Organisations

							INTRODUCTION TO BUSINESS
   PROCESSES FOR WEB
      DEVELOPERS




                           1
2
The Structure of Organisations
         What are they?
      Commercial versus Non-
           Commercial
       Legal Considerations




                                 3
Organisations




                4
Commercial Organisations
• Sole Trader
  – Local Shop, Plumber
• Partnership
  – Doctors, Lawyers, Accountants
• Limited Company
  – Private or Public



                                    5
Sole Trader
• Individual
  – Responsible for all debts
  – All assets including “private” at risk
  – Can Register for VAT
  – Has to register for Inland Revenue/Social
    Security
  – Simplified Bookkeeping


                                                6
Partnership
• Two or More People
• All at Risk
• Normally professionals
  – Doctors
  – Lawyers
  – Accountants
• Inflexible in Normal Commercial World
  – Movement of key Personnel
  – Too risky


                                          7
Incorporated
• Law recognises individuals
  – Responsible for actions (except by youth mental
    incapacity or registered student)
  – Enter into contracts
  – Tried for crimes
  – Sued
  – Act of Parliament impose duties on the individual
• Incorporation
  – Making into a body (Corpus)

                                                        8
Organisations
• Incorporated

  – Royal Charters – IET

  – Acts of Parliament – Ceredigion County Council

  – Public or Private Companies (Companies Act 1985 and
    1989)



                                                      9
10
Companies
• Public or Private Companies
   – Public – Public Limited Company (PLC)
       • Trades shares to public
       • Issued Share capital >= £50,000
   – Private – Company Limited (Co Ltd)
       • Cannot sell shares to Public
       • Can sell shares privately
       • Limited by Shares
            – Commercial Companies
       • Limited by Guarantee
            – Charities, Professional Bodies
       • (Unlimited Companies)




                                               11
Companies (Contd)
• Independent
    Existence
•   Divided
    – Shareholders
    – Or Members of the
      Company
• Normally > 1
    shareholder
•   1992 Act allows single
    member
                             12