Cooperative Technology Agreement to a Low Carbon Future

Cooperative Technology Agreement to a Low Carbon Future Fei TENG Tsinghua University Trend of Per Capita Emission Emission Per Capita tCO2/person GDP per capita in $/person Bali Roadmap Long-term goal Adaptation Mitigation Technology development and transfer Finance and investment 3 Geocapacity EU projects • GESTCO – GEological Storage of CO2 2000-2003 • Geocapacity 2006-2009 • COACH – Cooperation Action within CCS China-EU 2006-2009 • NZEC – Near Zero Emissions from Coal 2007-2009 Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) • EU-China Joint Declaration (Sept. 2005, EU-China Summit) "We will aim to achieve the following co-operation goals by 2020: • To develop and demonstrate in China and the EU advanced, near-zero emissions coal technology through carbon capture and storage; • To reduce significantly the cost of key energy technologies and promote their deployment and dissemination." • Signature of the EC-China Memorandum of Understanding ( Feb. 2006, EU-China Energy Conference) Carbon dioxide sources in China WP6 – International cooperation and capacity building lead:BRGM WP 6.1 Initiation of technology transfer in China Focusing on one province with large CO2 point sources and investigate the storage potential 地质 埋存 潜力 WP 6.2 Framework for international cooperation Establish communication links between GeoCapacity and CSLF countries to initiate the technology transfer Mapping of CO2 sources (with HC fields) ArcGis screen shot Power plants Iron and Steel Ammonia Cement Refineries Jizhong Depression • 43 oil & gas fields in Jizhong Depression including 23 buried hill oil fields and some tertiary oil fields. Renqiu Oilfield: buried hill oil fields with larger thickness (average 272m) but lower porosity (3%-5%). The proven OOIP of Renqiu oilfield is 376 Mt oil and 2.3 billion m3 gas. • • > 11 Gas & oil reserves and related CO2 capacity Name Gas_Bm3 Oil_Mm3 CO2_gas_MTCO2_oil_Mt CO2_tot_Mt Chahejji 59.10 0.00 59.07 59.07 Suqiao 15.63 23.80 30.67 17.12 47.79 Dawangzhuang 42.80 0.00 33.05 33.05 Liuquan 30.70 0.00 32.97 32.97 • Liubei 37.40 0.00 25.65 25.65 Hexiwu 19.00 0.00 22.19 22.19 Bieguzhuang 25.60 0.00 20.25 20.25 Yanling 32.11 0.00 20.21 20.21 • Suning 24.50 0.00 19.53 19.53 Mozhou 21.50 0.00 15.52 15.52 Guxinzhuang 5.95 14.02 0.00 14.02 Gaoyang 16.60 0.00 10.85 10.85 • Liuchu 16.60 0.00 10.75 10.75 Wenan 14.30 0.00 10.74 10.74 Longhuzhuang 13.60 0.00 8.96 8.96 Shenxi 8.50 0.00 8.66 8.66 • Balizhuangxi 12.00 0.00 8.28 8.28 Nanmeng 11.50 0.00 7.53 7.53 Hezhuangxi 3.85 0.00 5.48 5.48 Yongqing 1.39 5.10 0.00 5.10 Balizhuang 4.63 0.00 2.98 2.98 Hejian 4.37 0.00 2.97 2.97 Xuezhuang 2.72 0.00 1.79 1.79 Hezhuang 1.16 0.00 0.93 0.93 Total 22.97 426.34 49.79 345.46 395.25 Minimum≠0 1.39 1.16 5.10 0.93 0.93 Maximum 15.63 59.10 30.67 59.07 59.07 Renqiu excepted Calculation @reservoir conditions from total proven reserves OOIP, OGIP using oil density, FVF, and CO2 density COACH COACH – Bohai basin Bohai Basin CO2 Sources CO2 Estimated (Mt) 0.100326 - 0.397000 0.397001 - 0.722700 0.722701 - 1.095000 1.095001 - 1.631050 1.631051 - 2.508150 2.508151 - 4.180250 4.180251 - 6.270375 6.270376 - 8.778525 8.778526 - 15.884949 15.884950 - 44.143438 # Capital_pop.>100000 Hydrocarbon Fields HC_Type Gas Oil 0 150 Kilometers 300 CO2 sources: IEA 2006, Basin and region outlines www.USGS.gov and oil and gas field outlines from Geocarto International Ltd. 1988 COACH work-packages (1) • WP1/ Knowledge sharing and capacity building (IFP & TU) organisation of workshops, information exchange and dissemination, mobility scheme and education WP2/ Capture technologies (SINTEF-ER & TPRI) inventory of options, concept study of coal based plants, polygeneration, CO2 transfer conditions WP3/ Geological storage and large scale use of CO2 (GEUS & TU) assessment of geol. storage capacity of a selected basin, GIS (geographic information system) mapping of geology and source points, storage selection criteria • • COACH work-packages (2) • WP4/ Recommendations and guidelines (BP & ACCA21) options for Chinese European demonstration projects, recommendations for future work, strategic cooperation and knowledge transfer opportunities WP5/ Project management (IFP) Legal-administrative-financial management WP6/ Overview, monitoring & reporting of Chinese European MoU activities Chinese European seminars, dissemination, editing of synthesis reports, communication to the public • • Project Focus COACH project focus: – Facilitate and advance China-EU cooperation in the field of CCS and to contribute to the future practical implementation of carbon capture and storage technologies in China – To facilitate strategically important cooperation initiatives with China – To stimulate cooperation through established international cooperation frameworks – To enable the implementation of clean coal power technologies with option for hydrogen production – Prepare for large-scale polygeneration with CCS; coal gasification, improved power cycles using hydrogen fuel; identification of reliable sources of CO2 for capture, long-term geological storage and enhanced oil or gas recovery, to provide a roadmap for large-scale polygeneration – Societal anchorage; public acceptance, legal and regulatory aspects, funding mechanisms A three phase program • Phase 1 / COACH / 2006 – 2009 – Feasibility, benchmarking of technologies, recommendations for site selection and technologies – 3 year project, started 1st November 2006 • Phase 2 / 2010 – 2011 – Design • Phase 3 / 2012 – 2015 – Implementation A Strong Partnership MOST Shell RIPED IGGCAS COACH data collection • • • CO2 emission ‘point sources’ greater than 100 million tonnes per year in Shandong province Hydrocarbon field storage – potential for storage in Dagang oil complex (Tianjin Province) Aquifer storage - potential aquifer storage in Jiyang depression (near Shengli oilfield) in Shandong Province Coal field suitability for Enhanced Coalbed Methane (ECBM) recovery and storage in Kailuan Coalfield (Hebei Province) • NEZC Near Zero Emissions from Coal (NZEC) A collaborative project between Chinese and UK experts to: – build capacity in China to determine the best options for carbon dioxide capture, transport and geological storage – examine the potential for the development and demonstration of CCS technology in China and its deployment in the future Phased Approach Phase 1 Explore options for CCS with Assessment stage: coal fired power in China complete by late 2009 Detailed design of identified project(s) Construct and operate demonstration project Definition stage: 1-2 years by 2010-11 Execution stage: 3-4 years by 2014 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 1 Objectives • Enable knowledge transfer between China and UK • Model future energy requirements of China, taking account of CCS technology • Produce case studies of potential carbon capture technology • Build capacity in China for evaluation of CO2 storage potential • Identify potential sites for geological storage of CO2 • Establish technical and policy options for CCS Work Packages • WP1 – Knowledge Sharing & Capacity Building • WP2 – Future Energy Technology Perspectives • WP3 – Case Studies for Carbon Capture • WP4 – Carbon Storage Potential • WP5 – Policy Assessment WP5 Objectives • To identify the non-technical barriers to the widespread adoption of CCS technologies in China • To explore the short-term options for a CCS demonstration plant (by 2015) • To identify options for the longer-term deployment of CCS in China’s power sector WP5 Activities • Draw on results from other work packages • Socio-economic modelling • Stakeholder consultation • Sustainability assessment • Close co-operation with COACH, STRACO2 APP Cleaner Fossil Energy Task Force CO2 Capture and Storage Program USC PC/CCS Near Zero Emissions Workshop and Design Guides for APP Countries Ultra Clean Coal Project Oxy-Fuel Combustion Program and Working Group Callide-A Oxy-Fuel Demonstration Project* Assessing Post-Combustion Capture Technologies for Emissions from Coal-Fired Power Stations* IGCC with Carbon Capture and Storage Workshop, and Design Information for APP Country Coals Asia-Pacific Gas Market Growth Evaluating and Reducing Emissions in Producing, Processing and Transporting Natural Gas Information Exchange on LNG Public Education Campaigns Asia-Pacific Gas Hydrate Cooperation Costs and Diffusion Barriers to Deployment of Low Emissions Technologies for APP CO2 Enhanced Coal Bed Methane (CSIRO-JCOAL–ECBM) Development of Advanced Adsorption Process Technologies for Pre-Combustion Capture of CO2 in IGCC Coal Gasification Performance Assessments for Low Emissions IGCC Systems Cooperative R&D on Cleaner Fossil Energy Guidelines for Safe and Effective Carbon Capture and Storage: Building Regulatory Capacity Capacity Building, Education and Training Workshop UCC Technology Establishing AWG Demonstration PCC demostration Workshop Market analysis Potential analysis Information exchange Information Sharing Barrier study Replicate trial in Austrilia Capture system design Joint research Joint research Capacity Building Conclusion Role of international technology policy • Given central role that will have to be played by private investment in reaction to GHG mitigation policy, what is the role of “technology policy”? – innovation policy (knowledge flows) – deployment policy (equipment flows) • Reducing barriers to private action – trade distortions and intellectual property rights (IPR) • Public sector investment where private incentives are insufficient to meet climate/energy goals – international development assistance and RD&D Existing technology-oriented agreements Type 1: 1. Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum and the Knowledge sharing International Platform on the Hydrogen Economy and coordination 2. Methane to Markets Partnership 3. Task sharing within IEA Implementing Agreements 4. Asia-Pacific Partnership on Clean Development and Climate 5. Energy Star bilateral agreements 1. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) 2. ITER fusion reactor 3. Cost sharing within IEA Implementing Agreements 4. The Solvent Refined Coal II Demonstration Project Type 3: 1. Multilateral Fund under the Montreal Protocol Technology transfer 2. Global Environment Facility Type 4: Technology incentives, mandates, standards 1. International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) 2. European Union Renewables Directive Type 2: RD&D Source: DeConinck, Fischer, Newell, and Ueno (2007). Technology transfer and low carbon investment 技术转让 Technology transfer 学习曲线 Learning curve • • • 累积容量 Accumulated Making the low carbon technology capacity competitive is the precondition to develop low carbon infrastructure in large scale. Technology transfer, revenue from carbon market and domestic incentive policy can increase the competitiveness of low carbon technologies. Creative institution design is crucial to overcome the institutional and financial barriers of low carbon infrastructure development 单位成本 Unit cost Thank you for your attention tengfei@tsinghua.edu.cn