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G-1 APPENDIX G - DATA ON FAMILIES TABLE G-1--SELECTED INDICATORS OF THE STATUS OF CHILDREN, SELECTED YEARS Pregnancy Outcomes Births Induced abortions Estimated Miscarriages Pregnancies Source: Ventura, et al (2003). Teen Pregnancy Rate (Rates per 1,000 women age 15-19) 1990 1993 1996 1999 59.9 59.0 53.5 48.8 40.3 33.9 28.6 24.7 16.1 16.3 14.9 13.2 116.3 109.2 97.0 86.7 International Infant Mortality Rates Country 1980 1990 1995 1999 Japan 7.5 4.6 4.3 3.4 U.S. (white) 10.9 7.6 6.3 5.8 Canada 10.4 6.8 6.0 5.3 England/Wales 12.1 7.9 6.2 5.8 U.S. (total) 12.6 9.2 7.6 7.1 Hungary 23.2 14.8 10.7 8.4 U.S. (black) 22.2 18.0 15.1 14.6 Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003b). Living Arrangements of Children Under 18 Group 1970 1980 1990 2002 Total children under 18 69,162,000 63,427,000 64,137,000 72,321,000 Living with one parent 8,199,000 12,466,000 15,867,000 19,770,000 Percent of all children 11.9 19.7 24.7 27.3 Living with never married parent 557,000 1,820,000 4,853,000 8,111,000 Percent of all children 0.8 2.9 7.6 11.2 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). Children Below Poverty (numbers in thousands/rate per 1,000) 1980 1990 2002 Ethnic Group 1974 Total 10,156 (15.4) 11,543 13,431 (20.6) 12,133 Black 3,755 (39.8) 3,961 4,550 (44.8) 3,645 (32.3) White 6,223 (11.2) 7,181 8,232 (15.9) 7,549 (13.6) NA 1,749 2,865 (38.4) 3,782 (28.6) Hispanic1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). Educational Achievement High school dropouts (percentage of status 1985 1990 1995 2000 dropouts age 16-24) Total 12.6 12.1 12.0 10.9 White, non-Hispanic 10.4 9.0 8.6 6.9 Black, non-Hispanic 15.2 13.2 12.1 13.1 27.6 32.4 30.0 27.8 Hispanic1 Average verbal SAT score 509 500 504 505 Average SAT math score 500 501 506 514 Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2001). 1 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. NA – Not available. G-2 TABLE G-2--TOTAL NUMBER AND RATES OF MARRIAGES AND DIVORCES, SELECTED YEARS, 1950-2002 Year Number (thousands) Marriages Divorces Rate1 Marriages Divorces 2.6 2.2 3.5 5.2 4.7 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.2 4.0 4.0 1950 1,667 385 11.1 1960 1,523 393 8.5 1970 2,159 708 10.6 1980 2,390 1,189 10.6 1990 2,443 1,182 9.8 1995 2,336 1,169 8.9 1996 2,344 1,150 8.8 1997 2,384 1,163 8.9 19982 2,256 1,135 8.3 2,358 NA 8.6 19992 2,329 NA 8.5 20002 20012 2,327 NA 8.4 2,254 NA 7.8 20023 1 Per 1,000 population. 2 Divorce rate excludes CA, CO, IN, and LA; population excludes these States. 3 Provisional data. NA - Not available. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2002); National Center for Health Statistics (2003a). TABLE G-3--PERCENT NEVER MARRIED BY AGE AND SEX, SELECTED YEARS 1960-2002 Age and Year sex 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1998 Women: 20-24 28.4 35.8 50.2 62.8 66.7 70.3 25-29 10.5 10.5 20.9 31.1 35.3 38.6 30-34 6.9 6.2 9.5 16.4 19.0 21.6 Men: 20-24 53.1 54.7 68.8 79.3 80.7 83.4 25-29 20.8 19.1 33.1 45.0 51.0 51.0 30-34 11.9 9.4 15.9 27.0 28.2 29.2 Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2002); U.S. Census Bureau (2003a). 2000 72.8 38.9 21.9 83.7 51.7 30.0 2002 74.0 40.4 23.0 85.4 53.7 34.0 G-3 TABLE G-4--NUMBER AND RATE OF BIRTHS TO UNMARRIED WOMEN, BY AGE AND RACE OF MOTHER, 1980, 1993, 1997, 1999, AND 2001 Year 1980 Under 15 15-19 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40 + 2 Total3 1993 Under 15 15-19 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40 + 2 Total 3 1997 Under 15 15-19 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40 + 2 Total 3 1999 Under 15 15-19 15-17 18-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40 + 2 Total 3 8,737 374,485 143,391 231,094 476,497 246,873 124,894 62,637 14,437 1,308,560 4,457 245,467 92,953 152,514 303,489 156,933 79,427 40,308 9,471 839,552 3,958 115,739 45,151 70,588 155,600 78,984 39,643 19,362 4,190 417,476 NA 39.7 25.0 62.4 70.7 56.8 38.1 19.0 4.6 43.3 NA 33.2 20.7 52.8 60.2 50.8 34.9 17.3 4.1 37.4 NA 76.5 50.1 115.3 126.8 85.6 49.0 24.2 5.8 69.7 9,685 376,117 156,253 219,864 438,632 234,762 124,831 59,870 13,547 1,257,444 4,631 240,353 98,021 142,332 276,764 147,318 77,543 37,878 8,715 793,202 4,682 122,986 52,722 70,264 145,647 76,977 41,520 19,223 4,019 415,476 NA 41.4 27.7 63.9 68.9 53.4 37.9 18.7 4.6 42.9 NA 33.6 22.0 52.8 57.9 47.0 33.6 16.6 3.9 36.3 NA 84.5 59.2 124.5 124.2 81.4 51.0 24.3 6.5 71.6 11,467 357,432 152,212 205,220 438,538 233,776 132,263 55,570 11,126 1,240,172 4,868 213,080 87,032 126,048 283,538 139,905 79,136 34,283 7,319 742,129 6,293 133,031 60,412 72,619 159,598 84,604 47,330 18,526 3,094 452,476 NA 44.0 30.3 66.1 68.3 55.9 38.0 18.9 4.4 44.8 NA 33.3 21.9 51.9 53.8 46.0 31.9 16.3 3.9 35.6 NA 101.2 76.0 139.7 139.9 92.8 56.7 25.7 5.8 83.0 9,024 262,777 121,900 140,877 237,265 99,583 40,984 13,187 2,927 665,747 3,166 130,417 58,705 71,712 118,445 46,772 21,325 7,298 1,611 328,984 5,961 126,278 60,548 65,728 114,538 47,594 18,160 5,338 1,202 318,799 NA 27.6 20.6 39.0 40.9 34.0 21.1 9.7 2.6 29.4 NA 18.5 12.0 24.1 25.1 21.5 14.1 7.1 1.8 18.1 NA 87.9 68.8 118.2 112.3 81.4 46.7 19.0 5.5 81.1 Age of mother Number of Births White All Races 1 Black Rate per 1,000 unmarried women All Races 1 White Black G-4 TABLE G-4--NUMBER AND RATE OF BIRTHS TO UNMARRIED WOMEN, BY AGE AND RACE OF MOTHER, 1980, 1993, 1997, 1999, AND 2001-continued Year 2001 Under 15 7,494 3,833 3,440 NA NA 15-19 352,026 232,945 106,005 37.0 31.3 15-17 127,638 82,713 40,238 22.0 18.1 18-19 224,388 150,232 65,767 60.6 52.1 20-24 514,959 335,051 160,840 71.2 61.7 25-29 257,702 166,999 79,107 59.5 54.6 30-34 135,040 87,461 40,831 40.4 37.2 35-39 65,257 42,346 19,622 20.4 18.6 40 + 2 16,771 11,213 4,688 5.3 4.9 1,349,249 879,848 414,533 43.8 38.5 Total 3 1 Includes races other than black, white, and Asian or Pacific Islander. 2 Rates computed by relating total births to unmarried women aged 40 years and over to unmarried women aged 40-44 years. 3 Age of mother Number of Births White Black All Races 1 Rate per 1,000 unmarried women All Races 1 White Black NA 69.9 43.8 110.2 122.8 84.1 51.2 25.4 6.3 68.2 Rates computed by relating total births to unmarried women, regardless of age of mother, to unmarried women aged 15-44 years. Source: Martin et al. (2002); Hamilton et al. (2003b); Ventura et al. (2001). TABLE G-5--TWO- AND ONE-PARENT FAMILIES AS PROPORTIONS OF ALL FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN PRESENT BY RACE, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2000 Family Type 1970 Two-parent family groups One-parent family groups Maintained by mother Never married Spouse absent Separated Divorced Widowed Maintained by father Total families with children under age 18 25,823 3,808 3,415 248 1,377 962 1,109 682 393 29,631 Year (all races) 1992 1996 24,880 10,499 9,028 3,284 1,947 1,658 3,349 448 1,472 35,379 25,361 11,717 9,855 3,721 2,067 1,718 3,660 406 1,862 2000 25,771 11,724 9,680 4,181 1,716 N/A 3,392 391 2,044 Year (white) 1970 1992 1996 Numbers in thousands 23,477 21,909 22,178 2,638 6,938 7,769 2,330 5,753 6,329 73 1,391 1,712 796 1,341 1,377 1,168 1,146 1,168 930 2,692 2,957 531 328 283 307 1,186 1,440 29,947 2000 22,241 7,838 6,216 2,039 1,146 N/A 2,748 283 1,622 30,079 73.9 26.1 20.7 6.8 3.8 N/A 9.1 0.9 5.4 100.0 1970 2,071 1,148 1,063 173 570 479 172 148 85 3,219 64.3 35.7 33.0 5.4 17.7 14.9 5.3 4.6 2.6 100.0 Year (black) 1996 1992 1,948 3,216 2,994 1,799 548 482 550 97 222 5,164 37.7 62.3 58.0 34.8 10.6 9.3 10.7 1.9 4.3 100.0 1,942 3,493 3,171 1,884 620 503 581 87 322 5,434 35.7 64.3 58.4 34.7 11.4 9.3 10.7 1.6 5.9 100.0 2000 2,135 3,397 3,061 1,984 474 NA 524 79 336 5,532 38.6 61.4 55.3 35.9 8.6 N/A 9.5 1.4 6.1 100.0 G-5 37,077 37,495 26,115 28,847 Percent Distribution Two-parent family groups 87.1 70.3 68.4 68.7 89.9 75.9 74.1 One-parent family groups 12.9 29.7 31.6 31.3 10.1 24.1 25.9 Maintained by mother 11.5 25.5 26.6 25.8 8.9 19.9 21.1 Never married 0.8 9.3 10.0 11.2 0.3 4.8 5.7 Spouse absent 4.6 5.5 5.6 4.6 3.0 4.6 4.6 Separated 3.2 4.7 4.6 N/A 1.8 4.0 3.9 Divorced 3.7 9.5 9.9 9.0 3.6 9.3 9.9 Widowed 2.3 1.3 1.1 1.0 2.0 1.1 0.9 Maintained by father 1.3 4.2 5.0 5.5 1.2 4.1 4.8 Total families with children under age 18 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Source: Table prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau. See prior Green Books for additional years’ data. G-6 TABLE G-6--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2002 Living arrangements of children and marital status of parent Living with: Two Parents One Parent Mother Only Father Only Other relatives or nonrelatives only Total children Living with: Two parents One parent Mother only Father only Other relatives or nonrelatives only 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 Numbers in thousands 58,939 48,624 46,503 48,276 49,795 8,200 12,466 15,867 18,938 19,220 7,452 11,406 13,874 16,477 16,162 748 1,060 1,993 2,461 3,058 49,666 19,770 16,473 3,297 2002 2,023 2,337 1,767 3,040 2,997 2,885 69,162 63,427 64,137 70,254 70,012 73,321 85.2 11.9 10.8 1.1 76.7 19.7 18.0 1.7 Percent distribution 72.5 68.7 71.1 24.7 27.0 27.4 21.6 23.5 23.1 3.1 3.5 4.4 67.7 27.0 22.5 4.5 2.9 3.7 2.8 4.3 4.3 3.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Total percent Note-Numbers may not sum to totals due to rounding. Excludes persons under 18 years old who maintain households or family groups. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). TABLE G-7--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS LIVING WITH ONE PARENT, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2002 Living arrangements of children and marital status of parent Never Married Married, spouse absent Widowed Divorced Total 1970 1980 1990 1996 2001 2002 Numbers in thousands 557 3,521 1,649 2,473 8,199 1,820 3,898 1,469 5,281 12,466 4,853 7,202 3,767 4,453 1,125 782 6,122 7,315 15,867 19,752 Percent distribution 30.6 23.7 7.1 38.6 100.0 36.5 22.5 4.0 37.0 100.0 7,840 3,631 822 6,957 19,250 40.7 18.9 4.3 36.2 100.0 8,111 3,869 857 6,932 19,770 41.0 19.6 4.3 35.1 100.0 Never Married 6.8 14.6 Married, spouse absent 42.9 31.3 Widowed 20.1 11.8 Divorced 30.2 42.4 Percent 100.0 100.0 Note - Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). G-7 TABLE G-8--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF WHITE CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2002 Family Type Two parents One parent Mother only Father only Other relatives Nonrelatives Total Two parents One parent Mother only Father only Other relatives Nonrelatives Parent Marital Status Never Married Married, spouse absent Separated Widowed Divorced Total Parent Marital Status Never Married Married, spouse absent Separated Widowed Divorced 2.6 35.7 21.7 22.7 39.1 7.0 28.4 23.0 12.7 52.0 19.2 23.9 20.1 7.8 49.1 25.1 23.6 19.6 4.2 47.0 30.7 19.6 15.3 4.5 45.2 30.9 21.0 16.1 4.8 43.4 131 1,822 1,111 1,160 1,997 5,110 552 2,243 1,817 1,000 4,106 7,901 1,894 2,356 1,982 774 4,847 9,869 3,101 2,915 2,423 518 5,801 12,335 3,760 2,405 1,871 556 5,542 12,263 3,889 2,643 2,026 603 5,465 12,600 1970 52,624 5,110 4,581 528 695 362 58,791 89.5 8.7 7.8 0.9 1.2 0.6 1980 43,200 7,901 7,059 842 887 254 52,242 82.7 15.1 13.5 1.6 1.7 0.5 1990 40,593 9,869 8,321 1,549 708 220 51,390 79.0 19.2 16.2 3.0 1.4 0.4 1996 41,609 12,335 10,239 2,096 1,176 594 55,714 74.7 22.1 18.4 3.8 2.1 1.1 2001 42,188 12,263 9,826 2,437 1,166 519 56,135 75.2 21.8 17.5 4.3 2.1 0.9 2002 41,944 12,600 10,052 2,548 1,171 561 56,276 74.5 22.4 17.9 4.5 2.1 1.0 All children (numbers in thousands) All children (percent) Children in single-parent families (numbers in thousands) Children in single-parent families (percent) Note- Detail may not sum due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b) . G-8 TABLE G-9--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF BLACK CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2002 Family Type Two parents One parent Mother only Father only Other relatives Nonrelatives Total Two parents One parent Mother only Father only Other relatives Nonrelatives 1970 1980 1990 1996 All children (numbers in thousands) 5,508 3,956 3,781 3,816 2,995 4,297 5,484 6,560 2,783 4,117 5,132 6,056 213 180 353 504 822 999 655 883 97 123 98 175 9,422 9,375 10,018 11,434 All children (percent) 2001 4,356 6,115 5,573 542 892 216 11,578 37.6 52.8 48.1 4.7 7.7 1.9 2002 4,481 6,210 5,605 605 779 176 11,646 38.5 53.3 48.1 5.2 6.7 1.5 58.5 42.2 37.7 33.4 31.8 45.8 54.8 57.4 29.5 44.0 51.2 53.0 2.3 1.9 3.5 4.4 8.7 10.7 6.5 7.7 1.0 1.3 1.0 1.5 Children in single-parent families (numbers in thousands) Parent Marital Status Never Married 423 1,235 2,839 3,792 Married, spouse absent 1,651 1,573 1,251 1,372 Separated 1,343 1,463 1,125 1,073 Widowed 482 411 278 199 Divorced 438 1,078 1,117 1,197 Total 2,995 4,297 5,484 6,560 Children in single-parent families (percent) Parent Marital Status Never Married 14.1 28.7 51.8 57.8 Married, spouse absent 55.1 36.6 22.8 20.9 Separated 44.8 34.0 20.5 16.4 Widowed 16.1 9.6 5.1 3.0 Divorced 14.6 25.1 20.4 18.2 Note: Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). 3,772 1,038 753 204 1,101 6,115 3,911 989 740 178 1,132 6,210 61.7 17.0 12.3 3.3 18.0 63.0 15.9 11.9 2.9 18.2 G-9 TABLE G-10--LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF HISPANIC CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2002 1970 1980 1990 1996 2001 All children (numbers in thousands) Two parents 3,111 4,116 4,789 6,381 8,111 One parent NA 1,152 2,154 3,321 3,625 Mother only NA 1,069 1,943 2,937 3,055 Father only NA 83 211 384 570 Other relatives NA 183 177 411 505 Nonrelatives NA 8 54 138 205 Total 4,006 5,459 7,174 10,251 12,446 All children (percent) Two parents 77.7 75.4 66.8 62.2 65.2 One parent NA 21.1 30.0 32.4 29.1 Mother only NA 19.6 27.1 28.7 24.5 Father only NA 1.5 2.9 3.7 4.6 Other relatives NA 3.4 2.5 4.0 4.1 Nonrelatives NA 0.1 0.8 1.3 1.6 Children in single-parent families (numbers in thousands) Parent Marital Status Never Married NA 228 703 1,336 1,725 Married, spouse absent NA 468 728 990 885 Separated NA 400 577 786 642 Widowed NA 103 149 114 157 Divorced NA 353 574 881 860 Total NA 1,152 2,154 3,321 3,627 Children in single-parent families (percent) Parent Marital Status Never Married NA 19.8 32.6 40.2 47.6 Married, spouse absent NA 40.6 33.8 29.8 24.4 Separated NA 34.7 26.8 23.7 17.7 Widowed NA 8.9 6.9 3.4 4.3 Divorced NA 30.6 26.6 26.5 23.7 NA - Not available. Note- Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). Family Type 2002 8,338 3,853 3,212 641 453 173 12,817 65.1 30.1 25.1 5.0 3.5 1.3 1,775 1,033 760 148 897 3,853 46.1 26.8 19.7 3.8 23.3 G-10 TABLE G-11—LIVING ARRANGEMENTS OF CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE BY RACE, MARCH 2002 Living arrangements All races White Black Hispanic origin1 8,338 3,212 641 626 12,817 65.1 25.1 5.0 4.9 100.0 Numbers in thousands Living with both parents Living with mother only Living with father only Living with neither parent Total 49,666 16,473 3,297 2,885 72,321 41,944 4,481 10,052 5,605 2,548 605 1,732 956 56,276 11,646 Percent distribution 74.5 38.5 17.9 48.1 4.5 5.2 3.1 8.2 100.0 100.0 Living with both parents 68.7 Living with mother only 22.8 Living with father only 4.6 Living with neither parent 4.0 Total 100.0 1 People of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Note – Detail may not sum to total due to rounding. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003a). G-11 TABLE G-12--PERSONS LIVING IN MOTHER-ONLY FAMILIES BY MOTHER'S MARITAL STATUS, FAMILY LIVING ARRANGEMENT, AND FAMILY POVERTY STATUS, 20021 [In thousands] Family living arrangement Family type defined by Total mother's marital status Independent Extended Cohabiting 2 Unrelated families Number of persons Never married 12,087 7,364 2,487 1,503 732 Separated/other 4,232 3,214 565 245 208 Divorced 10,045 7,466 911 877 791 Widowed 1,217 909 163 32 113 Total 28,959 19,911 4,429 2,702 1,917 Number of poor persons Never married 5,212 3,673 554 751 235 Separated/other 1,767 1,368 159 115 125 Divorced 2,313 1,654 153 283 224 Widowed 348 237 44 17 49 Total 10,199 7,368 999 1,180 651 Poverty rate (percent poor) Never married 43.1 49.9 22.3 49.9 32.1 Separated/other 41.8 42.6 28.2 47.0 60.0 Divorced 23.0 22.2 16.7 32.2 28.3 Widowed 28.6 26.1 27.1 NA 43.8 Total 35.2 37.0 22.6 43.7 34.0 Number of families Never married 4,416 2,497 1,074 596 250 Separated/other 1,811 1,289 322 101 98 Divorced 3,504 2,539 357 341 266 Widowed 416 301 67 12 35 Total 10,146 6,627 1,819 1,050 649 1 The CPS defines families on the basis of marital and blood relations, and treats families as a basic economic unit in its measures of family poverty and income. Under such definitions, an unmarried, cohabiting, couple would be viewed as two distinct economic units; either as two unrelated individuals, if no child dependents were involved, or as one or two single-parent families, if one or both members of the couple had children residing in the household. Cohabiting couples are identifiable on the CPS only by inference. The Census Bureau identifies such families as unmarried couple households--a household with only two adults who are unrelated and of the opposite sex (one of whom is the householder) with or without the presence of children under the age of 15. The CPS assigns a residing child to only one of the two adult members of the unmarried couple, even though the child may be the couple's offspring. 2 Single female-headed families (either primary or unrelated subfamilies) with children, living in a household with either an unrelated single adult male, or with an unrelated family headed by a single adult male. Note: Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Numbers are estimates subject to sampling error. Caution should be exercised in interpreting differences based on small cell sizes. Marital status and family living arrangements are for the family head, as of March 2003. Poverty status is based on family income in the prior year (2002). NA -- Not available. Source: Table prepared by Congressional Research Service (CRS), based on analysis of the March 2002 Current Population Survey (CPS) microdata files. TABLE G-13-- BIRTHS AND FERTILITY RATES, BY RACE OF MOTHER, SELECTED YEARS 1950-2001 [Fertility rates are births per 1,000 women aged 15-44] Year 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 All Births1 3,632,0003 4,257,850 3 Number of births American White Black Indian2 3,108,000 NA NA 3,600,744 3,091,264 2,936,351 3,290,273 3,241,273 3,201,678 3,149,833 3,121,004 3,098,885 3,093,057 3,072,640 3,118,727 3,132,501 3,194,005 602,264 572,362 568,080 684,336 682,602 673,633 658,875 636,391 603,139 594,781 599,913 609,902 605,970 622,598 21,114 25,864 29,389 39,051 38,841 39,453 38,732 37,740 37,728 37,880 38,572 40,272 40,170 41,668 Asian/Pacific Islander NA NA NA 74,335 141,635 145,372 150,250 152,800 157,632 160,287 165,776 169,769 172,652 180,776 200,543 200,279 All Births 106.2 118.0 87.9 68.4 70.9 69.3 68.4 67.0 65.9 64.6 64.1 63.6 64.3 64.4 65.9 65.3 1 White 102.3 113.2 84.1 65.6 68.3 66.7 66.1 64.9 64.2 63.6 63.3 62.8 63.6 64.0 65.3 65.0 Fertility rate American Asian/Pacific Black Islander Indian2 NA NA NA 153.5 115.4 84.7 86.8 84.8 82.4 79.6 75.9 71.0 69.2 69.0 69.4 68.5 70.0 67.6 NA NA 82.7 76.2 73.9 73.1 69.7 65.8 63.0 61.8 60.8 61.3 59.0 58.7 58.1 NA NA 73.2 69.6 67.1 66.1 64.3 63.9 62.6 62.3 61.3 60.1 60.9 65.8 64.2 3,731,3863 3,612,258 4,158,212 4,110,907 4,065,014 4,000,240 3,952,767 3,889,589 3,891,494 3,880,894 3,941,553 3,959,417 4,058,814 G-12 2001 4,025,933 3,177,626 606,156 41,872 1 For 1950-91 includes births to races not shown separately. 2 3 Includes births to Aleuts and Eskimos. Data are by race of child; see source below for more information. NA - Not available. Source: Ventura et al. (2000a); Hamilton et al. (2003b). G-13 TABLE G-14--NUMBERS AND RATES OF BIRTHS, ABORTIONS, AND PREGNANCIES, BY AGE AT PREGNANCY OUTCOME1, SELECTED YEARS 1976-1999 Total Number (in thousands) Rate per 1,000 females Age group and Female Induced Fetal Pregnancies Birth Abortion Pregnancy Births year Population l abortions Losses1 Age 15-19 1976 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Age 10-14 1976 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 Age 15-17 1976 1980 1985 1990 1991 10,582 10,143 9,174 8,709 8,407 8,389 8,496 8,689 8,929 9,193 9,425 9,641 9,762 9,837 8,926 8,339 8,322 8,659 8,897 9,129 9,266 9,366 9,477 9,557 9,667 9,856 6,319 6,100 5,410 4,890 4,882 559 552 467 522 520 505 501 505 500 492 483 485 476 12 10 10 12 12 12 13 13 12 11 10 9 9 215 198 168 183 188 363 445 399 351 314 295 288 275 263 263 256 249 241 16 15 17 13 12 13 12 12 11 10 10 9 9 153 183 166 130 118 151 149 114 140 141 138 139 141 140 137 134 133 129 4 3 3 5 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 4 4 70 65 51 79 82 1,072 1,146 981 1,013 975 939 927 922 903 892 873 867 846 32 29 30 29 29 30 30 30 28 26 24 23 21 439 446 385 393 388 52.8 53.0 51.0 59.9 61.8 60.3 59.0 58.2 56.0 53.5 51.3 50.3 48.8 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 0.9 34.1 32.5 31.0 37.5 38.6 34.3 42.7 43.5 40.3 37.4 35.2 33.9 31.6 29.4 28.6 27.1 25.8 24.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 24.2 30.1 30.6 26.5 24.2 101.3 110.0 106.9 116.3 116.0 112.0 109.2 106.1 101.1 97.0 92.6 89.9 86.7 3.2 3.2 3.6 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.0 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.2 69.4 73.2 71.1 80.3 79.5 G-14 TABLE G-14--NUMBERS AND RATES OF BIRTHS, ABORTIONS, AND PREGNANCIES, BY AGE AT PREGNANCY OUTCOME1, SELECTED YEARS 1976-1999, continued 1992 4,993 188 114 82 384 37.6 22.9 76.8 1993 5,086 191 113 83 387 37.5 22.2 76.0 1994 5,249 195 110 86 391 37.2 21.0 74.5 1995 5,424 193 106 85 383 35.5 19.5 70.7 1996 5,582 186 104 82 372 33.3 18.6 66.6 1997 5,732 180 98 80 358 31.4 17.2 62.5 1998 5,790 173 95 77 345 29.9 16.4 59.6 1999 5,811 164 88 73 325 28.2 15.2 55.9 Age 18-19 1976 4,263 343 210 82 635 80.5 49.3 148.9 1980 4,313 354 261 84 699 82.1 60.6 162.2 1985 3,765 300 234 63 596 79.6 62.0 158.3 1990 3,819 338 221 61 620 88.6 57.9 162.4 1991 3,526 331 196 59 587 94.0 55.7 166.5 1992 3,395 318 181 57 556 93.6 53.3 163.7 1993 3,410 311 175 56 541 91.1 51.2 158.6 1994 3,440 310 165 56 531 90.2 47.8 154.2 1995 3,505 307 157 55 520 87.7 44.8 148.2 1996 3,611 306 159 55 520 84.7 44.0 144.0 1997 3,693 303 157 54 515 82.1 42.6 139.4 1998 3,851 312 154 56 522 80.9 40.0 135.4 1999 3,951 312 153 56 521 79.1 38.6 131.9 1 Spontaneous fetal losses from recognized pregnancies of all gestational periods as reported by women in the 1982, 1988, and 1995 National Survey of Family Growth conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics. The rate of pregnancy loss depends on the degree to which losses at very early gestations are detected. NA -- Not available. Source: Ventura et al. (2000b); Ventura et al. (2003). G-15 TABLE G-15 -- NUMBER OF BIRTHS AND BIRTH RATES FOR WOMEN AND AGES 15-19 BY RACE OF CHILD AND RACE OF MOTHER,1 SELECTED YEARS, 1950-2002 Number of Births Year 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 20023 1 2 3 Birth rate2 All women 15-19 White Black NA NA 156.1 144.6 140.7 111.8 97.8 95.4 112.8 114.8 111.3 107.3 102.9 94.4 89.6 86.3 83.5 79.1 77.4 71.8 66.2 70 79.1 79.4 60.6 57.4 46.4 45.4 43.3 50.8 52.6 51.4 50.6 50.5 49.5 47.5 45.5 44.9 44.0 43.2 41.2 39.4 NA NA NA NA 29.2 28.0 25.5 24.4 29.5 30.6 29.9 30.1 30.4 29.7 28 26.6 25.6 24.5 23.3 21.4 20.5 15-17 White Black NA NA NA NA 101.4 85.6 72.5 69.3 82.3 83.6 80.6 78.9 75.2 68.6 63.4 59.4 55.5 50.7 49 43.9 39.7 NA NA NA NA 101.5 74 73.2 70.4 78 83.2 83.1 81.3 81 80 77.4 74.8 73.9 72.8 72.3 70.8 68 18-19 White Black NA NA NA NA 204.9 152.4 135.1 132.4 152.9 157.6 156.2 149.9 145.8 134.6 130.1 127.4 124.3 120.1 118.8 114 107.1 White 318,522 372,678 458,130 443,754 463,608 410,129 393,564 324,590 354,482 352,359 342,739 341,817 348,081 349,635 344,685 338,272 340,694 337,388 333,013 318,563 305,749 Black 98,100 108,375 118,044 141,026 171,826 161,044 147,378 130,857 151,613 150,956 146,800 143,153 140,968 133,694 130,596 128,539 126,937 121,166 118,954 110,843 103,221 Births are tabulated by race of child through 1975, and by race of mother for 1980-2002. Births per 1,000 women in specified group. Preliminary data. NA -- Not available. Source: Hamilton et al (2003a); Hamilton et al (2003b); Martin et al (2002); U.S. Census Bureau (2002). G-16 TABLE G-16-- BIRTH RATES FOR UNMARRIED WOMEN AGES 15-17 AND 18-19 BY RACE AND HISPANIC ORIGIN1, 1990-2001 Year 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 [Births per 1,000 unmarried women in specified group] Black 2 Hispanic 3 White 2 15-17 20.4 21.7 21.5 21.9 23.9 23.3 22.3 22.0 21.5 20.7 19.7 18-19 44.9 49.4 51.1 51.9 55.7 54.6 53.4 52.8 53.0 52.8 53.1 15-17 78.8 79.9 77.3 76.0 74.0 67.5 62.8 59.2 55.2 50.1 48.3 18-19 143.7 147.6 146.2 139.7 139.2 128.7 126.8 124.5 121.0 115.3 115.0 15-17 45.9 49.5 49.2 49.5 55.5 52.5 49.6 50.5 49.7 48.6 47.0 18-19 98.9 107.4 106.6 109.1 116.0 109.6 102.7 100.9 101.4 100.1 102.2 2001 18.1 52.1 43.8 110.2 44.2 104.3 1 Race of mother. 2 Race and Hispanic origin reported separately on birth certificates. Data for persons of Hispanic origin also are in data for each race group. 3 Includes all persons of Hispanic origin of any race. Source: Hamilton et al. (2003b). G-17 TABLE G-17 -- BIRTH RATES PER 1,000 WOMEN AGED 15-19 YEARS, BY STATE, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2001 State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio 1970 1 89.2 87.3 76.7 90.8 65.0 64.3 42.5 72.1 109.5 85.0 97.6 59.7 64.5 65.8 73.4 51.5 61.4 85.9 85.4 65.4 67.6 37.8 66.1 41.8 102.0 70.9 57.8 51.5 89.7 55.3 47.6 77.3 48.6 86.2 43.1 63.3 1980 68.3 64.4 65.5 74.5 53.3 49.9 30.5 51.2 62.4 58.5 71.9 50.7 59.5 55.8 57.5 43.0 56.8 72.3 76.0 47.4 43.4 28.1 45.0 35.4 83.7 57.8 48.5 45.1 58.5 33.6 35.2 71.8 34.8 57.5 41.7 52.5 1990 71.0 65.3 75.5 80.1 70.6 54.5 38.8 54.5 93.1 69.1 75.5 61.2 50.6 62.9 58.6 40.5 56.1 67.6 74.2 43.0 53.2 35.1 59.0 36.3 81.0 62.8 48.4 42.3 73.3 33.0 40.5 78.2 43.6 67.6 35.4 57.9 1995 68.5 54.5 73.5 71.9 66.8 52.3 38.6 54.6 85.2 60.2 69.8 48.8 48.7 58.4 56.6 38.3 52.0 62.3 69.9 33.9 47.2 33.3 49.1 32.5 79.2 55.1 42.4 37.8 73.4 30.3 37.7 74.0 42.2 63.0 32.9 53.4 2000 60.7 49.0 67.9 66.2 47.0 51.3 31.1 48.0 53.2 51.1 62.8 46.1 42.9 48.0 49.1 34.2 46.1 55.1 62.1 29.2 41.3 25.9 40.2 30.1 70.1 48.7 36.7 37.7 63.0 23.3 31.8 65.6 33.2 58.6 27.3 46.0 2001 56.5 41.0 64.3 62.3 44.1 47.3 28.2 47.4 63.6 47.7 60.0 42.1 41.0 45.8 46.8 33.5 44.3 51.9 58.6 27.3 37.5 24.9 38.3 28.4 66.8 46.4 36.0 36.8 56.4 21.1 28.9 63.2 32.2 55.0 27.2 42.8 G-18 TABLE G-17 -- BIRTH RATES PER 1,000 WOMEN AGED 15-19 YEARS, BY STATE, ELECTED YEARS 1970-2001-continued State Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming United States 1 1970 1 81.1 56.1 51.7 44.5 88.9 49.8 87.4 84.3 54.0 53.4 72.4 58.0 71.9 43.6 69.1 66.3 1980 74.6 50.9 40.5 33.0 64.8 52.6 64.1 74.3 65.2 39.5 48.3 46.7 67.8 39.5 78.7 53.0 1990 66.8 54.6 44.9 43.9 71.3 46.8 72.3 75.3 48.5 34.0 52.9 53.1 57.3 42.6 56.3 59.9 1995 63.7 50.1 40.9 39.8 62.8 40.9 66.6 75.6 40.9 28.1 48.4 48.0 52.7 37.9 47.9 56.0 2000 59.7 42.8 34.0 33.6 58.0 38.1 59.5 68.9 38.3 23.4 40.9 39.2 46.5 35.2 41.7 47.7 2001 58.3 40.3 33.0 36.0 56.5 38.2 57.1 66.0 38.3 23.9 39.8 35.6 45.6 34.1 39.0 45.3 Birth rates for 1970 are the average for the years 1969-71. Source: Hamilton et al. (2003b); Spratley (1977); Taffel (1984). G-19 TABLE G-18—BIRTH RATES FOR WOMEN AGED 15-19 YEARS, BY STATE, SELECTED YEARS 1990 - 2001 [Births per 1,000 women] State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California. Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire 1990 71.0 65.3 75.5 80.1 70.6 54.5 38.8 54.5 93.1 69.1 75.5 61.2 50.6 62.9 58.6 40.5 56.1 67.6 74.2 43.0 53.2 35.1 59.0 36.3 81.0 62.8 48.4 42.3 73.3 33.0 1993 69.2 59.7 78.1 72.8 71.8 55.8 38.8 58.0 112.8 63.7 72.0 53.7 50.3 62.0 57.9 40.7 55.5 63.7 75.9 37.1 49.7 37.2 53.1 35.0 82.2 59.4 46.1 40.5 73.2 30.5 1996 67.1 50.8 71.5 73.5 61.0 50.7 36.6 53.8 79.2 57.2 66.8 48.9 46.9 55.3 55.1 37.4 49.4 61.2 66.8 31.7 45.7 31.1 46.4 32.3 74.0 53.2 39.3 38.9 69.5 28.2 1999 60.9 47.7 68.0 66.1 49.1 50.0 32.7 50.7 56.0 51.7 63.5 45.0 43.5 49.7 50.5 35.4 48.1 56.4 63.0 30.2 42.2 27.4 41.4 30.3 70.9 49.4 36.0 37.5 63.9 23.8 2000 60.7 49.0 67.9 66.2 47.0 51.3 31.1 48.0 53.2 51.1 62.8 46.1 42.9 48.0 49.1 34.2 46.1 55.1 62.1 29.2 41.3 25.9 40.2 30.1 70.1 48.7 36.7 37.7 63.0 23.3 2001 56.5 41.0 64.3 62.3 44.1 47.3 28.2 47.4 63.6 47.7 60.0 42.1 41.0 45.8 46.8 33.5 44.3 51.9 58.6 27.3 37.5 24.9 38.3 28.4 66.8 46.4 36.0 36.8 56.4 21.1 G-20 TABLE G-18—BIRTH RATES FOR WOMEN AGED 15-19 YEARS, BY STATE, SELECTED YEARS 1990 – 2001-continued [Births per 1,000 women] State New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total 1990 40.5 78.2 43.6 67.6 35.4 57.9 66.8 54.6 44.9 43.9 71.3 46.8 72.3 75.3 48.5 34.0 52.9 53.1 57.3 42.6 56.3 59.9 1993 37.9 80.6 44.6 66.1 36.3 56.7 68.3 50.8 43.7 47.6 64.7 44.4 69.2 77.7 43.4 34.8 49.6 50.5 55.6 41.0 49.9 59.0 1996 35.2 70.5 39.9 62.3 31.6 50.4 63.1 50.5 38.4 38.9 60.2 40.1 64.5 73.1 41.2 29.5 45.4 45.6 50.5 36.9 44.7 53.5 1999 32.8 66.8 34.7 58.0 27.0 46.5 60.1 46.1 35.1 33.5 58.5 38.5 60.8 69.6 38.8 25.0 42.6 41.0 48.5 36.3 41.4 48.8 2000 31.8 65.6 33.2 58.6 27.3 46.0 59.7 42.8 34.0 33.6 58.0 38.1 59.5 68.9 38.3 23.4 40.9 39.2 46.5 35.2 41.7 47.7 2001 28.9 63.2 32.2 55.0 27.2 42.8 58.3 40.3 33.0 36.0 56.5 38.2 57.1 66.0 38.3 23.9 39.8 35.6 45.6 34.1 39.0 45.3 Source: Hamilton, et al (2003b) G-21 TABLE G-19--PERCENTAGE OF BABIES BORN TO WOMEN RECEIVING EARLY CARE, OR LATE OR NO CARE, BY RACE OF CHILD AND RACE OF MOTHER, SELECTED YEARS 1970-2001 Year 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Percent born to women beginning care in first trimester Total2 White Black Hispanic1 72.3 75.8 79.2 79.3 79.2 83.6 84.0 84.7 84.8 85.1 85.0 44.2 55.5 62.4 61.5 60.6 70.4 71.4 72.3 73.3 74.1 74.3 NA NA 60.2 61.2 60.2 70.8 72.2 73.7 74.3 74.4 74.4 68.0 72.4 76.3 76.2 75.8 81.3 81.9 82.5 82.8 83.2 83.2 Percent born to women beginning care in third trimester or having no care White Black Hispanic1 Total2 6.3 5.0 4.3 4.8 4.9 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.3 16.6 10.5 8.9 10.2 11.3 7.6 7.3 7.3 7.0 6.6 6.7 NA NA 12.0 12.4 12.0 7.4 6.7 6.2 6.3 6.3 6.3 7.9 6.0 5.1 5.7 6.1 4.2 4.0 3.9 3.9 3.8 3.9 2001 85.2 74.5 75.7 83.4 3.2 6.5 5.9 3.7 1 Prior to 1993, data from States lacking an Hispanic-origin item on the birth certificate were 2 Includes races other than white, black, and Hispanic. NA -- Not available. Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003b). G-22 TABLE G-20—ABORTIONS PER 1,000 WOMEN BY STATE OF OCCURRENCE, SELECTED YEARS 1991-2000 State Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California. Colorado Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York 1991 15 12 18 12 49 14 24 34 1 1993 15 12 16 11 45 12 22 31 1 1995 15 14 13 9 40 14 16 26 1 1997 13 12 11 11 38 10 19 30 68 27 20 18 3 19 10 16 20 8 12 9 8 20 13 13 7 9 15 14 19 8 17 14 35 1999 14 NA 11 11 NA 6 19 30 59 28 18 18 3 17 9 10 22 6 12 9 9 19 12 14 6 7 14 13 15 NA 20 14 34 2000 14 NA 9 10 NA 4 18 29 46 27 17 16 3 17 9 9 21 5 11 9 10 19 12 13 6 7 13 11 14 NA 18 14 31 25 23 22 7 17 10 11 13 11 12 13 16 25 16 16 14 13 18 17 25 14 21 16 37 24 22 22 6 21 9 10 20 10 12 12 16 25 16 14 10 11 15 15 23 11 20 15 38 26 20 21 4 20 9 10 19 8 11 10 14 21 14 13 6 9 14 13 21 10 19 13 34 G-23 TABLE G-20—ABORTIONS PER 1,000 WOMEN BY STATE OF OCCURRENCE, SELECTED YEARS 1991-2000-continued State North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming Total NA – Not available. 1 More than 100 abortions per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years. Over 50 percent of abortions obtained by out-of-State residents. 1991 23 12 16 15 21 19 31 15 7 17 22 10 22 21 26 4 14 3 24 1993 22 10 16 14 19 18 29 14 7 15 21 9 19 18 23 6 13 2 22 1995 20 10 15 11 20 15 26 12 7 15 20 8 16 15 20 7 11 2 20 1997 19 9 15 9 21 14 25 11 6 15 19 7 15 16 21 7 11 2 20 1999 19 10 15 NA 20 14 23 9 5 14 18 7 13 17 20 7 10 1 17 2000 17 10 16 10 20 14 23 9 6 14 16 7 14 18 20 7 10 NA 16 Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2002, and 2003). G-24 TABLE G-21--INFANT, NEONATAL, AND POSTNEONATAL MORTALITY RATES, BY RACE,1 SELECTED YEARS 1950-2000 Year Infant mortality rate:2 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1997 1999 2000 Neonatal mortality rate:3 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1997 1999 2000 Postneonatal mortality rate:4 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1997 1999 2000 [Mortality rates per 1,000 live births] All races White 29.2 26.0 20.0 12.6 9.2 7.6 7.2 7.1 6.9 20.5 18.7 15.1 8.5 5.8 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.6 8.7 7.3 4.9 4.1 3.4 2.7 2.5 2.3 2.3 26.8 22.9 17.8 10.9 7.6 6.3 6.0 5.8 5.7 19.4 17.2 13.8 7.4 4.8 4.1 4.0 3.9 3.8 7.4 5.7 4.0 3.5 2.8 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.9 Black 43.9 44.3 32.6 22.2 18.0 15.1 14.2 14.6 14.1 27.8 27.8 22.8 14.6 11.6 9.8 9.4 9.8 9.4 16.1 16.5 9.9 7.6 6.4 5.3 4.8 4.8 4.7 1 As of 1989, race for live births (denominator of infant mortality rates) is tabulated according to race of mother. For all prior years, race is tabulated according to race of child. Deaths before age of one. Deaths under 28 days. 4 Deaths from 28 days to 11 months. Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003a). 3 2 TABLE G-22--ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) CASES, ACCORDING TO AGE AT DIAGNOSIS, SEX, DETAILED RACE, AND HISPANIC ORIGIN, SELECTED YEARS 1985-2002 Age at diagnosis, sex, race, and Hispanic origin All males, 13 years and older4 Race and Hispanic Origin White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic5 Age 13-19 years 20-29 years 30-39 years 40-49 years 50-59 years 60 years and older All females, 13 years and older4 Race and Hispanic Origin White, non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic Hispanic5 Age 13-19 years All years1 Percent Number distribution2 100.0 47.7 35.4 15.6 0.4 15.4 44.7 27.8 8.7 3.0 100.0 22.0 61.2 15.9 1.4 676,609 322,920 239,650 105,628 2,632 104,174 302,420 188,299 58,745 20,339 145,696 32,000 89,130 23,145 1,995 Number, by year of report 1985 7,504 4,746 1,710 992 27 1,501 3,588 1,634 597 157 524 143 280 98 5 1990 Male 36,179 20,825 10,239 4,743 107 6,921 16,668 8,828 2,645 1,010 Female 4,544 1,228 2,557 726 67 1995 56,689 26,028 20,833 9,111 223 8,387 25,684 16,151 4,692 1,552 12,978 3,042 7,586 2,236 157 1999 34,013 12,691 14,830 6,043 131 3,972 14,410 10,836 3,479 1,185 10,312 1,896 6,711 1,599 166 2000 30,135 11,314 13,082 5,275 145 3,327 12,543 9,648 3,387 1,085 9,958 1,859 6,489 1,462 170 2001 30,663 11,054 13,764 5,318 184 3,291 12,082 10,261 3,633 1,212 10,617 1,993 6,963 1,543 171 2002 31,644 11,221 14,310 5,543 199 3,433 12,101 10,658 3,959 1,294 10,951 1,930 7,339 1,561 203 Cases per 100,000 population in 20023 28.0 13.9 111.9 39.3 G-25 1.4 17.5 56.2 49.5 24.9 6.5 9.2 2.3 50.0 11.8 1.5 TABLE G-22--ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROME (AIDS) CASES, ACCORDING TO AGE AT DIAGNOSIS, SEX, DETAILED RACE, AND HISPANIC ORIGIN, SELECTED YEARS 1985-2002-continued Age at diagnosis, sex, race, and Hispanic origin 20-29 years 30-39 years 40-49 years 50-59 years 60 years and older All years1 Percent distribution2 20.6 43.6 24.1 7.0 3.3 Number, by year of report All years1 29,996 63,504 35,168 10,243 4,790 1985 178 232 45 26 38 1990 1,117 2,087 780 274 219 Children 725 157 390 169 298 427 41,448 1995 2,676 5,934 3,059 818 334 745 117 483 135 258 487 70,412 1999 1,886 4,234 2,789 916 321 255 30 171 49 87 168 44,580 2000 1,750 3,973 2,857 867 341 189 32 122 30 61 128 40,282 2001 1,717 4,145 3,147 999 438 170 30 111 26 47 123 41,450 2002 1,819 3,991 3,377 1,150 411 150 23 99 24 46 104 42,745 Cases per 100,000 population in 20023 9.6 18.7 15.3 6.9 1.5 0.3 0.1 1.2 0.2 1.1 0.2 15.0 All children, under 13 years4 100.0 8,807 131 Race and Hispanic Origin White, non-Hispanic 18.2 1,601 26 Black, non-Hispanic 61.6 5,422 87 19.1 1,685 18 Hispanic5 Age Under 1 year 36.9 3,249 54 1-12 years 63.1 5,558 77 All races 831,112 8,159 1 Includes cases prior to 1985 and through December 31, 2002. 2 Percents may not sum to 100 percent due to rounding. 3 Computed using estimates of July 1, 2001 U.S. resident population. 4 Includes races other than white, black, and Hispanic. 5 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003b). G-26 G-27 TABLE G-23--TOBACCO, ALCOHOL, AND DRUG USE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS BY SUBSTANCE AND FREQUENCY OF USE, SELECTED YEARS 1975-2002 1975 Cigarettes Alcohol1 Any illicit drug Any illicit drug other than marijuana2 Selected illicit drugs Cocaine Heroin LSD Marijuana/hashish MDMA (Ecstasy) PCP 73.6 90.4 55.2 36.2 9.0 2.2 11.3 47.3 NA NA 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 57.2 78.4 53.0 29.5 7.8 1.7 8.4 47.8 10.5 3.1 Percentage reporting having ever used drugs 71.0 68.8 64.4 64.2 62.5 61.0 93.2 92.2 89.5 80.7 80.3 79.7 65.4 60.6 47.9 48.4 54.0 53.9 38.7 15.7 1.1 9.3 60.3 NA 9.6 39.7 17.3 1.2 7.5 54.2 NA 4.9 29.4 9.4 1.3 8.7 40.7 NA 2.8 28.1 6.0 1.6 11.7 41.7 NA 2.7 29.0 8.6 2.4 11.1 48.8 11.0 3.4 30.7 8.2 1.8 10.9 49.0 11.7 3.5 Percentage reporting use of drugs in the previous 30 days Cigarettes 36.7 30.5 30.1 29.4 33.5 31.4 29.5 26.7 Alcohol1 68.2 72.0 65.9 57.1 51.3 50.0 49.8 48.6 Any illicit drug 30.7 37.2 29.7 17.2 23.8 24.9 25.7 25.4 Any illicit drug other than marijuana2 15.4 18.4 14.9 8.0 10.0 10.4 11.0 11.3 Selected illicit drugs Cocaine 1.9 5.2 6.7 1.9 1.8 2.1 2.1 2.3 Heroin 0.4 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.7 0.4 0.5 LSD 2.3 2.3 1.6 1.9 4.0 1.6 2.3 0.7 Marijuana/hashish 27.1 33.7 25.7 14.0 21.2 21.6 22.4 21.5 MDMA (Ecstasy) NA NA NA NA NA 3.6 2.8 2.4 PCP NA 1.4 1.6 0.4 0.6 0.9 0.5 0.4 1 In 1993, the question text was changed slightly in three of six forms to indicate that a "drink" meant "more than a few sips." Data for years after 1993 are based on all six forms which include this change. 2 Other illicit drugs include hallucinogens, crack, other cocaine, heroin, or any use of other narcotics, amphetamines, sedatives, or tranquilizers not prescribed by a doctor. In 2001, the question text was changed on half of the questionnaire forms. "Other psychedelics" was changed to "other hallucinogens" and "shrooms" was added to the list of examples. For the tranquilizer list of examples, Miltown was replaced with Xanax. The 2001 data are based on the changed forms only. The 2002 data are based on all forms. NA -- Not available. Source: Johnson et al. (2003). G-28 TABLE G-24--DEATH RATES PER 100,000 POPULATION BY SEX, RACE, AND AGE FOR PERSONS UNDER 25, SELECTED YEARS 1950-2000 Sex, race, and age All races: Under 1 year 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years White males: Under 1 year 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years Black males: Under 1 year 1-4 years 1 1950 3,299.2 139.4 60.1 128.1 3,400.5 135.5 67.2 152.4 NA 1,412.6 95.1 289.7 2,566.8 112.2 45.1 71.5 NA 1,139.3 72.8 213.1 1970 2,142.4 84.5 41.3 127.7 2,113.2 83.6 48.0 170.8 4,298.9 150.5 67.1 320.6 1,614.6 66.1 29.9 61.6 3,368.8 129.4 43.8 111.9 1990 971.9 46.8 24.0 99.2 896.1 45.9 26.4 131.3 2,112.4 85.8 41.2 252.2 690.0 36.1 17.9 45.9 1,735.5 67.6 27.5 68.7 1995 780.3 40.4 22.2 93.4 720.7 39.0 24.3 120.1 1,664.7 73.1 38.5 246.6 574.4 31.3 16.5 43.7 1,399.9 59.5 25.4 68.9 1999 736.0 34.2 18.6 79.3 667.0 33.9 19.7 102.8 1,592.8 59.0 32.0 184.6 542.0 27.5 14.6 41.5 1,317.4 46.1 20.9 58.6 2000 736.7 32.4 18.0 79.9 667.6 32.6 19.8 105.8 1,567.6 54.5 28.2 181.4 550.5 25.5 14.1 41.1 1,279.8 45.3 20.0 58.3 5-14 years 15-24 years White females: Under 1 year 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years Black females: Under 1 year 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years 1 In 1950 rate is for the age group under 5 years. NA -- Not available. Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003b). G-29 TABLE G-25--DEATH RATES PER 100,000 BY MOTOR VEHICLE ACCIDENT BY SEX, RACE, AND AGE FOR PERSONS UNDER AGE 25, SELECTED YEARS 1950-2000 1950 Age: Under 1 year 1-4 years 5-14 years 15-24 years Race and Sex (15-24 years): White male Black male White female Black female 58.3 42.5 12.6 11.6 62.7 46.4 15.6 9.9 75.2 58.1 22.7 13.4 73.8 34.9 23.0 8.0 52.5 36.1 19.5 9.9 37.8 30.5 17.1 11.8 39.6 30.2 17.1 11.7 8.4 11.5 8.8 34.4 8.1 10.0 7.9 38.0 9.8 11.5 10.2 47.2 7.0 9.2 7.9 44.8 4.9 6.3 5.9 34.1 4.8 4.2 4.3 26.2 4.4 4.2 4.3 26.9 1960 1970 1980 1990 1999 2000 Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003b). TABLE G-26--DEATH RATES PER 100,000 FOR HOMICIDE ACCORDING TO SEX, RACE, AND AGE IN THE UNITED STATES, SELECTED YEARS 1950-2000 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 Age: 5-14 years 15-24 years Race and sex (15-24 years): White male Black male White female Black female 3.2 53.8 1.3 16.5 5.0 43.2 1.5 11.9 7.6 98.3 2.7 17.7 15.1 4.7 18.4 15.2 4.0 18.9 15.9 4.0 16.4 10.3 3.0 11.2 9.9 85.3 2.7 10.7 82.6 137.1 129.4 84.7 0.5 5.8 0.5 5.6 0.9 11.3 1.2 15.4 1.5 19.7 1.5 19.6 1.1 12.9 0.9 12.6 1995 1999 2000 Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003b). G-30 TABLE G-27--DEATH RATES PER 100,000 BY SUICIDE BY SEX, RACE, AND AGE IN THE UNITED STATES, SELECTED YEARS 1950-2000 1950 Age: 5-14 years 15-24 years Race and sex (15-24 years): White male Black male White female Black female NA -- Not available. Source: National Center for Health Statistics (2003b). 6.6 4.9 2.7 1.8 8.6 4.1 2.3 NA 13.9 10.5 4.2 3.8 21.4 12.3 4.6 2.3 23.2 15.1 4.2 2.3 23.1 17.8 3.8 2.2 17.5 14.3 3.2 1.9 17.9 14.2 3.1 2.2 0.2 4.5 0.3 5.2 0.3 8.8 0.4 12.3 0.8 13.2 0.9 13.0 0.6 10.1 0.7 10.2 1960 1970 1980 1990 1995 1999 2000 TABLE G-28--MEAN SAT SCORES FOR COLLEGE-BOUND SENIORS, SELECTED YEARS 1975-2003 Verbal Year 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Males 515 506 514 505 505 507 507 509 509 507 509 507 Females 509 498 503 496 502 503 503 502 502 504 502 502 Total 512 502 509 500 504 505 505 505 505 505 506 504 Males 518 515 522 521 525 527 530 531 531 533 533 534 Math Females 479 473 480 483 490 492 494 496 495 498 498 500 Total 498 492 500 501 506 508 511 512 511 514 514 516 2003 512 503 507 537 503 519 Note - For 1972-1986 a formula was applied to the original mean and standard deviation to convert the mean to the recentered scale. For 1987-1995, individual student scores were converted to the recentered scale and then the mean was recomputed. From 1996-1999, nearly all students received scores on the recentered scale. Any scale on the original scale was converted to the recentered scale prior to computing the mean. From 2000-2003, all scores are reported on the recentered scale. Source: College Board (2003). G-31 TABLE G-29--EVENT DROPOUT RATES FROM GRADES 10-12, BY SEX AND RACE, 1980-2000 [In percent) Sex Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 2 1988 1989 2 2 Race/ethnicity1 Female 5.5 5.8 5.1 4.7 4.8 5.0 4.7 3.8 4.4 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.9 4.3 5.4 5.3 5.1 4.1 4.9 5.4 4.1 White nonHispanic 5.2 4.8 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.3 3.7 3.5 4.2 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.5 4.1 3.6 3.9 4.0 4.1 Black nonHispanic 8.2 9.7 7.8 7.0 5.7 7.8 5.4 6.4 5.9 7.8 5.0 6.0 5.0 5.8 6.6 6.4 6.7 5.0 5.2 6.5 6.1 Hispanic 11.7 10.7 9.2 10.1 11.1 9.8 11.9 5.4 10.4 7.8 7.9 7.3 8.2 6.7 10.0 12.4 9.0 9.5 9.4 7.8 7.4 Total 6.1 5.9 5.5 5.2 5.1 5.2 4.7 4.1 4.8 4.5 4.0 4.1 4.4 4.5 5.3 5.7 5.0 4.6 4.8 5.0 4.8 Male 6.7 6.0 5.8 5.8 5.4 5.4 4.7 4.3 5.1 4.5 4.0 3.8 3.9 4.6 5.2 6.2 5.0 5.0 4.6 4.6 5.5 1990 2 1991 1992 1993 2 2,3 2,3 1994 2,3,4 1995 2,3,4 1996 1997 2,3,4 2,3,4 1998 2,3,4 1999 2000 1 2,3,4 2,3,4 Due to small sample sizes, American Indians/Alaska Natives and Asians/Pacific Islanders are included in the total but are not shown separately. 2 Numbers for these years reflect new editing procedures that began in 1987 by the U.S. Census Bureau for cases with missing data on school enrollment items. 3 Numbers for these years reflect new wording of the educational attainment in the Current Population Survey beginning in 1992. 4 Numbers in these years reflect changes in the Current Population Survey beginning in 1994 due to newly instituted computer-assisted interviewing and the change in the population controls used in the 1990 Census-based estimates, with adjustments for undercounting in the 1990 Census. Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2001). G-32 TABLE G-30--HIGH SCHOOL COMPLETION RATES FOR 18-24 YEAR OLDS, BY RACE/ETHNICITY, 1980-2000 [In percent] Race/ethnicity1 Year 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 2 2 2 Total 83.9 83.8 83.8 83.9 84.7 85.4 85.5 84.7 84.5 84.7 85.6 84.9 86.4 86.2 85.8 85.3 86.2 85.9 84.8 85.9 White nonHispanic 87.5 87.1 87.0 87.4 87.5 88.2 88.8 87.7 88.7 89.0 89.6 89.4 90.7 90.1 90.7 89.8 91.5 90.5 90.2 91.2 Black non-Hispanic 75.2 76.7 76.4 76.8 80.3 81.0 81.8 81.9 80.9 81.9 83.2 82.5 82.0 81.9 83.3 84.5 83.0 82.0 81.4 83.5 Hispanic 57.1 59.1 60.9 59.4 63.7 66.6 63.5 65.1 58.2 59.4 59.1 56.5 62.1 64.4 61.8 62.8 61.9 66.7 62.8 63.4 1990 2 1991 1992 1993 2 2,3 2,3 1994 2,3,4 1995 1996 1997 2,3,4 2,3,4 2,3,4 1998 2,3,4 1999 1 2,3,4 2,3,4 86.5 91.8 83.7 64.1 2000 Due to small sample sizes, American Indians/Alaska Natives and Asians/Pacific Islanders are included in the total but are not shown separately. 2 Numbers for these years reflect new editing procedures instituted by the U.S. Census Bureau for cases with missing data on school enrollment items. 3 Numbers for these years reflect new wording of the educational attainment in the Current Population Survey beginning in 1992. 4 Numbers in these years reflect changes in the Current Population Survey beginning in 1994 due to newly instituted computer-assisted interviewing and the change in the population controls used in the 1990 Census-based estimates, with adjustments for undercounting in the 1990 Census. Source: National Center for Education Statistics (2001). TABLE G-31--TRENDS IN DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AND INCOME COMPOSITION OF FEMALEHEADED FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN, 1987, 1993, 1998, AND 2002 Number of Families (in thousands) Family Characteristics: Percent Never Married Percent with head age 15 to 19 Percent with head age 20 to 29 Percent with head age 30 and over Percent white non-Hispanic2 Percent black non-Hispanic2 Percent Hispanic2 Percent “mixed” or “other” races2 Average family size Percent with income from: Earnings3 Social Security Pensions Unemployment Compensation Worker Comp, Disability Veterans Administration SSI AFDC, TANF, Other Public Asst. Child Support, Alimony Interest, Dividends3 Food Stamps School Lunch Housing Percent of total income from: Earnings3 Social Security Pensions Unemployment Compensation 1987 3,525 35.6 2.7 35.9 61.4 42.5 41.9 15.6 NA 3.4 47.7 10.9 1.4 4.0 1.4 0.9 7.3 60.2 17.8 11.1 67.5 63.1 31.8 26.6 6.5 0.6 0.6 Poor 1 1993 1998 2002 4,361 3,660 3,301 43.2 3.7 36.9 59.4 41.4 40.8 17.8 NA 3.4 49.7 8.6 1.1 4.6 1.8 0.6 9.6 60.2 20.5 10.3 71.9 65.5 33.7 25.1 4.7 0.3 0.9 47.5 3.4 34.9 61.6 42.0 37.5 20.6 NA 3.4 64.7 10.6 1.0 4.6 1.0 0.4 10.7 38.6 17.8 10.8 56.7 68.2 32.5 41.1 5.7 0.5 0.8 50.1 2.6 35.5 61.9 37.6 37.0 20.8 4.5 3.3 62.0 10.3 0.8 6.2 1.1 0.5 9.8 21.7 23.9 12.2 52.4 66.7 32.6 43.0 6.5 0.3 1.8 1987 4,082 15.2 0.4 17.8 81.7 66.5 25.0 8.5 NA 3.1 96.6 16.7 5.6 5.8 3.8 2.5 3.3 8.8 37.8 53.9 8.4 54.4 7.5 79.5 4.5 2.2 0.4 Nonpoor 1 1993 1998 4,969 5,682 20.9 0.6 15.3 84.2 63.5 26.6 9.9 NA 3.0 94.5 16.0 5.8 8.0 4.0 1.0 6.0 11.8 38.8 51.7 16.7 57.3 7.3 76.8 4.5 1.9 0.8 29.0 1.3 18.7 80.1 61.2 27.1 11.8 NA 3.0 96.5 13.0 4.8 5.3 2.3 1.0 4.7 6.9 39.5 48.2 13.0 62.7 8.6 80.7 3.6 1.5 0.4 2002 6,520 32.3 1.4 18.5 80.1 53.6 27.3 14.7 4.4 3.0 96.0 13.2 4.0 7.9 2.7 0.9 4.3 4.5 36.0 42.7 11.7 59.4 8.3 82.4 3.5 1.2 1.0 1987 7,607 24.6 1.5 26.2 72.3 55.3 32.9 11.8 NA 3.2 74.0 14.0 3.7 5.0 2.6 1.7 5.1 32.7 28.6 34.0 35.8 58.4 18.8 69.2 4.9 1.9 0.4 Total 1993 1998 9,329 9,342 31.3 2.0 25.4 72.6 53.2 33.2 13.6 NA 3.2 73.5 12.5 3.6 6.5 2.9 0.8 7.7 34.4 30.2 32.3 42.5 61.1 19.6 65.7 4.6 1.5 0.8 36.2 2.1 25.0 72.8 53.6 31.1 15.2 NA 3.2 84.1 12.1 3.3 5.0 1.8 0.7 7.0 19.4 31.0 33.5 30.1 64.9 18.0 74.5 3.9 1.4 0.5 2002 9,821 38.3 1.8 24.2 74.0 48.2 30.6 16.8 4.4 3.1 G-33 84.6 12.2 2.9 7.3 2.1 0.7 6.2 10.3 32.0 32.5 25.3 61.8 16.5 77.7 3.8 1.1 1.1 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.5 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.5 Worker Comp, Disability Veterans Administration 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 3.4 4.5 5.2 5.4 0.5 1.1 0.8 0.7 1.1 1.8 1.5 1.3 SSI 32.9 26.1 12.9 6.6 1.3 1.6 0.7 0.4 7.5 6.8 2.6 1.2 AFDC, TANF, Other Public Asst. 3.5 3.5 3.5 6.5 6.0 6.2 5.9 5.5 5.5 5.7 5.5 5.6 Child Support, Alimony 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.5 2.4 2.8 2.3 1.7 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.5 Interest, Dividends3 17.4 17.3 13.3 12.5 0.3 0.8 0.6 0.5 3.7 4.3 2.6 1.9 Food Stamps4 4.7 3.8 4.1 4.0 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 1.3 1.2 1.1 0.9 School Lunch4 0.9 9.9 9.2 9.2 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 2.3 1.7 1.4 Housing Assistance4 Mean income per family member5 $3,142 $3,400 $3,319 $3,253 $12,578 $12,164 $12,810 $13,338 $7,982 $7,913 $8,893 $9,790 (2002 dollars) Percent with 50 percent or more of income 58.1 61.1 42.8 36.2 2.1 2.9 1.7 1.1 28.1 30.1 17.8 12.9 from public assistance5 Percent with 90 percent or more of income 39.1 37.2 22.1 18.2 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.3 18.3 17.8 8.8 6.3 from public assistance5 1 Based on official U.S. Census Bureau poverty levels. 2 Before 2002, “other” races were included in the white racial category.” Beginning in 2002, individuals on the CPS could identify as belonging to more than one racial group. In 2002, the racial categories for whites and blacks are for individuals identifying as belonging to only one racial group; people of “mixed” race and races other than white only or black only are separately identified in 2002. Hispanics may be of any race, and are identified separately. 3 Negative incomes (i.e., losses) set to zero. 4 The cash values of food stamps and housing assistance were estimated using their market values. Their cash values are excluded from total income for purposes of determining poverty status. Cash values of food stamps and housing assistance are included in total income for calculating the percentage share of total income. 5 Includes cash values of food stamps and housing assistance, and includes negative incomes (i.e. losses). 1987, 1993, and 1998 income converted to 2002 dollars using the CPI-U (Consumer Price Index for all urban consumers). Note - Details may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service based on data from the March 1988, 1994, and 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS). G-34 TABLE G-32—PERCENT OF MALE-PRESENT FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN WITH INCOME FROM VARIOUS SOURCES, BY THE RATIO OF TOTAL INCOME TO THE POVERTY THRESHOLD1, 2002 Under 0.50 720 60.4 7.2 1.0 4.5 1.4 1.2 5.0 8.1 4.3 17.1 28.0 57.4 10.9 2.2 25.4 72.4 46.0 12.6 32.3 9.0 Ratio of Total Income to Poverty Threshold 0.50 to 0.75 to 1.00 to 1.25 to 1.50 to 2.00 to 0.74 0.99 1.24 1.49 1.99 2.99 648 890 1,096 1,292 2,637 5,363 87.8 90.5 94.8 97.8 97.7 99.2 13.0 12.2 10.0 7.8 7.9 6.4 0.7 1.1 1.8 1.6 2.7 3.2 9.0 9.8 9.9 10.9 13.4 11.1 3.7 4.3 4.1 4.7 4.2 3.2 0.5 0.3 1.4 0.9 1.1 1.5 7.1 5.3 5.0 3.6 3.5 1.7 12.4 7.9 4.0 2.7 2.1 1.3 3.5 3.2 4.5 4.7 5.2 6.6 20.3 15.8 22.7 24.3 34.1 48.0 35.5 26.0 16.5 10.5 6.6 2.0 62.8 64.3 63.7 60.6 57.1 54.5 8.6 6.9 5.2 4.9 3.0 1.2 2.0 24.4 73.7 42.1 11.9 40.9 5.2 1.7 21.8 76.6 37.8 12.9 42.5 6.9 1.3 24.5 74.2 45.8 9.8 37.6 6.8 0.8 22.8 76.4 46.7 12.6 34.2 6.5 1.3 21.0 77.7 54.5 10.5 28.2 6.8 0.9 16.3 82.8 65.0 9.9 18.6 6.4 3.00 & over 16,882 99.8 4.6 4.3 7.5 2.5 1.5 0.7 0.2 5.6 76.1 0.3 47.4 0.2 0.2 7.5 92.3 78.7 7.2 7.7 6.5 Poor 2,259 80.1 10.8 0.9 7.9 3.2 0.6 5.7 9.2 3.7 17.5 29.4 61.7 8.7 1.9 23.7 74.4 41.6 12.5 38.8 7.1 Nonpoor 27,270 99.2 5.7 3.7 9.0 3.0 1.5 1.5 0.9 5.7 61.9 2.4 51.0 1.1 0.5 12.0 87.5 70.8 8.4 14.3 6.5 Total 29,529 97.7 6.0 3.5 9.0 3.0 1.4 1.8 1.5 5.5 58.5 4.4 51.8 1.7 0.6 12.9 86.5 68.6 8.7 16.2 6.5 Number of Families (Thousands) Earnings2 Social Security Pensions Unemployment Compensation Disability Veterans Administration SSI TANF, General Assistance Child Support, Alimony Interest, Dividends2 Food Stamps School Lunch Housing Assistance Family Characteristics Percent - head age 15 to 19 Percent - head age 20 to 29 Percent - head age 30 and over Percent - white non-Hispanic3 Percent - black non-Hispanic3 Percent – Hispanic3 Percent other non-Hispanic3 1 2 G-35 Based on Census (“Orshansky”) poverty levels. Negative Incomes (i.e. losses) set to zero. 3 Beginning in 2002, individuals on the CPS could identify as belonging to more than one racial group. In 2002, the racial categories for whites and blacks are for individuals identifying as belonging to only one racial group; people of mixed race and races other than white only or black only are separately identified. Hispanics may be of any race, and are identified separately. Note - Detail may not sum to totals due to rounding. Source: Table prepared by the Congressional Research Service using March 2003 Current Population Survey (CPS). G-36 TABLE G-33 -- NUMBERS, PERCENT COMPOSITION, AND RATES OF CHILDREN BELOW POVERTY 1, BY RACE 1980-2002 [Numbers in thousands] Number Year Total Black White Hispanic 1 Rate Black White Hispanic1 Total 11,114 3,906 6,817 1,718 17.9 42.1 13.4 33.0 1980 12,068 4,170 7,429 1,874 19.5 44.9 14.7 35.4 1981 13,139 4,388 8,282 2,117 21.3 47.3 16.5 38.9 1982 13,427 4,273 8,534 2,251 21.8 46.2 17.0 37.7 1983 12,929 4,320 8,086 2,317 21.0 46.2 16.4 38.7 1984 12,483 4,057 7,838 2,512 20.1 43.1 15.6 39.6 1985 12,257 4,037 7,714 2,413 19.8 42.7 15.3 37.1 1986 2,606 19.7 44.4 14.7 38.9 1987 2 12,275 4,234 7,398 2,576 19.0 42.8 14.0 37.3 1988 2 11,935 4,148 7,095 12,001 4,257 7,164 2,496 19.0 43.2 14.1 35.5 1989 12,715 4,412 7,696 2,750 19.9 44.2 15.1 37.7 1990 2,977 21.1 45.6 16.4 39.8 1991 2 13,658 4,637 8,316 3,440 21.6 46.3 16.5 39.0 1992 2 14,521 5,015 8,752 14,961 5,030 9,123 3,666 22.0 45.9 17.0 39.9 1993 14,610 4,787 8,826 3,956 21.2 43.3 16.3 41.1 1994 13,999 4,644 8,474 3,938 20.2 41.5 15.5 39.3 1995 13,764 4,411 8,488 4,090 19.8 39.5 15.5 39.9 1996 13,422 4,116 8,441 3,865 19.2 36.8 15.4 36.4 1997 12,845 4,073 7,935 3,670 18.3 36.4 14.4 33.6 1998 3,561 16.6 32.8 13.4 29.9 1999 2 11,678 3,698 7,194 3,342 15.6 30.9 12.4 27.6 2000 3 11,005 3,495 6,834 3,433 15.8 30.0 12.8 27.4 2001 4 11,175 3,423 7,086 3,653 16.3 32.1 13.1 28.2 2002 5 11,646 3,570 7,203 1 People of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 2 For 1999, figures are based on 2000 census population controls. For 1992, on 1990 census population controls. For 1991, figures are revised to correct for nine omitted weights from the original March 1992 CPS file. For 1988 and 1987, figures are based on new processing procedures and are also revised to reflect corrections to the files after publication of the 1988 advance report, Money Income and Poverty Status in the United States: 1988, P-60, No. 166. 3 Consistent with 2001 data through implementation of Census 2000-based population controls and a 28,000 household sample expansion. 4 For 2001 and earlier years, the CPS allowed respondents to report only one race group. The reference rate groups for 2001 and earlier poverty data are: white, non-Hispanic white, black, and Asian and Pacific Islander. 5 The 2003 CPS (data for 2002) allowed respondents to choose more than one race. The numbers and rates reported for white and black are for those who reported white and did not report any other race category, or those who reported black and did not report any other race category. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). TABLE G-34 -- NUMBER OF INDIVIDUALS IN FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE IN POVERTY BY FAMILY TYPE AND RACE, 1998-2002 [Numbers in thousands] 1998 Number Percent Families2 White Black Hispanic3 Married-Couple Families2 White Black Hispanic3 Female Householder Families, No Spouse Present White Black Hispanic3 Male Householder Families, No Spouse Present2 White Black Hispanic3 1 3 3 2 1999 Number Percent 11,510 7,123 3,644 3,382 4,297 3,428 510 1,745 6,602 3,266 2,997 1,471 611 430 137 166 16.3 12.9 32.7 29.9 8.4 7.9 10.8 22.2 41.9 35.5 51.7 52.4 18.1 16.7 22.3 25.7 2000 1 Number Percent 11,018 6,838 3,417 3,173 4,219 3,431 402 1,719 6,116 2,955 2,830 1,303 684 453 185 150 15.6 12.3 30.4 27.3 8.1 7.8 8.2 20.9 39.8 33.0 49.4 48.3 19.8 16.7 31.4 21.2 2001 Number Percent 11,175 7,086 3,423 3,433 4,108 3,294 492 1,699 6,341 3,291 2,741 1,508 726 501 189 225 15.8 12.8 30.0 27.4 8.0 7.7 10.1 19.5 39.3 34.7 46.6 49.3 20.6 18.6 28.6 29.3 2002 Number Percent 11,646 7,203 3,570 3,653 4,352 3,482 518 1,898 6,564 3,271 2,855 1,501 731 450 197 253 16.3 13.1 32.1 28.2 8.5 8.1 11.5 21.2 39.6 34.7 47.5 47.9 20.2 16.8 32.5 28.4 12,845 7,935 4,073 3,670 4,550 3,604 536 1,723 7,627 3,875 3,366 1,739 669 456 171 207 18.3 14.4 36.4 33.6 9.0 8.4 12.1 23.3 46.4 40.0 54.7 59.6 20.0 17.6 28.6 33.7 G-37 Based on a November 2001 weighting correction. Includes races other than white, black, or Hispanic. People of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). G-38 TABLE G-35 – POVERTY RATE OF CHILDREN BY FAMILY TYPE AND RACE, 1970-2001 Female Head Year Total Male Present Total 9.2 9.3 8.6 7.6 8.7 9.8 8.5 8.5 7.9 8.5 10.4 11.6 13.0 13.5 12.5 11.7 10.8 10.9 10.6 10.0 10.4 10.7 11.1 11.8 12.4 11.7 10.7 10.9 10.2 9.7 9.1 8.6 8.8 Black White Hispanic1 Total Black White Hispanic1 1970 14.9 67.7 43.1 NA 53.0 26.0 7.3 NA 1971 15.1 56.6 44.6 NA 53.1 25.5 7.4 NA 1972 14.9 69.5 41.1 NA 53.1 24.1 6.8 NA 1973 14.2 67.2 42.1 68.7 52.1 21.7 6.0 18.8 1974 15.1 65.0 42.9 64.3 51.5 20.0 6.9 20.0 1975 16.8 66.0 44.2 68.4 52.7 22.1 8.2 23.8 1976 15.8 65.6 42.7 67.3 52.0 19.4 7.1 20.8 1977 16.0 65.7 40.3 68.6 50.3 19.9 7.1 17.9 1978 15.7 66.4 39.9 68.9 50.6 17.6 6.8 17.2 1979 16.0 63.1 38.5 62.2 48.6 18.7 7.3 19.2 1980 17.9 54.8 41.6 65.0 50.8 20.3 9.0 22.9 1981 19.5 67.7 42.8 67.3 52.3 23.4 10.0 24.5 1982 21.3 70.7 46.5 71.8 56.0 24.1 11.6 27.8 1983 21.8 68.3 47.1 70.6 55.4 23.7 12.0 27.2 1984 21.0 66.2 45.9 71.0 54.0 24.3 11.0 27.5 1985 20.1 66.9 45.2 72.4 53.6 18.8 10.4 27.4 1986 19.8 67.1 46.3 66.7 54.4 17.0 9.8 25.8 1987 20.0 68.3 45.8 70.1 54.7 19.8 9.5 28.3 19.7 66.9 45.0 69.8 53.7 19.1 9.3 27.7 1987 2 1988 19.0 64.7 44.9 69.6 52.9 18.7 8.5 25.4 1989 19.0 63.1 42.5 64.3 51.1 20.0 9.1 25.5 1990 19.9 64.7 45.9 68.4 53.4 19.3 9.5 26.7 1991 21.1 68.2 47.1 68.6 55.5 17.3 10.1 29.1 1992 3 21.6 67.1 45.9 65.9 54.6 19.4 10.3 29.6 1993 22.0 65.9 45.6 66.1 53.7 19.5 11.3 29.9 1994 21.2 53.2 45.7 68.3 52.9 17.7 10.4 30.8 1995 20.2 61.6 42.5 65.7 50.3 14.4 9.8 28.8 1996 19.8 58.2 43.1 67.4 49.3 16.0 9.9 30.4 1997 19.2 55.3 44.3 62.8 49.0 14.2 9.4 26.9 1998 18.3 54.7 40.0 59.6 46.1 14.1 8.9 24.1 16.6 51.9 35.7 52.4 42.1 12.2 8.5 22.4 1999 4 2000 5 15.6 49.3 33.9 49.8 40.1 10.9 8.2 20.8 2001 15.8 46.6 34.7 49.3 39.3 12.3 8.3 20.3 1 Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. 2 Revised. 3 For 1992, figures are based on 1990 Census population controls. 4 Reflecting Census 2000-Based population controls. 5 Reflecting Census 2000-Based population controls and a 28,000 household expansion. NA - Not available Note - Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race. Source: U.S. Census Bureau (2003b). G-39 TABLE G-36 – NUMBER OF POOR CHILDREN UNDER 6 AND FROM 6 TO 17 YEARS AND THEIR POVERTY RATES, 1971-2002 Total number of children under 18 Total number under 6 [Numbers in thousands] Total number Poverty rate Total number of Poverty rate of poor of children poor children of children children under 6 6-17 years 6-17 years under 6 3,579 17.1 6,972 14.5 3,388 16.5 6,896 14.5 3,204 16.0 6,438 13.7 3,361 16.9 6,795 14.7 3,522 18.2 7,582 16.6 3,358 17.7 6,915 15.3 3,426 18.5 6,862 15.4 3,344 17.8 6,587 15.1 3,479 18.3 6,898 15.5 4,054 20.3 7,489 17.4 4,487 22.0 8,018 19.1 4,899 23.6 8,748 21.1 5,302 25.0 8,609 20.8 5,066 23.9 8,354 20.3 4,951 23.0 8,059 19.5 4,796 22.1 8,080 19.6 4,984 22.8 7,979 19.3 4,957 22.3 7,499 18.1 5,071 22.5 7,518 18.1 5,412 23.6 8,019 19.0 5,702 24.6 8,639 20.2 6,360 26.4 8,934 20.1 6,352 26.5 9,375 20.8 6,093 25.1 9,196 20.1 5,821 24.1 8,844 19.1 5,333 22.7 8,431 18.3 5,049 21.6 8,373 18.0 4,775 20.6 8,071 17.1 4,170 18.0 7,340 15.5 3,917 16.9 7,101 14.9 4,188 18.2 6,987 14.6 4,296 18.5 7,350 15.2 Year 1971 68,816 20,898 1972 67,930 20,510 1973 66,959 20,043 1974 66,134 19,887 1975 65,079 19,353 1976 64,028 18,971 1977 63,137 18,518 1978 62,311 18,789 1979 63,375 19,012 1980 62,914 19,974 1981 62,449 20,396 1982 62,345 20,789 1983 62,334 21,039 1984 62,447 21,196 1985 62,876 21,526 1986 62,948 21,656 1987 63,290 21,860 63,747 22,232 1988 1 1989 64,144 22,505 1990 65,049 22,937 1991 65,918 23,206 68,440 24,070 1992 2 1993 69,292 24,219 1994 70,020 24,265 1995 70,566 24,184 1996 70,650 23,452 1997 71,069 23,363 1998 71,338 23,160 1999 71,685 23,105 2000 3 71,741 23,243 2001 72,021 23,014 2002 72,696 23,247 1 Revised. 2 For 1992, figures are based on 1990 Census population controls. 3 Based on a November 2001 weighting correction. 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