NH (alcohol, amine, acid) ~1700 cm-1 = sharp spectrum = C=O (aldehyde, ketone, ester, acid)