Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City 12 An English-to-Chinese language resource for interpreters and bilingual staff in New York City’s courts, justice agencies, and nonprofit organizations DISCLAIMER The Vera Institute of Justice has prepared this legal glossary in collaboration with experienced interpreters and bilingual staff. While extensive revision and review was undertaken to ensure the accuracy of all terms in this glossary, the Vera Institute does not guarantee the accuracy of the translations. It is not intended to provide legal advice and should be used for general reference purposes only. If you have a specific legal concern or question, you should consult legal counsel. For more information, please contact the Vera Institute’s Communications Department at (212) 334-1300. © 2007 Vera Institute of Justice The Vera Institute of Justice is a private, nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing safety and justice, promoting fair and efficient policy and practice, and working with leaders of government and civil society to improve the systems people rely upon for safety, security, and justice. Vera is a founding member of the Altus Global Alliance. TRANSLATING JUSTICE: A TRADITIONAL CHINESE GLOSSARY FOR NEW YORK CITY The Vera Institute of Justice developed this translated glossary of criminal and juvenile justice terms to serve as a resource for interpreters, translators, and bilingual staff at New York City’s justice and public safety agencies, courts, and nonprofit organizations. We hope the use of this glossary will improve Chinese-speaking New Yorkers’ access to justice, and will assist interpreters, translators, and bilingual staff in providing vital communication—both written and oral—to limited English proficient residents of our city. The glossary includes 640 legal and criminal justice words and phrases used in New York courts, justice agencies, and nonprofit organizations. The terms are organized both alphabetically and in the following categories—Agency Names, Court Proceedings & Sentencing, Detention & Corrections, Drugs & Weapons, Juvenile Justice, Law Enforcement & Investigations, Penal Law & Offenses, and Probation & Parole. Existing glossaries from New York agencies and other state justice agencies were used as a starting point and ongoing reference for the project. We commissioned a team of bilingual staff and interpreters to collaboratively generate translations for the terms. Collectively, the translation team had decades of interpreting and translating experience and were representative of the regional diversity of the Chinese-speaking world. Our translation team tirelessly discussed each term and collectively decided on a translation or, in some cases, multiple translations. This final product reflects the thought, discussion, and collaboration our reviewers invested in this document. While we took great care to be inclusive and thorough in developing this glossary, we recognize that there may be errors, omissions, or additional translations for the terms in the glossary. We welcome any suggestions you have to improve the glossary. Please contact the Vera Institute’s Communications Department at (212) 334-1300 to share your comments. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This project was made possible with generous support and funding from the New York City Council and the Council’s Committee on Fire & Criminal Justice Services. We would like to thank the following individuals for their advice and guidance throughout the course of this project: Nathalie Alvarado, NYC Department of Probation; Kimberly Arena, NYC Law Department; Sandra Bryan, NYS Office of Court Administration Interpreting Services; Mari Curbelo, Criminal Justice Agency; John Evangelista, NYC Department of Probation; Nancy Festinger, Southern District of New York Court Interpreter’s Office; Megan Golden, Vera Institute of Justice; Linda Green, Manhattan Treatment Court volunteer; Anita Khashu, Vera Institute of Justice; Krista Larson, Vera Institute of Justice; Yumari Martinez, Vera Institute of Justice; Kleber Palma, NYC Department of Education Translating Unit; Pedro Perez, NYS certified court interpreter; Cynthia Peterson, NYC Office of the Criminal Justice Coordinator; Lisa Poris, Legal Information for Families Today; Officer Mildred Roman, New York City Police Department; Yanet Santiago, Safe Horizon; Barbara Taveras; Luisa Taveras, Vera Institute of Justice; Diane Ward, NYC Department of Correction; and Jon Wool, Vera Institute of Justice. We would like to thank the four individuals who worked collaboratively on the traditional Chinese translation of this glossary: Kwan Kit Chan Mr. Chan is a bilingual staff member of the New York City Asian Women’s Center, a nonprofit domestic violence agency. Maria Ho Ms. Ho is a bilingual staff member of the Chinese American Planning Council, a nonprofit organization that serves New York City’s Asian communities. Stella Lay Ms. Lay is a certified Cantonese and Mandarin court interpreter with the New York State Office of Court Administration. Way Moy Mr. Moy is a certified Cantonese and Mandarin court interpreter with the New York State Office of Court Administration.Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -1 -A TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Abandonment 􈛿棄Penal Law & Offenses Abet 教􈉍 ; 􈌂動; 􈤕恿Court Proceedings & Sentencing Abortion 􈬸􈭴 Penal Law & Offenses Abscond 􈟛逃Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Absconder 􈟛逃􈞿 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Accessory 􈤓􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Accessory after the fact 􈉃􈶒􈤓􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Accessory before The fact 􈉃􈡔􈤓􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Accessory during the fact 􈟇􈒇􈤓􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Accomplice 共􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Accusatory instrument 控告􈂫􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Accuse (v.) 􈦁控Court Proceedings & Sentencing Accused (n.) 􈰙告Court Proceedings & Sentencing Acquit 􈋽告􈂚􈤧 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Acquittal 􈋽􈮨􈂚􈤧 ; 􈂚􈤧􈋶􈄘 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Adjourn 􈔸期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Adjournment in contemplation of dismissal (ACD) 􈔸期􈫵􈍙 (ACD) Court Proceedings & Sentencing Adjudicate 􈮨決Court Proceedings & Sentencing Adjudication of delinquency 􈤧􈮨決為青􈍑年􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -2 -A TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Adjustment 􈣿􈢛 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Administer an oath 監􈋤 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Admissibility 可􈞤為􉟍 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Admissible evidence 可􈢉納􈠿􈥸據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Admission [into custody or incarceration] 􈎠􈒚 Detention & Corrections Admission [statement or confession] 􈐈􈞊 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Admit into evidence 􈞤􈝋為􉟍 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Adultery 􈮈姦Penal Law & Offenses Affidavit 􈋽􈋤􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Affirm (v.) 􈐈􈞊 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Aftercare 假􈋶 Juvenile Justice Aggravated arson 􈑹􈌴􈤜􈴦 Penal Law & Offenses Aggravated assault 􈑹􈌴攻擊Penal Law & Offenses Aggravated criminal contempt 􈑹􈌴􉍫􈐣􈅟􈢕 Penal Law & Offenses Aggravated harassment 􈑹􈌴􈍰􈘥 Penal Law & Offenses Aggravated sexual abuse 􈑹􈌴􈌴􈰸待Penal Law & Offenses Aggravated theft 􈑹􈌴盜􈡽 Penal Law & Offenses Aggravated unlicensed operation of a vehicle 􈑹􈌴􈂚􈮺駕􉑷 Penal Law & Offenses Aggravating circumstances 可加􈥩􈤧􈲇􈠿􈢘􈵖 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -3 -A TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Aid and abet 􈲻􈤓 Penal Law & Offenses Allegation (n.) 􈌿􈁒 ; 􈑂􈏶 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Allege (v.) 􈌿􈬳 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Allocution [by defendant in a guilty plea] 􈧂􈏶􈅜􈤧過􈢰 [􈰙告􈠇􈞊􈤧􈐚􈑂􈏶] Court Proceedings & Sentencing Amend 􈎐改Court Proceedings & Sentencing Ammunition 􈭖􈓊 Drugs & Weapons Appeal 􈊟􈍪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Appearance 􈫨􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Appellant 􈊟􈍪􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Appellate court 􈊟􈍪􈅟􈚭 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Appoint (v.) 􈦁􈢓 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Apprehend [a person] 􈪌􈯩􈁨􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Arbitration 􈥧􈠑 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Armed felony 􈦀械􈥩􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Arraign (v.) 􈡑􈑋 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Arraignment 􈣊􈑔 ; 過􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Arrest (v.) 􈪌􈯩 Law Enforcement & Investigations Arrest record 􈪌􈯩記􇽵 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Arrest warrant 􈪌􈯩􇽈 Law Enforcement & Investigations Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -4 -A TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Arson 􈤜􈴦 Penal Law & Offenses Assault (n.) 攻擊Penal Law & Offenses Assault rifle 攻擊􈆍􈨟 Drugs & Weapons Assessment 􈯓􉁿 Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Assigned counsel 公􈌡􈅱􈴇􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Assistant Corporation Counsel (ACC) 􈣝􇿓􈢚􈇉􇾹􈉗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Assistant District Attorney (ADA) 􈣝􇿓􈥽區檢􈨅官Court Proceedings & Sentencing Attest 􈥸􈁒 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Attorney 􇾹􈉗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Attorney-client privilege 􇾹􈉗􈔛當􈉃􈝸􈠿􈎗􈃖權Court Proceedings & Sentencing Auto stripping 􉥼􈱻汽􈧬 Penal Law & Offenses Automatic pistol 􈟀動􈎝􈨟 Drugs & Weapons Await sentence 等待􈮨􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Await trial 􈶋􈑔 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -5 -B TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Badge (n.) 警􈟶 Law Enforcement & Investigations Bail (n.) 􈆈􈋶金Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Bail bond 􈆈􈋶單Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Bail out (v.) 􈆈􈋶; 􈆈􈋶􈘑􈫨 Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Bail revocation 􈩣􈍮􈆈􈋶 Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Ballistics 􈭖道􈰷 Drugs & Weapons Bench conference 􈅟􈋫􈡔􈵬􈝈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Bench trial 􈅟官單獨􈑔􈮨 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Bench warrant 􈅟􈚭拘􈯩􇽈 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Beyond a reasonable doubt 􈪦􈚱􈱗􇿓􈠿􈵪􈝀 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Bigamy 􈥩􈴏 Penal Law & Offenses Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) 􈲷􈒲􈥍􈢲􈱌􇼖 (BAC) Drugs & Weapons; Law Enforcement & Investigations Bond (n.) 􈆈􈋶單Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Booking 落􈒇 Law Enforcement & Investigations Bribery 􈵷􇾄 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Brief (n.) 􈍪􈊳 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Bullet 􈞲􈭖頭Drugs & Weapons Bulletproof vest 􈄪􈭖􈄷􈑖 Law Enforcement & Investigations Burden of proof 舉􈥸􈨸􈞙 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -6 -B TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Burglary 􈞤􈑑盜􈡽 Penal Law & Offenses Buy & bust operation 􈀱及拉; 􈀱抓􈲇動Drugs & Weapons; Law Enforcement & Investigations Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -7 -C TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Calendar 􈄲期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Calendar part 􈄲期􈅟􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Capacity to consent 􈅟􇾹􈊟􈠿同􈜻能􇼩 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Capital punishment 􈉠􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Carjacking 劫􈧬 Penal Law & Offenses Caseload 􈮮􈒇􇼖 Probation & Parole Casing 􈭖殼Drugs & Weapons Cemetery desecration 􈌠瀆公􈂄 Penal Law & Offenses Certificate of disposition 結􈒇􈥸􈁒 ; 結􈒇􈥸􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Certificate of relief from disabilities 􈵥􈆝􈑐去􈟅格􈥸􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Certified copy 經􈲂􈥸􈠿􈇀􈆩 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Chain of custody 􈛞系􇼽􈆈管Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Change of venue 改􈅯􈑔􈮨􈥽􈢈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Charge (n.) 控􈤧 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Charge (v.) 控告Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Child abuse 􈰸待􈑥童Penal Law & Offenses Child abuse/neglect proceeding 􈴕􈐣􈴍􈰸待􈑥童􈢰􈋎 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Child neglect 􈴕􈐣􈑥童Penal Law & Offenses Circumstantial evidence 􈄚􈥸 ; 間􈢉􈥸據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -8 -C TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Citation [legal reference] 􈞁據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Citation [summons] 􈡑􈰈 Law Enforcement & Investigations CJA panel attorney CJA 􇾹􈉗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Clear and convincing evidence 清􉒮􈴣􇽈􈝸􈐺􈆞􈠿􈥸據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Clear and present danger 􈃩􈠇􈃁􈩹􈠿􈚶􈲚 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Cocaine base 可􉝈􈝾鹼Drugs & Weapons Cocaine 可􉝈􈝾 Drugs & Weapons Coercion 強􈃩 ; 􈚹􈃩 Penal Law & Offenses Collateral attack [on a conviction] 􉏕􈲇􈠿攻擊[對􈁨􈮨決􈊟] Court Proceedings & Sentencing Collateral review 􉏕􈲇􈆤􈲂 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Collusion 勾結Penal Law & Offenses Commercial bribe receiving 􈎠􈎑􈊣􈔋􈵷􇾄 Penal Law & Offenses Commercial bribing 􈊣􈔋􈵷􇾄 Penal Law & Offenses Commitment 􈎠􈒚 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Community court 􈉧區􈅟􈚭 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Community service 􈉧區􈆞􈂏 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Commutation 減􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Competence of defendant 􈰙告􈠿􈜻􈐴能􇼩 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Competent evidence 􈛞􈶀􈠿􈥸據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -9 -C TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Competent to stand trial 􈛞􈎑􈑔能􇼩 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Complainant 􈚖告; 􈮒􈍪􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Complaint 􈮒􈍪􈋗 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Computer crime 􈡴腦􈅜􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Computer tampering 􈡴腦篡改Penal Law & Offenses Computer trespass 􈡴腦􈬨􈞤 Penal Law & Offenses Concurrent sentence/term 同􈐚􈧖􈲇􈳈期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Conditional release/discharge 􈛞􈣨件􈋶􈄘 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Conditions of parole 假􈋶􈣨件Probation & Parole Conditions of probation 􈎗􈲇為􈠿􈣨件Probation & Parole Conditions of release 􈋶􈄘􈣨件Probation & Parole Confession 􈪔􈞊􈉵 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Confidential information 􈎗􈃖􈟅􈑋 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Consecutive sentence 􇼺􈍶􈧖􈲇􈳈期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Consent (n.) 同􈜻 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Consolidated action 拼􈱗􈮮􇿓 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Conspiracy 共􈁴 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Penal Law & Offenses Contempt of court 􉍫􈐣􈅟􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Contraband 􈛉禁􈰎 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections; Drugs & Weapons Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -10 -C TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Contract (n.) 􈱗􈓈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Controlled substance 􈎑管􈣃􈓌􈂵 Drugs & Weapons Convict (n.) 􈤧􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Convict (v.) 􈮨決􈛞􈤧 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Conviction 􈢓􈤧 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Corporation Counsel’s Office 􈢚􈇉􇾹􈉗􈮮公􈑑 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Corrections officer 􈧝教官; 􈗚􈤎 Detention & Corrections Corroborate 􈴳􈑒 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Corroborating affidavit 􈴳􈑒􈋽􈋤􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Corroboration 􈴳􈑒 Penal Law & Offenses Count (n.) 􈤧􈲇 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Counterfeiting 偽􈤂 Penal Law & Offenses Course of sexual conduct against a child 對􈑥童􈠿􈌴􈅜􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Court 􈅟􈢕 ; 􈅟􈚭 (􈅟官) Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court appearance 􈫨􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court clerk 􈅟􈢕􈋗記Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court order 􈅟􇽈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Court part 􈅟􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Crack (n.) 􈬴克Drugs & Weapons Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -11 -C TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Crime 􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Crime of terrorism 恐􈯦􈤨􈝂􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Crime scene 􈅜􈤧􈲩􈟣 Law Enforcement & Investigations Criminal conduct 􈅜􈤧􈲇為Penal Law & Offenses Criminal contempt 􈳈􈉃􈊟􉍫􈐣􈅟􈢕 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal court 􈳈􈉃􈅟􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Criminal facilitation 􈄙􈯄􈴍􈯄􇿈􈬵􈝸􈅜􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal impersonation 假􈁠􈬵􈝸􈑌份Penal Law & Offenses Criminal mischief and related offenses 􈳈􈉃􈍼􈱵􈴣􈊴關􈤧􈲇 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal negligence 􈳈􈉃􈍟􈴕 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal nuisance 􈳈􈉃􈞷􈘥 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal possession 􈈭􈅟􈗥􈛞 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal possession of a weapon 􈈭􈅟􈦀􈛞􈂘器Penal Law & Offenses Criminal purchase of a weapon 􈈭􈅟購􈀱􈂘器Penal Law & Offenses Criminal record 􈅜􈤧記􇽵 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Criminal sale of a firearm 􈈭􈅟􈍮􉔅軍􈴦 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal sale of marijuana 􈈭􈅟􈍮􉔅大􇿺 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal simulation 􈈭􈅟􈁩􈉇 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal solicitation 􈈭􈅟教􈉍 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -12 -C TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Criminal tampering 􈈭􈅟干􈖹 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal trespass 􈈭􈅟􈬨􈞤 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal use of a firearm 􈈭􈅟􈉈􈙑軍􈴦 Penal Law & Offenses Criminal usury 􈈭􈅟高􇿈貸Penal Law & Offenses Criminally negligent homicide 􈳈􈉃􈍟􈴕􈊐􈝸 Penal Law & Offenses Cross examination 對􈄙􈃺􈂪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Culpability 􈤧􈨸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Cumulative sentence 􇾜􈡀􈳈期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Custodial interference 􈄓􉖜監􈴇權Penal Law & Offenses Custody 監管Law Enforcement & Investigations; Juvenile Justice; Detention & Corrections Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -13 -D TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Dangerous instrument 􈚶􈲚器具Drugs & Weapons Deadly physical force 􈬛􈁑􈂘􇼩 Drugs & Weapons; Penal Law & Offenses Deadly weapon 􈬛􈁑􈂘器Drugs & Weapons Decline to prosecute 拒絕起􈍪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Defendant 􈰙告Court Proceedings & Sentencing Defense 􈅱􈴇 ; 􈅱􈄙 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Defense counsel/lawyer 􈅱􈴇􇾹􈉗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Definite sentence 􈛞期徒􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Delinquency 青􈍑年􈅜􈤧 Juvenile Justice Delinquency proceeding 青􈍑年􈅜􈤧􈍪􈎅 Juvenile Justice Delinquent 􈍑年􈅜 Juvenile Justice Designated felony act 􈦁􈢓􈥩􈤧􈲇為Juvenile Justice Desk Appearance Ticket (DAT) 􈫨􈢕􈰈 (DAT) Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detainee 􈰙拘􇾫􈞿 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Detention 拘􇾫 Detention & Corrections Determinate sentence 􈛞期徒􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Detoxification 戒毒Probation & Parole; Detention & Corrections Direct examination 􈑩􈄙􈃺􈂪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Directed verdict 􈦁􇽈􈠑決Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -14 -D TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Discharge 􈋶􈄘 Detention & Corrections; Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Discovery [or disclosure] 􈳤􈮈􈟅􇾌 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Dismiss a case 􈩣􈍮􈒇件Court Proceedings & Sentencing Dismissal 􈍮􈒇 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Dismissal with prejudice 􈫵􈍙􉏕􈝒􈛞􈮨􈢓 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Dismissal without prejudice 􈫵􈍙􉏕􈂼􈛞􈮨􈢓 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Disorderly conduct 􈍰􈘥公􉠻􈧌􈋎 Penal Law & Offenses Disposition 􈨼􇿓 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Dispositional hearing 􈨼􈬚􇽓􈑋 Juvenile Justice District Attorney (DA) 􈥽􈄙檢􈨅官(DA) Court Proceedings & Sentencing Diversion 􈡯􈝠􈉌􈅟􈢰􈋎 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Domestic violence 家􈢕􈯻􇼩 Penal Law & Offenses Domicile 􈤩􈍓 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Double jeopardy 􈞐􈒇􈝒決􈆻可􈥩􈑔 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Drive-by shooting 􉑷過􈨟擊Law Enforcement & Investigations Driving Under the Influence (DUI) 􈥍􈶒􈴍􈆞􈓌􈶒駕􉑷 (DUI) Penal Law & Offenses Driving While Intoxicated (DWI) 􈬀􈶒駕􉑷 (DWI) Penal Law & Offenses Drug (n.) 􈓌􈂵 ; 毒􈰎 Drugs & Weapons Drug abuse 濫􈙑􈓌􈂵 Drugs & Weapons Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -15 -D TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Drug addict 􉛨君􈞲 Drugs & Weapons Drug addiction 毒􉛨 Drugs & Weapons Drug counseling 戒毒􈆗導Drugs & Weapons Drug courier/mule 􈚌毒􈞿 Drugs & Weapons Drug paraphernalia 􈆞毒器具Drugs & Weapons Drug rehabilitation center 戒毒􈥦􈑖 Drugs & Weapons Drug testing 􈓌􈂵􈬇􈐤 Drugs & Weapons Drug trafficking 􈚌毒Penal Law & Offenses; Drugs & Weapons Duress 􈚹􉨈 ; 強􈃩 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -16 -E TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Early Case Assessment Bureau (ECAB) 􈣣期􈒇件􈯓􈢓􈣹 (ECAB) Court Proceedings & Sentencing Eavesdropping 􈡽􈪀 Penal Law & Offenses; Law Enforcement & Investigations Ecstasy 狂􈷑 ; 􈘣頭􈴶 Drugs & Weapons Embezzle 􉆺􈙑 Penal Law & Offenses Endangering the welfare of… 􈚶􈱵...􈆟􇿈 Penal Law & Offenses Enter a plea to the indictment 􈒅起􈍪􈋗答􈅱 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Entertain a motion 考􇼜動􈝈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Entrapment 􈞁􈝸􈅜􈤧 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Penal Law & Offenses Entry of judgment 􈮨決􈠿登􇽵 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Equal protection of laws 􈅟􇾹􈯐等􈆈􈴇 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Escape (n.) 逃􈥈 Probation & Parole; Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations Escape (v.) 逃跑Probation & Parole; Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations Evidence 􈥸據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Ex parte 單􈄙􈁋􈠿 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Excessive force 過􈇧􈠿􈂘􇼩 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Penal Law & Offenses Exclusionary rule 􈄲􈣕規􈢓 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Exhibit (n.) 􈥸􈂵 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Exoneration of bail 􈆈金􈄊􈵥 Detention & Corrections Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -17 -E TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Exploration of placement (EOP) 􈨼􈬚􈭟查(EOP) Juvenile Justice Expunge 􈊃􈣕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Extreme emotional disturbance 極端激動􈠿􈢘緒Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -18 -F TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Fabricate evidence 偽􈤂􈥸據Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Fact-finding hearing 􈉃􈑒􈣿查􈪀􈥸􈵬 Juvenile Justice Failing to respond to an appearance ticket 􈂼􈛞􈫨􈢕 Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Failure to appear (FTA) 􈂼􈛞􈫨􈢕 (FTA) Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing False imprisonment 􈈭􈅟拘禁Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections; Penal Law & Offenses Falsely reporting an incident 􈆊假􈒇 Penal Law & Offenses Family Court 家􈢕􈅟􈚭 Juvenile Justice Family Court Appearance Ticket (FCAT) 家􈢕􈅟􈚭􈫨􈢕􈰈 (FCAT) Juvenile Justice Felony 􈥩􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Female genital mutilation 􈡸􈱉女􈌴􈋇􈐯器Penal Law & Offenses Fencing 􈍮􈠁􈞿 ; 􈍮􈠁 Penal Law & Offenses File a motion 􈣊交動􈝈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing File notice of appeal 􈣊交􈊟􈍪􈮈􈦌 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Finding (n.) 􈠑決Juvenile Justice; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Fingerprints 􈦁􈂮 Law Enforcement & Investigations Firearms 􈨟械Drugs & Weapons First degree murder 􈞐級􈁴􈊐 Penal Law & Offenses Fixed sentence 􈛞期徒􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -19 -F TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Force (n.) 􈂘􇼩 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Forcible rape 強姦Penal Law & Offenses Forcible touching 強􈲇􈂕􈁥 Penal Law & Offenses Forfeiture 􈫫公; 􈁿􈎠 Law Enforcement & Investigations Forgery 偽􈤂 Penal Law & Offenses Foster care 寄􈓬 Juvenile Justice Fraud 欺􈉴 ; 􈉴􈯍 Penal Law & Offenses Fraudulent accosting 假􈜻答􉒇 Penal Law & Offenses Frisk 􈎟􈑌 Law Enforcement & Investigations Fugitive 逃􈅜 Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -20 -G TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Gambling 賭􈃚 Penal Law & Offenses Gang assault 群毆Penal Law & Offenses Good time [served on a sentence] 􈝒􈆞􈳈期Detention & Corrections Graffiti (n.) 塗􈑳 Penal Law & Offenses Graffiti (v.) 塗􈑳 Penal Law & Offenses Grand jury 大􈄿􈑔團Court Proceedings & Sentencing Grand larceny 巨􈒵􈬨􉞮􈬵􈝸􈠒􈂵 Penal Law & Offenses Guardian 監􈴇􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Guardian ad litem 􈍪􈎅監􈴇􈝸 Juvenile Justice Guilty plea 􈞊􈤧􈠿答􈅱 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Guilty verdict 􈛞􈤧􈠑決Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -21 -H TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Habeas corpus [writ of] 􈝸􈑌􈆈􈴇􇽈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Habitual offender 慣􈅜 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Hacker 􈶾客Penal Law & Offenses Halfway/transition house 􈥦途􈏑􈉯 Probation & Parole Handgun 􈎝􈨟 Drugs & Weapons Harassment 􈍰􈘥 Penal Law & Offenses Hate crime 仇􈐣􈅜􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Hazing 欺􈙁 Penal Law & Offenses Hearing (n.) 􈪀􈥸􈵬 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Hearing examiner 􈪀􈥸官Court Proceedings & Sentencing Hearsay 􈡑􈂯 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Heroin 􈱸洛􈖙 ; 􈅅􈇴 Drugs & Weapons Hindering prosecution 􈄓􉖜檢舉Penal Law & Offenses Homicide 􈊐􈝸 Penal Law & Offenses Hung jury 􈲣􈮨 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -22 -I TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Identity theft 􈑌份盜􈡽 Penal Law & Offenses Illegal possession of a gun 􈈭􈅟􈦀􈛞􈨟􈦃 ; 􈨟械Penal Law & Offenses Illegal search and seizure 􈈭􈅟􈎟查􈴣􉄥􇾫 Law Enforcement & Investigations Illegally seized evidence 􈈭􈅟􈫵得􈥸據Law Enforcement & Investigations Immigration hold 􈝠􈃐局􉄥􇾫 Detention & Corrections Immunity 􈵊􈁂權Court Proceedings & Sentencing Impeach [a witness] 􈨸難; 􈃮􈃫 [􈥸􈝸] Court Proceedings & Sentencing Imprisonment 關􈒚 Detention & Corrections Incapacitated person 􈂚􈟀􈆈能􇼩􈝸􈉅 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Incest 亂􇾴 Penal Law & Offenses Inciting to riot 􈌂動􈍰亂Penal Law & Offenses Incompetent person 􈂚􈲇為能􇼩􈝸􈉅 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Inculpatory statement 可􈞤􈤧供􈉵 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Indecent exposure 􈆻􈂫􈯻􇽭 Penal Law & Offenses Indeterminate sentence 􈆻􈢓期徒􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Indictment 起􈍪􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Indigent 窮􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Information 􈠊􇾌; 􈟅􇾌 ; 􈟅􈑋 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Informer/informant 告􈃖􈞿 Law Enforcement & Investigations Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -23 -I TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Infraction 􈛉􈅟 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Initial appearance 􈣎􈞐􈧦􈫨􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Insanity defense 􈢲􈑃􈑐􈊩􈅱􈴇 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Insurance fraud 􈆈􈲚􈉴􈯍 Penal Law & Offenses Intake 落􈒇 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections; Juvenile Justice Intent 􈜻圖Court Proceedings & Sentencing Interpreter 口􈔮􈚗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Interrogation [custodial] 􈃺􈂪 Law Enforcement & Investigations Intimidating a victim or witness 恐􉨈􈎑􈱵􈞿􈴍􈥸􈝸 Penal Law & Offenses Intoxication 􈥍􈬀 ; 濫􈙑禁􈓌 Drugs & Weapons Investigation and Report (I&R) 􈣿查􈔛􈆊告(I&R) Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Probation & Parole Involuntary manslaughter 過􈑐􈊐􈝸 Penal Law & Offenses Issuing a bad check 􈩯􈄊空頭􈦃􈰈 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -24 -J TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Jail (n.) 監􈗚 Detention & Corrections Jostling 􉎶􈡽􈴍企圖􉎶􈡽 Penal Law & Offenses Judge (n.) 􈅟官Court Proceedings & Sentencing Judgment 􈮨決Court Proceedings & Sentencing Jump bail 棄􈆈􈟛逃Penal Law & Offenses; Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Jurisdiction 管􈱊􈅝􈚷 Law Enforcement & Investigations Juror 􈄿􈑔􈚗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Jury 􈄿􈑔團Court Proceedings & Sentencing Jury part 􈑔􈮨􈢕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Justification 􈢢當􈴍􈱗􈅟􇿓􈛯 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Juvenile 青􈍑年Juvenile Justice Juvenile court 青􈍑年􈅟􈢕 Juvenile Justice Juvenile delinquency proceeding 青􈍑年􈅜􈤧􈍪􈎅 Juvenile Justice Juvenile delinquent 􈍑年􈤧􈅜 Juvenile Justice Juvenile offender 􈍑年􈥩􈅜 Juvenile Justice Juvenile petition 青􈍑年􈍪􈊳 Juvenile Justice Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -25 -K TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Kidnapping 綁架Penal Law & Offenses Knives 刀Drugs & Weapons Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -26 -L TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Lack of consent [on a sex offense] 􈂼經同􈜻 [􈌴攻擊] Penal Law & Offenses Larceny 􈈭􈅟􈬨􉞮􈠒􈂵 Penal Law & Offenses Latent prints 􈜨􈟿􈠿􈦁􈝻 Law Enforcement & Investigations Law 􈅟􇾹 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Law guardian 􈅟􇾹監􈴇􈝸 Juvenile Justice Lawyer 􇾹􈉗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Legal Aid Society 􈅟􇾹􈚠􈣝􈲻􈵬 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Lesser included charge 􈯟括􈠿較輕􈦁控Court Proceedings & Sentencing Lesser included offense 􈯟括􈠿較輕控􈤧 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Letter of disposition 結􈒇􈥸􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Liability 􈨸􈞙 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Litigate 􈍪􈎅 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Live ammunition 􈑒􈭖 Drugs & Weapons Local supervision 􈥽􈄙監管Probation & Parole Loitering 􈛽􈭪 Penal Law & Offenses Lookout [for a sale] 􈮛􈰓 Drugs & Weapons Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -27 -M TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Magistrate 􈠑􈮨官Court Proceedings & Sentencing Make/post bail 具􈆈 Detention & Corrections Malice aforethought 􈖹􈁴 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Mandatory minimum sentence 􈅟􈢓􈫁􈠛􈳈期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Mandatory sentence 􈅟􈢓􈳈期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Mandatory surcharge 􈅟􈢓􈢕􈈫 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Manslaughter 􈊐􈝸􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Marijuana 大􇿺 ; 􈪣 Drugs & Weapons Marked money [to buy] 􈛞記􈞊 [購􈀱] 􈦐􈯖 Law Enforcement & Investigations Marshal 􈧖􈲇官Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Material witness 􈥩􈘶􈥸􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Maximum sentence 􈫁高􈳈期Court Proceedings & Sentencing Mediation 􈣿􈱻 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Medical examiner 􈅟􈝉 Detention & Corrections; Law Enforcement & Investigations Menacing 􈝸􈑌􈚹􉨈 Penal Law & Offenses Mental disease/defect 􈢲􈑃􈧋􈆂􈴍缺􈱕 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Mental incapacity 􈢲􈑃􈊟􈂚能為􇼩􇼖 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Mentally ill 􈢲􈑃􈊟􈛞􈆂 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -28 -M TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Minor [juvenile] 􈂼􈌶年􈝸 Juvenile Justice Miranda hearing 􈃂蘭達􈪀􈥸􈵬 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Miranda rights 􈃂蘭達權􇿈 Law Enforcement & Investigations Miranda Rule 􈃂蘭達規􈬡 Law Enforcement & Investigations Miranda warning 􈃂蘭達警告Law Enforcement & Investigations Misapplication of property 濫􈙑􈠒產Penal Law & Offenses Misdemeanor 輕􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Mistrial 􈂚􈶀􈑔􈮨 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Mitigating circumstances 減輕􈤧􈨸􈠿􈢘􈵖 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Money laundering 􈍆􈡲 Penal Law & Offenses Monitoring 監􈐣 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Probation & Parole Moral turpitude 􈛞􈛉道德Court Proceedings & Sentencing Motion (n.) 動􈝈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Motion to dismiss 􈩣􈍙動􈝈 Juvenile Justice; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Motive 􈅜􈤧動機Court Proceedings & Sentencing Mug shot 落􈒇􈊴􈯇 Law Enforcement & Investigations Murder (n.) 􈁴􈊐 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -29 -N TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Neglect (n.) 􈴕􈐣 Penal Law & Offenses Negligence 􈍟􈴕 Penal Law & Offenses Negligent manslaughter 過􈑐􈊐􈝸 Penal Law & Offenses New York City Department of Correction (DOC) 紐􈓈􈐕􈧝教􈋟 (DOC) Agency Names New York City Department of Juvenile Justice (DJJ) 紐􈓈􈐕青􈍑年􈉌􈅟􈇠 (DJJ) Agency Names New York City Department of Probation (DOP) 紐􈓈􈐕􈗿􈳈􈨼 (DOP) Agency Names New York City Family Justice Center 紐􈓈􈐕家􈢕􈉌􈅟􈥦􈑖 Agency Names New York City Law Department 紐􈓈􈐕􈅟􈂏􈨼 Agency Names New York City Police Department (NYPD) 紐􈓈􈐕警􈨅局(NYPD) Agency Names New York State Division of Criminal Justice Services (DCJS) 紐􈓈􈤳􈳈􈉃􈉌􈅟􈆞􈂏􈇠􈂱 (DCJS) Agency Names New York State Division of Parole 紐􈓈􈤳假􈋶􈨼 Agency Names New York State Office of Children and Family Services (OCFS) 紐􈓈􈤳􈑥童􈔛家􈢕􈆞􈂏􈮮公􈑑 (OCFS) Agency Names No true bill 􈆻􈔛起􈍪; 􈆻􈝋起􈍪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Nolle prosequi 􈆻起􈍪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Nolo contendere 􈆻􈅱􈆻􈞊 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Non-support of a child 􈆻􈂕􈓬􈞲女Penal Law & Offenses Notary public 公􈥸􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Notice (n.) 􈮈􈦌􈋗; 􈮈􈦌 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -30 -N TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Notice of appeal 􈊟􈍪􈮈􈦌􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -31 -O TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Oath 􈋤􈉵 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Objection 􈃮對Court Proceedings & Sentencing Obscenity 􈘔􈌠 Penal Law & Offenses Obstruction of justice 􈤅􉖜􈉌􈅟 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Penal Law & Offenses Offender 􈤧􈅜 Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Offense 􈤧􈲇 Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Offensive exhibition 􈆻􈂫􇽭􈪎 Penal Law & Offenses Order of protection 􈆈􈴇􇽈 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Organized crime 􈛞􈣹􈦟􈅜􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -32 -P TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Pardon 􈉸􈁂 Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Parole 假􈋶 Probation & Parole Parole [to release on…] 假􈋶 [􈋶􈄘…] Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Parole revocation 􈩣􈍙假􈋶 Probation & Parole Parole supervision 假􈋶監管Probation & Parole Parole violation 􈛉􈃮假􈋶 Probation & Parole Patronizing a prostitute 􈍌妓Penal Law & Offenses Pedigree information 個􈝸􈟅􇾌 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Penalty 􈧝􈅔 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Penitentiary 監􈗚 Detention & Corrections Perjury 偽􈥸 Penal Law & Offenses Perpetrator 􈅜􈤧􈞿 Penal Law & Offenses Persistent felony offender 􈞐貫􈠿􈥩􈤧􈅜 Penal Law & Offenses Persistent sexual abuse 􈦀􈍶􈠿􈌴􈰸待Penal Law & Offenses Persistent violent felony offender 􈞐貫􈠿􈯻􇼩􈥩􈤧􈅜 Penal Law & Offenses Persons In Need of Supervision 􈏈􈘶監管􈠿􈝸 Juvenile Justice Persons In Need of Supervision (PINS) proceeding 􈏈􈘶監管􈢰􈋎 (PINS) Juvenile Justice Petit larceny 􈍐􈒵􈬨􉞮􈠒􈂵 Penal Law & Offenses Petition (n.) 􈪂􈚮 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Juvenile Justice Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -33 -P TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Piracy 盜􈮫 Penal Law & Offenses Placement 􈒃􈬚 Juvenile Justice Plea (n.) 􈜴􈅱/答􈅱 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Plea agreement 􈞊􈤧􈲻􈝈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Plea bargain 􈞊􈤧減􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Plead guilty to a charge 􈞊􈤧 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Police car 􈏙邏􈧬 Law Enforcement & Investigations Police precinct 警􈨅局Law Enforcement & Investigations Possession 􈦀􈛞 ; 􈗥􈛞 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Drugs & Weapons Possession of gambling records 􈦀􈛞賭􈃚記􇽵 Penal Law & Offenses Post/make bail 具􈆈 Detention & Corrections Predicate felony offender 􈛞􈡔科􈠿􈥩􈤧􈅜 Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Premises 􈄗􈗘 ; 􈥽􈄙 Law Enforcement & Investigations Pre-plea Investigation report (PPI) 􈞊􈤧􈡔􈣿查/􈆊告(PPI) Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Preponderance of the evidence 較􈙝􈠿􈥸據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Pre-Sentence Investigation report (PSI) 􈮨􈳈􈡔􈣿查􈆊告(PSI) Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Presentment agency 檢控代􈰉 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Pretrial detention 􈑔􈡔拘􇾫 Detention & Corrections Pretrial discovery 􈑔􈡔􈳤􈮈􈟅􇾌 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -34 -P TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Pretrial release 􈑔􈡔􈟚􈋶 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Prima facie case 􈰉􈁋可􇿰􈒇􈠿􈒇件Court Proceedings & Sentencing Prior conviction 􈡔科Penal Law & Offenses; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Prison 監􈗚 Detention & Corrections Prisoner 􈎓􈅜 Detention & Corrections Pro se 􈟀為代􈍪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probable cause 􈱗􇿓􈚖􈝾 Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Law Enforcement & Investigations Probable cause hearing 􈱗􇿓􈚖􈝾􈠿􇽓􈑋 Juvenile Justice; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Probation 􈗿􈳈 (􈎗􈲇為) Probation & Parole Probation officer 􈗿􈳈官Probation & Parole Probation revocation 􈩣􈍙􈗿􈳈 Probation & Parole Probation termination 􈤚􈦈􈗿􈳈 Probation & Parole Probation violation 􈛉􈃮􈗿􈳈規􈬡 Probation & Parole Probationer 􈗿􈳈􈅜 Probation & Parole Proceeding 􈢰􈋎 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Proffer 􈞊􈤧􈣨件Court Proceedings & Sentencing Promoting gambling 􈣝􈠃賭􈃚 Penal Law & Offenses Promoting prostitution 􈣝􈠃􈀲􈜫 Penal Law & Offenses Property 􈠒產Law Enforcement & Investigations Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -35 -P TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Property crime 􈌮及􈠒產􈠿􈤧􈲇 Penal Law & Offenses Prosecution 起􈍪 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Prosecutor 控􈄙 ; 檢控官Court Proceedings & Sentencing Prostitute 妓女Penal Law & Offenses Prostitution 􈀲􈜫 Penal Law & Offenses Protective custody 􈟚􈐚寄􈓬 Law Enforcement & Investigations Public defender 公􈌡􈅱􈴇􇾹􈉗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Public lewdness 當􈥨􈘔􈌠 Penal Law & Offenses Punishment 􈨼􈅔 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -36 -R TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Racketeering 敲􈉴􇾾􈋄 Penal Law & Offenses Rap sheet 􈅜􈉃記􇽵 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Rape 強姦Penal Law & Offenses Rearrest notification 􈥩􈐿􈪌􈯩􈮈􈦌 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Probation & Parole Reasonable cause 􈱗􇿓􈚖􈝾 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Reasonable doubt 􈱗􇿓􈵪􈝀 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Reasonable force 􈱗􇿓􈂘􇼩 Law Enforcement & Investigations Receiving stolen property 􈎠􈎑􈠁􈂵 Penal Law & Offenses Reckless assault 􇽮􈀤􈬨􈅜 Penal Law & Offenses Reckless endangerment 􈞙􈜻􈚶􈱵􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Record 記􇽵 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Recuse (v.) 􉪮􈰚 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Rehabilitation 改􈤂 Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Released on Own Recognizance (ROR) 􈟀􈆈􈘑􈫨 (ROR) Court Proceedings & Sentencing; Detention & Corrections Remain silent 􈆈􈦀􈬫􈂦 Law Enforcement & Investigations Remand (n.) 􈵄􈒚 Juvenile Justice; Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Remand (v.) 􈄊􈵥􈥩􈑔 Juvenile Justice; Probation & Parole Rent gouging 􈣴金欺􈉴 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -37 -R TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Residential treatment 􈤩􈚭􈬐􇾎 Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Resisting arrest 拒􈯩 Penal Law & Offenses Respondent 􈰙告; 答􈅱􈝸 Juvenile Justice Restitution 􈄼􈊢 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Restitution and reparation 􈄼􈊢􈴣􈆔􈊢 Penal Law & Offenses Retribution 􈧝􈅔 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Revocation 􈩣􈍙 Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Rifle 􇼃􈆟􈨟 ; 􈠃􈨟 Drugs & Weapons Riot 􈍰亂; 􈯻動Penal Law & Offenses Risk/needs assessment 􈰓􈲚/􈏈求􈯓􉁿 Juvenile Justice; Probation & Parole Robbery 􉢕劫Penal Law & Offenses Rosario Rosario 􈠊􇾌 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Runaway 􇿟家􈫨􈥈 Juvenile Justice Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -38 -S TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Sale or exchange 􈍮􉔅􈴍交􈴼 Penal Law & Offenses Sanction 􈣃􈠑 Probation & Parole; Juvenile Justice Seal the record 􈆭􈒇 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Search (n.) 􈎟查Law Enforcement & Investigations Search and seizure 􈎟查􉏕􉄥􇾫 Law Enforcement & Investigations Search incident to an arrest 􈪌􈯩 􈐚􈥺􈎟查Law Enforcement & Investigations Search warrant 􈎟查􇽈 Law Enforcement & Investigations Second degree murder 􈝊級􈁴􈊐 Penal Law & Offenses Seizure 􉄥􇾫 Law Enforcement & Investigations Self defense 􈟀􈛆 ; 􈢢當􈄪􈛆 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Semi-automatic gun 􈃭􈟀動􈨟械Drugs & Weapons Sentence (n.) 􈮨􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Sentencing hearing 􈮨􈳈􈪀􈥸􈵬 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Sex offense 􈌴􈅜􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Sexual abuse 􈌴􈰸待Penal Law & Offenses Sexual assault 􈌴􈬨􈅜 Penal Law & Offenses Sexual intercourse 􈌴交Penal Law & Offenses Sexual misconduct 􈆻軌􈠿􈌴􈲇為Penal Law & Offenses Sexual predator 􈌴􈬨􈅜􈞿 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -39 -S TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Sheriff 警􈠃 Law Enforcement & Investigations Shotgun 􇽇􈨟 ; 􈊅􈭖􈨟 Drugs & Weapons Sodomy 􉁽姦Penal Law & Offenses Speedball [mix of cocaine & heroin] 強􈶀􈷎􈇬􈣄 Drugs & Weapons Speedy trial 􈍹􈑔 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Split sentence 􈇧􈅔􈠿􈮨􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Stalking 􈃮􈆝􈍰􈘥􈴣􈚹􈳁 ; 􈚹􈳁􈌴􈠿􉆃􉠐 Penal Law & Offenses Statement 供􈉵 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Status offender 􈂼到􈅟􈢓年􇽙􈠿􈅜􈉃􈞿 Juvenile Justice Status offense 􈂼到􈅟􈢓年􇽙􈠿􈅜􈉃 Juvenile Justice Statute 􈅟􇾹 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Statute of limitations 􈅟􈢓􈐚􈱇 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Stay (n.) 􈟚􈗿 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Steerer [assists in a sale by directing customers] 􈬿􈎝 Drugs & Weapons Stickup 􉢕劫Drugs & Weapons Stipulation of settlement 􈲻􈝈 ; 􈲻􈝈􈋗 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Stolen property 􈠁􈂵 Penal Law & Offenses Stop and frisk 􈢏􈤩􈎟􈑌 Law Enforcement & Investigations Strict liability 􈶒果􈊟􈠿􈨸􈞙 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -40 -S TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Subpoena 􈡑􈰈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Summons 􈡑􈴷 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Suppression of evidence 禁􈣃􈥸據Court Proceedings & Sentencing Supreme Court 高等􈅟􈚭 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Surveillance 監􈐣 Law Enforcement & Investigations Suspect (n.) 􈲹􈅜 Law Enforcement & Investigations Suspended judgment 􈟚􈗿􈮨決Court Proceedings & Sentencing Suspended sentence 􈗿􈳈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -41 -T TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Taking into custody 拘􈒚 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Detention & Corrections Tampering with a consumer product 對􈍙􈈫􈰎􈠿干􈖹 Penal Law & Offenses Technical violation 技􈏵􈊟􈛉規Probation & Parole Temporary order of protection 􈟚􈐚􈆈􈴇􇽈 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Temporary restraining order 􈟚􈐚管􈣃􇽈 Law Enforcement & Investigations; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Testify 􈟇􈥸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Testimony 􈥸􈉵 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Theft 盜􈡽 Penal Law & Offenses Theft of services 􈡽􈫵􈆞􈂏 Penal Law & Offenses Time served 􈝒􈊴􈠠􈳈期Detention & Corrections; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Trace 􈷂􈡉 Drugs & Weapons Trademark counterfeiting 偽􈤂􈊣􈰅 Penal Law & Offenses Treatment 􈬐􇾎 Drugs & Weapons Trespass (v.) 􈬨􈞤 Penal Law & Offenses Trespasser 􈬨􈞤􈞿 Penal Law & Offenses Trial 􈑔􈮨 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -42 -U TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Unauthorized use of a vehicle 􈂼經􈎞權􈉈􈙑􈧬􇼕 Penal Law & Offenses Unauthorized use of credit card, debit card or public benefit card 􈂼經􈎞權􈉈􈙑􈐺􈙑􉝈、􈧡記􉝈􈴍􈆟􇿈􉝈 Penal Law & Offenses Unconditional release/discharge 􈂚􈣨件􈋶􈄘 Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing United States Attorney's Office (USAO) 􈃃國􈪺檢􈨅􈠃􈮮公􈑑 (USAO) Agency Names Unlawful assembly 􈈭􈅟􈧛􈵬 Penal Law & Offenses Unlawful imprisonment 􈈭􈅟拘禁Penal Law & Offenses Unlawful possession 􈈭􈅟􈗥􈛞；􈈭􈅟􈦀􈛞 Penal Law & Offenses Unlawful possession of a weapon 􈈭􈅟􈦀􈛞 ; 􈗥􈛞􈂘器Penal Law & Offenses Unmarked police car 􈯄􈠀警􈧬 Law Enforcement & Investigations Unreasonable search and seizure 􈆻􈱗􇿓􈠿􈎟查􈴣􉄥􇾫 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -43 -V TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Vandalism 􈍼毀􈲇為Penal Law & Offenses Vehicular assault 駕􈧬攻擊Penal Law & Offenses Vehicular manslaughter 駕􈧬􈊐􈝸 Penal Law & Offenses Venue 􈑔􈮨􈥽􈢈 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Verdict 􈮨決Court Proceedings & Sentencing Victim 􈎑􈱵􈞿 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Victim-impact statement 􈰙􈱵􈶒果􈧂􈏶 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Violation 􈛉􈅟；􈛉規Law Enforcement & Investigations; Probation & Parole; Court Proceedings & Sentencing Violent crime 􈯻􇼩􈅜􈤧 Penal Law & Offenses Violent offense 􈯻􇼩􈤧􈲇 Penal Law & Offenses Voluntary manslaughter 故􈜻􈊐􈝸 Penal Law & Offenses Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -44 -W TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Waive 􈄘棄Court Proceedings & Sentencing Warden 􈗚􈠃 Detention & Corrections Warrant 􈲔可􇽈 Law Enforcement & Investigations Weapon 􈂘器Drugs & Weapons Welfare fraud 􈆟􇿈欺􈉴 Penal Law & Offenses Wiretapping 􈡽􈪀 Penal Law & Offenses; Law Enforcement & Investigations Witness 􈥸􈝸 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Work release 工􈟇􈊟􈠿假􈋶 Detention & Corrections Writ 􇽈􈊳 Court Proceedings & Sentencing Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -45 -Y TERM TRADITIONAL CHINESE TRANSLATION CATEGORY Youthful offender 􈍑年􈅜 Juvenile Justice Translating Justice: A Traditional Chinese Glossary for New York City -46 -REFERENCES General Black’s Law Dictionary: Abridged Fifth Edition. St. Paul, MN: West Publishing Company, 1983. Criminal Law Handbook of New York. Binghamton, NY: Gould Publications, 2003. New York Family Law Handbook. Binghamton, NY: Gould Publications, 2006. Chinese Kiang, Yi-seng. An English-Chinese Glossary of American Criminal Law and Criminal Procedure Law. Boston: Cheng & Tsui Company, 1989. Li, Zhong E. (Ed.) Everyday Law Compendium for Hong Kong (Vols. 1-3). Hong Kong: Commercial Press, 1991. 􇿎􈤒锷􈯉 . 􈲐􈱨􈞔􈙑􈅟􇾹大􈡒 . 􈲐􈱨：􈊣􈂏􈝻􈋗館(􈲐􈱨)􈛞􈱇公􈉌, 1991 年Lu, Gusun. (Ed.) English-Chinese Dictionary (Unabridged). Hong Kong: Joint Publishing Company, 1992. 􇾲谷􈍺 􈤨􈯈 . 􈖙􈱀大􈉵􈡓 . 􈲐􈱨: 􈊓􇼷􈋗􈢂(􈲐􈱨)􈛞􈱇公􈉌, 1992 An English-Chinese Dictionary of Law. Shanghai: local publisher, 1985. 􈖙􈱀􈅟􇾹􈉵􈡓 . 􈊟􈱸: 􈅟􇾹􈫨􈮫􈉧, 1985