This paper is dedicated to the memory of Linda Anderson, research writer and well of wisdom. Organizing for Innovation Introduction Organizational structure clarifies roles, responsibilities and decision making. Organizational design designates how and when individuals can cross boundaries and so ultimately affect organizational structure, but some structure types encourage innovation more than others. Among these are the matrix, horizontal, hybrid and network structures. Hierarchical Structures The functional and divisional structures are useful in hierarchical organizations, or government bureaucracy agencies. They are highly useful in pursuing (and achieving) economies of scale, and they enable in-depth knowledge and skill development (Chapter 3, n.d.). They are not conducive for encouraging innovation within the organization, however, and so are inappropriate for the organization seeking first a high degree of innovative behavior. Other Structures Matrix Structure A matrix organization is one in which there is no traditional hierarchy on the order of a single person at the top being supported by a wealth of people increasing in number at every downward movement of the hierarchy. Standard business organizational structure provides distinct boundaries and contributes to creation of the "silo effect" where information moves up along the vertical portion of the organization but where lateral movement is virtually impossible without concerted effort to disseminate information in any direction that deviates from the up and down path provided by the hierarchical structure. The matrix structure, however, allows for – and even encourages – much more communication across departmental lines and responsibilities. It may take on the same type of general appearance when reduced to an organizational structure but also may take on a form as a true matrix. One individual may formally report to two department heads. Alternatively,