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The Real Threat
to Family Values
United for a Fair Economy Episcopal Network for
37 Temple Place · Second Floor Economic Justice
Boston, MA 02111 4800 Woodward Avenue
Phone: 617-423-2148 Detroit, MI 48201
Fax: 617-423-0191 Phone: 313-833-4413
E-mail: info@faireconomy.org Fax: 313-831-0259
Web: www.faireconomy.org Web: www.episcopalchurch.org/peace-justice/enej
Average Hours Worked Outside
the Home per Year, 1967-98
Stagnant wages and benefits are forcing many
employees to work longer hours to make ends meet.
1900 1878
1875
1850
1827
1825
1800 1783
1775
1703
1750
1725 1716
1700 1679
1675
$12.00
1967 1973 1979 1989 1995 2000
Source: Analysis of Census Bureau Current Population Survey data and Kevin Murphy and Finis Welch (1989) in
Mishel, Bernstein and Boushey, The State of Working America 2002-03 (ILR Press, 2002) p. 115.
1
Average Real Hourly Earnings for Production
and Non-Supervisory Workers, 1973-2001
Working families in the U.S. have fallen behind.
in 2001 dollars
$14.00 $13.92 $13.92
$13.80
$13.60
$13.40 $14.33
$13.20 $13.32
$13.00 $13.19
$12.80
$12.60
$12.40
$12.20
$12.00
1973 1979 1989 1995 2001
Note: Production and Non-supervisory workers account for about 80% of wage and salary employment.
Source: Mishel, Bernstein and Boushey, The State of Working America 2002-03 (ILR Press, 2002), p.121.
2
Pay for Full-Time, Part-Time and
Temporary Workers, 1994
Part-time and temporary workers earn less.
For every $1.00
a full-time.
permanent
worker earns ...
... a temporary
$1.00 worker earns
... and a
77¢
part-time
$0.75 worker earns
60¢
$0.50
$0.25
$0.00
Source: “The New Migrant Workers,” U.S. News and World Report, July 4, 1994, p.54.
3
Increase in Number of Total Employees
and Temporary Help Employees, 1990-98
120%
+ 119 %
100%
80%
60%
40%
20% + 15 %
0%
Total Temporary Help
Employees Employees
Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, Table 690, “Nonfarm Industries—Employees and Earnings:
1980 to 1998,” p. 438. Increase is for “Help Supply Services” category.
4
Percentage of Employees with Employer-
Provided Insurance Coverage, 1979-2000
by Income
Fewer employees have health insurance benefits.
100%
88% 84% 82%
79% Top
80% 20%
Middle
76% 20%
60% 69% 68%
64%
40%
41% Bottom
20%
29% 33%
20%
28%
0%
1979 1989 1995 2000
Source: Mishel, Bernstein and Boushey, The State of Working America 2002-03 (ILR Press, 2001), p.142.
Figures cover private sector wage and salary workers, age 18-64.
5
Percentage of Employees with Employer-
Provided Insurance Coverage, 1979-2000
by Race
A greater percentage of Latino employees lost
health insurance benefits than other groups.
80%
75% 72%
70% 66% 67%
64% White
65% 62%
60%
60% 57% Black
61% 53%
55%
50% 46%
45%
45% 42%
Latino
40%
1979 1989 1995 2000
Source: Mishel, Bernstein and Boushey, The State of Working America 2002-03 (ILR Press, 2002), p.142.
Figures cover private sector wage and salary workers, age 18-64.
6
Percentage of Employees with Employer-
Provided Pension Coverage, 1979-2000 by
Income
Fewer employees have pension insurance benefits.
100%
77%
80%
70% 72% 73%
Top
20%
60%
Middle
20%
53% 48% 54%
40% 46%
20%
Bottom
20% 20%
18%
0% 14% 14%
1979 1989 1995 2000
Source: Mishel, Bernstein and Boushey, The State of Working America 2000-01 (ILR Press, 2002), p.142.
Figures cover employees, age 18-64 who worked at least 20 hours per week and at least 26 weeks per year.
7
Percentage of Employees with Employer-
Provided Pension Coverage, 1979-2000
by Race
The percentage of Latino employees with pension
benefits has dropped by 10% since 1979.
55%
55% 53% White
49%
50% 47%
46%
45% 43% 43%
41% Black
40% 38%
35%
27% 29%
30%
25% Latino
25%
20%
1979 1989 1995 2000
Source: Mishel, Bernstein and Boushey, The State of Working America 2002-03 (ILR Press, 2002), p.142.
Figures cover private sector wage and salary workers, age 18-64.
8
College Costs and Government
Support, 1976-94
Since 1976, college costs have more than doubled
but government support has barely budged.
1976 = 100
250
200
Cost per student
150
100
Government support
per student
50
0
1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994
Source: Housing Vacancies and Homeownership Annual Statistics: 2000, U.S. Bureau of the Census. (www.census.gov/
hhes/www/housin/hvs/annual00/ann00t15.html).
9
U.S. Savings Rate, 1982-2000
Rising health care, education, and child care costs — not
frivoulous spending — are putting the squeeze on families.
10.9
11%
10%
9%
8.7
8%
8.2
7% 7.8
6%
6.1
5%
3.7
4%
3%
2%
1%
–0.1
0%
$12.00
1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000
Source: www.bea.doc.gov/bea/glance.htm. “BEA’s Overview of the Economy”, May 25, 2001.
10
Household Debt as a Percentage of Annual
Disposable Personal Income, 1949-2001
To make ends meet, families go deeper into debt.
120%
109%
10% 94%
86%
80% 73%
69%
60% 67%
40%
33%
20%
1949 1967 1973 1979 1989 1995 2001
Source: Analysis of Federal Reserve Board (2001a) and Economagic (2002), in Mishel, Bernstein and Boushey, The
State of Working America 2002-03 (ILR, 2002), p.296.
11
The Cost of Our
Consumer Identity
12
▲
We spend 6
9 3 hours a week
shopping ...
▼
6
12
... and 40
▼
minutes a week
9 3 playing with our
children
▲
6
Source: “Affluenza”, aired on PBS, Monday, Sept. 15, 1997.
12
A True Pro-Family Agenda
★ Lift the floor for lower income families
• Higher mimimum wage
• Adequate income so families can save
• Greater access to homeownership
• Individual Development Accounts
• Protect Social Security
• Extend Family & Medical Leave benefits
★ Level the Playing Field for Everyone
• Equal access to education and training
• Fair tax es that treat income from investments
and work the same
• Labor and consumer participation in Federal
Reserve Board decision-making
• Fair trade policies that benefit wage-ear ners,
consumers, communities, and the environment,
as well as investors
13
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