WRITING OBJECTIVES

Writing Objectives Dick & Carey Chp. 6 Barry Williams 1 Background - Performance Objectives  Robert Mager’s behavioral objectives – began in the 60’s – precise, clear statements of what students should be able to do at the end of instruction  Problems with behavioral objectives – formulated in isolation – seldom used Barry Williams 2 Terminology Instructional Goal When c onv erted to a behavoral objectiv e Becomes a terminal objectiv e Skills derived in the anly sis of the steps of the goal analysis Are called Subordinate skills Subordinate objectives Terminal Objectiv e Step in Goal Analysis Barry Williams Step in Goal Analysis Step in Goal Analysis Instructional Goal 3 Synonyms for Performance Objectives   Behavioral Objectives Instructional Objectives Barry Williams 4 Components of Performance Objective 1. Skill or behavior what the learner will be able to do Example: “Add two, three-digit, positive numbers” Barry Williams 5 Components of Performance Objective 2. Conditions – tools the learner will use Example: “Using a calculator” Barry Williams 6 Components of Performance Objective 3. Criteria – used to evaluate the learner Example: “In four out of five number problems” Barry Williams 7 Source of the Skills or Behaviors  Derived from the sub-skills under the instructional analysis steps – The test: Ask, “Can I observe the learner doing this?”(skill)  If precise, the sub skills don’t need to be modified Some Intellectual Skills Verbs are: – discriminate – identify – classify – demonstrate – generate 8  Barry Williams Types of Behaviors 1. Intellectual & verbal skills describe the skill & the intent 2. Psychomotor skills specified by verbs like: jogging, painting, brushing, etc. 3.Attitudinal skills – choosing between options Barry Williams 9 The “A, B, C and Ds” of Behavioral Objectives   Audience – Who is your target group? Behavior – An observable action  Condition – Tools or skills they will need  Degree – Level of acceptable performance 10 Barry Williams Conditions 1. Give the cue needed for the learner to search LTM for the answer – write, name, select, list 2. Includes – resource materials / tools Barry Williams 11 Conditions (cont’d) 3. Control the complexity of the task to match the audience level Two examples: – Given three sockets, pick the hex socket (audience: beginning mechanics) – Given a 1500-piece toolbox, select the metric 3/8 drive thin-wall, 8 mm. impact socket (audience: master mechanics) Barry Williams 12 Criteria (Degree) includes What behavior is acceptable or  The limits of acceptable behavior  – limits include: single answer  a range  checklist (psychomotor)  tally or anecdotal record (attitudinal)  Barry Williams 13 Steps in Writing Objectives Summary 1.Edit goal to reflect performance 2.Write terminal objective to reflect context of learning environment the instructional area, the workplace, and the audience 3. Write objectives for each step in the goal analysis that have no sub steps Barry Williams 4. Write objectives that reflect the sub steps or write objectives for the subs steps 5.Write objectives for all subordinate skills 6. Write objectives for entry behaviors if needed 14 Summary Background of behavior objectives  Synonyms for Performance Objectives  Components of Performance Objective  – A,B,C,D  Steps in Writing Objectives Barry Williams 15