Introduction and Methodology

Chapter – I Introduction and Methodology 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. Background of Preparation of the C-DAP The need for integrated local area plans, based on specific endowments and needs of each area, was stressed from the beginning of planned development. However, despite several reports and studies, only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning could be located. It has therefore been decided by the Govt. of India that the 'District Plan Process' should be an integral part of the process of preparation of State's NEXT Five Year Plan. This was emphasized by the Hon’ble Prime Minister in his address to the National Development Council (NDC). Concerned by the slow growth in the agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC), in its meeting held on 29 May 2007 conceived a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme (ACA) and passed a resolution to that effect. 1.2. NDC Resolution Concerned by the slow growth in the Agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC), in its meeting held on 29th May, 2007 resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance Scheme (RKVY) be launched. The NDC resolved that agricultural development strategies must be reoriented to meet the needs of farmers and called upon the Central and State governments to evolve a strategy to rejuvenate agriculture. The NDC reaffirmed its commitment to achieve 4 per cent annual growth in the agricultural sector during the 11th plan. The Resolution with respect to the Additional Central Assistance scheme reads as below: GoI will Introduce a new Additional Central Assistance scheme to incentivise States to draw up plans for their agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro-climatic conditions, natural resource issues and technology into account, and integrating livestock, poultry and fisheries more fully. This will involve a new scheme for Additional Central Assistance (ACA) to State Plans, administered by the Union Ministry of Agriculture over and above its existing Centrally Sponsored schemes, to supplement the State-specific strategies including special schemes for beneficiaries of land reforms. The newly created National Rainfed Area Authority will on request assist States in planning for rainfed areas. To rejuvenate agriculture during NEXT Plan, the National Development Council has reaffirmed its commitment to achieve a growth rate of 4 % per annum. As agriculture growth is an essential element of the strategy to make growth more inclusive, the NDC in its resolution advised the State Governments to prepare Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) that will fully utilise available resources and will include allied agriculture sectors. 1.3. Issues and Challenges • In the NEXT Five Year Plan there has to be rigorous assembling of available data and facilitation of its analysis at the grass root level so that the developmental priorities could be arrived to adopt the best course of action for attaining the developmental objectives. This calls for evolving local norms and best practices for prioritising problems and choosing optional solution from a range of alternatives. -1- • • • The quality of participation needs to be widened and deepened. Conscious efforts have to be made to ensure that every section of society participates in the Grama Sabhas and Ward Sabhas and takes active part in discussions and dialogues in identifying and prioritising development issues, and in suggesting the optimum solution. Such discussions need to move beyond a neighbourhood or local focus to a local government. Local Governments must harness the services of best experts available in the plan preparation process. Different development departments of Government and the Local Governments will jointly ensure that every official of deputed to Local Governments plays an active part in the plan preparation process. As regards the type of plans, the focus has to shift to bringing about local economic development and improving the quality of public services with sharp focus on the poor and the marginalized. This calls for avoidance of small, wasteful projects and thin spread of resources and helps in preparation of programmes and projects having significant development impact covering large population and areas. Also careful planning is essential to achieve integration across sectors and along tiers of Local Governments as well as boundaries. This The Plans of individual Local Governments should organically merge into a District Plan emanating from a shared vision of development. This calls for an interactive process under the leadership of the District Planning Unit and State authorities. 1.4. Purpose CDAP Expects to Serve The need for integrated local area plans, based on specific endowments and needs of each area, was stressed from the beginning of planned development. However, despite several reports and studies, only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning could be located. It has therefore been decided by the Govt. of India that the 'District Plan Process' should be an integral part of the process of preparation of State's NEXT Five Year Plan. This was emphasised by the Hon’ble Prime Minister in his address to the National Development Council (NDC). 2. A Look at the Agriculture Policy and 11th Five Year Plan of the State 2.1 Agriculture Policy Arunachal Pradesh is slowly developing its economy with the objective of improving the quality of life of its people. The tasks ahead are up hill, the resources available are plenty but the ways and means to achieve the objective through gainful utilization of the resources are not well defined. Technology has been relegated to the back resulting in stagnation of growth. However, the state has gained much over the years, it is now necessary to consolidate the gains in order to make it sustainable and add new dimension during the coming years, so as to increase household income generation. Keeping all these factors in mind and the need for achieving higher economic growth and creating job opportunities for the rural unemployed through Agriculture and allied sector, it is necessary for the state to have a well defined policy. The policy should govern the entire gamut of Agriculture scenario of the sate. Towards that goal, the new State Policy (2001) on Agriculture has to deal with the multifaceted problems and devise ways & means to redress them. -2- The major constraints are low level of productivity, capital inadequacy, lack of infrastructural support, unfavourable terrain, and high cost of production along with demand side constraints. The non availability of basic preservation, storage and processing facilities, low value addition and unfavourable price of Agricultural commodities are severely affecting as a whole which directly encourages migration from rural areas to urban centers. The Policy Objectives The new policy would accord top priority to increasing the incomes of farmer's. This is necessary in view of the topographic disadvantages, communication bottleneck that hinders other income generating activities. The Policy, therefore, emphasizes all income generating activities like Cash crop, Floriculture, Fruit culture, Fish and Pig rearing, Agro-processing and so on along with all other activities that are considered necessary for the purpose. Special emphasis to be given on shifting cultivation, ensuring better land management, introducing improved cultivation in slop land through Agro-forestry, Horticulture and encouraging other household activities. The programme is to be designed in such a way that there would be simultaneous thrust in weaning the Jhum farmers towards better cultivation. In this regard observations of S.P. Shukla Commission Report on "Transforming the Northeast" (March 1997) pertaining to Jhum Farming is worth noting: "Hill farming in the Northeast is largely under Jhum though there are some excellent terraces in certain states and expanding patches of wet rice cultivation. Jhum farming is becoming less productive with a shrinking Jhum cycle and has caused erosion and forest regression in certain areas. Not all Jhumias resettlement schemes have worked well; nor can jhuming be ended all at one. The problem needs to be tackled sensitively as Jhum cultivation is also a way of life." " The ICAR has evolved a three-tier hill farming package combining forestry, Horticulture or tree farming and terraced cultivation as one moves down the hills. Jhum improvement is advocated by others and can be carried further through appropriate R&D. Nagaland has pioneered an excellent method of upgrading Jhum by interposing a strong and increasing component of agro-forestry through assisted tree planting of selected fast growing economic timber, the menu being a producer of meticulous exercise in bio-diversity mapping, documentation and breeding of plant material for Widespread propagation". Efforts would be made to formulate an area specific differentiated strategy taking into account the agronomic, climatic, socio-economic practices as well as the resource worthiness of the farmer. Special emphasis will be made for introducing the newly developed H.Y.V. seeds, improved planting material, adoption of new technology and mechanized farming. There would be a shift from the commodity approach to system approach in Agriculture. All the land based activities like that of Agriculture, Sericulture, Live Stocks, Fish rearing etc. would be given a new dimension and synergetic functional assignment. The ultimate objective is to create conditions which would help the farming community to maximize incomes. The policy will aim at avoiding duplication of programmes/works by different functionaries, as far a possible. Towards that end, there will be regular monitoring and evaluation of all schemes implemented by Agriculture and allied Departments through appropriate mechanism. -3- Importance will be accorded to identify new location specific and economically viable improved species of Agriculture, Horticulture, Livestock and Fish etc. Accordingly motivational aspect of Agriculture Extension would receive due attention. The entire extension system will be revitalized. Innovative and decentralized institutional change will be introduced to make extension system responsible and accountable. Development of human resources through capacity building and skill upgradation of Extension functionaries will receive due attention. Adequate and timely supply of inputs such as seed, fertilizer, pesticides, Agri-tools and implements, credit at reasonable rate to farmers will be provided by the Govt. and other institutions, subject to availability of resources and funds. Grater emphasis will be given to increase the consumption of such inputs for acheiving the targetted increase per unit area productivity. As far as possible use of organic manure/compost will be encouraged to avoid ill effects of inorganic fertilizers. Soil health card, quality testing of inputs like fertilizer, chemicals etc, will be introduced and supply of spurious inputs will be checked. On farm management of water, increasing the area under irrigation through the use of surface water and sub-surface water will receive added attention. Efforts would be made to create conditions that encourages participation of the private enterprises in the establishment of Agro-based industries. . An incentive package and guideline would be finalized ensuring participation of private sector & financial institutions in the Agricultural sector as a whole NABARD will have to play a major role in channelising investment . To meet local credit needs of farmers, Rural Credit Banks are to be set up. The new policy would encourage formation of "Self Help Group" , village committees at different levels . The village committee would be vested with the task of maintaining and managing the assets created so far like irrigation channel, terraces market shed etc. Location specific Agricultural research, based on identified agro-climatic zone will be accorded foremost importance. Development of need based technology package for achieving higher productivity would constitute the thrust area of the new policy. Effort will be made to build a well organized efficient and result oriented agricultural research & Education system for introducing technological changes in the Agricultural sector. Emphasis will be laid on development of marketing infrastructure and techniques of preservation, storage, and transportation etc. with a view to reduce the post harvest losses and ensuring a better return to the grower . Direct marketing and procurement by a notified State level procurement agency, as and when required with storage facilities of different items will be made available to the production areas. Upgradation and dissemination of market intelligence will receive particular attention. Efforts will be made to strengthen the market infrastructure. Setting up of Agro - processing units in production areas will be given due priority . To reduce post harvest wastage, effort would be made to add values specially to agricultural and horticultural produce by setting up small processing units. The small farmers Agricultural business consortium ( SFAC) will be activated to cater to the need of farmer entrepreneurs. -4- Tea will be brought under Agriculture sector, but for processing it may be under industries Sector. Market intervention scheme involving procurement through a notified agency will be implemented for selected Agricultural / Horticultural Crops so that farmers are assured of remunerative prices. The database for Agricultural sector will be strengthened to ensure greater reliability of estimates and forecasting which will help in the process of planning and policy making. It will be the endeavour of the Govt. to device a mechanism by which the floods and droughts affecting the agricultural production could be tackled. Provisions under national crop insurance scheme would be reviewed facilitating its introduction in the State. Subject to availability of funds in foot hill areas, water pumping system to be provided to exploit ground water . Further, contingency agriculture planning would be encouraged along with the use of drought and flood resistant crop variety in the affected areas. The state will have to bear the additional cost of implementation of the New Agricultural policy/Programmes and the annual plan allocation of funds to Agriculture and allied sectors will have to be increased correspondingly. 2.2. 11th Five Year plan 2.2.1 Agriculture Objectives • Maximizing income of the farmers. • Self-sufficiency in food grain production to meet up domestic requirement by the end of 11th Plan. • Efficient use of natural resources like soil, water and bio-diversity. • Growth with equity across the region and cover all categories of farmers. • Demand driven growth to cater the need of domestic market as well as maximize benefit from sale of agricultural products. Strategies • The growth in agricultural production needs to be made more dynamic, more stable and sustainable on long-term basis. • There should be a positive co-relationship between the population increase and agricultural production. • Making agriculture sustainable for the growth of agro-industry and long-term need of domestic consumption and marketing. • Providing adequate thrust in agricultural activities in non-traditional areas to achieve a balance growth to restrict regional disparities. • Creating better infrastructural facilities like Agricultural marketing, Agricultural research and local human resource development in agriculture. Approach & Priorities • Enhancing production & productivity of crops. -5- • • • • • • • Increase rate of seed replacement. Balanced use of organic & in-organic plant nutrients. Increasing area under irrigation facility. Regionally differentiated strategy. Re-organization of Agriculture research activities. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Technology. Emphasis on development of marketing infrastructure and processing facilities to ensure higher price to the farmers for their produces. Major Development Programmes Following on-going programmes of State Plans and Centrally Sponsored Schemes will continue to implement during 11th Plan as well as in Annual Plan 2007-08: State Plan • • • • • • • • • • Food Crop Production Agriculture Farm (maint. & seed production through Govt. seed farms) Manure & Fertilizer Plant Protection Commercial Crops Extension & Farmers training On Farm Water Management (50% assistance to the selected beneficiaries towards bank loan) Agriculture Engineering Agri Research & Education Agril. Marketing & Quality Control Centrally Sponsored Schemes with State share • National Pulses Development Programme (NPDP) • Oil seed production programme (OPP) • EARAS • Accelerated Maize Development Programme (AMDP) 2.2.2. Horticulture Given its diverse agro-climatic potential, Arunachal Pradesh is suitable for cultivation of tropical and sub-tropical and temperate fruits, vegetables, spices and other crops of economic potential like medicinal and aromatic plants. Development of horticulture is important as this sector can generate employment opportunity and increase rural income. Despite vast potential, the horticulture sector has failed to establish its credibility for improving productivity, generating employment, improving economic condition of the small and marginal farmers in rural areas Thrust Areas • • • • Commercialization by way of diversification of horticultural activities. More emphasis on income generation crops like spices and mushroom. Expansion of area under horticulture with emphasis on utilisation of abandoned land, especially jhum land. Extension/training supports. -6- • • • • • • • • Strengthening of nurseries. Increasing productivity and improving quality of produce. Development of quality planting materials. Combating prevalence of pest and diseases with special emphasis on Scab Control Programme. Management of post harvest technology. Marketing linkages of horticultural produces. Emphasis on low volume high value like Amla,Kiwi fruits etc. Stress on compact area plantation of Orchids etc. Major Development Programmes Following on-going programmes of State Plans and Centrally Sponsored Schemes will continue to implement during 11th Plan as well as in Annual Plan 2007-08: State Plan • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Maintenance of Farms and Nursery Floriculture and gardening Horticulture fair and Exhibition Horticulture Training and Education Mushroom Development Programme Horticulture Information Fruits Preservation Programme and Processing CSS State Share PP Chemicals and equipment Tools and Implements Rejuvenation of old orchards Incentives to farmers Horticulture Marketing Spices Development Programme Area expansion Building components Central/Centrally Sponsored Schemes with State share • Horticulture Technology Mission 2.2.3. Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Livestock is an important component of the agriculture sector in Arunachal Pradesh which plays a pivotal role in the socio-economic development of rural masses in the State. About three fourth of the total population and almost 100% of rural households own livestock and most of these livestock owning comprise of small and marginal farmers. Poultry and dairy products are increasingly becoming popular amongst the tribal people as a source of nutritious food, animal protein and income. Use of organic fertilizer produced in the livestock sector is gaining momentum in the State for agricultural production. The value of livestock output has grown significantly over the past years and the demand for livestock and dairy products have been on the increase.These developments have refocused for livestock and dairy sector role in contribution to income and poverty alleviation in Arunachal Pradesh. -7- Focus • Genetic upgradation of cattle and buffalo through AI network and delivery of breeding services to farmers. • Developing animal health services for protecting of livestock with special emphasis on conservation and management of indigenous species of animals. • Disseminating appropriate technologies in the field of animal production/management and health care. • Promotion of cultivation of nutritious feed, fodder crops and trees to improve animal nutrition and improve productivity of pasture lands. • Strengthening marketing infrastructure for livestock products. • Transfer /dissemination of appropriate technology in animal production, management and health care. • Improving processing facilities with emphasis on modernization of abattoir and feed milling units. • Measures for harnessing the private entrepreneurs , Self Help Groups and other voluntary agencies. • Improving the database for livestock and its products. Major Development Programmes Following on-going programmes of State Plan and Centrally Sponsored Schemes will continue to implement during 11th Plan as well as in Annual Plan 2007-08: State Plan • • • • • • • • • • Veterinary Service & AH Cattle & Buffalo Development Poultry Development Sheep & Goat Development Piggery Development Other Livestock Development Feed & Fodder Development Extension & Training State Share for Centrally Sponsored Schemes Cattle- cum -Dairy Dev. Project Centrally Sponsored Schemes with State share • FMD Control Programme • Systematic control of livestock diseases of national importance • Animal disease surveillance • Professional Efficiency Dev. Programme • Integrated Sample Survey • Fodder Dev. Programme • Carcass Utilization plant • Assistance to State for control of animal diseases. • Slaughter house. 2.2.4. Fisheries Fisheries have ample scope for development in Arunachal Pradesh to provide opportunities for self employment and income generation in rural areas. Arunachal Pradesh has an estimated 7000 hector of aquatic resources of which only about 31% has been -8- utilized. Despite having vast and varied fishing resources, the State is not in a position to made any visible breakthrough in pisciculture. Thrust Areas • Detailed survey of all upland aquatic resources by application of GIS and Remote Sensing technologies. • Reappraisal of snow trout and mahaseer fishery in the Himalayan watersheds and identification of proper sites for developing sanctuaries. • Investigation on development of suitable gears for efficient fishing in upland lakes/reservoirs/streams. • Investigation on genetic variability of indigenous fish species. • Fishery enhancement in suitable wetlands/reservoirs through a management. • Establishment of pilot scale hatchery to raise seed on mass scale for farm rearing and ranching. • Investigation for improving the balanced feed for fish species. • Physical and biological resource mobilization-breeding, seed production, hatchery management and pond management. • Maximizing fish production through adoption of appropriate technologies. • Acceleration in the employment sector on creation of infrastructure facilities. • Streamlining procurement & marketing facilities. • Activating and encouraging NGOs & other similar bodies to attract towards input production sector, culture & marketing. • Mobilizing awareness campaign for effective aquatic resource conservation & management. Major Development Programmes Following on-going programmes of State Plan and Centrally Sponsored Schemes will continue to implement during 11th Plan as well as in Annual Plan 2007-08: State Plan • • • • • • • • • Rural Aquaculture Paddy-cum-fish Culture Const. Of fish seed farm including expansion & improvement Cold water fish Culture including Trout culture Reclamation of Beels/Lakes etc. Misc. Schemes & Other Supports including marketing pilot project Resource Survey Fisheries Extension Programme Buildings New programmes • • • • • • C/o Aquarium house and awareness centres. Fresh water prawn culture including hatchery. Feed Mixing Plant specially for CWF New weaving centre with women’ participation. Ornamental fish culture. Fisheries training centre. -9- Centrally Sponsored Scheme with State Share • • • • • Development of freshwater aquaculture Fisheries Training & Extension Cold Water Aquaculture Fisherman Welfare Schemes Post Harvest Infrastructure 2.2.5. Sericulture The sericulture activity in the state is not very widespread. However, the rich heritage of traditional handloom provide scope for employment opportunity to the unemployed youths in different trades. It has been the consensus policy of the State to preserve and promote this heritage by encouraging cottage and village industries and setting up of handloom and weaving centres. The basic policy has been to sustain the rich handlooms and textiles tradition to generate self employment and augmentation of income among rural masses Main focus • • • • • • • • • • Creation of new Sericulture Research and Training Centre Establishment of weavers service centre at Doimukh. Promotion and development of Export Market for Handloom and Handicraft items of Arunachal Prdesh. Maintenance of Market Complex/Emporium at Bhikaji Cama Palace,Baba Kharag Singh Marg New Delhi. In-service Training Programme for skilled development Introduction of modern equipments and machineries in the existing production centres. Distribution of tools & machineries, raw materials on 50% subidy to 1 year/2 year/3 year course passed out trainees of Craft Centres for self-employment. Organising a Market Development under Sericulture sector. Establishment of Mini Cold Storage for Seed Production and rearing of 500 acres Mulberry Garden through individual plantation. Establishment of Emporium at Guwahati. Major Development Programmes • • • • • • State Plan Handloom Industries Sericulture Industries Other Village Industries Central/Centrally Sponsored Schemes Catalytic development Programme on Sericulture Special Swarna Jayanti Gram Swarojgr Yojana Vanya Silk 2.2.6. Soil and water conservation In Arunachal Pradesh cultivable flat land is very less in comparison to its total geographical area and hence it is utmost necessary to protect and development those land. Aiming at this, the Rural Works Department executes land Development, land reclamation and land - 10 - protection works to bring more land under agriculture. Under this programme, generally the land reclamation practices are done in degraded marshy land by drainage works and the suitable flat land in the hilly areas and the valleys are developed for permanent cultivation by land leveling and bunding. Similarly, terracing and graded bunds are done in gentle hill slopes so as to provide permanent cultivable lands to the people of the State, including improvement of age old practices of cultivation system thereby to bring down the jhuming practices which has serious detrimental affect on environment due to large scale de-forestation in the State. In addition to above, the related activities of soil survey and laboratory testing of soil samples, education and training and land use planning etc are also being taken up under this sector. The above activities are particularly important in view of State’s topographical condition and heavy precipitation. So far an area of 2997.30 hect has been brought under land protection. 2.2.6.1. Irrigation and Flood Control (Water Resources) The economy of the State, being a largely agrarian, irrigation is to play vital input, increased agricultural output to keep with food requirement with the increasing population. As the characteristic feature of Arunachal Pradesh is frequent occurrence of natural calamities like heavy rainfall, landslides and floods etc, emphasis is to be given to the creation of extensive irrigation facilities so that dependence on nature and uncertainty in agricultural production could be minimized. A total irrigation potential of 1.03 lakh hect has been created since inception. Expansion of irrigation facilities and controlling of flood menace are also to be given due emphasis during 2006-07. Utilization of ground water potential also needs to be tapped at higher scale and Command Area Development works also need to be taken up in a big way to bridge the huge gap of about 60% between creation and utilization of irrigation potential in the State. Thrust areas • • • • • • • • Completion of on-going irrigation projects as well as taking up the new schemes in potential areas. Adoption of technically advanced and moisture conserving methods of irrigation like Sprinkler and Drip in the water scarce areas, especially for irrigation in orchards, tea and vegetable gardens etc. Undertaking Ground Water Survey and exploitation of ground water for irrigation in the foothill areas of the State. Maximizing utilization of created potential through augmentation, renovation and proper maintenance of irrigation projects and other Command Area Development Works. Peoples’ participation in the management of M.I. Projects for better utilization of potential. Survey and Investigation of Flood Plan Zones towards evolving comprehensive flood management, both long and short term period. Setting up of Hydro-Meteorological observations, Gauge-Discharge and Silt load monitoring stations for effective planning of flood control and other water resources projects. Strengthening of existing infrastructure. Major Development Programmes Following on-going programmes of State Plans and Centrally Sponsored Schemes will continue to implement during 11th Plan as well as in Annual Plan 2007-08: - 11 - 2.2.6.2. Major and Medium Irrigation The undulating topography of State offers no scope for Major Irrigation Projects. However, the foothill belts of Arunachal have irrigable lands to be taken up as medium irrigation projects. The state Department with Central agencies like CWC and WALMI of the region have surveyed and identified some projects fit for medium irrigation with power generation during IXth and Xth Plan but not a single project has so far been sanctioned for implementation. Proposal The estimated cost of project at current price for the surveyed and DPR published projects inclusive of Sille Remi under East Siang District amounts to Rs. 14330.00 lakh with potential area coverage of about 16,300 hectare. These projects are at various stages of clearance and are proposed under Bharat Nirman Programme w.e.f 2008-09 with financial proposal of Rs.1500.00 lakh during the financial year 2008-09. The physical target earmarked under Bharat Nirman Programme under this sector for Arunachal Pradesh is 1400 hectare. 2.2.6.3. Minor Irrigation Although the geographical area of the State is large, the irrigable area through minor irrigation is limited to about 2% of geographical area. Command areas in small patches are scattered mostly in the mid belt and the foothill belt of Arunachal Pradesh. The region is geologically very fragile and this situation combined with high rainfall intensity and duration frequently cause damages to the constructed irrigation structures. The extent of damages is sometimes irreparable by the farmers and mostly kept un-attended due to resource constraint. The net irrigation potential of the State is estimated to be 1.80 lakh hectare through surface water and 0.09 lakh hectare through ground water. Out of the available potential, the achievement made upto IXth Plan is about 1.00 lakh hectare. Proposal An outlay of Rs. 42000.00 lakh with corresponding 42000 hectare potential creation has been proposed for the XIth Plan under Minor Irrigation sector. This proposal includes ground water outlay of Rs. 1300.00 lakh with corresponding physical target proposal of 1000 hectare. With the announcement of Bharat Nirman programme, the Govt. of India is emphasizing the irrigation sector and under this programme, Arunachal has been assigned physical target of 25000 hectare till the end of 2008-09. The XIth Plan has been proposed incorporating the Bharat Nirman target schedule as earmarked by Govt. of India. 2.2.6.4. Command Area Development Out of total irrigation potential created area, it is estimated that about 40% of created potential has been brought under utilization. This indicates that a huge utilization gap exists as on today. The reason for huge gap is due to resource constraint and geologic & water related damages to the constructed irrigation structures. Funding under this sector has to be enhanced in proportion with that minor irrigation sector with pro-active roles of the department to make the implementation process as a participatory approach. - 12 - 3. METHODOLOGY The methodology of the Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) focuses on understanding the potential for development, infrastructure needed to support the development and identifying initiatives required. These potentials are to be treated as goals to be achieved with the available flow of resources and additional resources under RKVY. The C-DAP guidelines envisage the preparation of the district agricultural plan as a process to be accomplished by the various stakeholders of the district and below level. Towards such stipulation, the Agriculture Department, Government of Arunachal Pradesh approached National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD) North Eastern Regional centre (NERC), Guwahati to render technical services as Technical Support Institution (TSI) which the NIRD-NERC has accepted. Accordingly, the TSI has guided the department to accomplish various planning activities. Planning Unit CDAP guidelines envisage planning for agriculture development at grass root level. In the context of the state of Arunachal Pradesh and similarly for the district, the planning process have been accomplished at three level conforming nearly the tiers that operates for rural local bodies i.e. panchayat. Panchayat is three tier system in the state with Gram Panchayat at the bottom, Anchal Samity at the middle and Zilla Parishad at the apex level. The middle tier in case of the state is a unit; the geographical area of which is smaller than the area under RD block in nearly all cases. In the light of the need for constitution of District Agricultural Planning Unit (DAPU), Block Agricultural Planning Unit (BAPU) and Gram Panchayat Agricultural Planning Unit (PAPU) as per the CDAP Guidelines, the state decided to make use following aerial unit as the planning unit at three levels namely; District RD Block Gram Panchayat Content Agriculture and allied activities in Arunachal Pradesh as in the case of other states of India are looked after by number of government departments with organizational structure at district and below level. Selection of departments to decide upon the content of CDAP, the Government of Arunachal Pradesh followed the stipulation of the CDAP Guidelines. The consideration led to the selection of following departments and their activities under CDAP1. Department of Agriculture 2. Department of Horticulture 3. Department of Textile and Handicraft (Sericulture) - 13 - 4. Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary 5. Department of Fishery 6. Department of Water Resource Development Planning Activity The TSI has completed the following activities in the five broad areas as follows – 1. Preparation of Vision Document and Vision Statement. 2. Provide operational methodology, planning tools and software package for data entry and analysis for preparation of CDAP to different planning units 3. Develop working skill and capabilities of the Planning Teams for the preparation of Comprehensive District Agricultural Plan. 4. Acquaint Planning Teams with the process of technical scrutiny and approval of CDAP starting from grassroots. 5. Handholding support in the preparation of plan report The TSI further identified a series specific tasks in steps with which the above mentioned broad areas have been provided thorough coverage leading to the fulfillment and completion of all necessary planning requirements. Activity wise the tasks selected and accomplished in the plan making process are outlined below. Activity-1: Preparatory Activities Task-1: Conduct of state level workshop for orientation with CDAP, selection of agri. and allied departments to be part of C-DAP, planning unit and role and responsibility of the selected department in the preparation of C-DAP. Guided for constitution of Planning Teams namely; DAPU, BAPU and PAPU at district, Block and GP levels. The composition of the teams at the respective levels may be seen from agricultural planning unit in item 4 below. Preparation of Planning Module and Reading Material to be used for the capacity building of the members of DAPU, BAPU and PAPU. Preparation of Format (Primary Data Collection at Village/GP Level) for participatory assessment of local situation [Natural, Human, performance status of the activities in practice, Backward-Forward linking facilities (input, services and output) and price] and local need / choice. Preparation of Sector wise Department Schedules for collection of data for assessment of establishment setup, manpower strength, ongoing development activities, funds flow (tied & untied) under plan and non-plan heads and utilization by line department at District Level. Estimation of economics (land and labour productivity) of the departments of agriculture and allied under- Advance practice, Moderate practice, Traditional practice and Average status. Monitoring Formats for Reporting Field Testing and modification (if any) of the Schedules / Formats Preparation of video film for capacity building Development of software package for data entry and analysis. Generation of GIS based maps at block level in aspects like physiography, agroclimatic Zone, watersheds, wastelands, ground water potential, slope, soil and LULC. Task-2: Task-3: Task-4: Task-5: Task-6: Task-7: Task-8: Task-9: Task-10: Task-11: - 14 - Activity-2: Plan Preparation Input Delivery Activities Task-1: Conduct of capacity building training of Planning Teams (a) DAPU by TSI (b) BAPU by DAPU (c) PAPU by DAPU Task-2: Delivery of Planning Tools by TSI i. Primary Data Collection Schedule as per guidelines. ii. Sectoral Department Schedule (establishment setup, manpower strength, ongoing development activities, funds flow (tied & untied) by plan and non-plan and utilization) iii. Participatory assessment of development need / potential and decision making through structured schedule. District Level Block Level GP Level iv. Distribution of Video Films for training at BAPU and PAPU level. Task-3: Estimation of economics of Agriculture and agro-based activities – a. Advance practice – HYV with full package. b. Moderate practice – HYV with mixed use of advanced package. c. Traditional practice d. Average status – Task-4: (i) (ii) (iii) Task-5: Task-6: Task-7: Conduct of capacity building training on software by TSI. ‘Data Entry and Analysis Software’ for Operator (selected members at district level). ‘Plan Plus Software’ for Operator (selected members at district & Block level). Distribution and Installation of Data Entry and Analysis Software. Data Entry, Compilation and Aggregation of data as per structured format in Software. Organisation of the plan report in chapters Preparation of Draft Report. Activity-3: Monitoring and Follow Up Activities At TSI Headquarter (NIRD, NERC, Guwahati) Task-1: Task-2: Task-3: Formation of Project Team at state level. Formation of DAPU, BAPU and PAPU. Preparation of Training Module Reading Materials Planning Tools Video Film Engagement of District Project Monitoring Team – Holding of Review Meetings. Overall Progress of Project activities Finalization of draft report. Task-4: Task-5: Task-6: At State Level - 15 - Task-1: Task-2: Task-3: Task-4: Task-5: Task-6: Task-7: Conduct of Orientation Workshop. Formation of Project Team in consultation with TSI. Holding of Review Meetings to assess the overall progress of project activities. Liaison with all the stakeholders. Monitoring the preparation of C-DAP Reports at District levels. According approval to the Draft Report. Forwarding the Final Report to the Planning Commission. At District Headquarters through convener of DAPU Task-1: Task-2: Constitution of District Level Planning Unit (DAPU) Conduct of Capacity building training programmes For Planning Team For Software on “Data Entry and Analysis” For Software on “Plan Plus” Delivery of Planning Tools Functioning of DAPU and BAPU Collection of Primary Data Collection Schedule, Sectoral Department Schedule, Cost data on Agriculture production and agro-based activities, Participatory assessment of development need / potential and decision making Completion of data entry of GP level schedules through Software on “Data Entry and Analysis” Preparation of draft C-DAP report and submission to state headquarter. Submission of Monthly Report to Head Quarter Monitor progress of the works at different level Task-3: Task-4: Task-5: Task-6: At Block Level through Convener of BAPU Task-1: Task-2: Task-3: Task-4: Constitution of Block Level Planning Unit (BAPU) Delivery of Planning Tools Functioning of PAPU Collection of Primary Data Collection Schedule, Sectoral Department Schedule, Cost of production of Agriculture and agro-based activities, Monitor progress of the works at PAPU level Task-5: At GP level through convener of PAPU Task-1: Task-2: Task-3: Task-4: Task-5: Constitution of GP Level Planning Unit (PAPU). Receipt of Planning Tools Completion of Primary Data Collection Schedule Participatory assessment of development need / potential and decision making Submission of completed Schedule The plan embodied in this report is the outcome of the analysis as mentioned below- 16 - • • • • • • • • • • First, a statistical profile has been prepared at the level of each planning unit. This helps to understand better the development perspective. Secondly, the Vision is prepared combining both development perspective and aspiration of the people. Thirdly, the strengths across the agriculture and allied sectors have been documented on the basis of the resource endowment, production and productivity. This is done with the help of a standardized statistical technique using mean and standard deviation. All the districts of the state have been categorized as having Low (L), Low Medium (LM), High Medium (HM) and High (H) potential for development. Fourth, the Weaknesses confronted in the existing pattern of development also have been identified with respect to the status of productivity, skill and infrastructure available. Fifth, the Opportunities that benefit most in the district have been identified by making necessary information about technology and external market available to the groups and individuals at grassroot level. Sixth, the Threats that may confront also have been visualized and enlisted. Seventh, People’s choices and preferences have assessed for Income Generating (IG) activities and Infrastructure facilities Eight, Assessment of Investment requirement of the preferred activities and also the gap with the resources that are expected to be available during the plan period has been made. Ninth, the growth potential of the proposed investment has been worked out and presented. Tenth, physical and financial dimension of the plan have been set and phased. The Agricultural Planning Units at various levels followed SWOT analysis as the central tool in the preparation of the document. 4. Agriculture Planning Units Agriculture Planning requires much of technical support from experts in agriculture and allied sectors. Therefore Agriculture Planning Units at GP, Block and District levels have been constituted involving a group of experts from various disciplines. The planning units with their numerical strength are as under• • • Panchayat Agriculture Planning Units (PAPU) Block Agriculture Planning Units (BAPU) District Agriculture Planning Units (DAPU) 41 Nos. 4 Nos. 1 No The members of these planning units at DAPU level and the model for at BAPU and PAPU level are given below – List of Members of DAPU, Anjaw District Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 Name and designation Sri Buglelum Tega, President ZP Sri.C.S.Jeinow ,D.C. Anjaw Sri.Bakamso Kri, Executive member of ZP Er.Ranjit Singh Ex.En.WRD Position in DAPU Chairman Vice Chairman Member Member - 17 - 5 6 7 8 9 Sri S. Sengupta, DPO Sri Kesang Chhombey, DHO, Anjaw Sri.M.Tapin,DFDO,Anjaw Dr. D. P. Singh, D.V.O. Sri.L.B.Singh,DAO,Anjaw Member Member Member Member Member Secretary List of Members of BAPU (Hayuliang Block), Anjaw District as Model Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Name and designation Sri.Sondup Tayang, ASM, Lamko Machima Sri. Millo Kojiin,BDO, Hayuliang Dr. P. G. Singh, V.O., Hayuliang Sr. L. Tangha, H.D.O., Hayuliang Sr. C. R. Hopak, F.D. Sri S. Bhattacharjee, ADO., Hayuliang Position in BAPU Chairman Convenor Member Member Member Member Secretary List of Members of PAPU (Lamako-Machima GP), Hayuliang Block, Anjaw District Sl. No. Name and designation Position in PAPU 1 Smt.Dilalu Tayang,GPCP Chairman 2 Smt. Soletu Bellai, GPM Vice Chairman 3 Sri K. Symoh, V.A., Hayuliang Member 4 Sri S. Dorjee, HFA Member 5 Sri S.L.S. Singh, AFA (Sr.) Member Secretary Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA) of the state has supported and supplemented all the functions of DAPU/BAPU wherever available. Selected members of the DAPU have been provided training by TSI who in turn trained the members of BAPU and PAPU in the district. Organization and Presentation of the C-DAP The Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan for Anjaw District has been organized and presented in three parts covering 11 chapters as follows – Part-I Introduction and Methodology General Background Physiography and Agro-Climatic Setup Organisational Setup and Manpower Infrastructure and Support Facilities Production / Productivity and Ongoing Development Activities SWOT Analysis Part-II Vision for Development People’s Choice for Development and Assessment of Return Resource Analysis - 18 - Chapter-1 Chapter-2 Chapter-3 Chapter-4 Chapter-5 Chapter-6 Chapter-7 Chapter-8 Chapter-9 Chapter-10 Part-III Chapter-11 Plan For Development Tables, maps and diagrams are added wherever necessary. At the end of the report, statistical information, cost norm, package of practice are given in Annexure. - 19 -