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Document Sample
Please do not talk at this time. Nov. 12 - 13
Please put this Directive Word on pg. 36A of your note book.
Justify
Give solid, specific reasons to prove that
decisions, actions, or conclusions are right
or just.
Justify the crimes commited by
soldiers during war time.
Justify includes a Moral component.
Something done must be the correct thing,
but also, at the end, morally right.
When you are done, find the paper with your name at the front of the room
and get a reading.
Based on this
picture and your
work from last
week, Describe
the Haitian
Revolution.
The Haitian Revolution: 1791-1803
Modern Map
1623
Slaves
harvest
sugar
cane
doing
back
breaking
work.
Few live
very long
because
the labor
is so
hard.
In 1791, Haitian Slaves
revolt in a violent uprising.
http://www.latinamericanstudies.org/haitian-revolution.htm
Find a partner ( or work alone)
Read the info sheet on the background to
the Haitian Revolution.
Make a quick timeline of events on the top
of the back of your Role card. Do not take
up much space for this.
Headphones ok.
Under what circumstances is it acceptable…
To act violently against soldiers
To attack or harm civilians
To break promises
To overthrow your government
To trick your enemy with lies
Constitution of 1801 (excerpt)
TITLE II
Of the Inhabitants
Art. 3. - There cannot exist slaves on this territory, servitude
is therein forever abolished. All men are born, live and die
free and French.
Art. 4. – All men, regardless of color, are eligible to all
employment.
Art. 5. – There shall exist no distinction other than those
based on virtue and talent, and other superiority afforded by
law in the exercise of a public function.
The law is the same for all whether in punishment or in
protection.
Give me three goals of this document…
Give me 2 examples of
dedication (beyond
following orders) from
this picture.
Saint-Domingue, The Taking of La Ravine Aux Couleuvres),
Book illustration by James Outhwaithe (19th century) after an original steel engraving by Karl Girardet (1813-1871).
Napoleon’s Secret Instructions
To General Leclerc
If after the first 15 or 20 days it is impossible
to bring back Toussaint….he is declared
traitor to the country and, at the end of the
delay, one will start war to the knife.
Give me one consequence or result of this order.
Letter: from General Leclerc, 1802
“Show no mercy with anyone that you
suspect.... One must be unflinching and
inspire great terror; it is the only thing that
will suppress the blacks.”
Louverture to Dessalines, 1802
“…Tear up the roads with shot; throw
corpses and horses into all the fountains;
burn and annihilate everything, in order that
those who have come to reduce us to
slavery may have before their eyes the
image of that hell which they deserve.”
Give me three effects this will have on Civilians.
"Revenge
Taken by the
Black Army."
Engraving by J. Barlow
from Marcus Rainsford's
An Historical Account of
the Black Empire of Hayti,
1805.
Excerpt from “Birth of a Nation”
“On both sides, it was a war of unsurpassed brutality.
The bodies of rebel slaves swung from tree branches
where they had been hanged, while fortifications the
slaves built were lined with French skulls.
….The general… mounted his horse…and left camp
with 600 men and four pieces of artillery. Two hours
later one could not find a living Negro within a circle of
two and a half miles, and the roads were strewn with
their bloody remains."
excerpt from Adam Hochschild, “Birth of a Nation”, San Francisco Chronicle, 2004
Explain two ways these actions would help the side in question win.
The Charge
Crimes Against Humanity: Between
the years 1791-1803, committed
wide-spread murder of men,
women and children.
Give me one good reason these armies acted as they did.
Point Of View- Historical Perspective
In this trial you will be judging or arguing that these soldiers acted
appropriately for their Time Period, not our ideas of right and wrong today.
Consider the following while deciding what behavior is appropriate for this
time period
Religious Beliefs (Christianity)
Philosophical Beliefs (Enlightenment ideas, Greek and Roman Ideas,
Renaissance and Reformation Ideas)
Political Documents English and American Bill of Rights, French
Declaration of the Rights of Man, American and French Constitutions
and others)
Forms of Government (Autocracy, Democracy, Parliamentary
Monarchy)
National History (Slavery, Violent Revolution in America and France)
Haitian War Crimes Trial- Jury
You will be asked to interpret the events of the Haitian
Revolution War within the context of the time period and not
simply in terms of present day norms and values. Therefore,
you will need to identify the appropriate standards that you
will hold the Haitian and French soldiers accountable.
At the conclusion of the post trial debrief, you will be
expected to indicate whether each group met or failed to
meet this standard you set—that is to say, whether each
group is innocent or guilty of committing Crimes Against
Humanity.
Haitian War Crimes Trial- Lawyers
Review background information from your reading notes.
Examine evidence packet. Identify quotes and instances that
explain your clients’ motives and help to justify their actions
during the war.
Prepare arguments that focus on why your clients acted as
they did, since the court has already concluded that atrocities
occurred. Listen to the opposing side’s opening statement.
Through questioning, draw out testimony from the soldiers
you are defending and identify questions to undermine the
effectiveness of the cross-examination.
Listen as the opposing lawyers question the enemy soldiers.
Cross examine the enemy soldiers to try to undermine their
testimony.
Haitian War crimes Trial- Soldiers
Review background information from your reading notes.
Examine evidence packet. Identify quotes and instances that
explain your motives to help justify your actions during the war.
Prepare your testimony using the table below. Be sure to focus on
why you acted as you did, since the court has already concluded
that atrocities occurred.
Meet with your lawyers to plan their questioning of you during the
trial, so that you have the opportunity to present your testimony.
Listen to the opposing side’s opening statement. Then listen closely
as your lawyer presents an opening statement in your defense.
Be prepared to respond to questioning by your lawyer.
Be prepared to respond to cross-examination questioning by the
opposing sides’ lawyers.
Please do not talk at this time Nov. 14
HW: Prepare for in class essay
In class essay on Napoleon will happen on
Tuesday. Two options. See the handout
labeled Napoleon Essay.
15 minutes to prep for Haitian War Crimes
Trial!
Trial Set up:
Jury- Finalize your criteria
Lawyers- Choose your questions
Decide who will ask what
Decide who will answer each question
Brainstorm cross examination questions
Soldiers- Prepare answers to all possible questions
Know what questions will come your way
