Research Owned and Published Globally by the Paper Store, Inc. 1-800-90-WRITE “Sociological paradigms”
First of all, let us consider some of the main sociological paradigms, and how they differ in their interpretation of social structures and the behaviours of groups and individuals. Then, we can examine the relationship of these theoretical perspectives to the „real world‟, in terms of the way individuals perceive and construct their social environment. Of the various theoretical perspectives extant, the structural-functional, social conflict and symbolic interaction paradigms are probably the most familiar. All three present ways in which a sociologist can evaluate the underlying dynamics and drivers of social interaction, and by doing so, offer rationales for dysfunctional or deviant behaviours and how these might best be addressed. Macionis (2001) describes the structural-functional perspective as one which sees society as a complex system in which all the parts “work together to promote solidarity and stability” (Macionis, 2001). That is, the structure of society contains patterns and frameworks which dictate the optimum function of the social order, and it is adherence and conformity to these patterns which maintain stability. In many ways it is analogous to a biological model: in the human body, there are numerous interactive systems which continually interact to maintain life and health. We cannot make arbitrary, radical changes to the body as a whole without devastating consequences, although it is certainly possible to adjust, change or adapt certain functions within the wider context, and create a more healthy organism as a result. Amputating a gangrenous limb, for instance, can ensure the survival of the body, but only if the surgery is carried out under very
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