Transatlantic Consortium of European Union Studies and Simulations .rtf
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GUIDELINES for EUROSIM 2002
Final 8 December 2001
By William G. Andrews (State University of New York, College at Brockport).
Revised for 2001, Laurie Buonanno (State University of New York, College at
Fredonia)
These Guidelines are intended to be descriptive, rather than prescriptive. Participants should feel
free to adapt them by collegial decision as they encounter problems during the simulation.
Participants should also consult EuroSim Rules of Procedure, EuroSim 2002 Program, Alter Ego
Assignment List, and research suggestions, all of which are available at:
http://www.fredonia.edu/department/polisci/eurosim/thisyear.html
A. Introduction
EuroSim 2002, at University of Economics, Prague (VSE), will be the fifteenth inter-collegiate
simulation of the European Union decision-making process organized by the Transatlantic
Consortium for European Union Studies and Simulations (TACEUSS), formerly know as
NYCEUSS. SUNY Brockport sponsored eight such simulations, 1988-1991, 1993, 1995, 1997,
and 1999. The Institute for European and International Studies, Luxembourg hosted the 1992 and
1994 simulations. The Katholic University of Leuven, Belgium hosted the 1996 and 1998
simulations. The University of Economics, Prague, the Czech Republic, hosted EuroSim 2000.
The State University of New York, College at Fredonia hosted EuroSim 2001.
The purpose of these Guidelines is to suggest, in general, how EuroSim participants can
simulate, as realistically as possible, the activities of European Union (EU) decision-makers in
two areas in which the EU is currently engaged, namely European Security and Defence Policy
(ESDP) and enlargement (pre-accession and accession) negotiations. In addition, the Heads of
Government (European Council) will meet to discuss some of the issues likely to occupy the
Spanish Presidency.
EuroSim rests on four main principles: 1) it seeks to reflect the realities of the EU decision-
making process as accurately as possible, 2) it strives to schedule a practical program that can be
executed within the existing constraints of time and facilities, and 3) it endeavors to organize
interesting, useful, educational activities for the participants as uniformly as possible throughout
the simulation, 4) it seeks to create a student-directed simulation with faculty serving in an
advisory capacity. The program and these guidelines provide only a broad outline. The students
must elaborate on it during the exercise. On the foundation of these Guidelines, they must
complete the structure and give it reality with their thoughts, words, and actions. The Guidelines
follow the sequence of the simulation to assist the participants in understanding their roles at
each step in the process.
B. Purpose
The overall purpose of EuroSim is to provide a framework for a partial simulation of the
decision-making process of the European Union (EU). The advance preparations and the
simulation should give participants a better understanding of the EU; of international and
supranational organizations in general; of the EU Member and Applicant States, their peoples,
politics, and policies; and of major current issues of international relations. The simulation
should provide the participants with opportunities to develop their skills and techniques at
negotiation and conflict resolution, public speaking, debate, expository writing, logic and
reasoning, small-group dynamics, leadership, and problem-solving.
C. Issues and Required Documents
The principal issues to be considered by EuroSim 2002 are ESDP and Enlargement (Pre-
Accession of Turkey and on-going chapter negotiations between the EU and candidate states).
These are divided into three tracks. Tables One through Four summarize the goals, required
documents, expectations, and responsible actors. Each track has a student director and faculty
advisor(s). Please contact the student director with questions.
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Table One: Track IA, ESDP (Headline Goal)
FINAL GOAL: Progress in meeting the Headline Goal. Reported by Spain’s Defence Minister (Paul El-Meouchy) in Sunday morning
plenary
Coordinators: Roy Ginsberg, David Loeb (d_loeb@skidmore.edu)
Pre- Actor Responsible for Whom to Consult when drafting the Where to send Due Date
Simulation Drafting: Country’s Defence Position Paper
Documents Minister
Austria Brief Position Jeff Decker Austria’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper Strapondecker@Yahoo.com HOG Minister December
Tim Steffens Paul El-Meouchy
stef4106@uni-trier.de pe25@cornell.edu
Kevin Heise
Heis8756@fredonia.edu
Belgium Brief Position Jill Hurley Belgium’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper jillhurley@yahoo.com HOG Minister December
Keith Smith Paul El-Meouchy
kismith@acsu.buffalo.edu pe25@cornell.edu
Humberto C. Deluigi
Hcd4@columbia.edu
Denmark Brief Position Catherine Griffith Denmark’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper cgriffith@mail.colgate.edu HOG Minister December
SAARBRÜCKEN Paul El-Meouchy
Nadine Müller pe25@cornell.edu
Greg Turner
GTMI6@hotmail.com
Finland Brief Position Taina Väänänen Finland’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper taina.vaananen@uwasa.fi HOG Minister December
Meredith Yarid Paul El-Meouchy
Meridith_Yarid@hotmail.com pe25@cornell.edu
Mikko Männistö
mikko.mannisto@uwasa.fi
France Brief Position Clara Gutkin France’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper ceg002@drake.edu HOG Minister December
Alex Griffin Paul El-Meouchy
99222714@mmu.ac.uk pe25@cornell.edu
Zachery Nunn
zmn001@drake.edu
Germany Brief Position SAARBRÜCKEN Germany’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper Kai Petra Dreesen HOG Minister December
Erin Conklin Paul El-Meouchy
firey711@hotmail.com pe25@cornell.edu
SAARBRÜCKEN
Eva Mona Götz
Greece Brief Position Stella Zerva Greece’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper stella_zerva@hotmail.com HOG Minister December
Olga Khodosh Paul El-Meouchy
ok50@columbia.edu pe25@cornell.edu
Lazaros Poulios
lazaros_poulios@hotmail.com
Ireland Brief Position Milena Mihailovic Ireland’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper MNM0000@aubg.bg HOG Minister December
Andrew Mackie Paul El-Meouchy
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aomackie@hotmail.com pe25@cornell.edu
COLUMBIA
Italy Brief Position Silas Dean Italy’s Foreign Minister & HOG Spanish Defence 20
Paper s_dean@skidmore.edu VSE Minister December
Alessandra De Almeida Paul El-Meouchy
a_dealme@skidmore.edu pe25@cornell.edu
Luxembourg Brief Position Columbia Luxembourg’s Foreign Minister Spanish Defence 20
Paper & HOG Minister December
Adam Crouch Paul El-Meouchy
ac246@cornell.edu pe25@cornell.edu
Matt Grosack
mdg26@cornell.edu
Netherlands Brief Position Natalia Plotnikova the Netherlands’s Foreign Spanish Defence 20
Paper N.Plotnikova@kub.nl Minister & HOG Minister December
Chris Flynn Paul El-Meouchy
ctflynn@mail.colgate.edu pe25@cornell.edu
Barbara Gabor
barbaragabor@hotmail.com
Portugal Brief Position Joe Livingston Portugal’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper jsliving@hamilton.edu HOG Minister December
BOGAZICI Paul El-Meouchy
Byron Miller pe25@cornell.edu
bdmiller@hamilton.edu
Spain Brief Position Receives reports from other Spain’s Foreign Minister & HOG Spanish Defence Thursday
Paper Member State Defence Linda Toth Minister brings
Ministers; consults with lt52@cornell.edu copies to Prague
Spain’s FM & HOG Juan Rivera for distribution at
jjr23@cornell.edu first defence
ministers’ meeting
Sweden Brief Position Heidi Schnakenberg Sweden’s Foreign Minister & Spanish Defence 20
Paper schnak@hotvoice.com HOG Minister December
Monica Scott Paul El-Meouchy
monicals44@hotmail.com pe25@cornell.edu
Nicole Ferreira
dnf222@hotmail.com
the U.K. Brief Position Saqib Mehrban U.K.’s Foreign Minister & HOG Spanish Defence 20
Paper Saqtheman@totalise.co.uk Rachel D’Angelo Minister December
rdangelo83@hotmail.com Paul El-Meouchy
Andy Price pe25@cornell.edu
00945445@mmu.ac.uk
Table Two: Track IB, European Council (Conclusions)
Coordinators: Roy Ginsberg, David Loeb (d_loeb@skidmore.edu)
Final Goal: Conclusions of the Presidency, announced by Spain’s Prime Minister: Juan Rivera
jjr23@cornell.edu
Pre- Actor Responsible for Drafting: Where to send Due Date
Simulation Head of Government (HOG)
Documents
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Austria Brief Kevin Heise Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
Position Heis8756@fredonia.edu Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Paper Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Belgium See Humberto C. Deluigi Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above Hcd4@columbia.edu Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Denmark See Greg Turner Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above GTMI6@hotmail.com Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Finland See Mikko Männistö Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above mikko.mannisto@uwasa.fi Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
France See Zachery Nunn Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above zmn001@drake.edu Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Germany See SAARBRÜCKEN Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above Eva Mona Götz Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Greece See Lazaros Poulios Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above lazaros_poulios@hotmail.com Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Ireland See COLUMBIA Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Italy See Alessandra De Almeida Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above a_dealme@skidmore.edu Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Luxembourg See Matt Grosack Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above mdg26@cornell.edu Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Netherlands See Barbara Gabor Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
above barbaragabor@hotmail.com Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Portugal See above Byron Miller Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
bdmiller@hamilton.edu Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Spain See above Receives reports from other Spain’s PM submits posts report to 21 December
HOGS NYSLUX-L@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Sweden See above Nicole Ferreira Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
dnf222@hotmail.com Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
the U.K. See above Andy Price Spanish Prime Minister 16 December
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00945445@mmu.ac.uk Juan Rivera jjr23@cornell.edu
Spanish PM consults with HOGS
from Greece and Belgium
Table Three: Track II, Pre-accession Talks (Turkey and EU)
Track II: EU/Turkey Pre-Accession Discussions
Coordinators: Gül Sosay; Katie Costanza (eurosim@fredonia.edu)
Final Goal: A statement issued by Turkey’s Foreign Minister as to progress of pre-accession talks. A statement issued by Spain’s
Foreign Minister as to progress of pre-accession talks. Both announcements made at the closing plenary session. This can take the
form of joint statement.
Pre-Simulation Documents Actor Responsible for Drafting Where to send Due Date
Statement
Chief and Deputy Chief Turkey’s Chief Negotiator: BOGAZICI NYSLUX- 21 December
Negotiators, representing Turkey l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
and the EU, draft statements: EU’s Chief Negotiator:
there may be a joint statement or Kristin Henderson
one from each of the teams. KristinHenderson@hotmail.com
Deputy Chief Negotiators:
Craig Katzenberger
katz4u96@hotmail.com
Sabba Khan
queensheba200@hotmail.com
Noora Heinonen
noora.heinonen@uwasa.fi
SAARBRÜCKEN
Nicola Weissenborn
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Table Four: Track Three Enlargement Negotiations
Coordinators: Laurie Buonanno; Neill Nugent; Tamara Daniels (eurosim@fredonia.edu)
Final Goal: The Spanish Foreign Minister announces (per country) which chapters will be provisionally closed.
Pre-Simulation Actors Responsible for Drafting Reports: Where to send reports Due Date
Documents Chief and Deputy Chief Negotiators
should consult with Günter Verheugen
(Michele Pancaldi) michelepancaldi@libero.it
EU, Brief Progress Josh Whitney NYSLUX- 21 December
Bulgaria Report j_whitney@skidmore.edu l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Vincent Wellens
Yazmin Aziz
yazzmini@hotmail.com
EU, Brief Progress BOGAZICI NYSLUX- 21 December
Cyprus Report l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Heather Curry
fuzzyhippo69@hotmail.com
Athena Abatzi
athenanyc@hotmail.com
EU, Czech Brief Progress Gilbert Schwartmann NYSLUX- 21 December
Republic Report gilbert.schwartmann@epost.de l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Alex Hassid
hassidae@aol.com
VSE?
EU, Brief Progress Rick Deren NYSLUX- 21 December
Poland Report deren@acsu.buffalo.edu l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Maria Pernu
maria.pernu@uwasa.fi
Pamela Skowronski
ps448@nyu.edu
EU, Brief Progress NYSLUX- 21 December
Romania Report Hans Christian Andersen l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Ole Estein Solvang
os137@columbia.edu
Bulgaria Brief Progress Aneta Spendjarova NYSLUX- 21 December
Report aneta_bori@yahoo.com l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Nicole Ehmke
Ehmk0861@fredonia.edu
Matt Zeller
mzeller@hamilton.edu
Cyprus Brief Progress Paul O’Neill NYSLUX- 21 December
Report bpaul7@hotmail.com l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Elizabeth Rossiello
Ear4@acsu.buffalo.edu
Ariana Newell Rockefeller
anr2001@columbia.edu
Czech Brief Progress VSE NYSLUX- 21 December
Republic Report Michelle Sarlo l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
mms35@cornell.edu
Veronikca Svobodova
V_svobodova@yahoo.com
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Poland Brief Progress Vaughn Crowe NYSLUX- 21 December
Report vcrowe@mail.colgate.edu l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Artur Gagarin
gaga4101@uni-trier.de
v Lindsey Florek
l_florek@skidmore.edu
Romania Brief Progress Cassondre Buteyn NYSLUX- 21 December
Report cassondrebuteyn@hotmail.com l@listserv.acsu.buffalo.edu
Stelios Antoniadis
stelios.antoniadis@ear.eu.int
TRACK I A: EUROPEAN SECURITY AND DEFENCE COOPERATION
OVERALL PURPOSE: Simulate a “Capabilities Conference.”
Defence Ministers (and foreign ministers, when available) to discuss progress toward the
Headline Goal, as follows: (http://ue.eu.int/pesc/default.asp?lang=en)
To develop European capabilities, Member States have set themselves the headline
goal: by the year 2003, cooperating together voluntarily, they will be able to deploy
rapidly and then sustain forces capable of the full range of Petersberg tasks as set
out in the Amsterdam Treaty, including the most demanding, in operations up to
corps level (up to 15 brigades or 50,000-60,000 persons).
These forces should be militarily self-sustaining with the necessary command, control
and intelligence capabilities, logistics, other combat support services and
additionally, as appropriate, air and naval elements.
Member States should be able to deploy in full at this level within 60 days, and
within this to provide smaller rapid response elements available and deployable at
very high readiness.
They must be able to sustain such a deployment for at least one year. This will
require an additional pool of deployable units (and supporting elements) at lower
readiness to provide replacements for the initial forces.
This track simulates a “Capabilities Conference,” chaired by the Spanish EU Presidency. Foreign
ministers are involved, but as they are the final arbiters in enlargement negotiations and must
keep abreast of developments in Track III. Chris Patten, External Relations Commissioner,
Javier Solana, High Representative for the CFSP, and Romano Prodi, President of the
Commission, all play an important role in these discussions. Foreign and Defense Ministers
from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Turkey are invited, due to their dual status as
applicant states and members of NATO. They are not, however, voting members of the Council.
ACTORS: Foreign ministers (GA) provide direction as does the European Council as noted in
Program 2002; but the major discussions take place among defence ministers. Other
participants: Javier Solana , Chris Patten, Romano Prodi. Invited observers, NATO member
states who are candidates for enlargement or in pre-accession negotiations: The Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland, and Turkey.
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Chair: Spanish Defence Minister.
Specific Goals:
a. Member States report (tour de table, see EuroSim Rules of Procedure) toward meeting the
Headline Goal, including needed defense expenditures to operationalize/sustain the Headline
Goal.
Expectation: Presidency issues progress report identifying shortcomings for internal use only.
b. Member States and Turkey, as invited guest, attempt to negotiate issue of ESDP use of NATO
assets in the context of EU needs and Turkish concerns.
Expectation: Attempt to resolve EU-Turkish differences over ESDP use of NATO assets.
Presidency produces press release if accord is reached.
c. Member States discuss the relation of ESDP to counter-terrorism and anti-terrorism.
Expectation: Discuss expanding ESDP remit to include counter-terrorism.
d. Member states engage in planning for a future ESDP deployment by type of operation and
location (could be a scenario-building exercise or a response to a real-world need for the EU
members to bolster their international presence in the Balkans (Bosnia, Macedonia, or Kosovo)
should U.S. personnel be reduced or eliminated
in the region given U.S. operations elsewhere in the world.
Expectation: Plan scenario(s) for operationalizing an ESDP action. Confidential meetings. For
internal use only.
Required Documents Prior to EuroSim:
Each Member State (Defence Minister in consultation with Foreign Minister and Head of
government) should forward a brief position paper, specifically addressing these four goals, to
the Spanish Defence Minister. These position papers are not for public consumption.
FINAL GOAL (CLOSING PLENARY, SUNDAY):
ESDP progress reported by Spain’s Defence Minister in meeting the Headline Goal.
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TRACK IB: European Council
OVERALL PURPOSE:
Simulate the Council Summit at the close of a six-month presidency.
ACTORS: Heads of Government and State (HOGS) hold European Council Summit hosted by
the Spanish EU Presidency.
Expectation: Negotiation and drafting of Presidency Conclusions.
Required Documents Prior to EuroSim :
The Member State governments should be familiar with the Conclusions of the Presidency
issued at the EU Council Summit at Göteborg (2001 June, Sweden) and Laeken (2001 14-15
December, Belgian). Göteborg now available at http://ue.eu.int/en/Info/eurocouncil/index.htm .
Pre-Laken information available at http://europa.eu.int/comm/laeken_council/index_en.htm.
Additionally, EuroSim participants playing these roles should adhere to the general style of the
Presidency Conclusions.
Each Member State should send a position paper to the Spanish President, who through
consultation with other HOGs produces a communiqué, which will be posted to NYSLUX. The
Spanish Presidency should work closely with Troika members (Belgium and Greece) in
producing this communiqué, which must include the Council’s attitude towards:
a. Cyprus application to become a member of the EU.
b. Northern Cyprus in the event of the Cyprus situation not being resolved at the end of
the negotiation process.
c. How the Rapid Reaction Force will be financed.
d. A decision in response to protestations from Hungary and other CEECs about their
institutional representation in post-Nice EU.
e. Others, as determined by the Spanish Presidency, in consultation with Belgium and
Greece
FINAL GOAL (CLOSING PLENARY, SUNDAY):
Conclusions of the Presidency, announced by Spain’s Prime Minister
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TRACK II: Turkey and EU Negotiators, Pre-Accession Discussions
OVERALL PURPOSE:
Turkey and the EU coming to an agreement as to Turkey’s progress toward the EU’s official
opening of accession negotiations.
ACTORS: Negotiators for Turkey and the EU. Each team has a Chief Negotiator and Deputy
Chief Negotiator. Commission will be present at meetings to advise. COREPER should insure
representation and act as the conduit of information for the GA regarding progress in this track.
Jointly chaired by the Chief Negotiators, EU and Turkey.
Expectation: An understanding reached between Turkey and the EU regarding progress on
specific issues, as outlined below.
Required Documents Prior to EuroSim:
Turkey’s Chief and Deputy Chief Negotiator, working together, draft a statement and post to
NYSLUX, which covers the following points:
a. Turkish record on human rights
b. Political role of the army in Turkey
c. Turkey’s position as the only state to recognize Northern Cyprus
d. Measures taken to stabilize the Turkish economy
FINAL GOAL (CLOSING PLENARY, SUNDAY):
A statement issued by Turkey’s Foreign Minister as to progress of pre-accession talks. A
statement issued by Spain’s Foreign Minister as to progress of pre-accession talks.
Both announcements made at the closing plenary session. This can take the form of joint
statement.
TRACK III: Enlargement Negotiations of Specific Chapters between the
EU and the Candidate Countries of Bulgaria, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Poland, and Romania
OVERALL PURPOSE:
Simulate the accession negotiation process between EU negotiators and candidate country
negotiators. Participants should recognize that accession is an intergovernmental process. The
Commission advises, but ultimately this is a Council activity. In this regard, COREPER and the
GA Council must stay informed of the progress of negotiations. Table Five, below, lists the
applicant countries with chapters to be simulated.
Table 5: Chapters Bugaria Cyprus Czech Poland Romania
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Republic
Agriculture
Free Movement for Persons CLOSED
Free Movement of Capital CLOSED CLOSED CLOSED
Regional Policy and Coordination
of Structural Instruments
Competition
Cooperation in Justice and Home
Affairs
Source: http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/intro/table01-07-09a-ela.pdf
ACTORS: Negotiators for EU Member and Applicant states. COREPER assists negotiators and
keeps the GA informed as to the outcomes. The program includes meetings between the EU
chief negotiators and the GA to facilitate two-way communication. Commission will be present
at meetings to advise. Chief Negotiators for the EU chair negotiation sessions.
Expectation: EU and Applicant state teams conduct negotiations on each of the respective
chapters. EU Member States discuss their recommendations with COREPER and GA (see
program). The GA Council makes the final ruling, which the Spanish Foreign Minister
announces at the closing plenary.
Required Documents Prior to EuroSim:
Applicant Negotiation Teams
Each applicant negotiating team should produce a one- to two-page position
paper/progress reports that covers each chapter. In some cases these may take the form
of summary versions of the position papers published on applicant state negotiation
websites. The chief negotiator and deputy chief negotiators are responsible for drafting
this document, soliciting the advise of the other members of their team. Applicant teams
should call upon the Commission prior to the simulation (played by Canisius and
Saarbrücken) for advice and clarification.
Position papers should be posted to NYSLUX.
EU Negotiation Teams
Each EU negotiating team should produce a one-page position paper/progress report and
position paper that covers each chapter . In some cases these may take the form of
summary versions of progress reports published by the EU. (These become available on
November 13, 2001 at the following web site:
http://europa.eu.int/comm/enlargement/index.htm.) Applicant teams should call upon
both the Commission (played by Canisius and Saarbrücken) and the Presidency (played
by Cornell) for advice and clarification. The EU negotiating team must remember that it
is acting on behalf of the Council.
Position papers should be posted to NYSLUX.
FINAL GOAL (CLOSING PLENARY, SUNDAY):
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The Spanish Foreign Minister announces (per country) which chapters will be provisionally
closed.
D. Roles
The numbered paragraphs below summarize the institutional roles to be played by the different
EUROSIM participants. Spain is in the chair, which means that Spanish participants preside at
Council meetings. The EU and Candidate Country Negotiation Teams have pre-assigned chief
and deputy chief negotiators, who chair these sessions. (See Alter Ego Master List.)
1. EU Commissioners.
The Commissioners form, in effect, the board of managers of the European Union. They are
supposed to provide the motive force to drive the Union toward increased integration by taking
policy initiatives and supervising policy implementation. According to Article 157 of the Treaty
of Rome, the Commissioners are "chosen for their general competence and indisputable
independence" and "shall perform their duties in the general interest of the Community with
complete independence," neither seeking nor accepting "instructions from any Government or
other body." Most of them have been active in politics in their countries, but are required by oath
to act on the Commission without national bias.
In the simulation, the Commissioners have two main roles. First, they will meet to make
appropriate decisions on the matters at issue in the simulation. Second, at all other times, they
will act as problem-solvers, facilitating the decision-making process in such a way as to
maximize the supranationalism of the result. The real-life Commissioners distribute among
themselves the policy areas of the EU, but the simulation will assume that they are all working
under the leadership of their President (Romano Prodi), Chris Patten (External Affairs
Commissioner) and Günther Verheugen (Enlargement Commissioner). The Commission,
working with their faculty advisors, should decide amongst themselves as to how they will
coordinate their activity in the three tracks.
Business conducted according to EuroSim Rules of Procedure. (Available on This Year’s
EuroSim website.)
2. Ministers.
Members of the EU Council of Ministers represent their national governments in making the
main decisions for the European Union. The Heads of Government (HOGS)—prime
minister/chancellor/president—have the primary responsibility for the general policy orientations
of their governments. They meet as the European Council, which according to the Maastricht
Treaty [Article D] "shall provide the Union with the necessary impetus for the development and
shall define the general political guidelines thereof." They are the "big shots" of the EU, actors
on the world stage. Their semi-annual summit meetings always draw wide press coverage. They
enjoy the role of stepping in at the last minute, when all other efforts have failed, to solve knotty
problems by personal negotiations with their peers.
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The other ministers have the primary responsibility for their governments’ positions in their
respective areas of policy (for example, foreign affairs, defence, agriculture, immigration,
internal order, social welfare). They are also leaders of their political parties. Thus, they will play
two principal roles. First, they will meet as the Council to make decisions on the issues and will
negotiate and politic informally between meetings, endeavoring to win support for their
governments’ positions concerning the issues discussed in the three tracks. Second, they will
work to provide leadership and guidance in their respective policy areas. They act, in effect, as
the representatives of the interests of their member-States. As nearly as is possible in the Union
today, they are the opponents (or, at least, the skeptics) of supranationalism, the guardians of
nationalism and national interest. Most of them are also active politicians in the partisan politics
of their home countries. That gives them specific partisan and ideological orientations as well.
Finally, they are the principal authors and guardians of their countries’ foreign and defense
policies. They will endeavor to ensure that nothing is decided that will undermine their
respective policies.
Javier Solana is High Representative of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and General
Secretary of the Council. He acts as the EU’s foreign minister and in this capacity will work in
Track IA to facilitate the Council discussions concerning ESDP.
Two Councils meet in EuroSim 2002: Defence and General Affairs (foreign ministers). The
European Council will meet to formulated “Conclusions of the Spanish Presidency.”
Business conducted according to EuroSim Rules of Procedure. (Available on This Year’s
EuroSim website.)
3. EU Enlargement Negotiation Teams.
These actors simulate the EU enlargement negotiation teams assigned to each of the candidate
countries. The Chief Negotiator is assisted by two deputy chief negotiators (one deputy chief in
pre-accession negotiations). Follow Parliamentary Procedure, if necessary, in EuroSim Rules of
Procedure. (Available on This Year’s EuroSim website.)
4. Candidate and Pre-Accession Enlargement Negotiation Teams.
These actors simulate the enlargement negotiation teams of each of the candidate countries. The
Chief Negotiator is assisted by one deputy chief negotiator. Follow Parliamentary Procedure, if
necessary, in EuroSim Rules of Procedure. (Available on This Year’s EuroSim website.)
5. COREPER. As the Permanent Representatives (Ambassadors), COREPER acts as a liaison
between the Council and other EU actors. COREPER will facilitate communication between the
EU enlargement negotiation teams and the General Affairs Council throughout the simulation.
6. Members of the European Parliament [MEPs].
The MEPs are the only EU officials elected directly by their compatriots through universal
suffrage. Those elections are, mainly, contests among political parties and most MEPs are very
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partisan, often deciding their policy positions on a partisan more than a national basis. The EP is
not simulated in EuroSim 2002.
7. Members of the Economic and Social Committee (MESCs). The Economic and Social
Committee is a corporatist, consultative assembly. Being corporatist, it incorporates interest
representation into the formal structure of the EU and gives it official status and functions. This
is a common feature of democratic governmental systems in Europe, but contrasts with
American experience, where interest representation usually remains outside the formal structure
of government, in lobbies. The MESCs represent special interests in the Community and are
appointed for four-year terms by the EU Council of Ministers upon nomination by the member-
governments. Most ESC members represent business and trade associations or labor unions, but
others represent such groups as farm organizations, professional societies, education
organizations, and local governments. Usually, they are officers or staff members of interest
associations. Being advisory, the ESC must be consulted by the Council and Commission on
some policy matters. The treaties provide from mandatory consulting for Commission proposals
in the area of consumer protection. ESC is not simulated in EuroSim 2002.
8. Press Corps. The members of the Press Corps will publish a newspaper at intervals during the
simulation, based on the simulation activities and on other relevant events, real or simulated.
Also, they will organize and hold news conferences, as they or other participants deem
necessary.
9. Official Observers. Officials who are not representing EU Member States will have the status
of official observers. This will enable them to attend all sessions, to lobby participants, and to
speak or pose questions at meetings when given special leave, but not to vote. Their specific
activities are informal and unstructured and, therefore, are not described in detail herein.
International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) and Applicant States (fall in this
category). EuroSim 2002, Track IA, includes foreign and defence ministers from four states:
The Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Turkey. They are invited to attend discussions
concerning ESDP in their capacity as NATO members and enlargement applicants.
10. Faculty Advisors. Each faculty advisor is, of course, free to organize his or her relationship
with his or her students during the simulation as best suits their needs. However, past experience
suggests that the simulation proceeds best if the advisors avoid coaching the students or assisting
them in solving problems. They serve informally as sources of information and in counseling the
students on how to maintain the integrity of the simulation. For this reason, no formal
arrangements for such consultation are included in the simulation schedule. The TACEUSS
Executive Committee will serve as a kind of arbitration board to solve disputes as they may
arise.
Faculty Advisors have agreed to serve as consultants on specific policy areas, activities, and
countries, as follows: ESDP (Roy Ginsberg); EU-Turkey (Gül Sosay); Bulgaria
(Benedict DeDominicis), American University in Bulgaria; Cyprus (Neill Nugent);
The Czech Republic (Ales Lisa); Romania (Dimitris Kavakas); Agriculture (Free Movement of
Persons); Free Movement of Capital (Scott Siegel), Regional Policy and Coordinator of
15
Structural Instruments (Janet Mather); Competition (Laurie Buonanno); Cooperation in Justice
and Home Affairs (Olga Borrisova, Henry Steck).
11. Expert Witnesses. Professional or academic specialists will testify at Council and
Enlargement negotiation meetings as outside experts. Their role will be to provide the
participants with information and ideas on the institutions and issues involved in the simulation.
Participants and witnesses should bear in mind that the witnesses are not lecturers, but mainly
respond to participants’ questions. The actors who chair the session should introduce the expert
witness and plan for approximately 15 minutes for the expert to provide an overview to the major
issues. The participants should behave as though they are in charge of the sessions and not be
intimidated by the status and expertise of the witnesses. The expert witnesses should remain
throughout the scheduled time of the session. In the absence of questions from the floor and
leadership, the expert witness should continue to outline the major issues and answer questions
as the arise. Under no circumstances should the expert witness be dismissed prior to the end of
the scheduled session.
E. Preparation
Students preparing to participate in EUROSIM should concentrate their efforts on these
activities:
1. Gaining an understanding of the structure and dynamics of the European Union,
especially those institutions that are included in the EUROSIM simulation.
2. Learning as much as possible about the EU, its Member States, and Applicant States, as
appropriate, and about the general situation in the EU with respect to the principal topics for
EuroSim 2002. Web site for EU Member States:
http://europa.eu.int/abc/governments/index_en.html
3. Learning as much as possible about the issues with respect to ESDP and/or enlargement,
depending upon role assignment.
4. Improving their skills at negotiating, conflict resolution, parliamentary procedure,
parliamentary prose, public speaking, debate, and logical reasoning.
5. Learning about the specific person to be represented, the alter-ego of the student-
participant, when possible.
6. For all actors, gaining a general understanding of the major recent events that have
occurred affecting a) ESDP and b) enlargement.
F. Processes
1. Rules of procedure. Rules of order to be followed in all proceedings, in descending
order of authority, are the EUROSIM 2002 Rules of Procedure (download from this
year’s web site); and Roberts Rules of Order. As with any deliberative body, the
members of any of the institutions may modify their procedures by common agreement.
Disputes will be settled on the basis of advice from the Commissioners, acting as
parliamentarians. Appeals may be taken to the arbitration board mentioned above.
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G. Simulation Program
SUMMARY SCHEDULE, EUROSIM 2002
HOGS Foreign Defence COREPER DG Enlargement Prodi Patten
Ministers Ministers Enlargement & Pre-
Accession
Negotiators
Thursday
4:00- Opening Ceremony
5:30
5:30- Reception
7:30
7:45- A E D C F F B A
9:45
Friday
9:15- All attend respective country meetings
10:15
10:30- All extend respective expert witness meetings
12:00
12:00- All attend lunch
1:10
1:15- A A A B B B A A
3:15
3:30- B A B A A A* (Lead B B
4:45 negotiators)
C (Other
negotiators)
5:00- All attend reception and poster session
6:00
Saturday
9:15- All attend country meetings
10:00
10:15- B A A C C C B A
12:00
12:00- All attend lunch
1:15
1:30- B D A C&D C C B A
3:00
3:30- B D A C&D C C B A
4:30
4:30- A A A A
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5:15 B B B
(Applicant (Applicant (Applicant
States) States) States)
C (Informal
Talks)
5:15- Spain Spain Spain Spain X X
5:30
approx. Banquet
7:00
Sunday
10:00- Announcement of Decisions: All Participants Attend
12:00
12:00- Closing Luncheon and Awarding of Certificate of Completion
1:30
KEY:
All=All participants
Letters=Matching letters indicate actors attending
18
EUROSIM 2002 PROGRAM
3-6 January 2002
Held at the Hotel Krystal Conference Center and
the Campus of University of Economics Prague
Thursday, 3 January 2002
4-5:30 p.m.
Opening Ceremony at Hotel Krystal
5:30-7:30 p.m.
Reception
7:45-9:45 p.m.
EU Negotiation Teams Meet
Purpose: To review negotiation strategy.
EU-Bulgaria Negotiation Team
EU-Cyprus Negotiation Team
EU-Czech Republic Negotiation Team
EU-Poland Negotiation Team
EU-Romania Negotiation Team
EU-Turkey Negotiation Team (Pre-Accession)
Accession and Pre-Accession Negotiation Teams Meet
Purpose: To review negotiation strategy.
Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Cyprus Negotiation Team
Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Poland Negotiation Team
Romania Negotiation Team
Turkey Negotiation Team
General Affairs Council Meets, Foreign Ministers of Applicant States Observe
Purpose: To review all the business of the simulation, which includes ESDP, pre-
accession negotiations, and closing of chapters.
Defence Ministers Meet, Javier Solana and Chris Patten attend; Defence Ministers of
Applicant States and Turkey Observe
Purpose: To review the goals that the defence ministers and EU leaders wish to
accomplish.
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COREPER: Spain Chairs.
Purpose: COREPER determines how their members will be deployed throughout the
simulation. For instance, which member will attend the Turkey-EU pre-accession
negotiations? End of the day briefings for General Affairs?
Commission
Purpose: Organize the work of the simulation. Günter Verheugen chairs Commission
meetings throughout the simulation.
European Council
Purpose: Simulate the opening of a European Council summit.
Spain’s prime minister chairs all European Council meetings. Mdme. Nicole Fontaine
addresses the European Council in the beginning of this session. Her address should
last no more than ten minutes. After her speech, she is to leave the Council meeting.
Friday, 4 January 2002
Location: On the campus of VSE (approximately 40 minute tram ride from the Hotel
Krystal)
Continental Breakfast at Hotel Krystal
9:15-10:15 a.m.
Country Meetings
Purpose: These meetings provide an opportunity for the government to express their
desire to negotiators. All track II negotiators (EU and Turkey negotiators) should attend
the meeting for Turkey.
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
the United Kingdom
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Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Poland
Romania
Turkey
COREPER attend their respective country meetings.
Commission visits as appropriate. Solana attends Spain.
10:30-12:00
Purpose: These meetings provide an opportunity for the actors to hear the issue from
the point of view of the expert. The expert witness will offer about ten to fifteen minutes
of general comment. The Chief Negotiator will chair the country hearings; Spanish
defence minister chairs the ESDP hearing. The expert witness must remain throughout
the entire session. If participants do not ask questions, the expert witness will continue
to lay out the issues for the attendees.
Expert Witness, Hearings
Bulgaria
EU-Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Expert Witness: Ben DeDominicis, Professor of Politics, American University in
Bulgaria Foreign Minister
Cyprus
EU-Cyprus Negotiation Team
Cyprus Negotiation Team
Cyprus Foreign Minister
Expert Witness: Neill Nugent, Professor of Politics and Jean Monnet Professor of
European Integration, Manchester Metropolitan University
Czech Republic
EU-Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Czech Foreign Minister
Expert Witness: Ales Lisa, Professor of International Relations and Politics, University
of Economics Prague
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Poland
EU-Poland Negotiation Team
Poland Negotiation Team
Poland Foreign Minister
Expert Witness:
Romania
EU-Romania Negotiation Team
Romania Negotiation Team
Romania Foreign Minister
Expert Witness: Dimitris Kavakas, New York College, Thessaloniki
Turkey
EU-Turkey Negotiation Team
Turkey Negotiation Team
Turkey Foreign Minister
Solana attends
Expert Witness: Güy Sosay, Professor of International Relations and Politics,
Bogazici University
ESDP
Defence Ministers’ Meeting, European Council
Expert Witness: Roy Ginsberg, Professor of Politics, Skidmore College
COREPER, Commission, and Foreign Ministers attend enlargement hearings.
12:00-1:10
Simulation Participants—lunch
1:15-3:15
Tracks IA & IB:
Capabilities Conference: European Council, General Affairs, Defence Ministers
Purpose: This is not a Council meeting, but rather a “capabilities conference,” a devise
that is sometimes used in the EU to bring together different actors outside of the typical
institutional structures. The purpose is for heads of government and foreign ministers to
offer their thoughts and provide direction to Member State defence ministers with regard
to the headline goals. NATO members from the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland,
Turkey are invited, given proposed use of NATO resources. Solana, Patten, and Prodi
attend and are integral to the discussions.
Track II:
22
Purpose: Turkey and the EU begin their negotiations around the issues laid out in the
overview on page 11 of the Guidelines. The team, by mutual consent, should feel free
to expand their discussions to points other than those suggested.
Turkey Negotiation Team
EU Negotiation Team
One COREPER must attend
One Commission DG Enlargement staff must attend
23
Track III:
Purpose: Negotiations begin on the chapters (see page 12 of the Guidelines).
Bulgaria
EU-Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Cyprus
EU-Cyprus Negotiation Team
Cyprus Negotiation Team
Czech Republic
EU-Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Poland
EU-Poland Negotiation Team
Poland Negotiation Team
Romania
EU-Romania Negotiation Team
Romania Negotiation Team
COREPER and Commission attend Track III meetings.
3:30-4:45
Meeting 1:
General Affairs Council meets with EU Chief Negotiators and EU Deputy Chief
Negotiators for Tracks II & III, Vergheugen; COREPER and DG enlargement staff
assist (one meeting room)
Purpose: Recalling that it is General Affairs that officially closes chapters, the foreign
ministers must be informed of the progress of enlargement talks.
Meetings 2-7:
Representatives from the DG Enlargement staff and COREPER meet with Applicant
state Chief Negotiators and Deputy Chief Negotiators in six separate meeting rooms:
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Poland
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Romania
Turkey
Purpose: A taking stock of progress for the day. DG Enlargement seeks to hear the
concerns of the candidate countries and vice versa.
Caucusing:
Members not otherwise occupied consider whether they wish to have informal meetings
with members of other teams on particular topics. Where such meetings are desired
arrangements are made and if, possible, meetings are held. The Applicant State
Negotiation teams should maintain a presence in their negotiation rooms in anticipation
of visits from other negotiators. (Six rooms, one for each candidate country)
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Poland
Romania
Turkey
Meeting 8: Defence Ministers visit the European Council
Purpose: Defence Ministers report progress of their negotiations to the European
Council Solana, Patten, Prodi attend. Invited NATO members (Czech Republic,
Hungary, Poland, Turkey)
5-6 p.m.
TACEUSS Poster Session and University Fair and Reception
Purpose: To facilitate academic discourse and to provide information about programs
of study at participating colleges and universities.
25
Saturday, 5 January 2002
Location: VSE campus.
9:15-10:00 a.m.
Country Meetings
Austria
Belgium
Denmark
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Ireland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
Sweden
the United Kingdom
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Poland
Romania
Turkey
COREPER attend their respective country meetings.
Commission visits as appropriate. Solana attends Spain.
10:15-12:00
Track IA:
Defence Ministers and Foreign Affairs Meeting, Solana, Patten
Track IB:
European Council, Prodi
Track II:
Turkey Negotiation Team
EU Negotiation Team
26
Track III:
Bulgaria
EU-Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Cyprus
EU-Cyprus Negotiation Team
Cyprus Negotiation Team
Czech Republic
EU-Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Poland
EU-Poland Negotiation Team
Poland Negotiation Team
Romania
EU-Romania Negotiation Team
Romania Negotiation Team
COREPER and Commission attend Track III meetings.
12:00-1:15 Lunch
1:30-3:00 p.m.
Track IA:
Defence Ministers’ Meeting, Solana, Patten
Track IB:
European Council, Prodi
Track II:
Turkey Negotiation Team
EU Negotiation Team
One COREPER must attend
One Commission DG Enlargement staff must attend
Track III:
Bulgaria
EU-Bulgaria Negotiation Team
Bulgaria Negotiation Team
27
Cyprus
EU-Cyprus Negotiation Team
Cyprus Negotiation Team
Czech Republic
EU-Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Czech Republic Negotiation Team
Poland
EU-Poland Negotiation Team
Poland Negotiation Team
Romania
EU-Romania Negotiation Team
Romania Negotiation Team
General Affairs Council
COREPER troika (Belgium, Spain, Greece) and COREPER representative to Track II
brief foreign ministers as to progress of enlargement and pre-accession negotiations.
Foreign ministers discuss their general impression of negotiation progress in
preparation for the 4:30 meeting with EU enlargement negotiators.
COREPER and Commission attend and assist, Track III meetings.
3:00-3:20 Break
3:30-4:30 Continue with Meetings of 1:30-3:00 p.m. (same rooms)
4:30-5:15
General Affairs Council meets with EU Chief Negotiators and EU Deputy Chief
Negotiators for Tracks II & III, Vergheugen; COREPER and DG enlargement staff
assist (one meeting room)
Representatives from the DG Enlargement staff and COREPER meet with Applicant
state Chief Negotiators and Deputy Chief Negotiators in five separate meeting rooms:
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Poland
Romania
28
Members not otherwise occupied consider whether they wish to have informal meetings
with members of other teams on particular topics. Where such meetings are desired
arrangements are made and if, possible, meetings are held.
The Applicant state negotiation teams should maintain a presence in their negotiation
rooms in anticipation of visits from other negotiators. (Six rooms, one for each
candidate country)
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Poland
Romania
Turkey
5:15-5:30
Feedback from meetings to Spanish presidency. Spanish Officials to
Attend: Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, COREPER.
Solana, Patten, Prodi, Vergheugen
Other Meetings as Needed
Other meetings as determined by participants in accordance with the
Guidelines which specifically indicate work that must be completed
before Sunday morning. These meetings should take place after the
evening banquet at locations agreed to in advance by the participants.
Banquet all Participants
Time and Location will be in the printed program
29
Sunday, 6 January 2002
Conference Center at Hotel Krystal
10:00-12:00 p.m.
Lecture Hall
Order of Events:
1. General Affairs (Spain’s Foreign Minister) announces which chapters will be closed
for each country
2. ESDP progress reported by Spain’s Defence Minister
3. Report of Turkey-EU the extent to which Turkey has met the demands discussed.
Foreign Ministers, Spain and Turkey
4. Conclusions of the Presidency by the Spanish Prime Minister
Photo Opportunities
12:00-1:30 p.m.
Awarding of Certificates of Completion
Closing luncheon at Hotel Krystal
30
