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2010 Sunflower Survey
• Approximately one field stop per 10,000 Acres
2010 National
• Fields in 2005 - 146
Sunflower
• Fields in 2006 - 162
Association
• Fields in 2007 - 158
Survey
• Fields in 2008 - 162
• Fields in 2009 - 177
Project Leader: • Fields in 2010 - 207*
Hans Kandel Extension Agronomist * Highest # Surveyed
NDSU Crop Science Department
2010 Sunflower 2010 Sunflower Crop
Survey- # Fields Survey Teams
• North Dakota-96 • North Dakota 9 teams
• Minnesota-15 • South Dakota 6 teams
• South Dakota-36 • Kansas 1 team
• Colorado 2 teams
• Kansas-9
• Minnesota 2 teams
• Colorado-13 • Nebraska 1 team
• Nebraska-7 • Texas 1 team
• Manitoba-11 • Manitoba 1 team
• Oklahoma-2 • Vermont 1 team
• Texas-8 • Oklahoma 1 team
• Texas 1 team
• Vermont-10
__________________________
• T0TAL- 207 Total of 26 teams
1
% Confection and Oilseed
Sunflower-2010 Survey
2010 Sunflower Yield and Management Practices
Team # County Field # Oil (1) Conf (2) .
GPS North GPS West Dryland (1) Irrigated (2) .
Counting plants per acre
% Center Previous Crop
Plants / Head Seed Good
Yield Data: Pop. Diameter Size Seed Seed Set
1st count
2nd count
Average
Calculation:
2450 X X X X X X =
Plant Head % Good Center Bird
Population Diameter Seed Size Seed Seed Damage Est. Yield
multiplier multiplier multiplier Set Multiplier
Row Spacing 20" or less - 1 ______ 21" or Greater - 2______
Management
Practices:
2
Head fill and
Measuring Head Diameter
seed size
Sunflower Yield and Plant
Population: 2010
3
Sunflower Yield and Plant Sunflower Yield : lb/a
Population: 2010 2008, 2009 and 2010
NSA estimate vs Ag Statistic
Yield vs. Plant Population
2010
4
2010# 1 Yield Limiting Factors Yield Limiting factor and Yield
(207 Fields) 2010 Oil hybrids
• Disease 20.7%
• Plant spacing within row 18.4%
• Lodging 8.7%
• Weeds 9.7%
• Birds 6.8%
• Insects 6.3%
• Drought 4.8%
• Drown out 3.4%
• Hail 1%
• Other 8.7% (many mentioned population)
• No Problem 11.6%
Yield Limiting factor and Yield 2010
5
2010# 2 Yield Limiting Factors 2010 # 2
(202 Fields) Yield Limiting Factors- N. Dak. (91 Fields)
• Plant spacing within row 14.9%
• Weeds 11.4% • Insect 14
• Insects 10.4% • Plant spacing 11
• Disease 8.4% • Disease 10
• Birds 5.4% • Weeds 8
• Lodging 4.5%
• Birds 7
• Birds 5.4%
• Drown out 2.5%
• Lodging 7
• Drought 1.5% • Hail 1
• Hail 1% • Drown out
• Other 4.9% • No Problem 32
• No Problem 35.1%
2010# 1 Yield Limiting Factors-
North Dakota
(96 Fields) 2010 # 1 and #2
Yield Limiting Factors- MN. (15 Fields)
• Plant spacing 17
• Disease 15
#1 factors: # 2 factors:
• Lodging 12
• Birds 10 • Disease 11 • Plant spacing 3
• Weeds 6 • Lodging 1 • Disease 3
• Insects 5 • Plant spacing 1 • Insect 3
• Drown out 4
• Weeds 1 • Birds 1
• Hail 2
• Other 12 (many
• No Problem 1 • Drown out 1
mentioned population) • No Problem 4
• No Problem 13
6
2010 # 1 and #2
Yield Limiting Factors- South Dakota
(36 Fields) Tillage: 2010 Sunflower Survey
# 1 Factor # 2 Factor
no till min till conv till
• Plant Spacing 14 • Plant spacing 11
• Lodging 4 • Weeds 5 100
• Insects 4 • Disease 1 90
80
% Fields Surveyed
• Weeds 3 • Drown out 1
• Disease 3 • Lodging 2 70
• Drought 2 • Other 8 60
• Drown out 1 • No Problem 8 50
• Birds 1 40
• Other 2 30
• No problem 2 20
10
0
CO KS MN ND SD NE TX VT OK MB
Row Spacing Sunflower-2010 Rust in Sunflower
-20 inches +20 inches
100
% of Fields Surveyed
80
60
40
20
0
CO KS MN ND SD NE TX VT OK MB
7
Red Rust Incidence in Sunflower
100
90
% fields reported with Rust
80
70
60 2007
50 2008
40 2009
2010
30
20
10
0
CO KS MN ND SD NE TX MB OK VT
Rust Reported
Instructions were:
examine upper 4 leaves on 5 consecutive plants and determine illustration that
Red Rust Severity in Sunflower
best fits average of all plants.
Rust Severity Estimated for Fields Where Incidence Reported
8
Sclerotinia Head
Sclerotinia Head Rot Severity
Rot in Sunflower 2008 -2010
2008 2009 2010
25
% Plants Infected
20
15
10
5
0
MN ND SD VT MB
Sclerotinia Head Rot Incidence in Sclerotina stalk rot Incidence
Sunflower 2010 and Severity in 2010
80
70
% fields reported with
Sclerotinia head rot
60
50
40
2010
30
20
10
0
MN MB ND SD NE TX CO KS VT All
9
Phomopsis Severity in Sunflower
2010
60
% Plants within the field with
50
40
Phomopsis
30
2010
20
10
0
MN MB ND SD NE TX CO KS OK VT
Phomopsis Incidence and Severity Phomopsis Severity
in Sunflower 2010 in Sunflower 2008 -2010
10
Phoma Incidence and Severity Verticilium Incidence in Sunflower
in 2010 2010
90
% Incidence Plants infected 80
% fields reported with
100 70
60
Verticilium
80
50
60 40 2010
30
40
20
20 10
0 0
KS CO SD ND MN MB TX NE VT OK All MN MB ND SD NE TX CO OK KS VT All
Verticilium Incidence and
Severity in 2010
% Incidence Plants infected
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
Interveinal yellowing (chorosis) leading 20
to interveinal necrosis, starting on the 10
0
lower leaves of a Verticillium infected KS CO SD ND MN MB TX NE OK VT All
sunflower plant.
11
Dectes
Rhizopus
Rhizopus Incidence and Long Horned Beetle Incidence
Severity in 2010 and Severity in 2010
% Incidence Plants infected % Incidence Plants infected
50 80
70
40
60
30 50
40
20 30
20
10
10
0 0
KS CO SD ND MN MB TX NE OK VT All KS CO SD ND MN MB TX NE OK VT All
12
Insect: Long Horned Beetle Banded Sunflower Moth
Severity 2008-2010 Incidence and Severity in 2010
2008 2009 2010
% Incidence % Seeds
60
70
50
% Plants Infested
60
40 50
40
30
30
20
20
10 10
0 0
CO KS ND SD TX KS CO SD ND MN MB VT NE All
Seed Weevil Incidence and Sunflower Moth Incidence and
Severity in 2010 Severity in 2010
% Incidence % Seeds % Incidence % Seeds
40 35
35 30
30 25
25
20
20
15
15
10 10
5 5
0 0
KS CO SD ND MN MB All KS CO SD ND MN MB VT NE All
13
Brown Spot Incidence and Insect Seed Damage-2009 -
Severity in 2010 (confectionary) 2010
% Incidence % Seeds
7
80
6
70
60 5
50 Weevil 09
% Seed 4
40 Weevil 10
Damage 3
30 Brown spot 09
20 2 Brown Spot 10
10 1
0
KS CO SD ND MN MB VT NE All 0
CO KS SD ND MN MB NE
Heads with Webbing Incidence
and Severity in 2010 Recording observations
% Incidence Plants infected
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
KS CO SD ND MN MB NE VT TX All
14
Bird Incidence and Severity in
2010 Top Weeds Observed: 2010
• North Dakota • Minnesota
% Fields % damage • Canada Thistle • Wormwood
100 • RR Pigweed • Wild Mustard
80 • Volunteer grain • Redroot pigweed
• Green Foxtail
60
• Kochia
40
• Wild Buckwheat
20 • Yellow Foxtail
0 • Lambsquarter
KS CO SD ND MN MB TX NE VT All
• Biennial wormwood
%Bird Damage in fields with ND Top Weeds Observed:
birds 2006-2010 2009-2010
• North Dakota • North Dakota
2010 2009 2008 2007 2006
2009 • 2010
14
• Canada Thistle • Canada Thistle
12
• Kochia • RR Pigweed
10
• RR Pigweed • Volunteer grain
8
• Volunteer grain • Green Foxtail
6
• Wild Buckwheat • Kochia
4
• Green foxtail • Wild Buckwheat
2
• Biennial wormwood • Yellow Foxtail
0
CO KS MN ND SD NE TX VT MB • Lambsquarter
• Biennial wormwood
15
Incidence of Broadleaf Weeds Top Five Weeds in South Dakota
ND/MN 2007, 2008 & 2009 2009 -2010
40 2009 2010
35
• Redroot pigweed • Green foxtail
30
25 • Kochia • Kochia
20 • Cocklebur • Redroot pigweed
15 2007 • Russian thistle • Russian thistle
10 2008
• Green foxtail • Cocklebur
5 2009
0 2010
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Incidence of Weeds Observed in Incidence of Broadleaf Weeds
Manitoba 2008-2010 South Dakota 2007 -2010
60
90
80 50
70
60 40
% Fields 50
Found 40 2010 30
30 2007
2009 20
20 2008 2008
10 10
0 2009
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16
Incidence of Grassy Weeds
South Dakota 2007 - 2010 Incidence of Weeds in Kansas
50
45 100 2007
40 90
2008
35 80
70 2009
30
25 % Fields 60 2010
50
20 2007 found 40
15 2008 30
20
10 2009 10
5 0
0 2010
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Incidence of Weeds in Colorado
Top Weeds Observed: 2010 2007-2010
• Colorado • Kansas 2007
weeds Weeds 70 2008
60 2009
• Russian Thistle • Palmer Amaranth 50 2010
• Kochia % Fields 40
• Puncture vine Found 30
• Volunteer Grain
• Volunteer grain 20
• Lance leaf sage 10
• Kochia 0
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17
Conclusions and Summary of
Incidence of Weeds in Texas 2010 National Sunflower Survey
% Fields
90
80
70
60 • Plant spacing, drought and weeds were
50 holding back yields Kansas and CO.
40
30 2009 • Drought and weeds were holding back
20 2010
10 yields in Colorado.
0 • ND had the most sunflower planted in
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Conclusions and Summary of Conclusions and Summary of
2010 National Sunflower Survey 2010 National Sunflower Survey
• Yield limiting factors in ND were plant • Rust incidence was higher in both SD and
spacing (within the row), diseases, Manitoba than in 2009.
lodging, birds and weeds.
• ND rust incidence was lower than the past
• Yields limiting factors in SD were plant 2 years whereas, SD and MN incidence
spacing, lodging, and variety of other
problems. was higher in 2010.
• Minnesota also had issues with • Sclerotinia Head rot was higher in ND and
diseases. Lower in MN and Manitoba compared with
2009.
18
Conclusions and Summary of Conclusions and Summary of
2010 National Sunflower Survey 2010 National Sunflower Survey
• Phomopsis was high in Minnesota, • Long horned beetle damage appeared to
Manitoba, North and South Dakota. be much greater in 2010 with highest
• Phoma incidence ranged from 0% in severity in TX, SD, CO, KS and ND.
Kansas to over 90% in Manitoba. • Bird Damage reported was higher than the
• Verticilium was high in Nebraska, previous year and was around 5% in fields
Manitoba and South Dakota. where birds were doing damage in NE,
ND, SD and VT and CO.
Conclusions and Summary of Conclusions and Summary of
2010 National Sunflower Survey 2010 National Sunflower Survey
• Banded moth incidence was highest in MN • Broadleaf weeds continue to be more of a
followed by ND, Manitoba and SD.
problem than most grassy weed species.
• Sunflower moth incidence was high in Kansas.
• Seed weevil incidence was highest in SD • Palmer Amaranth is a major problem weed
followed by CO. in Kansas and Texas
• Brown spot damage in Conf. Sunflower was
most severe in MN followed by ND and
Manitoba.
19
2010 Sunflower Survey
Sponsored by the National
Sunflower Association
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