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Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific Uni versity Presidents 117
Working Group Reports
This summary report was prepared by the management and for freedom from political interfer-
symposium secretariat from notes provided by the ence in expression of opinions on these matters.
various working groups. The group noted with interest the announce-
ment of a seminar devoted to the environmental
problems of Far Eastern seas to be held aboard
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL ship for two weeks in September 1994 by the Far
EDUCATION Eastern State University, Vladivostok, Russia.
The group endorsed the concept of a floating
university of marine science. It was agreed that an SUSTAINING THE PACIFIC
international approach to ship-based marine eco-
logical education and research in the Pacific basin The group endorsed a proposal to plan for joint
would be of mutual benefit. research concerning the accumulation of radiologi-
The group endorsed the strengthening of exist- cal and synthetic organic toxins in marine food
ing marine educational programs throughout the webs.
region and noted that the program proposal One primary focus of this joint research will be
"Strengthening the Development and Applications toxins that are associated with chronic disease in
of Coastal Oceanography in Southern South humans.
America: Facing Global Changes and Environmen-
tal Protection," presented by Prof. J. Stuardo, is an
important model in this area. The group also noted COASTAL AND HIGH SEAS
that needs for marine environmental education ex- MONITORING
tend beyond university training of specialists and
that university museums of science and natural The group endorsed the creation of scientific
history play an important role in this context. teams containing representatives of interested in-
The group endorsed the concept of an interna- stitutions. These teams would be devoted to the
tional cooperative effort to assess plastic pollution identification of regional issues and areas of con-
in the Pacific region through periodic, coordinated cern, and would suggest methods of assessing and
beach surveys. Involvement of pre-college students addressing these issues.
in such a program may increase knowledge of ma- The group recommended exploring how the ac-
rine science and foster international awareness. tivities of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific
The group endorsed the proposal of the Rus- University Presidents relate to those of other schol-
sian Academy of Science and the Far Eastern State arly bodies concerned with the Pacific region includ-
University to create an International Chair ofMa- ing PICES, the Space Agency Forum International
rine Ecology with the cooperation of UNESCO. Space Year, The Congress of Pacific Science Asso-
The group endorsed cooperative projects of stu- ciations, and others that may be identified.
dent exchange among universities of the region and The group endorsed the continuation of the
recommended development of a plan for mutual Conference's work in the field of satellite monitor-
recognition of educational stages and standards to ing of drifting buoys.
facilitate international transfer of students among The group endorsed the formation of a team de-
academic institutions of the Pacific. voted to information processing and data exchange,
The group endorsed a call for the integration of both remote sensed and in situ, among interested in-
social, cultural, and scientific information in resource stitutions of the Pacific region.
Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan~Pacific Un iversity Presidents 119
Ecological Problems and Monitoring of the Far Eastern Seas
Peter F. Brovko
Far Eastern State University
Vladivostock, Russia
The ecological problems of the Far Eastern basin and the changing hydrochemical regime re-
Seas coastal zone are a result of both anthropo- suit in degradation of biogenesis in the coastal
genic and natural processes. Pollution of these zone. We should take into consideration the rising
coastal waters takes place in the ports and nearby of the sea level.
waters-regions of mining development, oil-extract- The Coastal Research Center of Far Eastern
ing industries, and integrated pulp-and-paper mills University carries out coastal monitoring of twenty
(with the resulting waste discharge). Exploitation main locations on the shore of the Sea of Japan, the
of sand for construction in coastal zones results in Sea of Okhotsk, and the Bering Sea. The project on
sediment shortage and increasing coastal erosion. LOICZ (Land-Ocean Interaction in the Coastal
Natural hazards (i.e. volcano eruptions, earth- Zone) includes coastal monitoring as a part of its
quakes, and tsunami) make the ecological situation investigations. Cooperation in coastal monitoring
worse. During typhoons, the rise of water levels will be planned in the Northern Pacific with Tokai
causes flooding of farming lands, roads, and rail- University, Western Washington University, the
ways. The increasing suspended load drainage University of Alaska, etc.
The Coastal Ecosystems of the ASEAN Region:
A Vanishing Frontier?
Miguel D. Fortes
University of the Philippines
Quezon City, Philippines
The seas of the ASEAN region comprise 8.9 reclamation and other development activities are
million km 2 or 2.5% of the world's oceans . They causing the loss and destruction of the coastal
form a part of the center of generic richness and habitats. This is exacerbated by destructive fishing
maximum variety of species that compose the methods (for example, dynamite and poison fish-
coastal ecosystems of the tropical world- coral ing) and overexploitation of many resource and en-
reefs, seagrass beds, and mangroves. Unfortu- dangered species from the ecosys tems, such as sea
nately, regional efforts to improve the quality of life cows, sea turtles, and giant clams from seagrass
of its ra pidly increasing population include massive beds and coral reefs.
industrialization and infrastructure development Regional efforts to reverse these trends include
which is predicated upon environmental exploita- watershed and coastal zone management, pollution
tion, not protection. With varying degrees, soil ero- control, environmental impact studies, protected
sion has enhanced sedimentation in the coastal areas, adherence to the provisions of wetlands and
and marine ecosystems, making coral reefs particu- world heritage conventions , and legislation.
larly vulnerable. Pollution from land-based sources Whether these efforts will succeed depends largely
has impacted enclosed or semi-enclosed areas upon a reversal ofthe prevailing regional view that
where mangroves and seagrasses occur, while "nature does not pay, but coral, fish, and logs do."
120 Poster Session Abstracts
Environmental Influences on Salmon Migration in the
Northeast Pacific
Paul LeBlond and Keith A. Thomson
University of British Columbia
Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Computer simulations have been performed to latitude oflandfall of up to 550 km and variations
investigate the influence of ocean currents on the of time or arrival of up to two weeks at the coast.
migration of adult sockeye salmon toward the These results will be interpreted in terms of fea-
coast of British Columbia. Surface currents are tures of the surface circulation of the Alaska Gyre
obtained from a superposition of daily wind-driven and in the light of other effects responsible for the
flows and an average geostrophic circulation. Re- variance in observed characteristics of the migra-
sults show important interannual variations in tion process.
Spring Sea Ice Conditions from SAR Images Near the Alaska
Coast of the Chukchi
Fucheng Li, John Kelley, and Eriko Uematsu
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.
Sea ice in the Chukchi and Beaufort seas has walruses, seabirds, and particularly bowhead
been a major subject of interest, with emphasis on whales.
aspects of environmental forecast, offshore engi- The bowhead whale inhabits the Arctic/subarc-
neering, and navigation. Less effort has been put tic regions, principally in or near the sea ice zone of
on its relation to marine life inhabitants, including the continental shelf and oceanic water of less than
whales. Indeed, sea ice is a major determinant of 1000 m depth. One of their principal migration
distributions in time and space ofliving marine routes in springtime is from the Bering Sea north-
organisms in these areas. Native people of the Arc- ward to Point Barrow along a flaw lead zone of sea
tic associate the distribution and movements of ice at the eastern Chukchi Sea, and via offshore
marine species with sea ice characteristics or con- leads to Banks Island, Beaufort Sea. Observations
ditions. They deal with the hazards of sea ice while show a strong effect of sea ice lead and sea ice
hunting for ice-inhabiting species such as seals, thickness on the bowhead whales' migration.
Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific University Presidents 121
China's Environmental Problems and Fudan University's
Research Programs in the Environmental Sciences
Xu Ming-zhi
Fudan University
Shanghai, China
The Issue of Overpopulation 1989. This is a major source of air pollution in
many big cities of China and it contributes sig-
During the past decade, like many other devel- nificantly to global warming.
oping countries, China has felt the great pressure 2. Water pollution from factory waste disposal
of population growth, even though it has achieved and other sewage.
great success in its economic development. It is 3. The conservation of forest, soil , and water has
well known today that our planet holds more than been neglected during recent years of economic
five billion people, of which about 1.1 billion are development. Although measures have been
Chinese. It is expected that the world population taken in building up forests in the northwest-
might be doubled in the next century, with 90% of ern area, the percentage of forest coverage is
the growth occurring in developing countries where still diminishing. The degradation of farmland
the population outgrows the national resources in into desert is becoming a serious problem.
providing the necessary housing, fuel, and food. 4. Residents in urban areas become victims of
Forests have been excessively cut for fuel, mead- noise pollution.
ows overgrazed by livestock, and farmlands
overtilled by desperate farmers. As a result, the In order to protect the environment, various
whole ecological system has been seriously dis- laws and environmental protection regulations
turbed. have been issued, and administrative agencies for
To tightly control population growth, the Chi- managing environmental issues and monitoring
nese government has carried out a "one family, one pollution have been established; however, problems
child" policy which aims at limiting the population still remain for the effective implementation of all
to 1.2 billion by the year 2000. The implementation the necessary regulations.
ofthis policy has been quite successful in the urban
areas, but it has not been very effective in the rural The Dilemma Between Ecological Protection
areas where manual labor is in great demand. The and Resource Availability
total population might reach 1.25 billion by the end
It is very easy to pollute the environment,
of this century. Therefore it should be the duty of
whereas it is extremely expensive to get rid of pol-
educational institutions of all levels to educate
lution and bring laws for environmental protection
their students and general public about the impor-
into full implementation.
tance and significance of population control.
The greatest challenge for the government is to
exert effective control on the protection of environ-
The Hazard Caused by Pollution and ment while maintaining a sustainable economic
Overexploitation of Natural Resources growth so the living conditions of future genera-
tions improve_
As a consequence of rapid economic develop-
Sometimes drastic measures should be taken,
ment and fast population growth during the past
such as moving some of the factories to the suburbs
decades, China is now confronted with many seri-
or shutting down those that cause serious pollu-
ous environmental problems:
tion, even at the expense of affecting the produc-
1. Pollution by coal burning. Coal consumption tion for a time. Management and monitoring
was estimated at about one billion tons in systems should be improved.
122 Poster Session Abstracts
The Role of the University on the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystem and
in Environmental Protection problems concerning ecobalance which might
be helpful in promoting the growth of agricul-
The basic solution of population and environ- tural products.
mental problems lies in upgrading the education • Environmental Economics. The major interest
level of the people. It is the consensus of both gov- is the relationship between economic growth
ernment leaders and educators that institutions of and environmental pollution as well as to carry
higher learning must play an important role in out research work concerning the assessment
saving our environment from further pollution. In of environmental quality and managemental
order to meet this urgent need, the Institute of En- protection for the urban areas.
vironmental Science was established in 1985 at • Environmental Law. This division is respon-
Fudan University, with the purpose of bringing fac- sible for carrying out research work on laws ,
ulty members and students from various depart- regulations, and policies concerning environ-
ments such as biology, chemistry, physics , and mental protection and environmental man-
mathematical mechanics, as well as those from so- agement.
cial science departments such as economics, law, • Environmental Mechanics . This division deals
and business administration to carry out research with the transport and distribution of pollut-
work and develop curricula in certain aspects of ants in the process of industrial waste treat-
environmental science relevant to the expertise of ments based on both experimental and
the university. All participating faculty members theoretical studies.
and students remain in their respective depart- • Environmental Monitoring. The major role of
ments. The Institute coordinates the multi- this division is to conduct research in the quali-
disciplinary research programs that are relevant to tative and quantitative analysis of environ-
environmental science and offers courses forming mental pollutants based on basic principles in
an interdisciplinary curriculum. physics and chemistry.
The Institute's major goal is to study th8 stra- • Environmental Chemistry. This division con-
tegic policies on population control, the correlation sists of four research groups: water chemistry,
of population control and environment, and to raise atmospheric chemistry, environmental radio-
the environmental consciousness of faculty mem- chemistry, and environmental biochemistry.
bers and students who take part in the Institute-
As for the relationship between population con-
sponsered research programs. It is hoped that the
trol and environment, the Institute works in close
results of our research work will draw the atten-
cooperation with the Institute of Demography of
tion of government agencies at all levels.
Fudan University.
The Institute also cherishes the idea of intern a-
At the moment the Institute is staffed by 150
tional cooperation on issues concerning our global
full-time and part-time faculty members; among
environment.
them are about 40 professors and associate profes-
There are six divisions in the Institute:
sors. About 20 courses on environmental sciences
• Environmental Ecology. This division is inter- are given to both undergraduate students and
ested in the effects of environmental pollution graduate students of the university.
Fourth International Sy mposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific Uni versity Presidents 123
Pollution of the Coastal Zone in the Japan Inland Sea
Shiro Okabe
Tokai University
Shizuoka, Japan
Sedimentation rates of suspended substances The oxygen deficiency of water in the bottom
in Tokyo Bay and Osaka Bay were 0.15-0.23 cm/yr layer of eutrophic inland sea is exerting adverse
and 0.12-0.61 cm/yr, respectively. These were effects on marine organisms . One of the causes is
higher than the values in other bays of Japan. the blooming, death, and decomposition of phy-
Sediment samples were collected by the piston toplankton. In recent years, the eutrophication of
corer in Tokyo Bay. Vertical distribution of concen- the inland sea has been inhibited by the water
trations of copper, lead, nickel, zinc, and chro- quality regulation of waste waters.
mium was studied with the date of sedimentation However, oxygen deficiency in the bottom layer
by the 210Pb method in bottom sediments. The continues and the productivity of marine organ-
analyzed metal contents all had been increasing isms is on the decline.
from 1880 to 1970 when most marked changes The relationship between the distribution of
were found; but since 1970, metal content has red tide phytoplankton in coastal water and the ac-
gradually decreased. This is attributable to the cumulation of organic substances in the sea bottom
fact that the waste discharged from inland areas was also considered. If dissolved oxygen in seawa-
into seawater was reduced in compliance with ter is entirely consumed by the decomposition of
the Marine Environmental Protection Law con- marine organisms, the resulting anoxic condition
cerning inland seawater. creates a poisonous hydrogen sulfide.
124 Poster Session Abstracts
The Role of Data Acquisition from Satellite-tracked
Drifting Buoys
Toshibumi Sakata
Tokai University
Tokyo, Japan
Seventy percent of the surface of the earth, In August 1991, the Third International Sym-
which is also called the "aquaplanet," is covered by posium of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific
water, giving life to its animals and plants. This is University Presidents was held in Vladivostok.
a contrast to the other planets. Animals and plants Most of the discussion centered on environmental
receive energy radiated by the sun and each main- questions at the global level , including sea con-
tains its life in its own way. The sea absorbs and tamination in the North Pacific area. Dr. Tatsuro
stores solar energy, helping to maintain a good ter- Matsumae, President of Tokai University, said, "We
restrial environment. The world's weather condi- are destined to bear responsibility for protecting
tions depend on the complex relationship between the sea, because our life originated in and was fos-
the continents and seas. In particular, the seas ex- tered by our mother sea." He then proposed "envi-
ert an important effect upon climate. Oceans such ronmentalsurveys in the North Pacific area to be
as the Pacific- which occupies almost 50% of the operated via artificial satellites to cope with con-
earth's area-seriously affect not only weather con- tamination of the global environment, seeking the
ditions but every living thing. Since the dawn of counsel of many universities , without regard to in-
history, humans have enjoyed the benefits of the ternational boundaries." The result was a decision
sea, but we have failed profoundly in our duty to- to carry out a study to determine the true nature of
ward the environment. From the latter part of the water currents in this area. In January 1992, the
eighteenth century to the present, humans have first meeting was held at Tokai University Pacific
unceasingly contaminated the sea, taking advan- Center in Hawaii. Presidents and students of
tage of its mighty ability to purify and produce. Alaska, Hawaii, and Canadian British Columbia
Difficulties have already shown themselves in universities gathered to debate implementation of
various phenomena. Accumulation of waste plastic the decision. According to the plan, 100 ARGOS
materials, for example, is creating what will even- buoys were to be dropped off the coast of Okinawa
tually become a heap along the Alaska coast, while on the western side of the Pacific. They were ex-
years of irresponsible fishing has destroyed a con- pected to float across the Pacific on currents from
siderable portion of the ocean's food resources. Fur- the west, down to the eddy northeast of Hawaii.
ther, the matter is growing worse because those Three kinds of buoys were prepared wi th drogues
accidents, including large-scale efflux of petroleum attached underneath to sense the varying condi-
and the dumping of chemicals in the sea, are tions at levels corresponding to surface, sub-surface
straining local as well as global resources. (0- 10 m), and central (10-20 m) currents.
The biological condition of the Pacific Ocean On October 7, 1992, a series of buoys was
must be maintained unmarred to assure our own dropped off Okinawa, Ensyunada, Izu, and Sanriku
social welfare, economic prosperity, and public to ride the currents. In January 1993, some buoys
peace, not only in this area but throughout the reached almost 165°E. They were expected to
world. Challenges of enormous importance and reach the eddy during the summer of 1993. It
daunting difficulty will decide the destiny of fu- was estimated t hat 30% of the buoys would ar-
ture generations. rive there.
Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pa n-Pacific University Presidents 125
Biochemical Monitoring of Bowhead Whales Caught off
Barrow, Alaska: Serum Protein and PCB Levels
Cynthia M. Simons, Beverly Johnson, Lawrence K. Duffy,
Eric Follman, and John Kelley
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.
Observing important biochemical markers such Thtal serum protein of the bowhead whales ranged
as serum proteins and immune function can pro- from 9.0g/ 100 ml to 11 .7g/ 100 ml with a mean of
vide long-term documentation of acute and chronic 10.5g1l00 ml ±SD of 0.B4. For IB bowhead whales,
effects of exposure to pollutants on the health of the relative concentrations of serum proteins
wild populations of mammals. Gel electrophoresis present in the different electrophoresis zones was:
of total serum proteins was used to resolve the pro- (SD) albumin, 31.1% (5.9); aI ' 11.2% (2.5); a z'
tein pattern into multiple zones . These zones were 17.0% (3.6); ~l' 10% (3.B); ~z' 9.7% (3.0); y, 21.6%
quantitated by densitometry and total protein in (3.6). PCB levels in red blood cells were below de-
the sample was measured by the Bradford method. tectable levels of 0.5 ppm.
Underground Nuclear Explosions and Global Nuclear Fallout:
Impact on Yakutia
V.E. Stepanov, S.I. Degtyaryev, A.A. Alekseev, Z.E. Petrov (Yakutsk State
University, Russia); G.I. Borisov (Kurchatovsky Institute, Moscow, Russia);
and A.V. Stepanov (Radium Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia)
The main sources of radioactive pollution in River, the background makes up 4 KBKlm 2 . The
Yakutia are the prospecting of uranium deposits, most nuclear contamination was discovered in the
radioactive pollution from the underground nuclear samples from the regions that suffered from the
explosions, and global fallout. In collaboration with underground nuclear explosions near the villages
Kurcha tovsky Institute (Moscow) and the Radium Udachny and Taas-Yuryakh. The level of pollution
Institute (Saint Petersburg) the laboratory of radio- makes up 40 KBKlm 2 on 137Cs and 3.5 KBKlm 2 ,
active ecology at Yakutsk State University does re- five times more than the corresponding data near
search work in radioactive ecology. Two scientific the Chernobyl accident.
expeditions and a number oflocal investigations There are two places of nuclear underground
were carried out near the underground nuclear ex- explosions with intensive radioactive contamina-
plosions. tion and several places with low radioactivity back-
Field semiconductor spectrometry determined ground. It is imperative to organize an international
that the level of accumulated 137CS on the surface laboratory on radioactive ecology with the aim of
soil downstream of the Lena River makes up 2 carrying out investigations on the influence oflocal
KBKlm 2 , half of which was caused by the radionuclides on the environment and the way they
Chernobyl disaster. Downstream of the ViJyuj transfer to the Paci fie region.
126 Poster Session Abstracts
Natural and Anthropic Impacts and Disturbances on the
Central and Southern Coasts of Chile
Jose Stuardo
Universidad de Concepcion
Concepcion, Chile
The west coast of southern South America, one A general discussion of the main positive and
of the most productive areas of the southeastern negative impacts and disturbances is presented,
Pacific, presents a set of environmental character- including:
istics, combining climatic conditions determined by
l. Natural impacts, such as local uplifiting or
latitude, a distinct pattern of oceanic circulation
and orogenesis. In fact, diastrophism in the area sinking of the coast and ensuing tsunamis;
continues to occur with major changes due to tec- changes in oceanic currents impinging on the
tonic movements in the earth's crust configuring coast of Chile; seasonal upwelling of equatorial
the coast, and comparatively minor but recurrent subsurface waters; river input of sediments,
local fault adjustments (earthquakes). nutrients, and pollutants; and red tides.
In turn, the increase of coastal populations and 2. Anthropic impacts, such as land and wetlands
related socioeconomic development is determining utilization; effiuents and dumping due to urban
changes, mostly unfavorable to nature, many of development of coastal population and indus-
which are detected only when the effects threaten trial development involving hydroelectric
human welfare or reach the public eye. Unfortu- power, pulp and paper mill, timber and forestry
nately, regulations to prevent and counteract them (sawdust, chips, wood); oil refining; fish pro-
are not embodied in only one set oflegislation. cessing and fishing; and aquaculture.
Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific University Presidents 127
Analysis of Drifting Buoy Experiments
in the North Pacific Ocean
Yasuhiro Sugimori, Akira Nakamura, Masao Fukasawa,
Toshifumi Sakata, Haruhisa Shimoda, and Kohei Cho
Tokai University
Tokyo, Japan
Tokai University deployed twelve ARGOS Results showed that the magnitude of the di-
floats in the Kuroshio region in the south and the vergence estimated by the first group was uniform
east of Honshu, the main island of Japan, from over our oceanic region, and a mean time deriva-
September to November, 1992. All of them drifted tive of the area (i.e. eddy diffusivity) was
along the Kuroshio for one or two weeks after their 2.1x109 cm 2/sec. But the second group shows a
deployment, but some of them diverged from a large space and/or time variation in the magni-
strong current path when they entered the tude of divergence. To the west of 170oE, the
Kuroshio Extension. mean time derivative of the area was 1.4x10 9
In this paper, two groups of drifters, which cm 2/sec; nevertheless it turns out to be negative
never diverged even on the Extension at least to as - 1.8x10 9 cm 2/sec in late spring 1993, or in the
the west of the dateline, are used to show charac- east of 1700E.
teristics of the divergence field of the current along Why these different divergences were esti-
the western portion of the Kuroshio Extension. mated is still not clear, but it is possible the Ekman
One group was composed of three drifters and drift may have changed in the east of 1700E in
another was composed of four drifters. The diver- spring 1993. It is desirable to check the recent
gence of the current field was estimated by time wind field around the latitude of the Kuroshio Ex-
and/or space derivatives of areas of the triangle tension. We are making efforts to get sea surface
and the square. wind data in late winter and spring.
128 Poster Session Abstracts
National Parks of Yakutia?
O.N. Tolstikhin
Yakutsk State University
Yakutsk, Russia
The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) currently National park establishment faces severe prob-
lacks national nature parks, though there are sev- lems due to:
eral areas designated as animal refuges or animal
1. Lack of Russian and Yakutian laws regulating
species breeding areas. At the same time, areas of
the establishment and maintenance of national
environmental degradation are increasing with
parks.
dangerous rapidity.
2. Apprehension on the part of t h e aboriginal
Establishment of national nature parks is con-
peoples that park administrations will be
sidered an urgent and necessary measure to ensure
agents of oppression.
environmental conservation and preservation of
3. Inflation and consequent lack of funds for
the traditional utilization of the environment by
planning, establishment, and-later on- park
the aboriginal populations.
personnel.
National parks, with controlled access, will also
4. Open opposition on the part of various bureau-
permit development of tourism, for sport, recre-
cratic agencies which exploit natural resources,
ation, and education.
primarily industries engaged in mineral and
Yakutia has designated two proposed national
timber exploitation and in fur procurement.
park areas: Lena Pillars, in the watershed area
between Lena and Buotoma rivers, and the Morna Unless these problems are solved, the estab-
Valley, within the Indigirka River basin depression lishment of national parks in Yakutia , no matter
in the southeast ofYakutia. how urgently needed, remains highly problematic.
Fourth Internationa l Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan·Pacific University Presidents 129
Sustainable Development for the Pacific Region:
The Contribution of UNU Research Programs
Juha I. Uitto
The United Nations University
Tokyo,Japan
One of the focal areas of the United Nations Institutional Mechanisms for Sustainable Develop-
University's research program is environment and ment in the Oceans addressed these issues. Other
sustainable development. An independent aca- efforts in this area have focused on regional ap-
demic body under the United Nations, the univer- proaches to management of the East Asian seas.
sity (UNU) operates through an international Second, UNU promotes studies into coastal pol-
network of scholars. Headquartered in Tokyo , lution and its ecological, societal, and health ef-
much of UNU's research is focused on the Pacific fects. With UNU's assistance, the International
area. Mussel Watch Program monitoring coastal pollu-
UNU's program features sustainable marine tion is being extended to the AsialPacific region.
development at two levels . First, UNU promotes Collaborative studies on the Minamata case of me-
studies into international ocean governance. Sus- thyl mercury poisoning in southern Japan, and re-
tainable use of marine areas and prevention of pol- lated cases elsewhere, aid our understanding of the
lution requires sufficient legislation as well as links between marine pollution and human health.
institutional structures for implementation and The Pacific Rim demonstrates the need for re-
monitoring of international treaties and agree- gional and international cooperation towards sus-
ments. The Pacem in Maribus conference on tainable development. UNU research programs
Ocean Governance: National, Regional, Global: promote international collaboration to this end.
A Floating International University of Marine Science
in the Tropics
Leandro A. Viloria
University of the Philippines
Quezon City, Philippines
The tropical waters of the Philippine archi- institutions based in the Philippines- the ICLARM
pelago abound with the widest variety of marine and SEAFDEC.
life and aquatic resources. These treasures for all Aside from extending basic knowledge of tropi-
mankind are now endangered by misuse. cal marine science and aquatic resources, the pres-
A floating international university is proposed, ence of a community of scholars and scientists in
linked to two local educational/research networks: Philippine seas, under the auspices of Asian and
first, three Philippine universities with institutes Pan-Pacific university presidents, would have a
or centers on marine science, fisheries, and aquatic salutary effect on the efforts oflocal officials to pro-
resources; and second, two international research tect and conserve such endangered resources.
130 Poster Session Abstracts
The Department of Marine Sciences at
Chulalongkorn University
SupachaiYavaprabhas
Chulalongkorn University
Bangkok,Thailand
Founded in 1917 by H.M . King Vajiravudh University, or the Ministry of Science, Technology,
(Rama Vl ), Chulalongkorn University is the oldest and Environment. The Ministry's National Re-
university in Thailand. It was named in honor of search Council serves as a contact point for t he In-
King Rama V for it was in his reign that modern tergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (lOC)
education in Thailand began to develop. In suc- of UNESCO , whose regional body for the Western
ceeding years, Chulalongkorn University, or Chula Pacific will soon be established in Bangkok. In ad-
as it is more commonly known, has grown to be a dition, the Office ofthe Environmental Policy and
full-sized university offering over 270 study pro- Planning serves as a contact point for the UNEP
grams and producing over 100,000 graduates in and ASEAN Marine Science Program. At present,
various fields of specialization, one of which is ma- CU is engaged in more than ten international coop-
rine science offered at the Faculty of Science. erative projects in marine science.
Chulalongkorn University established the De- As part of its policy of internationalization-
partment of Marine Science in the Faculty of Sci- one of its priorities-Chula welcomes the possibil-
ence in 1968, offering the B.s. degree for studies in ity of broadening the scope of its cooperation with
marine biology and fisheries or in chemical and foreign institutions , thereby enhancing its aca-
physical oceanography. Five years later, a M.S. pro- demic expertise and intellectual capabilities in ac-
gram was established. Up to now, there have been cordance with international standards of quality.
204 B.S. and 104 M.S. graduates. A Ph.D. program This can be achieved under agreements
is in preparation , in which cooperative programs through various forms of cooperation such as aca-
with foreign universities are planned. demic exchanges and joint research projects. Hope-
International cooperation in marine science fully, these cooperative efforts will not only be
can be conducted under the coordination of either mutually beneficial, but will also contribute to the
the Office of International Affairs, Chulalongkorn worldwide body of knowledge.
Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific University Presidents 131
Participants
Dr. Syun-Ichi Akasofu, Director Dr. Kent Bridges, Associate Professor
Geophysical Institute Botany Department
University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Hawaii at Manoa
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA 3190 Maile Way
Phone: 907-474-7282 Honolulu, HI 96822-2279 USA
Fax: 907-474-5882 Phone: 808-956-6429
Internet: ffsia@aurora.alaska.edu Fax: 808-956-3923
Omnet: S.AKASOFU! Internet: kim@uhunix.uhcc.hawaii.edu
Dr. Vera Alexander, Dean Prof. Peter Brovko, Head
School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences Geography of Asia Pacific Countries Department
University of Alaska Fairbanks Far Eastern State University
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 USA ul. Sukhanova 8
Phone: 907-474-7531 690600 Vladivostock, Russia
Fax: 907-474-7204 Fax: 7-4232-257200
Internet: vera@ims.alaska.edu Telex: 213218 FESU SU
Telex: 7402055 SFOS UC
Omnet: VALEXANDER Dr. John A. Brownell, President Emeritus
California State University,
Dr. Douglas K. Barry, Acting Director Dominguez Hills
Alaska Center for International Business PO. Box 1334
University of Alaska Anchorage Pollock Pines, CA 95726 USA
3211 Providence Drive Phone: 916-644-2388
Anchorage, AK 99508-8246 USA Fax: 916-644-0733
Phone: 907-786-4300 Representing:
Fax: 907-786-4319 North American Council, International
Internet: afdkb@acad2.alaska.edu Association of University Presidents and the
President of California State University,
Dr. Richard Benner, Assistant Professor Sacramento
Geophysical Institute 6000 J Street
University of Alaska Fairbanks Sacramento, CA 95819-2694 USA
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA Phone: 916-278-7737
Phone: 907-474-6576 Fax: 916-278-6959
Fax: 907-474-7290
Dr. Keith Criddle, Assistant Professor
School of Management
University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK 99775-6080 USA
Phone: 907-474-5995
Fax: 907-474-5219
Internet: ffkrc@aurora.alaska.edu
132 Participants
Dr. Lawrence Duffy, Professor Mr. Terry Gacke, Technician
Institute of Arctic Biology Polar Ice Coring Office
University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA Fairbanks, AK 99775-7260 USA
Phone: 907-474-7525 Phone: 907-474-5585
Fax: 907-474-6967 Fax: 907-474-5582
Omnet: PICO .UAF
Prof. Georgy Elyakov, Vice President
Far Eastern Branch Dr. John Goering, Associate Director
Russian Academy of Sciences Institute of Marine Science
ul. Svetlanskaya 50 University of Alaska Fairbanks
690600 Vladivostock, Russia Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 USA
Phone: 7-4232-222528 Phone: 907-474-7895
Fax: 7-4232-228750 Fax: 907-474-7204
Internet: elyakov@piboc.marine.su Internet: ff.J.ig@aurora.alaska.edu
Telex: 213212 FEBAS SU Telex: 7402055 SFOS UC
Omnet: J.GOERING
Mr. Kevin Engle (graduate student)
Institute of Marine Science Prof. Praskovya Gogoleva, Chair
University of Alaska Fairbanks Department of Ecology
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 USA Yakutsk State University
Phone: 907-474-7747 ul. Belinskaya 58
Fax: 907-474-7204 677891 Republic Sakha (Yakutia) Yakutsk,
Internet: kevin@ims.alaska.edu Russia
Telex: 7402055 SFOS UC Phone: 7-095-61092
Omnet: ALASKA.INST Fax: 7-095-230-2929
Telex: 145126 LENASU
Dr. David Eslinger, Assistant Professor
Institute of Marine Science Dr. Raymond Highsmith, Director
University of Alaska Fairbanks West Coast National Underwater Research
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 USA Center
Phone: 907-474-7797 University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fax: 907-474-7204 Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 USA
Internet: eslinger@ims.alaska.edu Phone: 907-474-5874
Telex: 7402055 SFOS UC Fax: 907-474-5804
Omnet: D.ESLINGER Internet: ffrch1@aurora.alaska.edu
Telex: 7402055 SFOS UC
Dr. Elena Filimonova, Associate Director Omnet: R.HIGHSMITH
International Department
Far Eastern State University Professor Manuwadi Hungspreugs
ul. Sukhanova 8 Department of Marine Science
690600 Vladivostock, Russia Chulalongkorn University
Fax: 7-4232-257200 Phyathai Road
Telex: 213218 FESU SU Bangkok 10330 Thailand
Phone: 662-251-6968
Dr. Miguel D. Fortes, Professor Fax: 662-251-1951
Marine Science Institute
University of the Philippines
Diliman n01
Quezon City, Philippines
Phone : 632-989676 ext. 7414
Fax: 632-924-3735
Telex: 2231 UP DIL PU MSI
Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan- Pacific Un iversity Presidents 133
Prof. Viktor Ilyichev, Director Prof. N adezhda Khristophorova, Chair
Pacific Oceanological Institute Ecology Department
Far Eastern Branch Far Eastern State University
Russian Academy of Sciences ul. Sukhanova 8
ul. Baltiskaya 43 690600 Vladivostock, Russia
690041 Vladivostock, Russia Fax: 7-4232-257200
Phone: 7-4232-310666 Telex: 213218 FESU SU
Fax: 7-4232-224552
Internet: dva@adonis.ias.msk.su Vladimir Kurilov, President
Telex : 213238 DALPA Far Eastern State University
ul. Sukhanova 8
Dr. Aldona Jonaitis, Director 690600 Vladivostock, Russia
University of Alaska Museum Phone: 7-4232-261280
University of Alaska Fairbanks Fax: 7-4232-257200
Fairbanks, AK 99775-6960 USA Telex: 213218 FESU SU
Phone : 907-474-7505
Fax: 907-474-5469 Dr. Kosan Kusamran
Vice Rector for International Affairs
Dr. Mamoru Kawazoe King Mongkut's Institute of Technology
Associate Executive Director Ladkrabang
Research Development Bureau Chulongkrung Road,
Tokai University Educational System Ladkrabang District
2-28-4 Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku Bangkok 10520 Thailand
Tokyo 151 Japan Phone: 66-2-326-9157
Phone: 81-3-3467-2211 Fax: 66-2-326-7333
Fax: 81-3-3460-4515 Telex: 84967 INSMONG TH
Dr. Yury Kazakov, Director Dr. Paul LeBlond, Professor
Department of International Cooperation Department of Oceanography
Ministry of Protection of the Environment and University of British Columbia
Natural Resources 6270 University Boulevard
ul. B. Gruzinskaya 4/6 Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada
123812 Moscow, Russia Phone: 604-822-2496
Phone: 7 (095) 254 4638 Fax: 604-822-6091
Fax: 7 (095) 254 8283 Internet: p_leblond@mtsg.ubc.ca
Telex: 411692 BOREl SU Omnet: P.LEBLOND
Dr. John Kelley, Director Dr. Fucheng Li, Visiting Scientist
Polar Ice Coring Office Institute of Marine Science
Institute of Marine Science Polar Ice Coring Office
University of Alaska Fairbanks University of Alaska Fairbanks
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7260 USA Fairbanks, AK 99775-7260 USA
Phone: 907-474-5585 Phone : 907-474-5585
Fax: 907-474-5582 Fax: 907-474-5582
Om net: PICO.UAF Omnet: PICO.UAF
President Jerome B. Komisar President Tatsuro Matsumae
University of Alaska Tokai University Educational System
Fairbanks, AK 99775-5000 USA 2-28-4 Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku
Phone: 907-474-7311 Tokyo 151 Japan
Fax: 907-474-7570 Phone: 81-3-3467-2211
Fax: 81-3-3469-7992
134 Participants
President Kimikazu Matsuyama Prof. Valery Petrosyan, Rector
Kyushu Tokai University Open Ecological University, Professor
9-1-1, Toroku, Kumamoto-shi Department of Chemistry
Kumamoto 862 Japan Moscow State University
Phone: 81-96-382-1141 Leninskie Gory
Fax: 81-96-382-015 119899 Moscow, Russia
Phone: 7-095-939 5643
Ms. Susan McNeil Fax: 7-095-939 5546
Institute of Marine Science Internet: petros@organic.chem.msu.su
University of Alaska Fairbanks Telex: 411483 MGU SU
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 USA
Phone: 907-474-5926 Dr. Tony Pitcher, Director
Fax: 907-474-7204 Fisheries Centre
Telex: 7402055 SFOS UC University of British Columbia
Omnet: ALASKA.INST Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5 Canada
Phone: 604-822-2731
Mr. Larry Merculieff, City Manager Fax: 604-822-8934
City of St. Paul
P.O. Box 9001 Dr. Carol Reinisch, Chair
St. Paul Island, AK 99660 USA Department of Comparative Medicine
Phone: 907-546-2331 Tufts Veterinary School
Fax: 907-546-2365 200 Westboro Road
North Grafton, MA 01536 USA
President Yoshio Mihara Phone: 508-839-7949
Hokkaido Tokai University Fax: 508-839-7948
5- 1- 1-1 Minamisawa, Minami-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 005 Japan Prof. Toshibumi Sakata, Director
Phone: 81-11-571-5111 Research and Information Center
Fax: 81-11-571-6903 Tokai University
2- 28-4 Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku
Ms. Nina Mollett Tokyo 151 Japan
Department of Natural Resources Phone: 81-3-3481-0611
University of Alaska Fairbanks Fax: 81-3-3481-0610
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA Internet: 2423402 UNITOK J
Phone: 907-474-7768
Fax: 907-474-7439 Dr. Masanori Sakurai, Vice President
Internet: ftndm@aurora.alaska.edu Dohto University
149, Nakanosawa, Hiroshima-cho
Dr. Vijay Naidu, Pro Vice-Chancellor Sapporo-gun, Hokkaido Japan
University of the South Pacific Phone: 011-372-3111
POB 1168 Fax: 011-372-3542
Suva, Fiji
Phone: 679-313900 ext. 2053 Dr. Tsuneo Sato, Head
Fax: 679-302809 Social Work Class
Telex: 2276 USP FJ Dohto University
149, Nakanosawa, Hiroshima-cho
Professor Shiro Okabe Sapporo-gun, Hokkaido Japan
School of Marine Science and Technology Phone: 011-372-3111
Tokai University Fax: 011-372-3542
3-20-1. Orido, Shimizu-shi
Shizuoka 424 Japan
Phone: 81-543-34-0411
Fax: 81-543-34-0937
Fourth International Symposium of the Conference of Asian and Pan-Pacific University Presidents 135
Dr. David Shaw, Professor Professor Yasuhiro Sugimori
Institute of Marine Science School of Marine Science and Technology
University of Alaska Fairbanks Tokai University
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220 USA 3-20-1. Orido, Shimizu-shi
Phone: 907-474-7723 Shizuoka 424 Japan
Fax: 907-474-7204 Phone: 81-543-34-0411
Internet: ffdgs@aurora.alaska.edu Fax: 81-543-35-4155
Telex: 7408681 SHAW
Omnet: D.SHAW Dr. Mariya Tayurskaya, Senior Lecturer
Department of Foreign Languages
Professor Haruhisa Shimoda Yakutsk State University
School of Engineering ul. Belinskaya 58
Tokai University 677891 Republic Sakha (Yakutia) Yakutsk,
1117, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi Russia
Kanagawa 259-12 Japan Phone: 7-095-61092
Phone: 81-463-58-1211 Fax: 7-095-230-2929
Fax: 81-463-35-2456 Telex: 145126 LENA SU
Ms. Sherri Smith Professor Oktavii Tolstikhin
Institute of Arctic Biology Department of Ecology
University of Alaska Fairbanks Yakutsk State University
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA ul. Belinskaya 58
Phone: 907-474-7029 677891 Republic Sakha (Yakutia) Yakutsk,
Fax: 907-474-6967 Russia
Internet: ftslt1@aurora.alaska.edu Phone: 7-095-61092
Fax: 7-095-230-2929
Dr. Valery Stepanov, Assistant Professor Telex: 145126 LENASU
Department of Physics Theory
Yakutsk State University President Thomas Trotter
ul. Belinskaya 58 Alaska Pacific University
677891 Republic Sakha (Yakutia) Yakutsk, 4101 University Drive
Russia Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
Phone: 7-095-61092 Phone: 907-564-8220
Fax: 7-095-230-2929 Fax: 907-562-4276
Telex: 145126 LENA SU
Professor Hirohisa Uchida
Dr. William Stringer, Professor School of Engineering
Geophysical Institute Tokai University
University of Alaska Fairbanks 1117, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7320 USA Kanagawa 259-12 Japan
Phone: 907-474-7455 Phone: 81-463-58-1211
Fax: 907-474-7290 Fax: 81-463-58-1812
Omnet: GEOPH.INST.FBK
Dr. Juha Uitto, Academic Officer
Prof. Jose Stuardo, Director The United Nations University
Department of Oceanography 5-53-70, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku
Universidad de Concepci6n Tokyo 150 Japan
Casilla 2407, Correo 10 Phone: 81-3-3499-2811
Concepcion, Chile Fax: 81-3-3499-2828
Phone: 56-41-234985 ext. 2502 Telex: 25442 J
Fax: 56-41-242546
Internet: jstuardo@halcon.dpi.udec.cl
136 Participants
Dr. Leandro Viloria, Professor Dr. Supachai Yavaprabhas, Associate Professor
School of Urban and Regional Planning Office of International Affairs
University of the Philippines Chulalongkorn University
Diliman Phyathai Road
Quezon City 1101 Philippines Bangkok 10330 Thailand
Phone: 632-971637 Phone: 662-215-3648
Fax: 632-983595 Fax: 662-216-1299
Mr. Takashi Watanabe, Section Chief Ms. Teiko Yokohata
International Division International Division
Tokai University Educational System Tokai University Educational System
2-28-4 Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku 2-28-4 Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku
Tokyo 151 Japan Tokyo 151 Japan
Phone: 81-3-3469-6709 Phone: 81-3-3469-6709
Fax: 81-3-3467-0197 Fax: 81-3-3467-0197
Dr. Robert White, Director Dr. Shoji Yoshida, Director General
Institute of Arctic Biology Research Development Bureau
University of Alaska Fairbanks Tokai University Educational System
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7000 USA 2-28-4 Tomigaya, Shibuya-ku
Phone: 907-474-7648 Tokyo 151 Japan
Fax: 907-474-6967 Phone: 81-3-3467-2211
Internet: ffrgw@aurora.alaska.edu Fax: 81-3-3485-4959
Professor Warren Wooster Dr. David Yount
School of Marine Affairs HF-05 Vice President for Research and Graduate
University of Washington Education
Seattle, WA 98195 USA University of Hawaii at Manoa
Phone: 206-685-2497 2444 Dole Street
Fax: 206-543-1417 Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
Omnet: W.WOOSTER Phone: 808-956-7651
Fax: 808-956-9797
Prof. Xu Mingzhi, Vice President
Fudan University Prof. Valery Zautkin, First Vice President
220 Handan Road Far Eastern State Technical University
Shanghai 200433 ul. Pushkinskaya 10
China 690600 Vladivostock, Russia
Phone: 86-21-549-1128 Phone: 7-4232-265558
Fax: 86-21-3999843 Fax: 7-4232-266988
Internet: root@dpicnit.marine.su
Mr. Nguyen Si Xung, Assistant Director-General Telex: 213202 PTECH SU
Institute for International Relations
Hanoi, Vietnam
Phone: 84-4-44194
Fax: 84-4-343543
Dr. Kiyoshi Yamada, Assistant Professor
School of Humanities and Culture
Tokai University
1117, Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi
Kanagawa 259-12 Japan
Phone: 81-463-58-1211
Fax: 81-463-35-2456
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