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Document Sample
National Spatial Development Policy
Perspective (NSDP) Coordination and
Advisory Service
1
NATIONAL
SPATIAL
DEVELOPMENT
PERSPECTIVE
Structure of Presentation
1. Overview of NSDP
• Approach
• Purpose
• Principles
2. Reading of Provincial Economy in relation to the
National Economy
• People
• Economy
2
Background
A set of principles and mechanisms for guiding
infrastructure investment and development
decisions
A shared understanding of the national space
economy by describing the spatial manifestations of
the main social, economic and environmental trends
An interpretation of the spatial realities and the
implications for government intervention
3
Purpose of NSDP
‘… it will always be impossible for ‘…focus and decisiveness on the part
us to say that we have fully of government, the will to make
restored the dignity of all our trade-offs and make choices as well
people as long as the as strategies to inspire all of
overwhelming majority of our society…If decisive action is taken
people suffer under the burden on a number of focused area, the
of poverty and deprivation…’ confluence of possibilities is such
that the country would enter a road
President Thabo Mbeki
of faster economic growth… ‘
TYR
Poverty, inequality and deprivation are manifested in space. Successful
developmental states, e.g. China and South Korea illustrated the
enormous impact achieved by allocating resource and directing
investment in a coordinated and spatially-targeted way
This implies a greater appreciation of spatial challenges 4
Purpose of NSDP
Coordinate government action and
alignment
National spatial guidelines Provide a rigorous base for
are increasingly recognised as interpreting strategic direction
tools to:
Maximise overall social and
economic impact of government
development spending
Enables a shared understanding
NSDP is SA’s first set of
of the national space economy
national spatial guidelines, that
Provides a principle-base approach establishes an overarching
to coordinate and guide policy mechanism which:
implementation across government
5
Purpose of NSDP
Given our objective to grow the economy, create jobs, address poverty
and promote social cohesion, the NSDP assists government in
confronting three fundamental planning questions:
Where should What kinds of How can govt as a whole:
government spatial forms and
direct its arrangements − Capitalise on complementarities
investment are more and facilitate consistent
decision-making?
and conducive to the
achievement of
− Move beyond mere focusing on
development
integration and coordination
initiatives to our objectives of
procedures to establishing
ensure democratic nation processes and mechanisms that
sustainable and building and social would bring about strategic co-
maximum and economic ordination, interaction and
impact? inclusion? alignment?
6
Approach
International theory shows that spatial inequality is a product of growth
and the dynamic qualities of areas are developed historically and
culturally over a long period of time:
Production of GGP
Most countries US GGP 50% produced in 2% of space
have extreme
spatial inequalities EUs GGP 82% produced in 36% of space
Economic development
Convergence between
Southern Took 100 years to reach a similar
developed and
undeveloped regions US States level of economic development as
takes a long time the North
Regions and countries with unequal spatial economies converge
7
at about 2% a year (if at all)
Approach
The spatial concentration of growth in South Africa reveals:
South Africa is not unique…
Spatial configuration of SA is not only the product of growth but
also apartheid spatial planning – a disjuncture exist between
where people live and where economic opportunities exist
Apartheid spatial planning ensured that the mass of our people
were located far from social and economic opportunities
Spatial marginalisation from economic opportunities is still a
significant feature of our space economy that need to be addressed
in order to reduce poverty and inequality & ensure shared growth
8
Approach
International case studies and theory further shows…
Unfocused Unfocused human
infrastructure spending resource
doesn’t improve GDP development doesn’t
growth improve GDP growth
Regions which already Successful learning
have some economic
occurs when institutions
success are more likely to and incentives work and
grow than other regions – institutions are locally
this is because individuals, specific
firms, industries and
regions LEARN
Success achieved through focused and polarised investment
9
NATIONAL
SPATIAL
Approach DEVELOPMENT
PERSPECTIVE
The poor, concentrated around economic centres have
greater opportunity to gain from economic growth
Location is Areas with
critical for the demonstrated economic
poor to exploit potential provide
opportunities greater protection due
for growth to greater diversity of
NSDP income sources
Assumptions
Govt needs to Areas with
ensure that poor demonstrated
are able to benefit economic potential are
fully from growth most favourable for
and employment in overcoming poverty
these areas
The poor are making rational choices about 10
relocating to areas of opportunity
NSDP principles
The NSDP puts forward a set of normative principles in order to:
Contribute to the broader growth
and development policy
objectives of government
Surface the spatial dimensions
of social exclusion and
inequality
Lift the burden of unequal and inefficient
spatial arrangements placed on the state
e.g.:
− high transport subsidies)
− communities (especially the poor) who incur
huge transaction costs by having to
commute large distances to and from work
11
NSDP principles
Rapid economic growth that is sustained and
inclusive is a pre-requisite for the achievement
of other policy objectives, amongst which
poverty alleviation is key
Government has a constitutional obligation to
provide basic services to all citizens (e.g.
water, energy health and educational facilities)
wherever they reside
12
NSDP principles
Beyond the constitutional obligation identified in
Principle 2 above, Govt spending on fixed
investment, should be focused on localities
of economic growth and/or economic
potential in order to:
gear up private sector investment
stimulate sustainable economic activities
create long-term employment opportunities
13
NSDP principles
Efforts to address past and current social
inequalities should focus on people not
places
In localities where there are both high levels of
poverty and development potential, this could
include fixed capital investment beyond basic
services to exploit the potential of those localities
In localities with low development potential,
Govt spending should focus on providing social
transfers, human resource development and
labour market intelligence which would enable
people to become more mobile and migrate to
localities that are more likely to provide
sustainable employment or other economic
14
opportunities
NSDP principles
In order to overcome the spatial distortions of
Apartheid, future settlement and economic
development opportunities should be
channelled into activity corridors and nodes
that are adjacent to or link the main growth
centres
Infrastructure investment should primarily
support localities that will become major
growth nodes in South Africa and the
SADC region to create regional gateways
to the global economy
15
Applying the NSDP
Undertaking rigorous analysis of the
Applying and using space economy to identify areas of
the NSDP within economic significance & concentrations
the three spheres of poverty and relative & dynamic
of government (e.g. comparative advantage of localities
in PGDSs, IDPs,
Sector Plans) means
the following: Providing a common platform for
structured dialogue
Applying the NSDP will enable government to:
Focus investment Capitalise on Move beyond mere focusing
and development complementarities & on integration & coordination
interventions to facilitate consistent procedures towards strategic
ensure maximum and and focussed coordination, interaction and
sustainable impact decision-making alignment 16
