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SHPO 4th QUARTER REPORT: OCTOBER-DECEMBER 2008 Customer Service A total of 501 properties were added to the archaeological inventory, and information on 93 properties was updated during this quarter. A total of 81 record searches/repository visits have occurred this quarter. This included major searches for the Gateway and Sunstone energy projects. It also included continued work with Panhandle National Forest in clarifying ownership of their archaeological sites and enhancing their records of those sites. Glenda helped the Bureau of Reclamation evaluate their holdings at the ASIWestern Repository. Glenda and Suzi continued to teleconference with Advisory Council staff and the archaeologist at the BLM Cottonwood Field Office regarding a proposed project on and around St. Joe Baldy, an area of traditional importance to the Coeur d'Alene Tribe. Largely due to the persistence of Catherine and the assistance of a current temporary employee, Ericha Sappington, all artifacts for Boise County have been removed from the non-climate-controlled storage at the Old Penitentiary. With Ericha's further assistance and that of three expected Boise State University student interns, these collections will be processed and placed in proper storage next quarter. Two more major collections remain at the Old Penitentiary: Washington County and the Hells Canyon collections. Don presented a slide show on Idaho’s historic bridges to a highly appreciative audience in McCall in October. The talk was part of the McCall Public Library’s ongoing public outreach/education effort. Don presented the ever-popular talk, “Weird and Wacky Historic Sites of Idaho,” to the Idaho Archaeological Society in October. Don conducted several tours of the Old U.S. Assay Office to local Boy Scout troops for their merit badge programs. Don consulted onsite with the Bureau of Reclamation staff regarding proposed modifications of Minidoka Dam. Unfortunately, it appears that the plan is to build a new dam/spillway complex immediately adjacent to the existing historic property which will result in dismantling of the existing gates and immersion of the lower section; thus an “adverse effect” under the 106 regs. We are continuing to work with USBR to devise appropriate mitigation measures.
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Don reviewed approximately 115 sites for Section 106 eligibility and effect determinations for Idaho Transportation Department projects this quarter. Other federal agency 106 projects that Don reviewed included Mountain Home AFB, Idaho Power projects (FERC), U.S. Forest Service, HUD/FHA, and Gowen Field. Don and Suzi also consulted with Idaho State Parks and Recreation regarding ongoing development of Bayhorse and Harriman State Park projects. Aside from routine inquiries about the Tax Act program, Don reviewed the final Part 3 certification request for the Beardmore Building (Priest River) and submitted it to the National Park Service. Tricia conducted the Fall meeting of the Idaho State Historic Sites Review Board. The Board reviewed six nominations: Nordby Farmstead – Latah County Arthur Snow House – Latah County The Hat – Canyon County Salmon Falls Dam – Twin Falls County Eben Chase House – Blaine County Idaho Falls Downtown Historic District – Bonneville County
The Review Board approved five of the nominations for forwarding to the Keeper and asked that one (The Hat – Canyon County) be returned for revisions and additional information. Tricia helped the Idaho Heritage Trust review their annual grants to evaluate projects for compliance with the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards. Tricia and Don met with property owners in Idaho Falls to present information and answer questions about the proposed Idaho Falls Downtown Historic District. Tricia presented the Weird and Wacky program to a group of about 50 Boise Outdoor Club members, and 30 people at the Bruneau Valley Library and led a historic architecture walking tour on Harrison Boulevard for a local Girl Scout chapter. Belinda added 268 properties – representing approximately 1,120 acres surveyed – to the Idaho Historic Sites Inventory (IHSI) and incorporated updated site information submitted for resurveyed properties, including archival processing of photographic material. Mary Anne met several times with editing partners for Project Archaeology draft review. Three chapters have been reviewed, four to go. She will send off draft by February 13.
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Mary Anne met with personnel from Salmon-Challis NF regarding the proposed Forest travel management plan and with the Caribou-Targhee NF Dubois District Ranger to review heritage program changes and discuss proposed projects on the Forest. She continued to review USFS and WFLH projects and prepared first batch for entry in data base (completed by Catherine). Mary Anne created and completed customer service survey for the Idaho SHPO using Survey Monkey program. Her report will be produced by end of February. Mary Anne co-organized Idaho Archaeological Society annual conference held in Pocatello. Mary Anne began organizing Idaho Archaeology and Historic Preservation Month for May 2009 and supervised Shelby for digital photo contest. Mary Anne completed her review on Idaho Panhandle NF Recreation Residence PA and prepared summary for ISHS director for review. Suzi and Don met with Idaho Department of Parks and Recreation as the ISHS representatives on the team developing the general management plan for Land of the Yankee Fork State Park. Suzi attended the Idaho Professional Archaeologists Council meeting in Pocatello as the IPAC board’s member-at-large and presented a paper at the Idaho Archaeological Society meeting in Pocatello in October. Suzi attended a meeting of the Idaho Chapter of the Lewis and Clark Foundation in October, where discussions centered on the upcoming national meeting for the Foundation that will be held in Lewiston. Suzi assisted Keith Petersen with the legislators’ North Idaho Tour. Shelby managed and edited the SHPO website; helped consultants use the facilities for file searches; and performed data entry into the Report and Rev databases. In November Suzi and Travis met with Marc (ITD) regarding the Sandpoint North South monitoring plan. In December Don and Travis met at ITD for a teleconference with SHPO, ITD cultural, ITD engineers and ITD contractors regarding the Pleasant Valley Creek Bridge project. SHPO staff conducted many reviews under Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act. Shelby reviewed and commented on 68 projects and/or reports and Travis completed reviews for 21 ITD projects, 8 COE projects, 2 Idaho Dept. of Lands projects, and 6 Cell Tower projects and one miscellaneous review for the
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Department of Interior (38 total reviews). The total counts are not available, as the information has yet to be entered into the databases. Ken provided archaeological field training to a group of gifted students from Jenifer Junior High in Lewiston. Ken conferred with archaeologists performing site testing for the AREVA project near Idaho Falls. Ken and Suzi prepared comments for Idaho Power’s Historic Properties Management Plan for the Hells Canyon Hydroelectric Complex. Ken worked with Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the Nez Perce Trail Foundations over interpretive signage at archaeological/paleontological sites at Tolo Lake and Camas Meadows. Ken scheduled (and rescheduled) a Nez Perce THPO inspection of the High Bar textiles cache in Hells Canyon prior to planned data recovery. He completed an ASI site record for the property. Ken conferred with Dr. Margaret Streeter at BSU over a protocol for transferring unaffiliated, non-native historic human skeletal material to the Dept. of Anthropology. The Walters Ferry skeletons were transferred to her lab for DNA analyses and a final forensics report. Ken opened negotiations with Dr. Dennis Stanford of the Smithsonian to have casts made of the first professionally curated archaeological specimen from Idaho – the Fort Lapwai Clovis point. Ken chaired the Board meeting of the Archaeological Survey of Idaho and conferred with ISU staff over a proposed statewide database for collections Ken attended the Idaho Professional Archaeological Council and presented a paper at the Idaho Archaeological Society meetings in Pocatello.
Funding and Organizational Development Ken met with the ISHS leadership team several times during the past quarter to plan departmental responses to the fiscal crisis. Suzi was assigned to oversee management of the physical aspects of the ISHS’ historic sites: Old Pen, Assay Office, Bureau of Reclamation building, Stricker, Franklin, and Pierce. Programming and museum aspects of the sites will be overseen by Jody Ochoa. Meetings are ongoing to work out details of the transition and new organization.
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Don completed the revision of the statewide historic preservation plan (A View to the Future), and submitted it to the National Park Service. The plan was approved by NPS in December. As a result of diligent work over the past three months by the office specialists and Belinda, all IHSI records for the following counties were successfully scanned, scans reviewed, records prepared for archival storage (with appropriate database record-keeping), and CDs distributed to Archaeological Survey of Idaho for incorporation into the record-search system: Canyon County Shoshone County Twin Falls County Washington County To date, site records for eight (8) counties have been scanned and are now electronically available. This represents approximately 16,025 of the 26,606 total site records thus far, or a little over 60%. Belinda regularly assisted in and monitored the daily progress of the office specialists on the scanning of IHSI documents, including reviewing for accuracy the work performed; prepared the IHSI documents for scanning, which involved culling the site photographs from the survey files to incorporate into the site records before scanning of the records occurred; transferred the PDF-scanned documents from the scanner computer to the master computer for review, and performed the necessary review of each PDF file for accuracy and completeness; prepared the scanned hard-copy documents for permanent archival storage at PARL; arranged for and oversaw the transfer of records to Idaho State Archives for storage; and digitized in ArcView GIS site locations and linear sites, as needed. Ken and Suzi prepared a grant proposal to the American Battlefield Protection Program to begin planning for the long term preservation of the Bear River Massacre National Historic Landmark. Unfortunately, tribal partners failed to submit their statements of support in time to meet this year’s deadline.
Training Shelby and Suzi attended the Computer Security training facilitated by the State of Idaho. In October Travis presented Geography, Anadromy, and the Winter Village Pattern on the Snake River during the Late Holocene, co-authored by Ken Reid and myself, at the symposium “Beyond the Fringe: Archaeological Perspectives on Interactions between Great Basin Peoples and their Neighbors,” organized by
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David Rhode for the 31st Biennial Great Basin Anthropological Conference, Portland. Ken co-authored three presentations at the above conference.
Internal Communication Shelby continued facilitating the Office Max ordering for SHPO staff; persevered as the media liaison between the SHPO staff and ISHS admin, writing, editing, and assisting with the media releases for SHPO’s news worthy events; joined the communications committee and the Mad Scientists brainstorming committee and helped facilitate selling ISHS items; attended the anniversary celebration for the Oral History Center; continued to assist Ken with PowerPoint; and continued to coordinate the digital photography contest to accompany the 2009 Archaeology and Preservation Month. She managed the jury process, sent out results, sent out press releases, compiled images and continues to coordinate the event with the museum staff.
First Quarter 2009 Goals Customer Service Continue day-to-day operations: reviewing 106 projects, providing technical assistance to federal, state, and local agencies and the general public, processing tax incentives inquiries and applications. Consult with NPS (Craters of the Moon) regarding solar power installations at the park. Continue re-organizing slide files and converting to digital images for future educational and training programs. Begin transfer of old architectural plans to PARL collections. Present handicap accessibility issues for historic buildings, ADA compliance, etc. to Caldwell Planning & Zoning Commission. Continue making substantial progress on the backlog of IHSI accessions. Post on the ISHS website a description of the process for naming geographic features and requesting highway historical markers.
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Suzi will participate in partnership planning for the 2009 and 2010 Pacific Northwest Preservation field schools and associated training and workshops. Benefits of the partnership are many. The University of Oregon has expressed interest in bringing students to Boise to begin assessing the condition of the buildings at the Old Pen. The preservation team from North Cascades National Park has also agreed to travel to Boise to conduct a small workshop on repairing historic wood windows at the Old Pen, where there is no shortage of windows needing repair.
Meet with the Idaho County Commissioners in Grangeville regarding listing the Tolo Lake site in the NRHP, and in the afternoon we will meet with the Idaho County Historic Preservation Commission – and hopefully the Tolo Lake property owners ‐ to further discuss the project and process. (Also: liaise with Rod House at PARL over records pickups while traveling between Grangeville & Moscow.)
Continue planning for Idaho Archaeology and Historic Preservation Month May 2009 with the theme: Idaho’s New Deal: WPA and CCC in Idaho. Meet with Washington County CLG on Indian Valley archaeological survey.
Funding and Organizational Development Continue to work with the office specialists on furthering the progress of the Transportation Enhancement (TE) digital upgrade project. Complete report for Customer Service Survey. Solicit funding support from the Idaho mining industry for publication of the camera ready Mining Context.
Training
Shelby and Suzi will take an 8 week on-line course to learn Adobe Illustrator Solicit nominations for American Association of State and Local History program. Participate in Central Washington University’s field school in cultural geography at High Bar, and in data recovery of the native/prehistoric textiles cache.
Meet with Rodney Frey’s class at U of I to provide information and training on how to prepare a National Register of Historic Places nomination; Rodney has been working with the Latah County CLG to pursue the common goal of recognizing and preserving historic properties in Latah County.
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Internal Communication Suzi will work with Mike Waybright, Roy Doan, and Jody to set forth goals for the rest of this year and begin developing a work plan for next year. This effort will be ongoing--and difficult with funding uncertainties.
Respectfully submitted,
_________________________ Ken Reid, SHPO Administrator
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Name of CLG
Ada County
Adams County
American Falls
Boise
Caldwell
Hailey
Idaho City
Idaho County
Idaho Falls
Ketchum Kootenai County
Latah County
Completed CLG Grants FY08 Amount Product Awarded Printed 1,000 copies of “Schick-Ostolasa Farmstead Historic Site brochure“and 100 copies $3,700 of “County Treasure” brochure, conducted reconnaissance survey of 33 properties 2 HPC members attended CLG training in 2,500 Moscow, completed plumbing plans for historic Adams Court House. Printed 2,500 copies of “Historic Places of 2,913 American Falls, Idaho” and 2,000 copies of “We Have Come A Long Way”; purchased archival supplies. 5,750 Prepared final draft of “Design Guidelines for Commercial Historic Districts” Prepared National Register nomination for “the 2,335 Hat”, depot for the Interurban Rail Way Station; two HPC members attended the Modernism in the Northwest conference; memberships in preservation organizations 3,027 Prepared National Register nomination for the Snider House, conduct intensive survey for the Rialto Hotel 2,000 Prepared structural engineering report for the IOOF Hall Produced 1,000 copies of a multi-page tour 4,875 booklet for properties listed in the National Register Reprinted 1,000 copies each of Ridge Ave. and 5,500 11th St. brochures, printed 1,000 copies of calendar, conducted tour of residential neighborhood during preservation month, two members attended Modernism Conference in Boise, prepared draft of downtown National Register nomination, and held monthly HPC meetings 2,600 Prepared a master plan for the Forest Service Administrative Site now owned by the City 3,500 Architect prepared plans for restoration of historic Kootenai County Jail in Rathdrum Prepared two National Register nominations for 4,750 agricultural properties under the MPD, worked with students from U of I to prepare nomination for property in Troy
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Nampa Owyhee Co. Pocatello Rupert
3,500 3,000 2,119 2,578
Twin Falls City
4,886
Twin Falls County Weiser Total
5,500 4,600 $69,633
Conducted a reconnaissance survey for 452 properties around downtown Nampa. Prepared survey forms for four mining sites One member attended NAPC Forum, administration Intensive survey of DeMary library and French Apts. Writing and printing 5,000 copies of the new Warehouse Historic District brochure; reprinting 2,500 copies of Downtown Historic Dist., 5,000 copies of the Original Town Site brochure, and 2,500 for the City Park brochure. National Register nomination for Salmon Falls Dam and related public education materials Purchased restroom fixtures for Pythian Castle
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FY09 CLG Grants
CLG Ada Co. Adams Co. Boise Caldwell Hailey Idaho City Idaho Co. Idaho Falls Kootenai Co. Latah Co.
Awarded Amt. 5,250 2,500 5,000 3,200 4,000 3,000 3,000 5,000 3,000 8,000
McCall Nampa Pocatello Rupert Twin Falls City Twin Falls Co.
1,050 3,500 4,000 2,500 6,000 3,500
County Treasures Awards, Irrigation interpretation, Cultural Atlas, Sears Kit Homes Survey Archaeological sites, web site Update preservation plan Dorsey Homes survey, revise walking tour Intensive survey for rodeo grounds, admin Construction on IOOF Hall Tolo Lake survey/National Register nomination Don Rypkema lecture with Pocatello, Leadership training, administration Plan for Archaeological Properties, training National Register nominations for Troy Commercial District, Bovill Opera House, Hatley Barn, Cox Barn Expand SITPA National Register district Survey Roosevelt Neighborhood, NR if possible Admin, Walking Tour brochures, Don Rypkema lecture with IF, Calendars Expansion of Historic District (French Apts.) Architectural assistance to property owners Survey Agricultural properties
FY09 CLG Grants
CLG Ada Co. Adams Co. Boise Caldwell Hailey Idaho City Idaho Co. Idaho Falls
Awarded Amt. 5,250 2,500 5,000 3,200 4,000 3,000 3,000 5,000
County Treasures Awards, Irrigation interpretation, Cultural Atlas, Sears Kit Homes Survey Archaeological sites, web site Update preservation plan Dorsey Homes survey, revise walking tour Intensive survey for rodeo grounds, admin Construction on IOOF Hall Tolo Lake survey/National Register nomination Don Rypkema lecture with Pocatello, Leadership
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Kootenai Co. Latah Co.
3,000 8,000
McCall Nampa Pocatello Rupert Twin Falls City Twin Falls Co.
1,050 3,500 4,000 2,500 6,000 3,500
training, administration Plan for Archaeological Properties, training National Register nominations for Troy Commercial District, Bovill Opera House, Hatley Barn, Cox Barn Expand SITPA National Register district Survey Roosevelt Neighborhood, NR if possible Admin, Walking Tour brochures, Don Rypkema lecture with IF, Calendars Expansion of Historic District (French Apts.) Architectural assistance to property owners Survey Agricultural properties
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PHOTO: KEN REID
In the field, the contract archaeologist is both boo keeper with rules to follow and a metaphysician contemplating cultures and nature that do not always follow the rulebook.
by Ken Reid
We climb steadily through the rain all morning. A low pressure sys tem out of Nevada sags over us for the tenth straight day and we've long since given up trying to keep our feet dry. Last night I warmed a candle stump and worked the wax into my hat, but the rain finds its way through anyway. At least we had enough foresight to laminate the maps before we left Pullman. We're in the northern Subletts, a fault-blocked range not far north of ancient Lake Bonneville, close to where Idaho T-bones out of Ne vada and Utah. It's new country for us and we're still a little wary of the openness, or the emptiness. The narrow, rain shrouded ridges of this treeless federal forest look lean and tawny under a belt of gray green sagebrush. It reminded Jim of the tundra, without mosqUitoes. Then on the third morning we woke up lumpy with ticks. The Forest Service gave itself a deadline to reauthorize all their grazing permits, and our job is to find sites before the cattle start moving upslope. We're on a tight schedule. It means hiking a hun dred miles in twelve days, piecing together a representative sample of sites, then summarizing it all in sound and sober prose. They expect the draft report thirty days after we break camp. We're above six thousand feet, but there is still no sign of tim berline. We pass occasional pockets of fir huddled on the northern slopes, darker blurs in the sepia monochrome. I imagine Oregon's Blue Mountains looking like this before the forests began to expand forty-five centuries ago. By now we realize each side canyon will end at another spring, with a scatter of black obsidian and white chert under the dripping aspens. But we concentrate on the ground in front of us. This is a close-in terval inventory survey; there's not supposed to be more than thirty meters between us. We plotted out our transects the night before and we stick to them, except where we have to pick our way around dirty swaths of old snow. Everywhere else the loose loess earth has been burrowed and heaped up by ground squirrels and badgers. A century of overgrazing has created cover conditions where the rodents flour ish. In some tracts they reach densities of more than fifteen thousand per square mile. Local ranchers call them sage rats or picket-pin gophers, and complain about cows breaking legs in their burrows. Back in the library, while trying to learn something else, I will discover the Shoshone word for them is zip, which perfectly describes their move ments. They torpedo around beneath our feet, scattering artifacts in all directions, always leaving some of the wreckage for us to find at burrow openings. As we climb, I try to fit the aboriginals into one of the standard subsistence slots but I finally give up: we're too far east for salmon, too far north for pinyon seeds, too far west for maize and bison, maybe even too far south for camas. I assume they came here only in summer, but when I get a few pages past zip I will read that a
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surviving informant remembered winters so hard they sometimes ate one another. Later in the morning, at the confluence of two swollen streams where federal, state, and private lands converge, I stand sodden and shivering in the dim light, looking down at a ground squirrel's backdirt pile, my eyes arguing with each other as they try to focus on a small white smudge: squirrel vertebra or artifact? I bend achingly over and pick up a chert arrow point, smooth and shiny as porcelain, impact fractured at the tip, notched in three places along the blade and again at the base. Desert side-notched, Sierra subtype, I think, chipped by some Shoshone showoff within the last six hundred years. We layout our next transect parallel to the rancher's fence line, grateful for inholdings in this weather. Not all our colleagues would agree. Back in the midwest where public lands are scarce, a freshly tenured visionary wants us to lobby for surveys of all private land in the country. And catalog all the artifacts too. Jim says it sounds like a good way to get shot. I remind him that academics have solved the problem of how to stay dry while they earn money. Another professor in Seattle thinks some version of an agricultural rock picker could inventory the landscape more efficiently than we can. Not only that, "their biases can be calibni.ted in ways that are difficult to do for human beings." I quote from memory. Jim asks what an agricultural rock picker looks like . I describe an H. G. Wells contraption, huge treads and bogie wheels and long metal articulated arms with claws and pincers for seizing potsherds and hearthstones . Then I imagine a column of them clank ing up the slope, some grad student with a survey warrant cowering behind the armor plate. Jim says I need to have my biases calibrated. I drop the arrow point down the squirrel burrow and make a mark on the map. We unpack our sandwiches beneath an isolated pine, a great ponderosa looming over the scattered junipers and sage. The bag of potato chips has swollen tight as a blister with our gain in altitude. We sit surrounded by a dense cluster of obsidian flakes, some of them lying in little heaps as if the knapper had just left. I turn and press my face against the thick corrugated bark, sniffing for the faint scent of vanilla, imagining the pine as a seedling when the flakes were chipped. We can record this one while we eat. A site is an abstraction, a bit of metaphysics where what is there to be found intersects with how much time you spend looking for it. More prosaically, a site is also a bookkeeping convention. The Forest Service defines a lithic scatter site as an open-air concentration of ten or more artifacts. Anything less, and we record it as an "isolate." If it does turn out to be a site, we then have to decide whether it is eligible for nomination to the National Register of Historic Places. Questions of integrity and significance are sorted out, a process that can become almost theological in its obscurity. The user's guide and computer codes for completing the form fill a three-ring binder two inches thick. It gets worse. On this forest, they pay a bounty if you find more sites than the contract anticipates, but nothing for extra isolates. But over in Oregon, there's no bonus for extra sites and the form is four pages long and requires two photographs and a sketch map. The isolate form is only one page, with no photo or map. Naturally, a contract archaeologist with any business sense will
be tempted to adjust the number of sites he finds to the forest he's working on. In the Blue Mountains, the incentive is to stop noticing well before the ninth flake, while in the Subletts you look real hard for the tenth and start filling out the paperwork as soon as you find it. We occupy a kind of middle ground between winter cannibals and gentlemen scholars. I pull some wire flags out of the quiver and start marking off the boundaries of the scatter. The professor in Seattle thinks every flake should be recorded separately, which effectively abolishes the distinc tion between sites and isolates. I can half-agree with his underlying logic, and imagine the whole hemisphere as just one continuous lithic scatter, a single bookkeeping convention bounded by large bodies of water.
It occurs to me that nothing ever really comes to an end anymore. I rub my thumb along the deeply worn edge of a once-hafted endscraper, sensing how the last person to use it must have leaned into her work. Perhaps the best we can hope for now is a long pause between inspections. For a few centuries the obsidian chips lay here as brute facts, over and done with. Then we arrived to chant them back up into culture with our new nouns and numbers, determined to see in them instances of some hidden significance. Many of them will soon confess to their makers' discard behaviors, their raw mate rial preferences, their mobility patterns, their exchange networks, their bridewealth payments, their resharpening routines, even their sensorimotor intelligence and spatial competence. These artifacts haven't even started to get used. The rain intensifies as we jam in the wire flags and anchor our measuring tapes. Jim finds the stem of an Elko point and a beveled flint blade. I unpack the cameras and frame it all for the record. When we finish, we'll scatter the rest of the potato chips for the ground
squirrels. ~DI)
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High Desert Journal
S P R N G
2 0 0 8
S
SUE
7
fiction&nonfiction
8
by Eric Gra1
'4
22
30 39 45
Andrea cI 1rk Mason. Ojf, he Grid ~ Debra Magpie Earling. 1', e Lost.j~urnQls of SQcQjeweQ Eileen O'Keeffe MCVicker~rbara Scot. Child of Steens MountQin ' Jackie Sha ~ non Hollis. eir Best Behvior Seth Wa I kJr. The FinQI SQ Ie of FQlconry's GrQnd Old MQn Ken Reid. dJosing the IntervQI
On
art&photograph'
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24 35
4' 44
James Thompson. The VQf ishing Landscape John Divol . Dogs ChQsiny My Car in the Desert Eric Graha . PQintlngs Stephanie ilde. The En4mies of Love: Sweet Grace Judith Cunningham. PQi~ tings
poetry
2
13
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Richard Kempa . The Swallows
Michael Sykes. The Case of the Missing Tooth
Steve Coughlin . The Idaho Poem
Sid Miller. Crater Lake
Robert Gail. Festus
Pamela Steele. Swimming for Mission
yap.vi P'UT~