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European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species notes
Taxonomic Endemic to Europe
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Triturus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE pygmaeus Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Speleomantes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE imperialis Lanza et al Yes . (2001) described Speleomantes i
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Euproctus platycephalus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Yes
RANIDAE Pelophylax epeiroticus This species does not produce hybridogenetic
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Lissotriton montandoni
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax grafi grafi
PelophylaxYes is a kleptospecies (hybridoge
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Pelodytes ibericus
PELODYTIDAE Yes
This species was previously included within Pe
ANIMALIA CHORDATA
AMPHIBIA ANURA BUFONIDAEseudepidalea
P balearica Formerly included in Bufo viridis . In the Fauna
Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA B
BUFONIDAEufo mauritanicus
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax ridibundus Pelophylax ridibundus is the central member o
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Pelobates cultripes
PELOBATIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Bombina
BOMBINATORIDAE bombina
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Lyciasalamandra
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
helverseni This species was separated from Lyciasalama
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana arvalis The intraspecific systematics of this species ne
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Atylodes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE genei Yes
There are two well-differentiated clades (a nor
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Alytes muletensis Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA P
BUFONIDAEseudepidaleaviridis Further revision of taxonomy of the Pseudepid
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Speleomantes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE ambrosii Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Lithobates catesbeianus
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Speleomantes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE italicus Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Discoglossus Yes
galganoi This taxon is closely related to D. jeanneae , a
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA E
BUFONIDAEpidalea calamita Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA P
CAUDATA PROTEIDAEroteus Yes
anguinus Most populations are assigned to the subterran
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA HYLIDAE Hyla savignyi Hyla savignyi is a member of the Hyla arborea
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA HYLIDAE Hyla meridionalis
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Salamandra
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE corsica Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Speleomantes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE strinatii Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Calotriton arnoldi
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax bergeri Yes
P.-A. Crochet (pers. comm.) suggests that this
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Salamandrina
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
perspicillataWe follow Mattoccia et al. (2005) and Canestre
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax saharicus Prior to Uzzell (1982) (who provisionally resurr
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana temporaria Rana aragonensis is included as a synonym o
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA BUFONIDAEseudepidalea
P sicula Yes
Formerly included in Bufo viridis .
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA HYLIDAE Hyla intermedia Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Triturus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE carnifex Yes
Some of the populations north of the Alps, in A
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Pleurodeleswaltl
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Euproctus montanus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax lessonae Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Bombina Yes
BOMBINATORIDAE pachypus A number of authors consider Bombina pachy
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Alytes cisternasii Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Discoglossussardus Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Lyciasalamandra
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE luschani Formerly included in the genus Salamandra , t
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Triturus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE marmoratus Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Pelobates fuscus
PELOBATIDAE Further systematic work is currently under way
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Yes
RANIDAE Pelophylax shqipericusAlthough Schneider and Haxhiu (1994) had dif
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA HYLIDAE Hyla arborea Hyla arborea is the central member of the Hyl
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Lissotriton italicus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Salamandra
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE lanzai Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Chioglossa lusitanica Two distinct subspecies are recognized, C. l. lu
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Triturus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
dobrogicus The exact ranges of members of the Triturus c
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana latastei Yes
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ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax hispanicus This form isYes a kleptospecies derived from Pelo
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Mesotriton alpestris There are some ecological and behavioural tra
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana pyrenaica Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana dalmatina
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Speleomantes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE flavus Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax perezi Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Salamandra
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE atra Yes
Four subspecies have been described: Salam
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax bedriagae This species was previously considered to be
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Pelophylax esculentus Previously, Yes Pelophylax esculentus was conside
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Calotriton asper
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
We follow Carranza and Amat (2005) in transf
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Lissotriton vulgaris
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Further taxonomic studies are required on this
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana italica Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Speleomantes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE supramontis Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Bombina
BOMBINATORIDAE variegata Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Yes
RANIDAE Pelophylax cretensis The species status of Pelophylax cretensis is "
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Discoglossus Yes
jeanneae This taxon is closely related to D. galganoi , an
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Yes
RANIDAE Pelophylax cerigensis This species is now regarded as being endem
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Alytes dickhilleni Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Discoglossusmontalentii Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana iberica Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Lissotriton boscai
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE PopulationsYesin south-western Portugal are wel
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA B
BUFONIDAEufo bufo Bufo bufo is the central member of the Bufo b
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA HYLIDAE Hyla sarda Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA P
BUFONIDAEseudepidaleaboulengeri
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Triturus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE karelinii The exact ranges of members of the Triturus c
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA PIPIDAE Xenopus laevis Channing and Howell (2006) and Pickersgill (2
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Speleomantes
CAUDATA PLETHODONTIDAE sarrabusensis . (2001) described this taxon as a s
Lanza et al Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Pelobates syriacus Further investigations into differences between
PELOBATIDAE
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Yes
RANIDAE Pelophylax kurtmuelleriThe name Rana balcanica is occasionally used
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA Pelodytes punctatus PopulationsYes
PELODYTIDAE in northern Portugal might belong
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Salamandrina
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
terdigitata We follow Mattoccia et al. (2005) and Canestre
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA RANIDAE Rana graeca Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Triturus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE cristatus Triturus cristatus formerly was considered to i
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Alytes obstetricans Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Salamandra
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
salamandraThis account follows the suggested Salamand
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA ALYTIDAE Discoglossuspictus Moroccan populations previously considered to
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA Lissotriton helveticus
CAUDATA SALAMANDRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA AMPHIBIA
CHORDATA ANURA P
BUFONIDAEseudepidaleavariabilis Stöck et al . (2006) removed this name from th
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Tarentola mauritanicaGenetic analyses suggest that the subspecies
GEKKONIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Hemorrhoisravergieri This species is included in Hemorrhois, rather
COLUBRIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Gallotia
LACERTIDAE Yes
auaritae This taxon was originally described as a subsp
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Eremias velox
LACERTIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Algyroides nigropunctatus
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEChalcides sexlineatus Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Coronella austriaca There are three subspecies: C. a. austriaca is
COLUBRIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis levendis
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis siculus
LACERTIDAE The gender of the genus Podarcis has been co
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Elaphe
COLUBRIDAE dione The validity of subspecies described from wes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Eirenis
COLUBRIDAE modestus
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Iberolacerta This species was formerly treated as a subspe
martinezricai Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Hemorrhoisnummifer This species is included in Hemorrhois, rather
COLUBRIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Iberolacerta
LACERTIDAE monticola IberolacertaYes cyreni and Iberolacerta martinezri
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ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Gallotia
LACERTIDAE Yes
bravoana Following the ruling of the International Comm
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Zamenis lineatus
COLUBRIDAE Yes
This species is included in Zamenis following U
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Dolichophiscaspius
COLUBRIDAE This species is included in Dolichophis followin
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Lacerta
LACERTIDAE agilis A phylogeographic study of this species based
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA guttatus
AGAMIDAEPhrynocephalus The nominate subspecies P. g. guttatus is fou
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Lacerta
LACERTIDAE strigata
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEMontiviperaxanthina This species is included in Montivipera followin
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis muralis
LACERTIDAE Additional research is needed to understand th
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Iberolacertaaranica Yes
This taxon is now considered to be a full speci
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA helioscopusFurther taxonomic studies are needed into the
AGAMIDAEPhrynocephalus
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAE Yes
Chalcides bedriagai Some well structured clades are genetically an
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Lacerta
LACERTIDAE viridis We follow the recent tendency to treat Lacerta
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEVipera latastei Both spellings (latastei and latasti) appeared in
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Psammodromus
LACERTIDAE Yes
jeanneae This taxon was previously considered part of a
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Platyceps collaris
COLUBRIDAE This species is included in Platyceps following
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA mystaceus The nominate subspecies P. m. mystaceus is
AGAMIDAEPhrynocephalus
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA AMPHISBAENIDAE cinereus Animals from the southwestern part of the Iber
AMPHISBAENIA Blanus Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis lilfordi
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Malpolon monspessulanus populations of Malpolon formerly alloc
COLUBRIDAE Eastern
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Ophisops elegans
LACERTIDAE This species is in need of major taxonomic rev
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Rhinechis scalaris
COLUBRIDAE Yes
This species is included in Rhinechis following
ANIMALIA CHORDATA
REPTILIA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEAblepharuskitaibelii Schmidtler (1997) raised the subspecies buda
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Iberolacertabonnali Yes
This species was formerly included in the genu
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAETrachylepisaurata
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEAblepharusbudaki This species was formerly considered to be a
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Timon lepidus Yes
This species was described as Lacerta, but it i
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis waglerianus
LACERTIDAE Yes
We follow here the recent publication by Böhm
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEVipera seoanei Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Gallotia
LACERTIDAE galloti Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEOphiomorus punctatissimus
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Chamaeleoafricanus
CHAMAELEONIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Hierophis gemonensis
COLUBRIDAE Yes
This species was formerly included in the genu
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Lacerta
LACERTIDAE Yes
bilineata We follow the recent tendency to treat this as a
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Scelarcis perspicillata
LACERTIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA AMPHISBAENIDAE strauchi
AMPHISBAENIA Blanus
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis gaigeae
LACERTIDAE Yes
This taxon was raised to species rank by Grub
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAAGAMIDAELaudakia stellio
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Tarentola gomerensis
GEKKONIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Teira
LACERTIDAE dugesii Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Natrix
COLUBRIDAE natrix The subspecies N.n. cetti in Sardinia (Italy), N.
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Dolichophisjugularis This species is included in Dolichophis followin
COLUBRIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis filfolensis There are five distinct subspecies P.f. filfolens
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Psammodromus
LACERTIDAE blanci
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Hierophis cypriensis This species is included in Hierophis following
COLUBRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Algyroides moreoticus
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis tauricus
LACERTIDAE The gender of the genus Podarcis has been co
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Zamenis situla
COLUBRIDAE This species is included in Zamenis following U
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Lacerta
LACERTIDAE trilineata Mayer and Beterlein (2002) documented gene
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis hispanicus The genderYes genus Podarcis has been co
LACERTIDAE of the
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEVipera ursinii Yes
Crochet and Dubois (2004), reported that there
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Tarentola angustimentalis
GEKKONIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Macroprotodon
COLUBRIDAE brevis Morphological data (Wade, 2001) and genetic
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ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAE Yes
Chalcides viridanus This taxon will probably be separated into seve
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Gallotia
LACERTIDAE atlantica Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Zootoca vivipara
LACERTIDAE This species is placed in the genus Zootoca, r
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis peloponnesiacus
LACERTIDAE of the
The genderYes genus Podarcis has been co
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Saurodactylus
GEKKONIDAE We
mauritanicus follow Bons and Geniez (1996) in treating
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEVipera berus data
Preliminary Yes on the phylogeography of the
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Archaeolacerta
LACERTIDAE Yes
bedriagae This species is traditionally included in the gen
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Gallotia
LACERTIDAE stehlini Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATACOLUBRIDAE
Elaphe Elaphe sauromates was separated from E. qu
quatuorlineata Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Alsophylax pipiens
GEKKONIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Hemidactylus
GEKKONIDAE turcicus Specimens from India, Pakistan, Arabian Peni
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEChalcides parallelus
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis pityusensis
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEChalcides striatus Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Iberolacertaaurelioi Yes
This taxon is now considered to be a full speci
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEMacrovipera schweizeri Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis tiliguerta Although the generic epithet Podarcis is mascu
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEMacrovipera lebetina Six subspecies are generally recognized, M. l.
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Hierophis viridiflavus This species was formerly included in the genu
COLUBRIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA TROGONOPHIIDAE wiegmanni The subspecies T. wiegmanni elegans is ende
AMPHISBAENIA Trogonophis
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEChalcides simonyi Yes
This species used to be considered as a subsp
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Phoenicolacerta
troodica Yes
Formerly included as a subspecies of Lacerta
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Hellenolacerta
LACERTIDAE graeca Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATABOIDAE Eryx miliaris There are two subspecies; one of them, E. m.
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis erhardii
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAEEumeces schneideri Further taxonomic studies of this species are n
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis bocagei
LACERTIDAE Yes
We treat Podarcis carbonelli as a separate spe
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Natrix
COLUBRIDAE tessellata There may be some genetically distinct popula
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Iberolacertagalani Yes
Formerly included within Iberolacerta monticol
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Typhlops vermicularis
TYPHLOPIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEVipera renardi This species was formerly treated as a synony
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Iberolacertahorvathi Yes
This species was formerly included in the genu
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Gallotia
LACERTIDAE simonyi Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATASCINCIDAETrachylepisvittata
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Algyroides marchi
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Natrix
COLUBRIDAE maura Guicking et al. (2002) and Joger (in press) sho
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Malpolon insignitus Eastern populations of Malpolon formerly alloc
COLUBRIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAANGUIDAEAnguis cephalonnica Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATALACERTIDAE
Iberolacertacyreni Yes
This taxon is considered to be a full species ba
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEVipera aspis Yes
The specific rank proposed for the subspecies
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEVipera ammodytesThis species is in need of taxonomic clarificatio
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Psammodromus
LACERTIDAE Yes
manuelae This taxon was previously considered part of a
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Zamenis hohenackeri
COLUBRIDAE This species is included in Zamenis following U
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Gallotia
LACERTIDAE Yes
intermedia This species is described by Hernández et al.
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Dinarolacerta
LACERTIDAE Yes
mosorensisThe isolated eastern subpopulation in Montene
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Macroprotodon
COLUBRIDAE cucullatus This may be a species complex (see Carranza
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATAVIPERIDAEGloydius halys The nominative G. h. halys inhabits the easter
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Lacerta
LACERTIDAE Yes
schreiberi A phylogeographic analysis of this species (Pa
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Coronella girondica
COLUBRIDAE
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis melisellensis
LACERTIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Tarentola delalandii
GEKKONIDAE Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SQUAMATA Podarcis vaucheri This species was formally treated as a subspe
LACERTIDAE
Page 4
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA COLUBRIDAE
SQUAMATA Platyceps najadum This species is included in Platycepss followin
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Yes
Podarcis cretensis This species was formerly included within Pod
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA ANGUIDAEAnguis
SQUAMATA fragilis The nominate subspecies A. f. fragilis inhabits
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Algyroides fitzingeri Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SCINCIDAE
SQUAMATA Chalcides chalcides We treat Chalcides mertensi as a separate sp
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Yes
Podarcis milensis Podarcis gaigeae was separated from this spe
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA SCINCIDAE
SQUAMATA Chalcides ocellatus There is a high degree of genetic variation in th
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA COLUBRIDAE
SQUAMATA Elaphe sauromatesThis taxon was raised to species rank on the b
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA BOIDAE Eryx
SQUAMATA jaculus There are three subspecies: the nominative, E
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA GEKKONIDAE
SQUAMATA Yes
Tarentola boettgeri We treat Tarentola bischoffi as a subspecies o
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA GEKKONIDAE
SQUAMATA Cyrtopodionkotschyi This may be a species complex. Further studie
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Gallotia caesaris Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA GEKKONIDAE
SQUAMATA Cyrtopodioncaspius The nominative subspecies C. c. caspius (Eich
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA hispanicus
Psammodromus Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Podarcis raffonei Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Timon tangitanus This species was included in the genus Lacert
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA COLUBRIDAE
SQUAMATA Zamenis longissimusThis species is included in Zamenis following U
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA ANGUIDAEPseudopusapodus
SQUAMATA This species was previously included in the ge
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA oxycephala
Dalmatolacerta Yes
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA oertzeni
Anatololacerta Following Arnold et al 2007, Lacerta oertzeni is
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA COLUBRIDAE
SQUAMATA HemorrhoishippocrepisThis species is included in Hemorrhois, rather
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA COLUBRIDAE
SQUAMATA Telescopusfallax There is a need to revise the taxonomic status
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA schreiberi
Acanthodactylus
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Yes
Podarcis carbonelli This taxon was formerly a subspecies of Poda
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA CHAMAELEONIDAE
SQUAMATA Chamaeleochamaeleon
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Darevskia praticola This species was formerly included in the genu
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA anatolica Lacerta anatolica was previously described as
Anatololacerta
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA GEKKONIDAE
SQUAMATA Euleptes europaea This species was placed in the resurrected ge
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA Eremias arguta There are six recognized subspecies: E. a. arg
ANIMALIA REPTILIA
CHORDATA LACERTIDAE
SQUAMATA erythrurus Includes populations formerly assigned to A. li
Acanthodactylus
Page 5
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
EU27 Europe regional Category Red List Category Population trend
List Red List
EU27 regional Red List the Red Range
Endemic to European regional RedEU27 regionalCriteria Rationale of Criteria List CategoryPopulation
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species this speciesin areas where decli
It common is in Iberian Peninsu
Listed as Near Threatened because is endemic to the significantsuitab
Yes NT NT Stable This species is endemic to the provinces rang
It common within Occurrence is
Listed as Near Threatened since although its Extent ofits limited of Nu
Yes EN B2ab(iii,iv) EN DecreasingThis speciesArea of Occupancy is less thantha
is is generally a rare species 50
B2ab(iii,iv) Listed as Endangered, because itsThisendemic to Sardinia, Italy, whe
VU B1ab(iii) VU DecreasingThis species is restricted to been less than (in
This of Occurrence is described a
B1ab(iii) Listed as Vulnerable because its Extentspecies haswestern Greece 20
LC LC DecreasingThis species endemic to the east Carpathian
its generally common and locally
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, tolerance of a
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species is present decline as France of g
The species' population has been c
Listed as Near Threatened due to an observedin southern a result and
Yes LC LC Stable This species endemic to southeastern toler
its locally abundant in suitable hab
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is relatively wide distribution,Portu
Yes LC LC DecreasingThis species rangesdistribution, presumed inc
its wide with stable populations in
Listed as Least Concern in view ofCommonthrough much of Italy, larg
NA NA – this This is fragmented range (introdu
This species has aa generally Europe(there is
Europe: NAStable species does not naturally occur in abundant specie
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in is a widespreaddistribution, tolerance abu
mitochondrial DNA ofThis that species commonthe of a
its wide populations from to sou
ax ridibundus is the central member of the P. ridibundus complex. Investigations ofIncreasing This viewsuggestis generally ain western, centr
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species this species is probablycommonP
This species is generally Iberian
Listed as Near Threatened because is present in most of the in signific
LC LC DecreasingThis species is wide distribution, presumed Eu
its species remains fairly abunda
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThisfound in central and easternlarg
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Stable This species is endemicfewer than five location
It a from to Greece, where it oc
Listed as Vulnerable because it is knownfairly common species within
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in species wide considered tolerancethe a
Stable This long time found throughout most of abun
its generally common, and is of n
pecific systematics of this species need further study. Animals from the Altai Mountains have for aview ofIt isbeen distribution, as a separate
Yes VU B1ab(iii) VU DecreasingThis species is endemic is generally common w
The species to the region of Sulcis
B1ab(iii) Listed as Vulnerable because its Extent of Occurrence is less than 20
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Increasing This species is restricted tois than fiveTramun
The population the Sierra location
Listed as Vulnerable because it is known from fewer approximately 50
vision of taxonomy of the Pseudepidalea viridis LC
LC its wide revision of tolerance a a
Listed as Least Concern in view the recentdistribution,the „Bufo viridis
DecreasingFollowing needed. There still considered of re
complex with the use of genetic and biochemical data isofThis species isis continuing disagre
Yes NT NT Stable This species is restricted common within its is
It generally to scattered localities
Listed as Near Threatened since although its Extent of Occurrence lim
NA NA EU: NA (introduced alien species)Listed as Least Concer
There are thousands of Its native
Europe andIncreasing This is a very wide-ranging species.occurrence
Yes NT NT Stable This species is a northern andmuch of Apennin
It common over central its rang
Listed as Near Threatened since although its Extent of Occurrence is
Yes LC LC DecreasingThe speciesits wide it isto the Iberian Peninsu
is endemic abundant over much
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIn Spain,distribution, tolerance of a
LC LC DecreasingThis species is wide distribution, presumed larg
its species is locally western acr
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThe found in southern,abundantand
VU B2ab(ii,iii,v)VU DecreasingThe species is of is little to subterranean aqua
There Occupancy is less than 2,00
B2ab(ii,iii,v)Listed as Vulnerable because its Area restricted information available
LC LC Listed as Least Concern of H. arboreawidenew species,tolerance of
Stable This species is .species is in western heinzste
its A distribution, Hyla Asia an
gnyi is a member of the Hyla arborea complex. It was previously considered to be a subspecies in view ofThiswidespreadrelatively commonai
LC LC Stable The natural its wide distribution, tolerance its
distribution is common across the
Listed as Least Concern in view ofGenerally, it of this species is inof a
Yes LC LC Stable This species is endemic to suitable habitat.
It common in of island of Corsic
Listed as Least Concern since, although its ExtenttheOccurrence is le
Yes NT NT Stable This species is restricted to south-eastern info
Although there is of Occurrence is
Listed as Near Threatened since although its Extent little availableFran
Yes CR B2ab(iii,iv) CR DecreasingThis species ispopulationtoofthought to number
Its endemic Occupancy is pro
B2ab(iii,iv) Listed as Critically Endangered because its Areais the El Montseny m
Yes LC LC DecreasingThis species present in peninsular Italy (sou
its a locally common species.
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed larg
Yes LC LC Stable This species endemic to peninsularfind, but
its sometimes difficult to Italy, ma
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is relatively wide distribution, pres
considered to this species isspecies is widely distributedsuitable wetla
– be
zzell (1982) (who provisionally resurrected the name), this species was Europe: NAStablea synonym introduced in Europe ,(Canary islands)
NA NA It abundant where (but with frag
This of Pelophylax perezi or, following Paste
E
LC LC of Veith Least Concern is view ofIt iswide distribution,temporariaof ra
Stable It in honnorati is included in R. tolerance foll
its throughout most of Europe, a
gonensis is included as a synonym of R. temporaria following the work Listed aset al. (2002). Ranawidespreadgenerally very common, althou
Yes LC LC Stable This species is endemic to Italy, where
This is a common has a small Exte
Listed as Least Concern since, although this species species. it has b
Yes LC LC Stable This species largely restricted presumed larg
its still distribution, to mainland It
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is widequite abundant in Italy, alth
LC LC DecreasingThis species occurs distribution, tolerance of a
its wide through most of Italy, sou
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThere are large populations in the
NT NT DecreasingThis species this species in central andof its d
It not abundant over most south
Listed as Near Threatened because is distributed is probably in signific
Yes LC LC Stable This species is endemic to theOccurrence mig
It very Extent of island of habita
Listed as Least Concern since, although its common in suitableCorsic
LC LC DecreasingThis species is wide this species is reported to
its distributed over tolerance of a
Listed as Least Concern in view ofAlthoughdistribution,much of Europ
Yes EN A2ce EN A2ce DecreasingThis species is endemic to common in it occur
It was formerly Italy, estimated to b
Listed as Endangered because of a population decline, wheresuitable
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species can be locally southern and east
It this species is probably in signific
Listed as Near Threatened because is restricted to common in suitabl
Yes LC LC DecreasingThe speciesits wide distribution, to the islands
is mainly restricted presumed larg
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThis species is still relatively comm
NA NE (does not occur in EU) Stable byThis species is common Fethiye toless than
Global: VUTurkish: Veith and Steinfartz (2004).
(marginal occurrence - Finike,
ncluded in the genus Salamandra , this taxon was assigned to the genus LyciasalamandraVUEurope: NAIt ranges fromto fairly abundant. in1
Yes LC LC DecreasingThis species iswide found in muchsuitable hab
its locally abundant in of northern
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt can be distribution, tolerance of a
LC LC Listed as Least complex of is a ofPopulations are reported to be larg
DecreasingThis more thanwide distribution, presumed mu
its one species.
ystematic work is currently under way on this taxon. It seems possible that it might be a Concern in view lowland species found throughoutdec
EN B1ab(iii) NE Listed EU) DecreasingThis lowland species Occurrence is less thanA
Extent of is restricted to western
(does not occur in as Endangered because its There is no information on the pop5
LC LC several Least Concern in view ofWhile the Palearctic common inlarg
DecreasingThis is and Asiatic tree frogs. is presumed su
its wide species
orea is the central member of the Hyla arborea complex, which includesListed asspecies of European a widespreaddistribution,species occurr
Yes LC LC DecreasingThis species is relatively wide most of central a
its species is locally abundant. It
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThisfound through distribution, toler
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Stable This species occurs only in a very small of thi
The small known than five location
Listed as Vulnerable because it is known from fewerpopulationsarea o
Yes VU V
B2ab(ii,iii,iv) U L DecreasingThis species is of Occupancy species thatand
This is a localized is probably can
B2ab(ii,iii,iv) isted as Vulnerable because its Area restricted to mountainous less
NT NT DecreasingThis species this species is in significant decli
In general, populations of this spec
Listed as Near Threatened because is found in the lowlands of the Tis
VU B2ab(iii) VU DecreasingThis species occurs fromabundant along the P
It is relatively the is less than 2,00
B2ab(iii) Listed as Vulnerable because its Area of Occupancy lowlands of some
Page 6
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
Yes LC LC Stable This species occurs locally abundantSicily larg
its wide on the island of species
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThis is a distribution, presumed(Italt
LC LC DecreasingThis species found throughout much of of a
its generally common in suitable h
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, tolerance Euro
Yes EN E
B1ab(ii,iii,iv) N L DecreasingThis speciesExtent of Occurrence is insouther
is largely restricted to the the hea
B1ab(ii,iii,iv) isted as Endangered, because itsPopulations are commonless than
LC LC DecreasingThis species in a relatively wide distribution, E
It view of its abundant species.
Turkish: LCListed as Least Concern is widely distributed in much of pr
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Listed as Vulnerable because it occursendemic to thefive locations, an
Stable This species is locally commonMonte Albo cha
It in fewer than within its limite
Yes LC LC Stable This species found in southern France com
its generally widespread and of
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, toleranceandaa
LC LC DecreasingThis species present in the European Alps (
its still distribution, in Switzerland
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is widebe abundant tolerance of a
LC LC Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEUofgenerally commoneastern Med
DecreasingThis species is this widely in Least Concern
It 27: LCListed and to abundan
ies was previously considered to be a subspecies of Pelophylax ridibundus . The taxonomy and distribution ranges speciesastheother West A
LC LC DecreasingThis species iswide throughout most of weste
its generally stable tolerance of a
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, with large pop
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species itsabundant or common inof the o
It Extent of Occurrence proba
Listed as Near Threatened because is found throughout muchisparts P
LC LC Listed Stable This species widespread through most ofEu
its very common or numerous a
xonomic studies are required on this species. Numerous subspecies exist. as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, toleranceofove
Yes LC LC Stable This species endemic to the Apennine Moun
its quite common.
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed larg
Yes EN B1ab(iii,v) EN DecreasingThe species is endemic species has often bee
Extent of Occurrence is less than 5
B1ab(iii,v) Listed as Endangered because its Although the to central-eastern Sar
LC LC DecreasingThis species is wide distribution, tolerancelocal
its species has experienced of a
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThe distributed over much of centra
Yes EN EN
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) Listed DecreasingThis species is endemic to theto is particularly
does of appear island of than 5
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) as Endangered, because itsItextent notoccurrencebe less Crete,
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species this speciesmore abundant in so
It generally is probably in signific
Listed as Near Threatened because is endemic to isolated areasin the
Yes CR CR
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) Listed DecreasingThis species is known only of occurrence Isla
The known population on Karpatho
B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii) as Critically Endangered, because its extentfrom Karpathosis le
Yes VU B2ab(iii,iv) VU DecreasingThis species is of Occupancy species are ver
Populations of this is less than of s
B2ab(iii,iv) Listed as Vulnerable, because its Arearestricted to the mountains 2,00
Yes NT NT Unknown This Its extent endemic to Corsica than 5,000
There is little information available
Listed as Near Threatened. species isof occurrence is less(France), w
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species this species is in significant decli
It reasonably common in norther
Listed as Near Threatened because is endemic to Portugal and north-
Yes LC LC Stable This species is wide distribution, tolerance of a
its species is relatively common i
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThe restricted to the western part o
LC
o is the central member of the Bufo bufo speciesLC Listed this complex remain species is wide this speciesverrucosissim
Stable This unclear. Until recently Bufo is generally c
its widespread in Europe (excludin
complex. The systematics ofas Least Concern in view ofAlthoughdistribution, tolerance of a
Yes LC LC Stable This species restricted widespread and toler
its still quite to the Mediterranean
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is relatively wide distribution, com
NA NA Unknown This largely its wide little species occurs as fra
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThere is global distribution, presum
North Africa information available
LC LC in the as Least Concern
DecreasingThis species West distribution, tolerance of a
its wide from is eastern side of t
ranges of members of the Triturus cristatus superspecies are unclear Listed central Balkans. in view ofInrangesAsia itthereasonably comm
NA NA Europe andIncreasing in its own right,an extremelyuncleararrangeme
EU: NA (introduced alien and we followas Least and of
It this species is that following t
and Howell (2006) and Pickersgill (2007) treated the East African X.l. victorianus as a speciesThe range of isspecies)Listedabundant,Concer
ş
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Listed as Vulnerable because it is knownafrom range in extreme south
It is not tiny in some places.
This species has rare only a single location, a
Stable
LC NT Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide innot tohir vilayet are need
DecreasingThis species occurs Seydisouth-east Balkans
appears the be presumed larg
vestigations into differences between populations in Turkish Thrace ( Pelobates syriacus balcanicus ) andItthose ofdistribution,a common spe
LC LC Stable This species was considered by Gascmuch of
its distributed throughout et al. a
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, tolerance of(1
Yes LC LC DecreasingThis species found in western presumednort
its generally locally Portugal, larg
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, abundant over
Yes LC LC Stable This species endemic to southernhabitat.
its common in suitable peninsula
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is relatively wide distribution, pres
LC LC Stable This species restrictedto be generally rangi
its reported to the tolerance of a
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution,Balkans,abund
LC
ristatus formerly was considered to include fourLC Listed as Leastcristatus dobrogicusitsT. cristatusspecies is and T. Unit
T. Concern in species ;is wide the kareliniifrom the crist
widely distributed ; known to b
subspecies: T. cristatus cristatus ;DecreasingThis view ofAlthoughdistribution, tolerance of a
LC LC DecreasingThis species ranges from the northern half of
its reported to be declining (includ
Listed as Least Concern in view ofit is wide distribution, tolerance of aP
LC LC DecreasingThis species number ofacross stable of centra
its present large, much populatio
Listed as Least Concern in view ofA is wide distribution, tolerance of a
LC this Europe: as Stable
Discoglossus scovazziIntroducedto the islands ofmajor th
Sicily it is rather common and Jockusch 1999
is native populations in Sicily (It
populations previously considered to belong to LC species are now separated LCEU: LC (on This species(García-París and has no Spain an
LC LC Stable This species is wide distribution,common inof It
its species is very tolerance sui
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThe restricted to western Europe. a
DD DD Listed as Data Deficient in view the is mapped status of et al . (2006)
Unknown This species taxonomic information available
continuing problems with its taxono
l . (2006) removed this name from the synonymy of Bufo viridis (now Pseudepidalea viridis ). However,of There is littleby Stöck variabilis rem
nalyses suggest that the LC LC is probablyStable species (Harris et al. 2004), butano much of the M
a valid This species iswide throughout tolerance of a
its sometimes very common spe
subspecies Tarentola mauritanica fascicularisListed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution,formal taxonom
NA NA (2004). Unknown Concern in has of its recorded fromis quite c
In the north of its range it central,
ies is included in Hemorrhois, rather than Coluber, following Nagy et al.Listed as globally LeastThis speciesview been wide distribution, presu
Yes CR D CR D Unknown This possibly extinct species once ranged poss
While any remnant population from
Listed as Critically Endangered because this species is possibly extin
LC NE DecreasingThis widely distribtued it is a ranges from the C
its wide distribution, presumed larg
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIn general, lizard common, often lo
LC LC Unknown This species can be abundant eastern Adriatic
its wide along the in suitable habit
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, presumed larg
Yes LC LC Stable This species abundant, but island of Gran C
although its to the of Occurrence
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtenteasily overlooke
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in species caninhabits distribution, part sou
fitzingeri (Bonaparte, 1840) be generally common in of t
its very from southern Scandinav
three subspecies: C. a. austriaca is present over most of the species range; C. a. DecreasingThis view ofIt rangeswide the southernpresume
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Stable This Vulnerable as itthe population size is res
Although has on the islets Pori n
This species is assessed asspecies is only found a tiny range (ithasan
has LC Global: (Arnold, 2000; This species ranges throughout species excep
Increasing Lanza and Boscherini, 2000; Montori Concern
It is a LCListed as Italy and Llore
er of the genus Podarcis LC been considered to be feminine by some authors LCTurkish: NAEurope: LCEU 27:very commonLeast south of t
LC and Listed as Least Concern and E. d.its wide distribution,from 1929, is d
DecreasingThis widespread snake Sobolevsky, eastern U
tenebrosa ranges presumed larg
ty of subspecies described from western SiberiaNE the Altai region, E. d. niger Golubeva, 1923in view ofThis is one of the commonest snak
LC LC Stable This species in generally the islands of Lesbos
It view on a common species.
Turkish: LCListed as Least Concern is foundof its wide distribution, pr
Yes CR CR
B2ab(v); C2a(ii) Listed DecreasingThis species is endemic to species that is proS
It a its Area Sierra de Francia,
B2ab(v); C2a(ii) as Critically Endangered because very rareof Occupancyis in de
LC LC (2004). Unknown This species iswide froma very presumed larg
its generally the Aegean islands
ies is included in Hemorrhois, rather than Coluber, following Nagy et al.Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, common speco
Yes VU B1ab(iii) VU DecreasingThis species is present in the Cantabrian Moun
It can occur at high is less than 20
B1ab(iii) Listed as Vulnerable because its Extent of Occurrencedensities where
Page 7
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
Yes CR D CR D Increasing This species, thought to beof this species cons
The population long extinct, was re
Listed as Critically Endangered because its population size is estimat
Yes DD DD Unknown This species occurs fromrecent information on
the absence central Italy on popu
Listed as Data Deficient in view of There is little of information(souther
LC LC Listed as Unknown This species present from southern Hungary
its generally a common species o
ies is included in Dolichophis following Nagy et al. (2004), rather than Hierophis. Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed larg
LC
ographic study of this species based on mtDNALC identified three groups of view ofIt rangeswide distribution, tolerance
DecreasingThis species can be common in suitable habita
its very from northeastern Spain (
(Kalyabina et al. 2001)Listed as Least Concern inpopulations. Further studies of contact area
LC NE Listed as the range. The subspecies wide distribution, presumedrela
DecreasingThis species widely distributed from western
its common species found at larg
nate subspecies P. g. guttatus is found within most European and Asian parts ofLeast Concern in view ofIt isP. g. kuschakewitschi Bedriaga
LC NE DecreasingThis species rangesdistribution, presumed whe
its wide from southern Russia larg
Listed as Least Concern in view ofOver most of the distribution range
LC al. al. (2001). Stable This species is found in northeastern Concern
It can LCListed as Least Greece
ies is included in Montivipera following Nilson et LC (1999) and Lenk et Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEU 27:be common in upland areasa
LC
research is needed to understand the status of LC Global: Stable This species is widely distributed in Europe. It
It generally an abundant species
several described subspecies.LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEU 27: LCListed as Least Concern
Yes EN B1ab(iii) EN DecreasingThis species commonthe Central less than
Extent of in within its restricted ra
B1ab(iii) Listed as Endangered because its It is found Occurrence is Pyrenean 5
LC NE Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide distribution, presumed larg
DecreasingThis widespread species is a common specie
xonomic studies are needed into the relationship between Phrynocephalus helioscopus and P. persicus. This is generallypresent from Dage
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species can be quite is probably in signific
It this species the Iberian areas o
Listed as Near Threatened because is endemic toabundant in Peninsu
LC L. Global: LCTurkish: only weakly supported a genetic Least(Amann et
DecreasingThis species ranges from extreme north-east I
It can LCListed as data Concern
the recent tendency to treat Lacerta viridis and LCbilineata as separate species, but this isLCEurope: LCEU 27:beby common species. Popu
appeared in different places in theA2c
ings (latastei and latasti) VU A2c VU Listed as Vulnerable because this species used by different authors.to
Boscà and were subsequently from that in significant ra
It is a species northern Morocco D
original description by DecreasingThis species rangesis probablyis increasinglyde
Yes LC LC Stable This species widespread poorly thatand it is
A species eastern Spain is comm
Although the distribution limits of thisoccurs in arespeciesdefined, sout
LC
ies is included in Platyceps following Nagy et al.NA Global: LCTurkish: LCListedspecies ranges from coastal southeastern
Stable This as Least Concern in species its wide dist
In Turkey, this view of synonym o
(2004). We follow Schätti et al. (2001) in considering Platyceps rubriceps to be ais uncommo
LC NE Listed as Least Concern in species Turkmenistan and presumed (Da
DecreasingThis inclusive. widesubspecies Kazakhstan t
its The from southern Russia larg
nate subspecies P. m. mystaceus is found in Europe, ranging as far east as the Volga River sandsview ofInrangesdistribution,P. m. galli Kras
Yes LC LC Stable This species endemic to the Iberian Peninsu
its difficult to determine the abund
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed larg
Yes EN EN
B1ab(ii)+2ab(iii) Listed DecreasingThis species is endemic to the Balearic Islands
extremely common on some is
B1ab(ii)+2ab(iii) as Endangered, because itsItExtent of Occurrence of less than
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt ranges widely common species. I
within This species isrelatively wide Portugal, Spain
its generally a et al. (2006).
opulations of Malpolon formerly allocated to M. monspessulanus are now included Stable M. insignatus following Carranzain distribution, toler
LC
ies is in need of major taxonomic revision. LC Stable This species iswide froma common and abun
its generally northeastern Greece
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, presumed larg
Yes LC LC Stable This species found through much of species
its generally an abundant Portuga
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, tolerance of a
Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEU 27: kitaibeliisouthern Slovakia an
This species ranges froma common species, b
r (1997) raised the subspecies budaki, chernovi, and rueppellii to full species status, thus restricting Ablepharus LCListedto southeastern Eu
LC LC Stable It is generally as Least Concern
Yes NT NT Stable This species is present in the occupancy is les
It may be locally common in suitab
Listed as Near Threatened since although its area of central Pyrenees
NA NA Stable This widespread species in Turkey, but is unco
It is common ranges from the islan
Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: NAEU 27: NAThis species is listed as
LC of Listed as raised to species view of its wide distribution, presumed larg
Stable This species occurs in (1997). Turkey study
is a common species.
ies was formerly considered to be a subspecies LC Ablepharus kitaibelii, but was Least Concern in rank byItSchmidtlersouthernA recent(from
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species this species is in Portugal and Sp
Although it has been recorded at d
Listed as Near Threatened because is widely found probably in signific
Yes LC LC DecreasingThis species endemic to common species, a
its a relatively Italy, occurring on
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, tolerance of at
Yes LC LC Unknown This species can be a common species.
its restricted to extreme northern
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is relatively wide distribution, presP
Yes LC LC Stable This species a common species.
although its to the of Occurrence
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent Canary Islands
LC LC Unknown This species occurs in Greece Least Concern
This species is rare in the Pelopon
Global: LCTurkish: DDEurope: LCEU 27: LCListed as on Turkey and
NA NA Unknown This African its wide distribution, population flu
species has been recorded from E
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIn Greece, the singlepresumed larg
LC LC Stable This species can be very common. It is consid
its wide from Slovenia, Croatia, B
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, presumed larg
LC LC DecreasingThis species can be a common presumedGerm
its restricted to southwestern larg
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, species. Popu
NA NA Stable This species isrelatively wide distribution, the A
its common in parts parts of pres
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt occurs in the humid of its range in
NA NA Unknown This species present in in Turkey.Turkey larg
its abundant southern In Greece
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed (mu
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Unknown This species a endemic to species. where it oc
It a common Greece
Listed as Vulnerable because it has is very small area of occupancy (p
LC LC Stable This species ranges froma as Least Concern
It is generally Greece and Turkey
Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEU 27: LCListedvery common spec
Yes LC LC Stable This species an abundant species.
although its to the of Occurrence
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent island of La Go
Yes LC LC Stable This species an abundant species. islands
although its to Portuguese
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent of Occurrence
LC Corsica (France) and N.n. cypriaca (Cyprus) arein view ofIt rangesdistribution, most of Europ
pecies N.n. cetti in Sardinia (Italy), N.n. corsa in LC DecreasingThis species iswide and are often but with fra
its a common species considered
Listed as Least Concern very differentiatedthroughout tolerance of a
LC LC Listed as Unknown This species is wide distribution, presumed larg
its is a common species over mu
ies is included in Dolichophis following Nagy et al. (2004), rather than Hierophis. Least Concern in view ofThispresent in Turkey (widespread
Yes LC LC Stable This species occurs in Malta where itin most
although its is abundant is found
Listed as Least Concern because, This speciesExtent of Occurrencep
NE NA DecreasingThis species can be common isolated qualit
It species depends suitable habita
Listed as Near Threatened since theoccurs on humid,inon goodplateau
Yes EN B1ab(iii) EN DecreasingThis species an of Occurrence is less than 5
Extent uncommon species.
B1ab(iii) Listed as Endangered because its It is limited to the Troodos massif a
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species itsnot a common species. It has
It range is not much greater tha
Listed as Near Threatened because is endemic to southern mainlandn
has LC Global: (Arnold, 2000; This species ranges from species Ukraine (in
Stable Lanza and Boscherini, 2000; Montori and Llore
It is a LCListed as Least suitable
er of the genus Podarcis LC been considered to be feminine by some authors LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEU 27:commonsouthern inConcern
LC
ies is included in Zamenis following Utiger et al. LC(2002). Stable This species is present in southern Italy (only i
This species is as Least Concern
Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEU 27: LCListedgenerally common.
LC LC Global: of Lacerta LCEurope: LCEU large as fromasbetween Lacerta
Stable This nearlyIt is present those Least Croatia, B
can LCListed coastal Concern
d Beterlein (2002) documented genetic divergences among Greek populationsLCTurkish: trilineata speciesas27:be a common species (Kuml
Yes LC LC Unknown This species can be a common tolerance suit
its present throughout most of Po
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, species in of a
VU B2ab(iii) VU DecreasingThis species has Occupancy is believed to be
It is generally uncommon or rare, a
B2ab(iii) Listed as Vulnerable because its Area ofa very fragmented range in s
Yes LC LC Stable This species an abundant species.
although its to the of Occurrence
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent islands of Fuert
NT NT Listed as Near Threatened because this species only common in som
DecreasingChange Macroprotodon cucullatus. in is pre
text as follows: probably
gical data (Wade, 2001) and genetic data (Carranza et al. 2004) show that this species is distinct from theThe species is isThis speciessignific
Page 8
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
Yes LC LC Stable This species a common theof Occurrence
although its Extent islands is Tene
Listed as Least Concern because, It is restricted tospecies that of easi
Yes LC LC Stable This species generallyto the of Occurrence
although its an abundant Islands
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent Canary species
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view of its wide a locally abundant specie
DecreasingThis extremely widespread species rangesline
contains a number tolerance fro
ies is placed in the genus Zootoca, rather than Lacerta, following Mayer and Bischoff (1996). The speciesIt can bedistribution,of different of a
Yes LC LC Stable This species is restricted to the Peloponnese Ir
It a its currently known Extent
Listed as Least Concern since, although relatively common species.of
NA NA Listed as from Concern in view its found widely distributed species
Stable This species not a in wide distribution, pres
Bons and Geniez (1996) in treating Saurodactylus brosseti as a species distinct Least S. mauritanicus. ofIt is relatively northeastern Morocco
LC LC DecreasingThis widespread bedistribution, suitable habita
its wide common in southwards fr
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt canspecies rangestolerance of a
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis listed as Near in rocky areas on the islan
This species can be Its Extent of O
Archaeolacerta bedragae is species occursThreatened. common at hig
Yes LC LC Stable This species an abundant species.
although its to the of Occurrence
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent island of Gran C
NT NT DecreasingThis species this species is probably in and it h
It not a common species, signific
Listed as Near Threatened because is present in Mediterranean and s
NA NE DecreasingThis species present over much of Middle n
its very common under tones larg
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumedin A
LC
s from India, Pakistan, Arabian Peninsula, Iran, LC Listed as Least Concern in species (S. Baha El Dinmuch Bauer M
Increasing to H. robustus widely distributedtolerance distr
its abundant over around the e
Sudan, Somalia and Kenya are now referableThis view ofIt is wide distribution,2006;of its of et
NA NA DecreasingThis species is notof Occurrencespecies and 5
Extent an abundant is coastal str
Listed as Endangered because its It occurs along a narrow less than is
Yes NT NT Stable This species can be common, especially Ibiza
It although the the islands of on sm
Listed as Near Threatened because is endemic to species appears no
Yes LC LC DecreasingThis species found in fragmented population
its a very common presumed larg
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution,species in som
Yes EN EN DecreasingThis species is found Occurrence is less than 5
Extent of in the Pyrenees and con
Listed as Endangered because its Most populations are smallMountai
Yes EN B1ab(iii,v) EN Stable This species is population the western much
Extent of Occurrence is totals arou
B1ab(iii,v) Listed as Endangered because its The endemic to probably not Cyclad
Yes LC LC Unknown This species is relatively is locally abundant, ch
its species to the islands of Cors
Listed as Least Concern in view ofThe restrictedwide distribution, pres
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view from wide distribution, common in larg
DecreasingThis species ranges from southwestern Jordan
its species is very presumed Le
ecies are generally recognized, M. l. lebetina from the island of Cyprus; M. l. obtusa (Dwigubsky, 1832)ofThisTurkey, Iraq, western Iran, Syri
LC LC Stable This species can be a very common species.
its wide from northeastern Spain;
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, tolerance of a
NE NA Listed as Least
Unknown This species can be abundant in suitable of(in
its wide from western Morocco a
pecies T. wiegmanni elegans is endemic to western Morocco (Bons and Geniez 1996). Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, tolerancehabit
Yes EN B1ab(iii) EN DecreasingThis species a rareOccurrence is less Fuert
Extent of species.
B1ab(iii) Listed as Endangered because its It is endemic to the islands ofthan 5
Yes LC LC Stable This species is endemic to suitable habitat. le
It common in of Occurrence is
Listed as Least Concern since, although its ExtentCyprus, where it ge
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species can be a locally common is proba
It its Extent of Occurrence species
Listed as Near Threatened because is endemic to the Peloponnese re
LC NE Listed as Least Concern Caspian Sea. Thethrough northern Iran, larg
DecreasingThis species rangesdistribution, presumed Afg
its wide second common specie
two subspecies; one of them, E. m. miliaris, inhabits the area to the east of the Volga River andin view ofThis is generally asubspecies, E. m
LC LC Stable This species can be common in suitableand ra
its endemic to the Balkans, habita
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed larg
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangeswide distribution, tolerance
xonomic studies of this species are needed. Specimens from Mount Sinai and the Stable This from thoselocally common in goodwhere
its in from North Africa, habita
Near East differ species isveryNorth Africa and Southwest
Yes LC LC Stable This species can be common in suitable habita
its found from northwestern toler
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is relatively wide distribution,Spain
LC LC Listed as in the future (Guiking of al. species ranges from southern S
DecreasingIn Europe this wide distribution, expected larg
its common in much of its range.
y be some genetically distinct populations that may prove to be separate speciesLeast Concern in view et It is2004). There are presumedtaxo
Yes NT NT Unknown This because general it the the Montes de Leó
In although to species within its r
Listed as Near Threatened, species is endemicis abundantis abundan
LC LC its generally southeastern Monte
This species iswide froma common species. I
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, tolerance of a
Stable
VU A1c+2c NE This species is listed as inhabits steppe, forest-steppe and semi-dese
DecreasingIt restrictingIt because it has experienced habita
is common to the remnant, disju
ies was formerly treated as a synonym of Vipera ursinii. We follow Joger and Stumpel (2005) in Vulnerable Vipera ursiniiin areas of suitable h
NT NT Stable This species is locally abundant.
It its a very Occupancy is probabl
Listed as Near Threatened because hasArea of fragmented and relictu
Yes CR CR
B1ab(v)+2ab(v) B1ab(v)+2ab(v) as Critically Endangered because its Extentof this species is ab
Listed Stable This species is endemic to theOccurrence Hie
The population of island of El is le
LC LC Stable This species ranges through North Africa from
It can LCListed as Least Concern
Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: LCEU 27:be a common species, partic
Yes EN EN Listed as DecreasingThis species is endemic to southeastin good w
can be locally common Spain, h
B1ab(iii,iv)+2ab(iii,iv) B1ab(iii,iv)+2ab(iii,iv) Endangered, because itsItExtent of Occurrence is less than
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view ofIn mostTunisia/Sardinia. Portugal a
DecreasingIn Europe, one in distribution,itpresumed larg
its species ranges is
et al. (2002) and Joger (in press) show three different genetic groups one in Europe, one in Morocco, andthis wideof its range froman extreme
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view ofThis is generally a common specie
within This widespread species is et al. (2006). larg
its wide distribution, presumed
opulations of Malpolon formerly allocated to M. monspessulanus are now included Stable M. insignatus following Carranzapresent in North Af
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species itsnot a very Occurrence is proba
It Extent of common species. Th
Listed as Near Threatened because is restricted to southern mainland
Yes EN B1ab(iii) EN DecreasingThis species a reasonably common species
Extent of Occurrence is less than
B1ab(iii) Listed as Endangered because its It is endemic to the central mounta5
LC LC DecreasingThis species iswide from north-central and of
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, tolerance ofno
its a common species in much a
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt ranges common in much of itslarg
DecreasingThis species iswide eastwards presumed ra
its very considered by some expe
ies is in need of taxonomic clarification, as the delineation between Vipera ammondytes and V. transcaucasiana isdistribution,from southern
Yes LC LC Stable This species widespread species that is comm
A species are the Iberian peninsu
Although the distribution limits of thisis endemic topoorly defined, it is
NE (2002). The nominative subspecies Z. h. hohenackeri (Strauch,fairly common of its wide distm
ies is included in Zamenis following Utiger et al. NE DecreasingThis as Least found over much of Turkey, thr
It a 1873) is found in the east of
Global: LCTurkish: LCListedspecies is Concern in view species over
Yes CR CR
B1ab(v)+2ab(v) Listed Increasing This species was its Extent of Occurrence Ma
There are 40 isolated populations a
B1ab(v)+2ab(v) as Critically Endangered because discovered in 1996 in theis le
VU B2ab(iii) NE DecreasingThis species is of Occupancy species and ha
It not a in the southwestern Dina
B2ab(iii) Listed as Vulnerable because its Area found commonis less than 2,00
LC LC Listed and Dubois (2004) for more its wide a common species in of a
DecreasingThis speciesdetails). through northern Algeria,
can be For some tolerance po
be a species complex (see Carranza et al. (2004), Wade (2001) and Crochet as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution,authors thesuit
NA NE Listed as is found in western areasits wide distribution, presumed larg
DecreasingThis widespread snake is generally a commo
including Kazakhstan and Middle
native G. h. halys inhabits the eastern part of the species range; G. h. caraganusLeast Concern in view ofThis speciesgenerally ranges from
Yes NT NT DecreasingThis species can be common in to the northwe
It this species is probably in habita
Listed as Near Threatened because is largely restricted optimal signific
LC LC DecreasingIn Europe, In Europe and mountains of the Ma
its species ranges from Portugal a
Listed as Least Concern in view ofthis wide distribution, presumed larg
LC LC Stable This species iswide in Mediterranean and sub
its a relatively common species.
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt occurs distribution, tolerance of a
Yes LC LC Stable This species an abundant species.
although its to the of Occurrence
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent islands of Tene
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in view ofThiset al. in southern tolerance of c
Stable This species occurs (2000). It was originally a
its species is very Spain, central
ies was formally treated as a subspecies of Podarcis hispanicus, but it was raised to species rank by Oliverio wide distribution, common throu
Page 9
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
LC LC Israel as Least Concern in view collaris, north of coastal Croatia comm
Unknown This species the not P. najadum. Five a sout
its wide from its range it is distinc
ies is included in Platycepss following Nagy et al. (2004). Animals from Listed and Jordan are Platyceps ofInrangesdistribution, presumed larg
Yes EN B1ab(iii) EN The population size has not satelli
DecreasingThe the island endemic to Crete and itsbeen
B1ab(iii) The species is restricted to species is of Crete (where it is found onlyq
LC LC Listed colchicus Nordmann,species can be relatively common, but Eu
Stable This 1840 It distributedthroughout much of loc
its present in Northern Eurasia. It
nate subspecies A. f. fragilis inhabits Western and Central Europe, while A. f. as Least Concern in view ofis is wide distribution, presumed larg
Yes LC LC Stable This species endemic to the Mediterranean
its widespread and rather commo
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is relatively wide distribution, pres
LC LC of Chalcides chalcides, in view ofIt iswide distribution, Italy two recog
DecreasingIn Europe Caputo (1993). There arehabitats. a
its common in suitable (where
Chalcides mertensi as a separate species, rather than as a subspecies Listed as Least Concernfollowing this species occurs in tolerance of it
Yes VU D2 VU D2 Stable This species is endemic to the Aegean islands
It can occupancy is very small (pro
Listed as Vulnerable because its area of be abundant in coastal areas
LC
high degree of genetic variation in this species LC Listed as western and This very ofIt iswide distribution,species northe
Stable eastern widespread species occurs in in man
its a very common work is need
particularly between the extremeLeast Concern in viewpopulations. Taxonomictolerance of a
LC LC from as Least Concern in species iswide from eastern Greece (Len
Stable This and clear morphological at presumed(Thr
its usually found differences larg
n was raised to species rank on the basis of a large genetic divergence ListedElaphe quatuorlineataview ofIt occurs distribution, low population
LC LC turcicus (Olivier, 1801) and E. j. ofIt isvery wide distribution, presume
DecreasingThis widespread species an 1831; recorded in
its generally has been the latter fr
three subspecies: the nominative, E. j. jaculus (Linnaeus, 1758), E. e. Listed as Least Concern in view familiaris Eichwald,uncommon or rare
Yes LC LC Stable This species a very commonof Occurrence
although its to the species in both
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent islands of El Hi
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in species are needed.over most of its range
Unknown this its wide from southeast Italy (Apu
is common
be a species complex. Further studies into the taxonomic status of a number of populations ofThis view ofIt rangesdistribution, presumed larg
Yes LC LC Stable This species a very commonof Occurrence
although its to the species.
Listed as Least Concern because, It is endemicExtent Canary Islands
NA NE Listed species Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, abundance, in
Increasing This species seems to be southern Russia (Ka
its present in a reasonably comm
native subspecies C. c. caspius (Eichwald, 1831) is distributed throughout the as Least range with the exception of Wulf Island (Azerbaijan) to
Yes LC LC Stable This species can be ain much of presumed larg
its found common Portugal and
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, species. There
Yes CR B1ab(v)+2ab(v) CR Listed DecreasingThis species is restricted to the Aeolian Islands
The populations are very small; the
B1ab(v)+2ab(v) as Critically Endangered because its Extent of Occurrence is le
NE NA Timon (Mayer Concern in view ofIt iswide in much of presumed larg
DecreasingThis 1996; Fu 1998, 2000;common species,
its a relatively Harris et al. (exce
ies was included in the genus Lacerta, but it is now placed in the genusListed as Least and Bischoffspecies occurs distribution,Morocco1998;e
LC
ies is included in Zamenis following Utiger et al. LC Listed separated from This speciesits Lenkcommon, but(1999).popul
Unknown this species ranges from Wuster many Acco
can be and its southern limits in
(2002). Zamenis lineatus wasas Least Concern in view ofIt bywide distribution, presumed larg
LC LC Listed as Least Concern in widespread species a Crimea are conside
Stable and southern coast of the common species.a
its generally ranges eastwards
ies was previously included in the genus Ophisaurus. Glass lizards from the Balkan PeninsulaThis view ofIt iswide distribution, tolerance offro
LC NE Unknown This species can occur in Mediterranean in suis
its present at high densities and
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed larg
LC LC
Arnold et al 2007, Lacerta oertzeni is now named Anatololacerta oertzeni. DecreasingThis species present inin Turkey.and souther
its common western It is declini
Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt is wide distribution, presumed larg
LC LC (2004). Stable In Europe, It can be common in suitable habita
its species is present in central a
ies is included in Hemorrhois, rather than Coluber, following Nagy et al.Listed as Least Concern in view ofthis wide distribution, tolerance ofan
LC LC Listed as globally LeastThis species regards frominrelationship with T.
Unknown Concern in ranges to itsextreme northeaster
It is common distribution, presu
need to revise the taxonomic status of this species in the southeastern corner of its range, especially with view of its widethe Mediterranean
EN EN
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) ****NOTE THAT EUROPE AND EU is known from certain coastal are
B2ab(i,ii,iii,iv) It ASSESSMENTS ARE SAME CA
DecreasingThis species can be fairly common in suitable
Yes EN EN
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) Listed DecreasingThis species occurs only in highly is less habita
can be common in suitable than
B1ab(i,ii,iii,iv,v) as Endangered, because itsItExtent of Occurrence fragmented
NA NA Stable This species is found in southern Europe, nort
It a NAListed as Least most of
Global: LCTurkish: LCEurope: NAEU 27:common species in Concerni
NT but Listed as following Arribas (1998, It is rather rareis(1997), Fu (1998)
DecreasingThis species this species fragmented popula
1999), Fu very Central in signific
ies was formerly included in the genus Lacerta, NT is now included in Darevskia,Near Threatened because occurs inet al.inprobably and Souta
NA NA now considered a full species. ofIt is relativelyin et al 2007, Lacerta t
Stable This species present wide distribution, pres
its a common species.
natolica was previously described as a subspecies of L. danfordi, but isListed as Least Concern in view Following Arnold western Anatolia in a
NT NT Listed as by Bauer et al. (1997). The speciesof Occurrence is proba
Unknown This species its Extent can be relatively abun
ies was placed in the resurrected genus Euleptes, as opposed to Phyllodactylus, Near Threatened because is restricted to the Mediterranean
NT VU B2ab(iii) western Least Concern deserti (Gmelin, 1789) is found in the west
DecreasingThis widespread bedistribution, presumed larg
its wide a common from eastern
six recognized subspecies: E. a. arguta (Pallas, 1773) is distributed in Listed asKazakhstan; E ain view ofIt canspecies rangesspecies in paro
LC LC Stable This species iswide from eastern Portugal to c
its a common species.
populations formerly assigned to A. lineomaculatus (Harris et al. 2004). Listed as Least Concern in view ofIt rangesdistribution, presumed larg
Page 10
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
Habitat Threats Assessors
Conservation measures
The most broadleaf Quercusthis Nacional de in is habitatand Parque Miguel Tejedo, temporary climates. the west
It is presentJan to oak)Arntzen, Pedro Beja, Jaime Bosch, Nacional de Doñana, Spain, and In Aquatic
in Willem woodland Cabañeros loss, especially the loss of Miguel Lizana, Robert Jehle,
This species inhabits significant(threatParque species overallmeso-Mediterranean and thermo-Mediterraneanponds. is presume
There are no has been Franco Andreone, crevices, and forested habitat loss and illegalstreams. Naturale Regiona
It major threats identified other than generalGennargentu e in the Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio thro
recorded from Parco Nazionale Paul Edgar, Claudia vicinity of collection.
This species is found in humid rocky outcrops, caves,Roberta Lecis,localized areasGolfo di Orosei and Parco It reproducesRoma
The major threats to the species on Appendix of of the Bern Convention which Roberta IV ofareas introduced large ri
of permanent listed are pollution II waterbodies, habitat fragmentation, calm the EUEdgar, Benedikta
Antonio Romano, stagnant and running waters, and on Annex Lecis, Paul small or trout,
It is a montane speciesThis species isand temporary Roberto Sindaco, Franco Andreone, preferspredation by ofHabitats Directiv
The main threats toknowncommonly general loss of wetland habitat (through drainage occurand marshes, often wit
It is not thisis if the species occurs in any protected areas,
species are associated with still waters, slow-moving rivers, canals, in Amvrakikos Gulf. Th
This species is mostly aquatic and Thomas Uzzell, Petros Lymberakis, Idriz Haxhiu though it mightfor urbanization, tourism and
Some populations have declined due to habitat Convention. Natalia Ananjeva,beech, alder, pine, oakintroduction th
It is listed on Appendix mixed and deciduous forests (consisting of Nikolai development), etc.), Agnies
coniferous, Arntzen, Sergius Kuzmin, Protected infrastructure Orlov, in Poland. Listed in of
It can be found in wet and shaded Jan Willem II of the Berndestruction (logging andby national legislation Boris Tuniyev,their ed
occurs in threatcoloniesoccurs is displacement byin similar habitat, being foundAppendixis possibly Ernesto Recue
This to thisMiguel R. perezi , andof protected areas, species P. ridibundus . It III of the Bern Convention
with Tejedo, Iñigo lives the invasive and Salvador, in a wide variety of also threatened
Rana grafi The majormixed speciesspecies in a numberMartínez-Solano, Alfredois listed on Mario García-París, temporary and
Loss dry or slightly damp open habitatsthe Convention on the Conservation of Europeanand is habitatNatural It Salv
It is freshwater breeding of including open stream channelization) marshes Wildlife and fragmentatio
Jaime Bosch, Miguel (including woods, shrubland, salt is a threat as cultivated Alfredo can
It can be found inof suitablelisted on Appendix III habitatsTejedo, Miguel Lizana, Pedro Beja, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, areas. Habit
In the Balearic Islands, Roberto in protected areas. Therehabitatbeen resulted from excessive water and some subu
species. It occupies degradation of breeding have has some reintroductions in Ibiza, abstraction, urb
loss and coastal Antonio Romano, not Martinez-Solano
It is generally a lowlandThis species occurs Sindaco, areas (typically butIñigoexclusively sand dunes), cultivated areas, andhabita
There are a wide-varietyoccurs in several protected and and adaptable species. Loss of by national legislation in Mo
This species of habitats including rocky areas. The species is not protected Mario García-París, Ernest
major threats to this widespread stony areas, meadows, cork oak groves, Mediterranean sc
The species occurs ingenerally no David Donaire-Barroso, Alfredo Salvador, Iñigo Martínez-Solano,suitable habitat and pollutio
opportunisticmajor threats to this of the EU Natural Habitats Directive and on Appendix IIIto localized grasslands, se
It amphibian, living V adaptable species. Loss of breeding steppe, and steppe of the Berne Boris Tuniye
Sergius in mixed and deciduous forests, forest habitats may lead and other declines, but i
It is a highlyThere are no is listed on Annex Kuzmin, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Tatjana Dujsebayeva, Convention,
In Iberia threats species number ofrestrict Bosch, Miguel Tejedo, with sandy or 2000 Martínez-Solano, habitats (by
It occurs in Pedro Beja, Jaime its areas, including several NATURA Iñigo sites, andwetland on Append
generally of populations by agricultural intensification, destruction of is in dunes, oak for
The burrowing habits of thisincludeathe isolationprotecteddistribution to areas Miguel Lizana,soft soils. It occurs listedAlfredo Salv
In this species is associated Agasyan, Aziz Avisi, the Bern orthe loss wetlands, Annexesmodernisation ofwith small,
This species is listed on species is threatened by grassy of and on often alongPetro valleys, agricultura
Aram with lowland areas of marshy Convention habitat through II river Lymberakis, Claes
Within Europewestern and northern Europe the Appendix II ofBoris Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, and IV of the EU Natural
No major threats arein Petrosthough localis Ismail currently there is no management Max Sparreboom, Sergiusintern
It occurs known, protected It populations might be impacted developed or monitoring of thesethe Kuzm
some Lymberakis, viviparous, giving Theodore Papenfuss, young Harvesting for protecte
It lives in Mediterranean rocky shrubby vegetation. areas, but H. Ugurtas, birth to fully by loss of habitat. on land, and it is not ass
a wide variety of habitats including II of the forest tundra, forest, forestAnnex IVsteppe,EU Natural Habitats Directive.
It is listed destruction tundra, Berne Convention and (including acidification) and adjacent wetland and
Sergius Kuzmin, David of breeding Vladimir steppe, of the Tuniyev, Trevor glades, Bra
It occurs in It is threatened by theon Appendixand pollutionTarkhnishvili,ponds on Ishchenko, Boris forest edges andBeebee, sem
The major threat is general deforestation of suitable habitat, inEdgar,extraction, urbanization, andofreproduces throu
The species is listed on Appendix II of the areas mineral Claudia listed on Annex IV over-collection of
Franco crevices, Roberta Lecis, Paul the vicinity of streams. The species the EU Habitats
It is found in humid rocky outcrops, caves,Andreone,and forested Bern Convention and is Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Roma
The major threats are predation by Serra, Richard Griffiths, Snakelegislation. It is Beebee, Appendix forpositively ass
The species is protected carved into limestone Jaime Bosch, Trevor listed on Benedikt II of the MigueP
Joan Mayol the sub-national and national ( Natrix maura ), and the species is space with
It is currently found only in small streams deeply byintroduced Viperine mountains. The presence of competitionSchmidt,Bern C
The main wide range of forests, forestAziz Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, Jelkaappears to Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes
The over much of the rangesteppe, of the Bernethe north) Crnobrnja be the loss of IV may be presentth
Aram Agasyan, (most scrubland, Convention and is listed on Annex breeding habitats i
This species lives in athreat species is listed on Appendix IIespecially ingrassland and alpine habitats. Animals of the EU Natura
Threats to It is present include general localized loss Claudia Corti, Roberto of streams. Individuals may species h
rocky outcrops, caves, crevices, and Cinque Terre and Parco Naturale collection.Apuane. The
in Parco Nazionale delle forested areas habitat and illegal delle Alpi
It is known from humidthis species Franco Andreone, Paul Edgar,of suitable in the vicinity Sindaco, Antonio Romano occasiona
There are no threats toGeorgina reservoirs, to conserve this species. Instead, eradication pest. It has Sixto Inchaus
There are no measures required marshes, range, this species Hawaii), stream margins and irrigation in
this species. Outside its native brackish ponds (in is considered a of Joglar, been observe
This species inhabits ponds, swamps, lakes,Santos-Barrera, Geoffrey Hammerson, Blair Hedges, Rafaelthis species from itsdit
There are from species is identified some protected Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, collection. national parks). It i
This humid Franco Andreone, Paul crevices, and forested areas in the vicinity of and
rocky outcrops, caves, Edgar, localized habitat loss and illegal Antonio Romano
This species is knownno major threats present in other than some areas (Natura 2000 sites and regionalstreams, often in limesto
The main threats to this direct vicinity Pedro Beja, Miguel Tejedo, Migueland is also listed on still waters, swamps, m
This species species are Appendix (withthe Bern Convention Lizana,and the introduction of predatoryHa
is listed on of water II of intensification of agriculture Iñigo Martínez-Solano, the EU fis
It is generally found within or in theJaime Bosch,both a general surrounding dense vegetation), including Annex IV ofAlfredo Salv
The main threats to in open and are loss oflight ConventionBeebee,Annex IV Denoël, heaths, semi-desert, and Tark
It found this Appendix II of the Kuzmin, Trevor and(such as heaths the EU Habitatsnatural encroachme
Pedro Beja, Sergius specialized habitats on Mathieu of and Benedikt Directive, high mou
This species is generally is listed on species unshaded Bern sandy soils of coastal dunes, lowland dunes) by Schmidt, David is pr
The main occurs in large subterranean aquatic Convention, Claude Annexes II* and IV ofsubterranean and may be
It is listed on Appendix II of the Bern karst systems formed in land above the the EU Habitats Directive
Jan Willem Arntzen, Mathieu Denoël, on Miaud, Franco Andreone, Milan Vogrin, Paul E
The species generallythreats to this species are changes to the forested and pastorallimestone and dolomite rocks, systems, lar
Severe drought,protected by water extraction, overgrazing Degani, David Tarkhnishvili,to localized declines.present i
It is drying Sergius than legislation Disi,including steppes,loss might lead Boris Tuniyev, also InSkibah
from national Hyla arborea , Gad and habitat deserts and in Georgia (Hoseov and Syrian
The species lives in much drier landscapesKuzmin, Ahmad in Israel. Present in protected areassemi-deserts. It is Max Sparrebo
The species is species is listed orchards, vineyards, loss (intensification of Franco Andreone, Jaime development)
The in trees, shrubs, by terrestrial habitat Bern Convention and agriculture; of the EU Habitats Directiv
David Donaire-Barroso, of the Beebee, Pedro Beja, near to freshwater habitats; the Migue
This species may be foundlocally threatenedon Appendix II Trevorand grasses generallyon Annex IVinfrastructure Bosch,species
The main threats habitats particularly Marc woodlandRoberto Sindaco,(Beech, Sweet forest protected areas. spe
This species is listed on loss of Cheylan, Bern woodland Antonio Romano
Claude Miaud, mixed and deciduous Convention. It a result several fires). Pine). This
It is found in a wide variety of to this species are Appendix III of thehabitat (especially asoccurs inof Chestnut andHowever, it is no
There are no major threatspresent in some protectedrocky outcrops and caves in mountainous species Speleoma
of streamsFranco Andreone, Paul Edgar,areas. Prior to being Cheylan, Roberto Sindaco, It reproduces
is seepages, and amongst Claudia Corti, Marc considered a separate
It is found in the vicinityThe speciesandidentified other than localized loss of habitat and illegal collection. areas. Antonio Roma
The drying out (below 15°C) Montseny Natural immediate threat beech forest ( Fagus sylvatica )of water areholm o
It occurs in Salvador running waters,Martínez-Solano to this not managed amounts but also in being
the streams is the Iñigo preferentially in
It lives in oligotrophic, cold of mountainEl fastCarranza,most Park, though this area isspecies. Largeto conserve this species. Re
This species is threatened listed localized loss ofsuitable wetland habitat (presumably through drainage for agricul
This slow moving waters, where it breeds, and the surrounding terrestrial habitats. It may occasionally b
Franco Andreone, Claudia the Bern Convention and is protected by
It is associated with still andspecies is by theon Appendix IIIof Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano national legislation in Ita
In parts forests with dense protected by law in several declines through habitatis listed inaquatic Claudia the Bern Co
This species is undergrowth in hilly and mountainous areas, oftenFrancoand Appendix II of Corti overa
Antonio Romano, Marco Mattoccia, Valerio Italy, and loss Andreone, pollution. But
It is mainly found in of the species range there are some localized provinces in Sbordoni, it in north-facing mountain valleys. Only
The species is presumed wetland areas within its range. The it might be largely aquatic, beingprotected and around s
montane and to have no major threats, although species isAlfredo threatened by over-exploitation of wa
David Donaire-Barroso, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, It occurs in several found in areas.
It is mostly confined to This species is listed on Appendix III of the Bern Convention.locally Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernest
There are no is listed on Appendix species. The main localized and Tuniyev, generalBeebee,mixedHabitats of breedin
It major threats to this III of the Berne Convention threat is the Trevor pollutionFranco Andreone, Per N
Sergius Kuzmin, Vladimir Ishchenko, Boris on Annex V coniferous, and and deciduous for
Many terrestrial (associated with woodland) and aquatic habitat types are used. Present in of the EU Natural drainage Directive.
Habitat fragmentationItas a result coastal areas (typically a areas. It is of breeding habitatII ofa result ofConvention a
species. Roberto Sindaco, construction is but not exclusively on Appendix as the Bern water subu
occupies of road Antonio Romano
It is generally a lowlandThis species is presumed to occur in protectedthreat. Loss listedsand dunes), cultivated areas, andabstra
associated It is listed on woodland III by the Bern Conventionurbanization and water(e.g. Roberto Sindaco, Antonio
with lowland Appendix and local also found to Milanwetland Claudia pollution (presumably by in stan
Franco Andreone, Benedikt Schmidt, and protected by national legislation in Italy and Swit
It is usually The species is potentially threatened of forest;habitat loss in some isVogrin, habitats Corti,reedbeds). It breeds agroch
is sensitive to changes habitatsquality. Jan Willem Arntzen, Mathieu Denoël, the EUJehle, breeding and Protected
Listed on Appendix Romano, The principal threats to Mediterranean climates. Its Franco Andreone, Bra
Antonio II from beech woodlands to arid the species are loss aquatic habitats, larval de
There are aItwide variety of terrestrialin water of the Bern Convention. Listed on Annex IV ofRobertofHabitats Directive.especially
This species occurs of Mediterranean-type habitats aquatic scrub, through drainage, agrochemical pollution, the ii
species in Pedro Beja, protectedloss Miguel Tejedo, Paul Edgar, David and cultivated land. It is genera
a threatened through areas in Iberia, but there is woodland Donaire-Barroso, populations
This is a highly aquatic It is generally number of Jaime Bosch, ofincludinghabitatsopen a need to monitor vulnerableMiguel Lizana
habitats of The speciesinclude habitat fragmentation, the rivers, mountain rivers and lakes; it is most to streams, wa
this is listed on Appendix II of the Bern Convention, on Annex IV of the EU Habitats Directive an
are exclusively unpolluted small introduction of predatory fishes Romano, Roberto Sindaco
The aquaticThreats to this species Claude Miaud, Roberta Lecis, Paul Edgar, Marc Cheylan, Antonio (e.g.. trout) often found in c
is threatened listed on Appendix III of steppe, Beebee, bush and (e.g. riparian alder groves), meadows, Directive
It and mixed loss through the Berne intensificationAndreone, Per Nyström, Natural of waterbodies, d
Sergius Kuzmin, Trevor steppe, Franco and Annex IV of channelization Anthony, Benedik
It is presentItin deciduousis by habitatforests, forestagricultural Conventionlandson urbanization,the EUBrandon Habitats fields and
Threats in shallow, unshaded Andreone, Claudia Corti, Roberto fragmentationlarval development takes placefor the
This species is listed on into largely of the Bern and Sindaco, and Annexes habitat ofdrainageHabita
are presumed forests and open areas. Spawning Antonio Romano, Filippo the EU in int
The species occurs to this species Franco pools Appendix II include loss Convention, and onof wetlandII and IVto Giachi, Stefano
The main threats are the loss Beja, Jaime Bosch, Doñana National Parks, Spain, and is listed on Appendix II of the
associated with meadows and open oak ( Quercus ) forests, most often in sandy areas. fishes and Louis
Pedro of suitable Mediterranean Tejedo, Miguel ş Lizana, Iñigo of predatory Reproduction an
This species is closely It is known to occur in Cabañeros and Miguelforest habitat, the introductionMartínez-Solano, Alfredo Salv
It is threatened speciesof listed on Appendix II habitats including still and Aquatic listedwaters Sindaco, the EU Hab
wide range Franco Andreone, Roberta Lecis, aquatic Miaud, Claudia Corti, Roberto by IV ofspecies on
is loss of suitable woodland and Claude habitats. slow-running on Annex this Antonio Ro
The species inhabits a The by generalaquatic and terrestrialof the Bern Convention and is alsohabitats usedin open or wooded (C
Within its naturally restricted range,within often found area in threatened ,pine Avci, Nazan Üzüm, in areas in Turke
This species outcrops, the species is potentially Greece, and ishabitat in three protected modified and o
Petros Lymberakis, protected in marquis scrub or found loss caused by Can fires, habit
It is associated with rocky limestone is present and is a Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta byAzizwoodlands (and not forestYeniyurt, Fe
Major threats are agricultural intensification, throughoutstreams generallyClaudedry ofListed on Annexland, theLizan
Protected by national legislation drainage, pollution, Bosch,etwithin Miaud, Miguelhabitats through inten
Jan ponds, pools, ditches and its range (Gasc al. , 1997). aquatic heath Miguel EU
Aquatic habitats include well-vegetatedWillem Arntzen, Robert Jehle, Jaimeand eutrophication woodlands, Tejedo,IV of fields anH
The species seems to be may be sensitive to water quality and clear spaces Pollution on wetlands by of the Bern fo
It is areas, generally avoiding moist in Boris Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic,Appendix II industry, dom
Aram Agasyan, Aziz Avisi, most European range states. Listed of deciduous and mixed C
It is mostly present in open protected by national legislation soils. It inhabits soil structure. in coniferous,Petro Lymberakis, Claes
reported from heavilyon Appendix III of the Berneincluding ditches, of many waterways caused of ,agrochemical
It is listed vegetatedUzzell, habitats and aquatic pollution frogs', including the edges by are not protec
Thomas aquatic habitats Convention. 'Green
It has been The major threat is drainage of wetlandJelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic swamps, marshes, R. shqiperica slow-flowing riva
The species is listed on Appendix II of the Berne Convention and isTuniyev, forests,IV of the EU Natural Habitatsm
It associated with to changesAgasyan, Aziz Avisi, loss and fragmentation bush and shrublands, meadow
Ugur Kaya, Aram in habitat, including Boris listed on Annex of forests, bush Petro and D
This species is generallyis quite sensitive open, well-illuminated broad-leaved and mixed Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic,groves Lymbe
The main threatlisted on Annexis localized drainage habitats. It breeds Corti, RobertotemporaryConvention. This spe
It is to the species IV of the EUFranco of wetlands. Pollution variety of the Bern ponds, Romano (es
Jan Willem Arntzen, Habitats Directive, and on Appendix II of Sindaco, aquatic habitats
This species is often associated with woodland and agriculturalAndreone, Claudia in aand eutrophication ofAntonio ditches, slow
While thereIt is listed on Annex IV ofscree slopes,Romano, Franco on streams, usually above the tree line.underkno
are no major threats to this species, some localized small Appendix tourism might be Cheylan, the Sa
Roberto and the Antonio often close to development Claude Miaud, Convention The ha
It is associated with rocky alpine meadows Sindaco, EU Habitats Directive and Andreone, forII of the BernMarc disturbingClaudia
The major threats to the Appendix II of the small- to medium-sized slightly MiguelAnnexes Paul water Portugal from
It is listed on species are pollution of streams with agrochemicals, canalization, II and IV in the EU Habit
Jan Willem Arntzen, Jaime Bosch, Mathieu also listed on Tejedo, and Edgar, Miguel Lizan
The species is associated with clear, well-oxygenated, Bern Convention, and isDenoël, acidic streams (although ofextraction it ha
The main threats to this in deciduous forests andareas, and Robert of its range mitigation through drainage androad
It is presentJan number of protected groves, habitat destruction (for example, measures Anthony, indam
species are rapid anthropogenic bushlands, flooded meadows and Brandon and also ag
It is found in open habitats with mixedaWillem Arntzen, Sergius Kuzmin,in parts Jehle, Mathieu Denoël, swamps, to reduceClau
habitat of this threatenedseveral destructionforest;across its originalIt is listed on Appendix IIBenedikt Schmidt, Clau
It present is semi-hygrophilous areas in secondary habitats it deciduous forests humid Padano Venetia
in by the protected of much of the range. humid is Trent Garner, of the deciduous woo
The originalThis species is species Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Franco Andreone, associated withof the Bern Convention
Page 11
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
This species is threatened listed localized loss ofsuitable wetland habitat Antonio Romano national found agricul
This slow moving waters and Claudia in nearby terrestrial habitats. protected by drainage for in mixe
Franco Andreone, is found the Berne Convention (presumably through
It is associated with still andspecies is by theon Appendix IIIof Corti, Roberto Sindaco, and isThis species is usuallylegislation in I
This species is vulnerable to fish on Appendix and breeding habitat destruction Vladimir Ishchenko, Pedro aquatic po
This species ğ listed introduction III of is Bern Convention. alpine and in many protected areas, Fran
Jan Willem Arntzen, Mathieu Denoël, Sergius Kuzmin, (drainage of wetlands including wet,
is
This is a very aquatic species generally found close to water. Itthewidespread in bothIt is presentlowland habitatsand Beja, and
Threats include listed oneutrophication (through intensification and isIñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario
It is mountain streamsIII Miguel Tejedo, Claude Miaud, included in and regional catalogues introductio
Appendix and torrents in which the water cold, clear the well oxygenated, and Navarra
It lives in and close to rockystreamJaime Bosch, of the Berne Convention of agricultural practices), drought, potentialofis also fo
It is generally is listed onwithin light Sergius Kuzmin, Max (oak, on Appendix IV of the EU Habitats Directive.meadows
It threatened by the drainage and eutrophication of breeding sites, development (and logging) Steven A
ur Kaya, deciduous woodland Sparreboom, Ismail Ugurtas, David Tarkhnishvili, This spe
It is found in glades and open sitesUAppendix II the Bern Convention and beech, hornbeam etc.), and less frequent in of suitabl
There are no threats identified otherAppendix II of the Bern Convention and on Annex IV in the vicinity of streams.
damp mountain regions,than some localized Paul of habitat and illegal collection.Sindaco, Antonio threat
Roberta on Franco Andreone, loss Edgar, and forested Roberto However, these Roma
The species is found inThe species is listedLecis,rocky outcrops, caves, crevices,Claudia Corti, areasof the EU Natural Directive
wide are generally no Jaime threats thethis widespread species. localizedV of the include changes in habitat througi
It is temporary and III of to Berne Convention and on Annex threats EU Natural Habitats The terrestria
major Bosch, Miguel Tejedo, Pedro Beja, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo etc.). Directive. It
It inhabits aTherevariety of listed on Annexpermanent waterbodies (pools, streams, ditches, irrigation canals Salvador, Mario Ga
There dampSalamandra atra isAndreone,Appendix Denoël, Claude Miaud, local populations Paul aurorae is listed o
alpine no Franco to the Italian populations of Bernmixed, broadleaf and coniferous woodland. are Vog
threats listed on Mathieu II heath and Convention and Salamandra Switzerland Animals
It is found in cool, are generallymeadows, stony pastures, dwarf of the S.a. atra. SomeBenedikt Schmidt,inatra Edgar, Milan threa
It is aquatic specieslocalized loss of habitat through determine this wetlands,species' habitats include permanent p
Further of Theodore Papenfuss,with rich aquatic vegetation. The pollution, excessive drought and the
permanent wetlands Sergius Kuzmin, Ahmad Disi, Gad Degani, Ismail Ugurtas, Max Sparre
This is a largelythreatened by asurveys are needed to accuratelythe drainage of species range. It is protected by national legisla
It is generally is listed on Annex Kuzmin, Trevor Beebee, Franco Andreone, is and slow wetland rivers and streams.
It threatened by aquatic the EU such as Habitats Directive and drainage Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Ag
Sergius V wetlands Natural ponds, channels, and Brandon of moving habitats. The frog-le
It is a largely aquatic species associated with of pollution (often by agrochemicals)ditchesprotected by national legislation in man
The main threats tospecies that inhabits andmountain ofde Ordesa habitats. Infrastructure development and tourism
It has this recordedare Miguel damage lakes, torrents, streams, and occasionallyNacional de Aigüe
species from Parque Nacional its aquatic Claude Perdido and Parque cave Edgar, Iñigo
It is a largely aquatic montanebeenJaime Bosch,losscold Tejedo, Roberta Lecis,y Monte Miaud, Miguel Lizana, Paulsystems, tha
There are no major threats Willemspecies. localized Kuzmin,to the is listed in Theodore Papenfuss, Max woodlands
It with woodland occur Arntzen, Sergius threatsconiferous, mixed forests and dry forests Books and List
Jan to this in including protected Trevor Beebee, a number of drainage, pollution and e
It is generally associated is presumed to habitats, numerousdeciduous,areas. Itspecies include general Red Data and Sparreboo
The main species this speciesIV of the flowing streams Roberto Sindaco, substrate. Itthe Bern Convention and it is
It is listed on Annexwith fast loss of stream habitats a rocky Antonio of presumably through in small p
Franco are the Claudia Corti, that have aquatic pollution may
It is a mostly montanethreats toassociated Andreone,EU Habitats Directive, and on Appendix IIRomano also be found agriculture
It is generally threatened outcrops, Appendix caves, crevices, Edgar, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio in of
humid rocky by localized habitat II of the illegal collection.
Franco Andreone, Roberta Lecis, Paul and forested it is also listed on Annexes moss Roma
The species is found inThe species is listed on limestone loss and Bern Convention, andareas with a good growth of II and IV the
At a global scale, deciduous appears not to II significantly threatened. Populations of thisgrasslands. At low locally
The species is listed mixed Mathieu bushlands and meadows, on Annexes II species might be elevat
Sergius Kuzmin, forests, Denoël, Brandon Anthony, Franco Andreone, IV of Natural Habitat
It can be found in coniferous, the speciesandon Appendixbe of the Bern Convention andfloodplains and and Benedikt Schmidt, A
The loss of The species is listed on AppendixUzzell,streams, Convention. Although it occurs in many protected area
aquatic habitats is the principal threat to this species. Extraction of stream water
Peter Beerli, Thomas III of Petros Lymberakis larval development
It is associated with wetlands including slow-moving rivers andthe Berne lakes and marshes. Breeding andthe uplands for agric
The open threat pine groves Bosch, Miguel Tejedo, habitat as a resultSierra Nevada. It is throughout aquaticMario
The species species is recorded associated Nacional de of Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Appendix II speci
has and continued loss of Miguel limestone or gypsum soils. This is on Salvador, of is
An inhabitant of major areas, to thisJaimebeen shrublandfrom ParquewithLizana, Iñigo increased ariditylisted a very its range. It the
The major threat is habitat loss and to permanentConvention. It probably
It is listed on Appendix Thomas Uzzell, Petros aquatic habitats. Although the site area onto habitat cha
Peter Beerli, degradation still or slow-running waters and apparently sensitive Karpathos, b
It is a mostly aquatic species, largely restrictedIII of the Bern of suitable Lymberakis occurs in a protected from which the specie
The speciesin pine and Jaime Bosch, suitableTejedo, Miguel Convention in part very rockyAlfredo is listed in region
is threatened listed on Appendixbreeding Bern Lizana,result of excessive water landscapes. droughts, a
oak forests, Miguel II of the habitat as a Iñigo Martínez-Solano, withdrawal, Adults occ
The species is present This species is by loss ofmost often on calciferous substrate,(asopen,of obstetricans ). It Salvador, Mario
strongly associated with Appendix II ofMarcBern Convention and on Annexes II and IV of especially found in areas
It listed on running waters predatory salmonid fishes.
Claude Miaud, the Cheylan, Roberto Sindaco
This frog is This species is threatened by introducedin high-altitude pristine woods and forests, and isthe EU Habitats Directive.
Threats to this usually Miguel Tejedo, habitatsGorbea and Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Spain, where itlakes and marsht
It is present include shady Jaime tourism development, urbanization of Salvador, Mario García-París,
in Parque Natural del (with Iñigo Parque Natural de Izki rivers, streams, is also protected
This is an aquatic species speciesfound in pressure fromBosch,abundant vegetation) close toin the lowland range, habitat loss E
The aquatic is mostly threatened byAppendixof breedingstreams beingJaime Bosch, Miguel nationalMiguel Lizana,
The species is listed onArntzen, Pedro Beja, Robertcaused by drainage for agriculture and urbanization.
Jan Willem shallow III of and pools Jehle, the preferred habitat. It may legislation in S
This is a largely species species, with vegetated the loss pondsthe Bern Convention, and is protected by Tejedo,also be found in
There are generally no Aram Agasyan, this coniferous, mixedandJelka Crnobrnjanational and bushlands, meadows,
It adaptable species present in Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, is protected forests, groves, sub-national legislatio
major threats to the widespread and and deciduous by Isailovic, might be locally impacte
This is a widespread andis listed on Appendix III ofAziz Bern Convention common species. PopulationsPetro Lymberakis, Claes
There are no is the vicinity of pools, of the Bern streams,Marc Cheylan, on Annex IV Philippe Geniez, Roberto SinT
It significant Appendix II ponds and present.usually in woody areas. In residential Habitats Directive.
Franco Andreone, Claude Miaud,
This species is found withinlisted on threats to this species atConvention and is listedClaudia Corti, of the EUareas they can be fo
The main as often fragmented populations in forested the loss of breeding habitats through wetland drainage, areIt
In view of the species range appears to be Sindaco, Antonio dry grassland, semi-deserts and deserts.
Iñigo Martínez-Solano, is presumably present in Romano
This species is found threat over much of the wide range itRoberto areas, scrubland, some protected areas. Further studiesdesic
Deforestationis forestsJan Willem of the EUTheodore species) and be the Kuzmin, DavidII this species. Vladimir Ish
It and pollution of wetlands by coniferous Papenfuss, Sergius on Appendix forest steppeIn the forme
Annex IV Arntzen, Natural Habitats Directive, surroundings; the of the Bern and even
It can be found in mountainlisted on(broad-leaved and agrochemicals appear to theirandmain threats toTarkhnishvili,Convention.tr
It is very successful occurring in a very wide range of John Measey, Kimheavily modified Veloso, Herman is not imp
species in Richard Tinsley, Leslie Minter, species including Howell, Alberto anthropogenic habitats. A
many protected is an
It is a water-dependentIt occurs and adaptable, andareas.invasivehabitats, in many areas. Recent studies show that it Núñez, It
The only in a granitic, Antoniocaveless area, in humid rocky outcrops, crevices,“Sette Fratelli-Monte Genas”. repro
This population is inRomano, Roberto Sindaco Naturale Regionale and threats areas.It possibly
almost a recorded from so Parco
This species is foundknown species has beenprotected area, the there are not any obvious direct forestedto its habitat. However
It is generally is listed on Appendix IIloss through drainage or loss of breeding wetlands and Natural Habitats Directiv
It threatened by habitat of the Berneare generally listed uncultivated lands suchconversion of land to D
Aram Agasyan, occupied Convention; open on Annex IV of the EU as light forests, steppe
It is a largely fossorial species. Terrestrial habitats Boris Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén,ag
This species is threatened in its Uzzell, range III of the Bern wetland habitats species is present in the Lake Skadar
This species is listednative Franco Andreone, Petros water wetland habitats. It breeds in various stagna
Thomas on areas close to suitable Convention. The Milan Vogrin, Idriz Haxhiu, Jelka Crno
It is a largely aquatic species, generally found inAppendixby drainage of openLymberakis,and aquatic pollution of many waterwa
Threats include drainageis stonyDenoël, national legislation rivers It is also al. , Bosch, Loss of et al. , Miguel Tejedo,
This species Mathieu areas (including drystone throughout Jaime 1997). Claude suitable freshwater is
marshland Pedro Beja, Franco Andreone, et observed in (Gasc flooded quarries it br
Its preferred habitats are dry or dampofprotected byand canalization of walls). (Gascits range states dunes,Miaud,1997) and and l
In parts forests with dense protected by law in several declines through habitatis listed in this species of the Bern Co
This species is undergrowth in hilly and mountainous areas. Only Valerioand Appendix II are aquatic C
Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Marco Italy, and loss Sbordoni, pollution. But overa
It is mainly found in of the species range there are some localized provinces inMattoccia, itfemales of aquaticFranco Andreone,du
The aquatic, montane species associated ofHabitats Directiveresultingstreams andthe Bern often drainage,isshady d
It is listed onspeciesIV of the EU suitable habitat, rivers, from Ajtic, fires, wetland locatedIt construc
Annex is the loss Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko III of springs Convention. in
This is a largely major threat to thisPetros Lymberakis, with cold small clearand AppendixforestMilan Vogrin, Idriz Haxhiu protect
The species is sensitive to changes thewater quality. Correspondingly, an oak, alder etc.), their glades and edges, d
Listed mixed and deciduousBern Convention, and there is industrial Plan. Listed on Annexes II and Vlad
Jan Willem in forests (composed of pine, Jehle, Trevor Beebee, water, destruction and in
It can be found in coniferous, on Appendix II ofArntzen, Sergius Kuzmin, Robertbirch,Action pollution of David Tarkhnishvili, IV o
General habitat loss, largely to agricultural development (including loss of breeding sites), has contributed toDirectiv
The including temperate Trevor Beebee, Benedikt Schmidt,and on Annex IV of the EU Habitats the dec
Jaime Bosch, forests, II of the Bern Convention Miguel Tejedo, slopes with small stones a
It lives in terrestrial habitats,species is listed on Appendix semi-arid areas, walls, embankments, andIñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfre
The principal threats include mixed, Appendix III ofPapenfuss, Max Sparreboom, forest management, and Within th
This species is listed on or rarely, habitat destruction, unsympathetic brooks by nationalrivers. pollution
Sergius Kuzmin, Theodore the Bern Convention and is protected and small legislation over
It is associated with wet cool deciduous, localized general coniferous forests with well shadedIsmail Ugurtas, Steven Anderson,
in a wide variety of Mediterranean AppendixAndreone, Miguel Tejedo, and onDonaire-Barroso,EU Habitats Directiv
The species is to Bosch, Franco II of the Bern sandy coastal areas, pastures, vineyards, woods and fo
Jaime be locally threatened (but not especially David Annex a of the of traditional land-u
It is presentSicilian populations appearlisted on habitats including open, Conventionendangered) byIV declineMiguel Lizana, Iñigo
in a varietyIt is locally on Appendix Arntzen,heathlands,pollution and Jehle, (where Denoël, Benediktinabandonment
is listed threatened marshes, Trevor Beebee, and is protected by national be very common), pasture
including by of the drainage, moorlands, eutrophication may legislation most parts of
It is presentThe speciesof habitats Jan Willem IIIgeneralBern ConventionRobert forests Mathieuitof breeding pools,Schmidt, Jaim
The threatsAdditional taxonomic studies are for populations recognized as Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, variab
to of species are poorly known, but Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Pseudepidalea belonging, to seems plaus
Aziz Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, in view of the widely reported distribution variabilis it Pseudepida
Although additional detailsthe natural history are needed needed for populations currently indicated as for PseudepidaleaDan Co
There appearis protected it international legislation Populations itsEgypt are threatened bymany protectedforinsideF
It to be no Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentinareas, cliffs, stone walls, ruins, overcollection Juan P
major threats to this species. rocky Pérez range, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc walls and the
It is found in a variety of habitats, andby has been recorded fromover parts of inMellado, and it occurs inbuilding Cheylan,areas.pe
There are no major threats present in the stony Hermon montane regions. is is Riyad Sadek, Yehudah Werner, Wo
This species is to the species inMousa Disi, protected area. It It protected by in human modified over
Ahmad Mohammed Turkey. Relictual southern populations are possibly national legislation
This species is found in sparsely vegetated, rocky or Mountareas, inSouad Hraoui-Bloquet, not presentIsraeli threatened by areas
The causes occurred through much of this present Iñigo Martínez-Solano been introduced cats, consumption by peo
is not known if the species is species range appear in areas. There is a need is presumably an egg-la
Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Palma, living to have
It apparently previouslyItof extinction over the littoral zone of Lain any protected xerophytic vegetation. Itto verify the identity of an
species has been species isin Iran from silty direct conversion Agasyan, Nikolai needed for this species as a overgra
Other recorded Tuniyev, Natalia Ananjeva, Aram due sparse scrub,of intensive agriculture vegetation.
Boris threatened by habitat conservation measures are steppe and grassland and whole.
This diurnalIn some areas thethan research activities, no alluvium flats, among to expansionOrlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven An
The threatsItopen species are not well known,national legislation (AppendixIdriz Haxhiu, Jelka valleys it can of EU H
is protected by international and although it on Rastko Ajtic,somewhat adaptable species. It may be l
Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, walls and a II of Bern Convention, Annex IV be foun
This species is found into this woodlands, scrubland, hedges, bushes,appears to bein olive groves. In riverCrnobrnja-Isailovic, R
There is some of habitats protected humid Miras, trade, but not atarid gulliesconstitute a areas, woodland and plant
This species of this species national and international a level to and sandy threat It the species. Ther
Jose Antonio by for meadows and Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
It is found in a wide varietycollection is including, Mateo the pet Valentinvalleys,(Bern Convention) legislation. to occurs in a numb
It is threatened species isits range woodland of the Bern Atjic, Milan Vogrin, Claudia IV of Valentin Pérez Mellado, iP
rocky coastlines, open by the intensification Convention,and mixed) afforestation ofhedgerows, (e.g..
of listed on Annex II (deciduous, coniferous and on Annex scrubland, open Union Habit
It is found in moorland,Thisin partsJelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko of agricultural practices, andCorti,the Europeanareas woodla
There are rocky areasPetros Lymberakis
No specific conservation measures shrubland (frygana). It is an egg-laying species.introduced predator
and to affect the species at present, but recommended that restrictions
This species occupiesno threats known Mediterranean-typeare in place. It is it would be highly vulnerable to are placed on visitin
There are no is listed on verges, of the Isailovic, Milan Vogrin,AppendixCorti, its pineHabitats Directive. It small scal
It major threats to this adaptable scrubland, the northern part of Valentin plantations, vineyards,protecte
Jelka Crnobrnja Bern Convention and Claudia IV of the EU it is threatened by is orchard
It is found in grassy areas, roadside Annex IIhedgerows, species. Inwoodland edges, insiderange,Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sou
species is found in threats toof habitats, including, forests, mountainous areas. No direct conservation measures a
In view a variety range, it Aziz Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Petro even coastal areas
Aram this species as whole.
This diurnalThere are no majorof its wideAgasyan, is likelyato occur in many protectedareas, fields, rivers and Lymberakis, Claes
There appear to species is listed on Appendix III Tok, Bern adaptable speciesalso be Pierre-André Crochet, Göran
This be no Petrosthreats to thisVarol sparse vegetation. It Murat Sevinç, found its woodland,Dagestan,
major Lymberakis, widespread and Convention. It be over most of in range. In fallow is
This species occurs in a wide variety of dry, rocky areas withof theIshmail Ugurtas, can is present in many protected areas. Itagr
It is threatened by the collectionPérez-Mellado, the its breeding ofsimilar to that ofof specific management for the rec
occurs in Valentin of Natural de las Batuecas y Sierra de Francia, but all-terrain vehicles the females la
the Parque specimens, Rafael Marquez, roads, the use Iberolacerta cyreni, and the effec
It lives in rocky habitatsItat high altitudes in temperate forest. If construction isIñigo Martínez-Solano
This species is frequentlyincluding people aswoodland anda viper. In Egypt some rocksIsrael. ThereDan Cogalnicean
It found in killed by open areas. resembles shrubland, with it is also threatened by collection for is a
Aram Agasyan, Aziz it It Boris Tuniyev, Petro Lymberakis, in and bushy is a need It dev
This species is found in open areas,many protected dry Avisi, is protected by national legislation Claes Andrén,vegetation. to the
The populations species is listed on highly fragmented Sá-Sousa, Rafael Marquez, Iñigonumber of protected in areas
This of this Valentin are Annex II of the Bern Convention, dampoccurs in a Martínez-Solano
species Pérez-Mellado, Paulo the tree-line in by it habitats, where it can be found areas
In most places, this is a mountainous species often found close toand threatenedandhabitat loss due to agriculture, silviculturein
Page 12
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
The main threats to this many habitatMateo on by Gomera.Rey. now species is to Martínez-Solano
It is presentJose Antonio predation La Valentin It is The restricted protected by international species hi
species are Rural de Valle Gran and rock falls Iñigo dry cliffs with sparse vegetation. Th
This species is once widespread in in the Parque types Miras,feral cats,Pérez-Mellado,within its restricted range. The legislation.
It is threatened by accidental mortality field edges, traditionally itRomano to occur in some protected areas.
It is listed on Annex Corti, the Bern Sindaco, Antonio is known the species is relatively common.
Claudia III of on roads, especially in areas where
It is found in dry, open woodlands and shrubland,Roberto Convention, and cultivated land, stone walls and old buildings. It is an als
While thereThis species is includedthreats toRed Data Book of Kazakhstan (1996) - category 3, in theon roads. As w
appear to be no major into the woodland, Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja while it Petro Lymberakis, Claes
Aram (macchia) and the Boris steppe and other grassland, rocky hillsides, Red Data Boo
It is found in dry areas of open scrublandAgasyan, Aziz Avisi,species, it is often killed by trafficIsailovic,is baskingsemi-desert, ov
It is threatened by habitat loss through Aziz Red Data Books of numerous countries in the western part the hedgerow
The species is included dunes, grassland, steppe, to intensive agricultural use (especially Cogalnicean
Aram Agasyan, the Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, Petro Lymberakis, meadows, shrubland, loss of h
It can be found in meadows, heathland, coastalintourbanization, conversionsubalpine and alpineClaes Andrén, Dan of its range.
This species associatedwide lowland Natalia Ananjeva, Aram Agasyan, Nikolaiof habitatsubspecies agriculture and
In view of its with range ofpresumably occurs in some aconversion Orlov, cover. The subspecies P. g.
Boris areas it sandy its range through the sparse areas. The to Tuniyev, and Steven is
This species is generally is threatened in Tuniyev, parts of soil, sometimes with protectedvegetation SakointensiveP. g. salsatusAn
of this species have Caucasusinin species is declining Aram Other than general and montane steppes, brush, shru
This species occurs numerous protected areas. Agasyan,habitat destruction. Tuniyev, and Steven An
Boris Tuniyev, Natalia Ananjeva, due to general Nikolai Orlov, Sako
PopulationsIn some places in thebeen foundtheareas with rushes, clay semi deserts, lowland research activities, no direct cons
A number populations in is scrubland andPetros Lymberakis, be threatened by overcollection of the EU Habitats lan
This species western Böhme, Turkey, appear to Varol Tok,is listed on Annex Murat Sevinç, trade. Ther
Wolfgang Anatolia, II of the Bern Convention. It Ishmail Ugurtas, IV for the pet Pierre-And
This species is found in Mediterraneanlisted on Annex mountain steppe habitats. It can be found in rural gardens, cultivated Dire
There generally appearfound in humid threatsII of the habitats. the more northern parts Populations is locally thr
This speciesto be no on Appendix to this Bern Convention, Cheylan,species. of theNettmann, LászlóHa
is listed Böhme, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Marc and on Hans Konrad European Union K
In dry areas, the species is largely Wolfgang major or semi-humid adaptableItand widespread Annex IV of its range itaremostly fou
This species is possibly threatened Appendix IIIMarc habitatrockcattle, collection notspecimens, and is egg-laying sp
This species habitats, such as stony of the Bern Convention. Itand of occur in any protected areas. A
Valentin Pérez-Mellado, meadows, by outcrops does
This species is found in rocky alpineis listed on by overgrazing of Cheylan, Patrick Haffner gravelly slopes. It is an inferred to be
in clay of its range, this species is threatened bygenerally withAgasyan,cover of Orlov, Sako agriculture. for this sp
stony desert and semi-desertBoris Tuniyev, Aram a spare Nikolai vegetation. Animals can Steven in
Natalia research areas, no direct conservation transformation to Tuniyev, and
It is presentIn parts andOther than general Ananjeva,activities,overgrazing and habitatmeasures are currently needed be foundAn
species is associated Juan Pleguezuelos, regions, and it occurs in a Pérez-Mellado, Rafael be found inof the insula
It is protected by international legislationsparse vegetation. number of in can also Marquez, Iñigo Martíne
especially sandy areas with has led Valentin The species this species. Some scrubland a
This diurnalModification of habitat, with open, in coastalPaulo Sá-Sousa, to localized declines protected areas.
There appear to species is listed on field edges, within open woodlands, forested areas and Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sou
This be no Jelka Crnobrnja this wide Milan Vogrin, Claudialocally Valentin Pérez the European Union Ha
major threats to Isailovic, ranging species. It is Corti, threatened in parts of its range, espec
It is found in bushy vegetation at woodland and Appendix II of the Bern Convention, and on Annex IV of shrubland, hedgerows,
This species has declined throughout much of the lowlands and even The hedgerows,areas of Iberia. Threats identi
This species is listed onareas, II drythe Bern Convention. in the montane stone walls andSá-Sousa, Va
Jose rocky Mateo of scrubland and woodland, Nouira, does Joger, Paulo sometimes
This species is found in generally moist,AntonioAnnexinMiras, Marc Cheylan, M. Saïd species Ulrich occur in protected areas inin
coastal sand dunes, pine and oakoccurs and number of
The species probably forest in
Iñigo Martínez-Solano
It occurs in No major threats to this species are known.a shrubland. protected areas. It is listed on Appendix III of the Bern Conv
There appearis presentmajor threats to this species. Ishmailno direct conservation actions currently needed for this
It to rocky and bushyBöhme, It is generally with many snakes, itSevinç, Pierre-André sometimes occur
in many places. areas. There are Ugurtas, Murat is locally persecuted.
This species is found in dry, be no WolfgangprotectedVarol Tok, As restricted to the Mediterranean biotope. It Crochet, Riyad Sa
It locally threatened no conservation activities areand Aramneeded for this species asto agricultural and Steven An
In general by the stabilisation dunes. Animals have Agasyan, recorded from flat Tuniyev, land (through
Boris open sand of dunes currently also been dune Orlov, a whole. The distinct, isolat
This species is generally associated withTuniyev, Natalia Ananjeva,the conversion ofNikolaihabitatsSakodesert areas, where pop
The threatsThis found Juan Pleguezuelos,Mediterranean habitats. It in manyfound in moist, Marquez, studies eaten
to this species are not well of Paulomight be locally threatened protected areas. Further Iñigo Martíne
in a wide variety national Sá-Sousa, occurs Pérez-Mellado, Rafael It is known to be are n
It is a subterranean species species is protected byknown; it legislation. ItValentinis often by urbanization.sandy soils that are eas
It is believed that the on Annex II of the Bern other females may lay three clutches annually consisting of one to in th
It is rocky areas andPérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Valentin cats and The predators on Appendix II of CITES. This species is present thre
This species occurs in arid listed introductionin scrubland.Convention and resulted in the extirpation of the species from the main
There are is found in scrubland on low cover, the Bernanimals are Pérez Mellado,or are persecuted Juan M. Pleg
This species is threats to this species. Many Convention. dunes, roadsnumber Sá-Sousa, cultivated lan
Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Claudia Corti, Valentin It occurs in a Paulo of protected farmers. T
A venomous snake, it overall no major listedwithAnnex III of open spaces, coastalkilled ongrassland, meadows and byareas throu
In general dry areas ofPetro Lymberakis, shrubland or Convention. It is present in many protected declining prot
This appear to be no on Annex II ofto this species as and sclerophyllousis believed to Wilkinson, occas
is listed major threats Agasyan, Boris Tuniyev, In Israel it woodland. In Armenia it Natali
This is found in arid orthere speciessparse grassland,Aram the Berncropland,a whole Dan Cogalniceanu, John beareas. It isin so
crepuscular and nocturnal species canmajor threats to this species, itPérez-Mellado, Rafael areas. Marc Cheyla
It is listed on be Pleguezuelos, Paulo Sá-Sousa, ValentinMediterranean-type habitats with mortality o
Juan no overall Bern Convention and stony is locally threatened by accidental
This mainlyAlthough there appear toAnnex III of thebe found in sunny and it is present in many protectedMarquez,good vegetat
This species is areas including south facing slopes, Overall, there appear to Annex IVIshmailEuropean Murat Sevin
This species is listed on fires in Turkey. meadows, scrubland and clearings the Ugurtas, Union Habit
Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, of threats to this species. In
This species is found in drythreatened by forest Annex II of the Bern Convention, and on be no majorin woodland (both deciduou
This species is possibly threatened Appendix IIIMarc habitatConvention.in rocky slopes, outcrops and by future hab
This species is alpine habitats and isof the commonly found In is inferred present in the National areas,
Valentin Pérez-Mellado, most Bern by cattle, and Spain it is
This species is found in subalpine and listed on by overgrazing of Cheylan, Iñigo Martínez-Solano to be threatenedsimilar Parks
There do in is presentwellany threats areas Turkey oftenspecies. water. It conservation actions are land, amongU
It appear to beprotected areas Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Göran Nilson, Ferdi Akarsu, r
in vegetated to this widespread close to
This species is foundnotrocky and Petros Lymberakis, in that are and Greece. No furthercan be found in cultivated needed.
This species is leaf litter is present fires protected There appear Varol Tok, can be found in ruralboth Turkey is anC
In Lebanon Petros Lymberakis, Turkey. areas, and it toareas. threats to Ugurtas, in in Sevinç, It and
it of woodland, forested and shrubby humid be no Ishmail this species gardens. is pos
This species is found in thethreatened by forestin twoin Pierre-André Crochet, is presentItin protected areasMurat Cyprus.ItSouade
It generally declining Juan Pleguezuelos, habitatunderstand the recent population declines Marquez, Marcbetter. I
Further studies are needed in order to loss, pesticide pollution and poisoning. Predators might also be e
because woodland, scrubland, olive groves, vineyards, meadows, of this species Cheyla
This species is found in open and dry areas of ongoing Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Rafael arable areas and sandy
The terrestrial species Claudia Corti, of scrubland, woodland edges, pasture, cultivated the EU Habitats Directive.
This on Sicily appear on be stable, II of the Bernsmall islandsand Annex threatened by rural gardens. Th
found in to Appendix although on Convention
This is a largely populations species is listedareasRoberto Sindaco, Antonio Romanoit could be IV of land and competition and h
This species is threatened listed on persecution whenand open areas.It occurs in several protected areas. agricul
This species scrubland, woodland edges encountered, loss known also Rafael in and the intensificatio
Juan Pleguezuelos, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin It of habitat through fire, pastoral and
This species is found in areas of lowis by direct Annex III of the Bern Convention. Pérez-Mellado,to occurMarquez, Marc Cheyla
There appearin variousJose international legislation It is sometimes a number of protectedstone walls in cultivated
It to be no major threats Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano The subspecies
open, rocky to shrubland habitats. It is commonly associated with areas.
This species is common is protected by Antonioandthis species. and is present incontrolled as a pest in agricultural areas.
The threatsItsoil and canAnnexnot well known. It Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Yakup
is listed on be found hiding under is unlikely that there are major threats given scrubland,preferences
Petros II of the Bern Convention. It is listed under Annex grassland, Habitats and low It
This species burrows into this species areLymberakis, Varolstones. It occurs in open areas of IV of the EUits habitat Directive.ve
In Greece, In main threat salt marshes, Yalova Pilos protected area. In habitatitto developing the Burullus protected
recorded itWolfgang Böhme, is loss of sand maquis shrubland. Dinis present in tourism, and vegetatio
is to the in the Petros Lymberakis, breeding Egypt
This species has been theGreecefrom presentspeciessand dunes anddune Sherif Baha El Animals are found climbing inillegal co
It is locally dry, listed areas, scrubland, Bern Convention, and is vineyards, olive groves, generally overgrown area
It is stony in parts Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic to agricultural intensification, fire and pollution. However, in
Petros of it range by habitat loss
This species occurs in threatenedon Annex III of themacchia, open woodland,present in many protected areas. No further conse
It is locally threatenedon Appendix and the Bern Convention and habitat IV of the EU HabitatsNettmann,(as L. viridis
It is listed by habitatPérez-Mellado, Marc Cheylan, Philippe Geniez, Hans Konradscrubland and forestsS
Valentin loss through the loss of areas Annex to vegetation within Directive Benedikt
It is found in grassy areas with scattered trees III of shrubs and dampsuitablewith dense intensive cultivation, overstocking of catt
Although in threats to Toubkral National mountains itEl cliffs, in El Mouden,on stone walls and in other rural habita
It occurs rocky species are poorly Slimani, is not believed to be Iñigo Martínez-Solano
this areas such Tahar in Morocco.
This species is foundtheclimbingin Philippe Geniez,asPark known,and Hassan scrubland, significantly threatened. In Menorca, it
There appear to be no variety of sparsely vegetated Mediterranean habitats. protected found Mohammed Mousa D
found in a major Lymberakis, areas Tok, Ishmail some persecution wherebyis mistakenly identified as
in some protected species. There is Ugurtas, It is It is often it national legislation in Israe
It is a fossorial species It is presentPetrosthreats to thisVarol in Turkey and Greece.Murat Sevinç, Ahmadin moist, sandy soils tha
Although the species bareaareas on some there appearislands. It is anathreats at species. On possible thatislands
Its range has restricted range the smaller to as there is Mediterranean Monk some small the po
effectively protected
It is found in bushy vegetation oris Petros Lymberakis ofon Piperi island, be no major egg-laying present. It isSeal (Monachus mo
There generallypresentAhmad variety of dry, arid this semi-arid habitats, often in rockyinthreatened by Murat Sevinç
It is appear in in ano major threats to It Disi, Yehudah Werner, In Egypt it Ishmail Populations are often
to be Mohammed Mousa is protected by national legislation Israel. In Egypt, there is a n
This is a diurnal species that is found many protected areas. and widespread species. Varol Tok, isareas. Ugurtas,overcollection
There appearis protected by Antonio Mateo species. and plantations and urban areas. is listed on Annex IV of the E
It to be no Jose international legislation
major threats to this Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
This species is found in rocky areas, stone walls, disturbed habitats,in some of protected areas. It It is not found in areas of fore
There are no found major threats to thisprotected It is oftenis listed occur be open ofspecies, rocky controlled in vin
This species occurs with sparse vegetation. It considered to in a pest the Bern Convention.
Paulo Sá-Sousa, species. areas.
This species is generally knownin arid areasin some Roberto Sindaco Itmay alsoon Appendix II woodland, and is and cultivated a
It is locally well as dry in is listed its Annex III of the Bern can mostly beCrnobrnja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes
This species parts of abundant vegetation. It Convention; prey populations corsa are listed on presentIV
Aram Agasyan, Aziz Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, Jelka found close to water bodies, and is Annex
It is found in humid as threatened areas with on range by water pollution impactingN.n cetti and N.n. (principally amphibians), dra
There are no is presentAhmad Mohammed areas. It is There is some local persecution in Israel. Thererocky and to
It major mountain areas in a wide species. Yehudah by national legislation of meadows, as a need st
in several widespread variety of habitats Werner, arid open Ishmail Ugurtas, is there is fo
This species is found in lowlandthreats to this protectedMousa Disi,protected including Varol Tok,areas,this species Murat Sevinç
Certain populations, such as the on Annex II of the Island, land be gardens. It lives inof Romano
This speciesrocky areas, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio the EC Habitats are confine
is listed one on Lampione Bern Convention and on Annex IV seabird colonies Directive.
This species is found in scrubland,Claudia Corti,traditionally cultivated mightand intrinsically threatened because theyin some pla
The threatsItareas ofin Joger, not known, T.,woodland, scrubland, thorn-cushion & Geniez, P.
occurs broad-leaved and pine Elin change of habitat can favour vegetation, meadows, pastures, op
Djurdjura Slimani, but Mouden,
This species is found into this species areU., National ParkanyAlgeria. H., Martinez-Solano, I.other species. It is presumably threa
can be found in humid Wolfgang Böhme,bushes, peopleto water or within forests. Irregularly feeds on forest habitatai
Much of its areas with dense by local Lymberakis, Pierre-André is some
range is within a Petros close and tourists, and through ongoing logging of amphibians,
This snake It is generally threatened by persecutionState Forest protected area. There Crochet public education through a loca
It found in shaded to semi-shaded range of habitat loss resulting from species range includes a few land. It is genera
It is protected by international and national legislation. The fires, the edges of cultivated protected inten
parts of its areas Petros woodland,
It is generally may be threatened inWolfgang Böhme, by openLymberakis hedges and on general deforestation, agricultural areas
This species is species isin openin partsof steppe, Bern Convention, and field edges, olive groves, traditionallyHabit
species found listed Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, of intensification Murat Sevin
Wolfgang areas of of the grassland, meadows, on agricultural the Ugurtas, Union cultiv
It is a largely terrestrial Thislocally threatenedon Annex IIits range by habitat loss through Annex IVIshmailEuropean and pollution
This species is in scrubland, macchia, karst ofis Lymberakis, Rastkoand is Varol is threatened of the EUparts of its
This speciesfor the pet trade which the major Convention Ajtic, listed onedges, vineyards, Murat Sevin
is listed Böhme, Petros a Bern threat in marshes, stream Annex IV in some Habitats Di
This species is often found popularWolfgang on Annex II habitats, field edges, some areas. It Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas,olive groves,r
There appear to species is a Mediterraneanspecies. It is Convention, and on Annex IVIshmailEuropean Murat Sevin
This be no Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, of thethrough by Union Habit
major threats to this of the Bern found on Romania are threatened Ugurtas, loss of step
This species is found in dry areas with listed on Annex IIclimate. Populations inor in bushy areas, sand dunes, boundary walls, o
There appear to species is listed on rocks, in of the Bernareas, on stone introduction ofoutcrops in alpine meadows
This be in Jose Antonio Mateo species. Habitat loss M. the Nouira, Ulrich competitors or predators ar
major threats to this Miras, Marc Convention, and it is on rock to be Paulo Sá-Sousa, pr
This species is generally found noclimbing over Annex III overgrownCheylan, andSaïdwalls,presumedJoger, present in several Va
The conversion of traditionally farmed hillsides. the intensively cultivated andClaudia IV on Sterijovski Bogoljub, Alex
This species is listed on Jelka II of Upland subspecies Vogrin, grazed Corti,has caused significant dec
meadows and meadows to Bern Convention, and on Annex land well drained Union Habit
It is primarily associated with open Ulrich Joger, AnnexCrnobrnja Isailovic, Milanare generally found of the European rocky hillside
There appear to species is protected Mateo species. legislation and areas, in a Martínez-Solano
This be no Jose Antonio to this Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, lava fields, of protected areas. It is liste
major threats by international
This species is found in most habitats within its range. It lives in stony and rockyoccurs Iñigonumberstone walls, dunes, salt flats
only found in occurs in undisturbed protected areas. ItIñigo Martínez-Solano methods, afforestation 3-5 eggs e
It relatively Ulrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa, is listed temperate forests and scrublands. It lays
a loss, largely through the intensification of agricultural
It is founds It is threatened by habitatnumber of habitats such as evergreen on Appendix III of the Bern Convention.with pine plan
Page 13
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
It is locally threatened byis listed onby being Convention. ItPérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
This species predation the Bern only Valentin occurs in densely wooded areas. It can
Jose Antonio Mateo
It is found in most coastal, arid and moist habitats,cats. Miras, largely absent from a number of protected areas. be found in urb
In general thereprotected of national legislation, It Valentin recorded introduced populationareas. Subspecies laurae
It is are no Jose dry, open habitats. and asis presentThe number of protected of Gran sparse is declin
major threats to this species it a whole. in a from Iñigo Martínez-Solano
This species is found in a wide range by Antonio Mateo Miras,has beenPérez-Mellado, coastal sandy areas with Canariavegetati
This species is species is a wide variety of habitatsBern habitat Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, scrubland, hedgerows, o
recorded from listed in parts of Avisi, Boris Convention, and on from humid Petro Lymberakis, urban
Aram Agasyan, Aziz of the including grassland, meadows, IV of the European Union Habit
This species has been Thislocally threatenedon Annex IIits range byTuniyev,loss resultingAnnexagricultural intensification, Claes
dry locally threatenedon Annex II grovesBern Convention. Its range includes several protected areas.
It is listed by habitat Böhme, Petros Lymberakis
Wolfgang of the and fire, and by traditionally
It occurs in It is scrubland, rocky areas, olive loss throughvineyards, inurbanization.cultivated areas and in old buildings. The fem
Although in species andBades Reserve in with a sloping gradient. Animals can beGeniez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
It is present in arid rockyto be Slimani, El Hassan it Mouden, Philippe by habitat loss stones and she
not believed areas, Morocco.
This species is foundthesemi-aridisUlrich Joger, Taharglobally threatened, Elis locally threatenedfound in piles ofcaused by ongo
in a wide populations Jelka CrnobrnjaopenbeenMilan and shrubland, hedgerows,many edges, heathland, moors, gr
This species is listed on Annex woodland Vogrin,fragmented by Paulofield protected agricultural Juan
of this species Isailovic, significantly Claudia occurs in Sá-Sousa, of areas throughout
It is presentIn Europe,variety of habitats including, haveIII of the Bern Convention. ItCorti, the intensification Marc Cheylan,metho
PopulationsPopulationsClaudiaCorsica are Cheylan, Roberto the threats and vegetated islets). It Haffnerfound in ope
in the lowlands of Corti, Marc more sensitive to Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Patrick is also
in living on cliffs and open rocky areas of the genetic isolation of are strictly protected. This
This is typically a rock dwelling lizard, Sardinia may be vulnerable because (e.g. sparsely populations many populations. Populat
Although this species varietyAntonio Mateo Miras, in impacted byshrubland,by a Martínez-Solano
in a wide is is protected abundant, it is legislation. is occurs in feral cats of protected species
Jose of habitats. It occurs Valentin Pérez-Mellado, rocky humid gorges.
This species is presentThis species generally stillby internationalopen areas,Itpredation Iñigo number and rats.Theareas. is abs
It is mainly threatenedwoodland edges, Isailovic,woodland, rocky overgrown protected traditionally cultivated land. P
It close to by habitat of the in open Rastko Atjic, Milanin some Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez range. f
Jelka Crnobrnja Bern Convention. occurs Vogrin, areas and infrastructure development
It is found in hedgerows, is listed on Annex II loss due to intensificationItof agricultural practicesandareas throughout itsMellado, A
There are no habitats and steppe which has semi-desert a whole. is generally found Nilson suggest that the popul
The species is to this in many protected areas. Szczerbak population at the type locality are covered w
Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Theodore The and Golubev (1996),
It is found in semi-desert major threatspresentwidespread species as areas. It Papenfuss, Göran on slopes, whichof this species
There are no species. It Annex III very adaptable species. Animals are Crnobrnja Isailovic, Petroin tourist Further tax
It major threats toAgasyan, Aziz Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, present coastal areas, cliffs, caves, on resorts, an
Aram this of the Bern rocky areas, salt Jelka occasionally persecuted Lymberakis, Claes
It is extremely adaptable is listed on is found in shrubland,Convention and ismarshes,in a number of protected areas. stone walls
Developmentoccurs in Philippe Geniez, Jose Antonio Spain and areUlrich Joger, Juan pine and Eucalyptus plantatio
It of in sandy areas, overgrown dunes in Mateo Miras,the vegetation and Pleguezuelos, possibly threa
Chafarine tourism and military purposes in major threats to this and Embouchure Slimani
This coastal species occurs coastal areas for Hunting Reserve with Mediterranean Sebkha Bou Areg species. It isTaharMoulouy
In general found in vegetatedthreats such IIspecies. A number of islet populations andthreatened by public educatio
This are no Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
major areas, to this cultivated Convention and on Appendix of CITES. A disturbance It
This species is largelythere species is listed on Annex asof the Bernland and gardens, close to are IIaround human habitation. by
It threatened by meadows, grassland, pastureland, open shrubland, hedges and abandonment of traditional mea
It is listed on the Bern Convention andSá-Sousa, with pine trees and the open abandoned cultivated land
Juan Pleguezuelos, Paulo it occurs many protected areas.
This species is found in sunnyintensification of agriculture, afforestationinValentin Pérez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheyla
This species is possibly is listed on Appendix IIIMarc habitatConvention. It does notspecimens, valleys. It is an egg
This species in alpine regions. It is generally associated Martínez-Solano
Valentin Pérez-Mellado, of the Bern by cattle, collection of occur in any protected areas.
This species is found in rocky areasthreatened by overgrazing of Cheylan, Iñigo with south-facing, glaciatedand is inferred to be
It is threatened by islands on dry,of the Bern Conventiontraditionally Andrén land, inlegislation. The entire roads a
It is listed on collection sunny Petros and in and Claes cultivated
Wolfgang of animals, direct persecution when encountered, densely mortality areas clos
It can be found throughout theillegal Annex II Böhme,hillsidesLymberakis, is protected by nationalaccidentalvegetated on island o
The species is not threatened as a Appendix insularRoberto woodland, field edges, sandy coastal places of preda
This scrubland, maquis, rocky areas, thepopulations are Antonio Romano the EU Habitats Directive a
Marc Cheylan, Claudia Corti, Bern Convention and Annex IV of
This species is found in aridspecies is listed onwhole, but II ofscree, openSindaco,potentially threatened by introduction with veg
This large from species has been recorded Tuniyev, Dan foothillsspecies is heavily persecuted in Cyprus,very prote
This semi-arid stony slopes, throughout its range. The in Jordan, Lebanon, CyprusfoundTurkey. principal
Aram Agasyan, rocky ravines, dry areas and mountain valleys. It is and in the It Nikola
This species is knownviper is generally persecutedBorisfrom protectedCogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, is diver
It is locally This vegetated listed on It occurs Corti,on roads, Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, EUand mixed), Juan P
well species high accidental mortality Bern Convention, and woodland IV of the Marc Cheylan, heathla
Milan Vogrin, Claudia in scrubland, especially close Annex (deciduous Habitats this is not
It is found in dry, open,threatened byis habitats. Annex II of the Valentinmacchia, open on to urban or tourist areas, but Directive.
The threatsIt though not exist not well known, but Ulrich is covered by range. rocks Tahar Slimani, Iñigoconversion
to known to always found in moist soil thatthroughout bestones,
Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, it is Joger, Juan impacted in and of its range by Martínez-S
This species is generally,isthis species are in several national parkspresumed toitsPleguezuelos,parts other ground cover. It can
The main threat is fragmentation of populations due to climatic areas with well-formed soil. loss of soil due to erosi
It occurs in someAntonio areas. It is
and rocky Mateo Miras, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
It lives in fields, orchards, gardens Joseinprotected areas. usually found in changes (increasing aridity),The females give birth t
There appearhas a no Petrosthreats to this speciesprotected areas. Other than general be found within rural areas
It in been major Lymberakis
recorded from a number of as a whole.
This species is distributedto berange of rocky habitats, Mediterranean shrubby vegetation, and mayresearch, no direct conserva
Wildfire close tospecies is listed on Annex threat Lymberakis
This water Wolfgang can be aareas, to Bern Convention. Its It is not known a few be found in shaded pa
sources, Böhme, II of the the species' habitat. range Animals be protected areas.
It is generally found and human-caused firesor humid Petros in upland and coastal regions.includes tomayin the pet trade. Plantin
This species is threatened by deserts, in resulting fromdunes andagricultural expansion, theTuniyev, and Steven lo
The subspecies Eryx miliaris nogaijorum is Aram Agasyan, Nikolai Orlov, Sako abandonment tradition
Boris Tuniyev, Natalia Ananjeva, intensive semi-stabilized sand of taxa and population requ
This species is widely distributed in sandyhabitat loss shifting sand included into the " Annotated list dunes. It prefers relativelyAn
There areas of specieslocalized on scrubland. Island populations can occur Ajtic, Milan Vogrin, such as Böhme n
been somePetros Lymberakis, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, and is protected by national legislationbut dune
is listed declines II of the Bern caused by Rastko in for tourism developments, over a
It is found in rockyhaveThis Mediterranean type Annexof populations Conventionhabitat lossmore open areasWolfgangsand there
Numerous a wide range of arid habitat types, including Mediterranean shrubland, semi-desert andconversion.Natali
It is known Petroprotected areas in Tunisia, range from habitat loss its range. Further Wilkinson, There
are Lymberakis, Aram Agasyan, Boris Tuniyev, Dan Cogalniceanu, John rocky areas. Ani
This species occurs in subspecies fromdeclining across much of its Egypt and elsewhere in due to agriculturaltaxonomic studies
Although in species isPaulo Sá-Sousa,threatened overall, some Iñigoor It occurs be threatened by forest fires, con
This speciesnotlisted on Appendix III of scrubland (Taxus Martínez-Solano
is significantly Valentin Pérez-Mellado, populations may coastal protected areas.
This species is foundtheopen deciduous woodland and Atlanticthe Bern Convention. Erica), onin some sand dunes and in rural
It appears not to be associatedII of theAziz Avisi, Boris by loss or modification the surrounding in in number of cou
It is listed on Annex with rivers, coasts, streams, lakes, ponds and of Isailovic,habitats a parts of its ran
Aram Agasyan, It is Convention and is Jelka Crnobrnja wetland Petro Lymberakis, Claes
This is a largely aquatic speciesglobally threatened. Bernthreatened Tuniyev,protected by national legislationterrestrial habitat. Th
rocky habitats above the tree Arribas
in the vicinity of Teleno Annex II of the Bern Convention development of tourism, including the possible
Oscar line in oro-Mediterranean climatic zones. Animals are very abundant close the Lake o
It occurs in PopulationsThis species is listed on are potentially threatened by the (as part of I. monticola). It occurs in to glacial la
subterranean species is is toAgasyan, AzizIII of sparsely vegetated, open region.Isailovic, found Lymberakis, Claes
This species associated with moist, the Bern Convention. It is found inis often Petro in grassy areas. It
Aram this species Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja a number of Egypt it threaten
This largelyThere are no major threats listed on Annexover most of the Mediterraneanareas. It In Albania andprotectedisfields an
The major threat open meadows and hillsides. Upland of Turiyev are generally need on well-drained rocky meado
There are protected areas conversion of traditionally farmed meadows to intensively the specific hillside
species is the within the range subspecies
It is primarily associated with to thisGöran Nilson, Claus Andrén, Boristhis species. There is a found to protectcultivated and graz
The main threatlisted inMilan and rocky areas such as boulder fields thatIV species. There appear to be Roberto also
It is is the vulnerability II Wolfgang Böhme, populations Crochet, Hans Konrad Nettmann, noItLacerta
Appendix of the many Convention and Annex are the EU Habitats vegetation. can Sin
This species is most often found oncliffs Vogrin, of the Bernisolated Pierre-Andréof this of generally poor in Directive (as active th
The major small to thisJose Antonio Mateo has feral developed, andbelieved to Martínez-Solano
A recovery of cliff with predationMiras, Valentinspecies is captive-breeding and occurred throughout mu
species is species by been The Pérez-Mellado, by dogs and rats. A remnant programm
It is now confined to a threat areas plan for thissparse vegetation.cats, and possibly alsoIñigo have once reintroductionpopulation
There appeariswide no from a habitats. of protected open species. sandy or stony soil with sparse grass or bushy Mou
It known Wolfgang Böhme, Jose in areas throughout its range. Research into the range and collectio
major number this widespread areas Miras, Ulrich Joger, Tahar Slimani, El Hassan El veg
This species is found in a to be variety of threats toIt occursAntonio Mateo of Populations may be locally impacted by conversion
The habitat This rocky Valentinin or close todeforestation,is often found in shady places, and is
of this species protected by by woodland. It development some protected erosion of stream banks,
places, Pérez-Mellado, legislation. It occurs in of forestry tracks,
It is a generally a species of species is is threatenednationalRafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano areas. regularly encountere
It threatened in partsJose range by aquatic pollution, Cheylan, throughNouira, Ulrich Joger, Paulo arefishes). It i
This species isits or within, waterbodies Bern as streams and is protected by national (e.g.. in in Swit
of listed on Mateo Miras, Marc Convention, and the loss of these habitats Sá-Sousa, Va
This species is generally found close to,AntonioAnnex III of the suchespeciallyM. Saïdponds. Oftenprey specieslegislationmeadow
There are overall no major threats to this species. Boris Tuniyev, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalnicean
In view of its wideAgasyan, Aziz Avisi, On Lampedusa Island (Italy) areas. stabilized sand dunes coasta
Aram range it is presumably present in many protected populations are into commercial ha
This species is found in arid open woodlands, scrubland with low cover, dry steppe, open spaces, Researchheavily impacted by
It appears to bespecies range scrubland, few protected(both
The a meadows, includes a open forestsis areas.
Wolfgang Böhme, Petros but generally killed when it is encountered. Human-caused fires
It occurs in humid areas withinreasonably adaptable species,Lymberakisdeciduous and coniferous), hedgerows and wooded str
Its speciesItfound highly fragmented and damp, rocky habitats. The Martínez-Solano
occurs in Valentintree line in are threatened by Iñigo females lay a clutch of three to ten eggs ski re
the the Pérez-Mellado, Marc Cheylan,
It is a montanepopulations are close to Sierra de Gredos Natural Park. habitat loss, especially due to the construction of once o
This species is threatened listed on scrubland, open woodlands, closed and is protectedlesser degree loss walls. pa
This rocky Claudia Corti, habitat through agricultural intensification, and to by national stone of habita
areas, open Juan Pleguezuelos, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan,
This species is found in dry,species is by loss ofAppendix III of the Bern Conventionforest, hedges,apastures and legislation in ItP
It locally This species isareas but Annex II of of BernTuniyev, habitats. It Montenegro,European Romania habitat
threatened Aram Agasyan, Aziz opportunistic Convention,Serbia, canIVIsailovic,in dry, Lymberakis,and an
by listed on can be Avisi, Boris in (e.g., in on Annex of the Petro often rocky Claes
This species is associated with rocky overcollection in partsthe its rangeother Jelka Crnobrnjabe found Bulgaria, Union Habitat iso
coastal sand dunes, pine and oakoccurs and number of
The species probably forest in
Iñigo Martínez-Solano
It occurs in No major threats to this species are known.a shrubland. protected areas. It is listed on Appendix III of the Bern Conv
is locally largely found parts Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, areas.Tok, protected by national legislationYehudah We
This species in mountainous areas where by intensive habitat loss. Ugurtas, wooded ravines, Israel. It i
Souad of Lebanon and of protected Varol It is rocky In Turkey this species threatened
This diurnalItspecies is threatened in is present in a numberTurkey it occurs on open,Ishmailslopes, in Murat Sevinç,isin wet valley
The main rugged terrain,control is predation Miras, some found remaining degree,Martínez-Solano
Measures to with rocks Mateo by to Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo by rats. It is presumedhave the spe
species access boulders, often and, on lesser populations, such as fencing, that been im
This species inhabits threat to this Jose Antonio andby catsferal cats of theto a small rock ledges with sparse vegetation. The his
It is threatened listed loss of Crnobrnja Berndue to logging, species within open woodland and sites with a rich v
It is rocky, montane areas habitat Convention and Milan Vogrin by national areas. Collection of animals
Jelka suitable of exposed karst. Ajtic, is protected
It is largely found in humid, by theon Annex III of theIsailovic, Rastko The includinginhabitsprotected legislation in some range cou
Although the is presentClaudia Corti, Valentin Pérez threatened, it populations Sherif Baha El plantations, cultivated
It deciduous and evergreen be globally Mellado, sandy locally threatened by habitat degradation, inclu
in few protected areas. On Lampedusa, is areas, oasis, meadows, Din, Iñigo Martínez-S
It is found in open, sandyspecies doesanot appear towoodland, scrubland,Philippe Geniez, of this species require some protectio
It lowland parts Caucasian number of G. h. caucasicus Aramincluded into the inOrlov, their habitat by Steven Ander
recorded species range populations may be was Agasyan, found Red of Sako mountain domestic lives
Boris Tuniyev, Natalia Ananjeva, threatened by Nikolai scrubland, Tuniyev, and hill habita
This species has been The of thefrom asubspecies habitats. Populations have beenovergrazingData Book of Turkmenistan (198
This species is sensitive to habitat alteration. Populations Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo protected areas. There ha
This bushy Paulo Sá-Sousa, Rafael Marquez, in the south of Spain are threatened by habitat along riv
areas of on Annex woodland edges, open woodland (deciduous, mixed and pine),
This species lives in humid, species is listedshrubland, II of the Bern Convention. It occurs in severalMartínez-Solano loss, large
In Spain it is locally threatened by habitat woodlands, dry Convention and Corti, Roberto Sindaco, (Susareas. It is
This species is listed on Annex II of the Bern hedgerows, grassland, rocky areas,protected and plantatio
Paulo Sá-Sousa, loss through fire and perhaps disturbance by wild orchards scrofa).
This species is found in a variety of scrubland, open Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Claudia is present in manyboars Antonio Romano,
There appear to species is listed on Annexovergrown areas. Some distinct island populations may be Roberto Sinda
This be no Rastko Ajtic, Wolfgang the Bern Convention foundJelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic, walls. The by
major threats and species overall. It Lymberakis, on cliffs, the EC Habitats Directive. fem
It is found in dry open woodland, scrub, pasturesto this II ofBöhme, Petros can beand Annex IV ofrocks and stonethreatened It is
There appear wide variety of threats toItinternational Some Pérez-Mellado, occurred through the areas.
This be no Jose Antonio bythis species. legislation. It scrubland, stone wallsprotected
major habitats. is Miras, in rocky areas, loss has a number of in agricultural areas of it
This species is found in a to species is protected MateopresentValentin habitat occurs inIñigo Martínez-Solanodevelopmentandto
Local populations might the affected Mateoareas, on stone walls, M. tooverallin several protectedsignificantly threate
Its listing onJoseBern convention is unknown. It is known Saïd Nouira, species is meadows, in bushy Va
be in overgrown Miras, for agriculture, but exist this in alpine not areas.
It is generally found climbing over rocks,Antonio by habitat lossMarc Cheylan, on rock outcropsUlrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa,veg
Page 14
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
This speciesis threatened by Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol rangeIV of the farmers in Turkey), and loss of habitatw
listed on Annex II of the Bern Convention. In It Tok, (e.g., the open parts Directive.Pierre-André in
Petros dry or xerophytic in parts of its is found on Ugurtas, Murat stony It is present Cro
In general, this speciesIt isassociated withdirect persecution landscapes. Annex Ishmailby EU Habitats ofSevinç,semi-desert andm
Habitat lossItand areas,aand from urbanization and It is protected under Appendix II threats.
occurs in Petros Lymberakis
number of protected
It occupies shrubland, rocky degradationdry river beds. areas.tourist development are the main of Bern and Annex IV of the E
is threatened listed onof its Agasyan,ameadows, Boris Tuniyev, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, areasLymberakis, its ran
It is can be found in grassy the Avisi,Convention glades, heathland, at intensification throughout Claes
Appendix by general woodland and occurs in many the forest edge, in forest clearing
PopulationsItof this species in partsAram rangeIII ofAziz Bern loss of habitat due to agricultural protectedPetroand urbanization, fi
The main threat to the species ishabitats. The species can be found it forested Romanoprotected richagricultural int
Mediterranean-typeCorti, Marc Cheylan, legislation and in Antonio several threatened by vegetation, s
Claudia forest international fires. This species may in locally
It is found in a range ofThis species is protected by and macchiaRoberto Sindaco,occurs beareas, places withareas.
The species is not areasis listed on threatened over muchItof its range, number of protected areas. to streams, agr
This species with to be Mateo Miras, Marc Cheylan, grassland, meadows, areas close
Jose Antonio vegetation. Habitats occurs in a but habitat loss Joger, intensification of Va
This species is found in sunny considered densethe Bern Convention. include, M. Saïd Nouira, Ulrichthrough Paulo Sá-Sousa,hed
This species is listed on restrictedof the Bern Convention. Its range includes systems and damp marshy coastal are
areas very Annex II range. It was open scrubland, sand dune of animals in the past covering no or
Petros Lymberakis
It can be found in openIt has aof traditionally cultivated land,threatened by overcollection a few protected areas but this ispart lon
adaptable This species is listed on the Berne Convention. It sandy, open areas or places overgrazing and intensif
species threats toLymberakis, Aram Agasyan, Boris Tuniyev, number of protectedJohn Wilkinson, Natali
Petro this species. with arid to moist may be a Dan Cogalniceanu, areas. Research fo
It is a highlyThere are no major that is often associated Some populationsoccurs inlocally threatened bywith sparse scrub. It is ne
species is often encountered this species as inwhole. ItTuniyev, Petro is included inClaes Andrén, Books of the a be
It major in Aram in rocky Aziz Avisi, Boris is its range. shrubby vegetation.Red Data Dan Cogalnicean
several protected areas Mediterranean-type It Lymberakis, the These open areas at Ukr
This diurnalThere are no occursthreats toAgasyan, slopes a throughout generally persecuted throughout its range but nothave lev
This species appears to be declining in Aziz Avisi, Boris its AnnexJelkathe Bern the clay and Petro Lymberakis, Claes
This species open dry Appendix II of CITES, range, II of Crnobrnja west. It stony soils, and intensific
Aram Agasyan, various semi-deserts. It especially in Convention, susceptible to is more
This species can be found inhabitingis listed onsteppes and parts of Tuniyev, appears to preferIsailovic, isand on Annex IV of the
It preyed Itrocky areas, often mammal Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Valentin in Erinaceus europaeus, the Ilhas Selva
is protected by internationalspecies It is asoccurs in hedgehogs houses. This species but this from
Paulo Sá-Sousa, legislation and sometimes found Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
This species is found inupon by introduced near to the coast. suchalsocats and several protected areas, including is absentis not
There are no major threats to thisBöhme, protectedstony places. Populations in the scrubland, under the It has are t
This species the ground in dry,over mostareas.range. It can be found inMohammed Mousa Disi, Yehuda
Wolfgang several rocky or of its It Rastko Ajtic, Ahmad legislation in of the bark been
This species is found climbing or on occurs in speciesPetros Lymberakis, is protected by nationalsouthern part Israel. rangeof old
There appear a wide variety of habitats,this Miras,open areas, shrubland, cultivated and urban areas. It is less comm
in to be no Jose international legislation,
major threats to including Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Iñigo
The species is present It is protected by Antonio Mateo species. and occurs in a number of protected areas. Martínez-Solano
crepuscular and nocturnal species (1996), inAnanjeva, Aram species and stable numbers of this species Steven An
Szczerbak Boris Tuniyev, Nataliatorocky areas, on Agasyan, and outcrops, among ruins and indicate th
current major found this adaptable cliff faces a whole.
This largelyThere appear to be no and Golubev isthreatsreport that the wide range asNikolai Orlov, Sako Tuniyev,and in buildings
This species is species is listed by the loss of the Bern Mediterranean-type scrub. many be foundurbanization of
This loose soil, especially those Paulo Sá-Sousa, intensive It is presentand Rafael Marquez, coastal dune
Juan Pleguezuelos, with a sparse to Valentin agriculture in can and the areas. Cheyla
It is found in areas of open,locally threatenedon Annex III of scrublandConvention. Pérez-Mellado,Itfires, protectedin Marc It has bc
The main threats habitats introduction thealien of the Bern Convention. It is shrublands. It stochastic though the th
This are the present on Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio is an egg-laying species.
Claudia Corti, of volcanic islands: rocks, competitor P. any protected areas,
The species lives in suitablespecies is listed on Annex III species (mostly themacchia, not insiculus), Romano events due toare
Mediterranean scrubbyJose Antonio middle-elevationHassan El forests. extraction. It is also harvested for local use
It has been recorded in the Reserve de Grouka in Morocco. is an egg-laying species.
habitats habitat destruction mountain Mouden,
It occurs in The main threat to the species isand Mateo Miras, El as a result of wood It Juan Pleguezuelos, Tahar Slimani, Iñigo M
It is threatened by accidental Agasyan,on andConvention and areas where the species isthePetro Lymberakis,thicket
It is listed on Annex II of theAziz Avisi, Boris Tuniyev,included in forested of relatively common. ItClaes
Aram mortality Bern coniferous), in Is Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, EU Habitat and is Th
It is found in dry, open woodlands (deciduous, mixed roads, especially woodland edges,Annex IV ravines, scrublandDirective.als
There appear to be no Aram Agasyan, Aziz species as a whole. ItJelka Crnobrnja Isailovic,national legislation in Israe
This well vegetated on Appendix II ofBoris traditionally cultivated areas and Jordan human southern p
major threats to this Avisi, the Tuniyev, is locally threatened by Petro Lymberakis, Claes
This species is found in dry,species is listedrocky slopes, marquis,Bern Convention. It is protected inclose to and the settlements
It might have been traded in the rocky but thison cliffs and also Milan Vogrinin towns and villages. The females lay c
It generally Jelka Crnobrnja Bern is Rastko Attic, is protected in A dam might be built that legislation.
found in past, areas, Convention and on buildings
It is a sun-loving species is listed on Annex III of theIsailovic,not occurring much anymore.some countries by nationalwould affec
This species is threatenedprotected fires Petrosareas (including coastal sites), traditionally cultivatedreasons fororc
It presentWolfgang Böhme, rocky of its range. Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat the areas and thi
in by forest areas parts Turkey and Greece.
This species is found in Mediterranean-type habitats,inin bothLymberakis, It is declining on Rhodes, althoughSevinç, Pierre-And
It is also locally threatened listed on Annex Miras, on roads, occasional a is presumed toJoger, Paulo rocky poisonin
This snakeJose Antonio vertical substrates, Convention, in persecution, and also by and Sá-Sousa, Va
is by accidental mortality Bern and occurs and Nouira, Ulrich occur in a number of prote
This slender bodies colubridspeciesis adapted toMateo II of theMarc Cheylan, M. Saïdwide variety of arid, dry accidental habitats
It persecuted listed onof rocks in shrubby landscapes. It canon Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Petro locallyIt is protecte
It is in partsAram range through confusion with viper Annex IV of in open Habitats Directive. threatened
Annex II of the Bern Convention and also be found the of or degraded woodland, Claes
This species is mostly found amongst its Agasyan, Aziz Avisi, Boris Tuniyev, species. In partsEU its range it isLymberakis,among
This species is threatenedthe coastal urbanization, area in southern Lebanon (although it to disturbed by can be at
It presentSouad Tyr Beach protected including the development Petros Lymberakis, is also threaten
in by Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Acanthodactylus) or light soil close is the dunes. It Tok, Ishm
It is found on coastal sand dunes (where there are no competingSadek, Yehudah Werner,of tourism facilities. ItVaroltourism fout
The southern populations are oakpopulations are Pérez-Mellado, in sand dunes. ItDoñana National egg clutches a
Many it thePaulo almost certainly at protected (including Martínez-Solano
southern forest. At sea-level it lives only change. Coto habitat to to touristic developm
In Spain and central Portugalof occurs in Sá-Sousa, Valentin risk from climateIñigoin theLoss oflays oneduethreePark). In centraly
It species foundlisted by lossVogrin,in dry habitats. Valentin Pérezthe developmentSá-Sousa,facilities, agricultural in
It is climbing in bushes the through urbanization shrubland, plantations, open pine woodland, protect th
Milan of of Claudia Convention and on Mellado, Paulo of tourist is a Cheylan, Juan P
It is a diurnal is threatened locallyon Annex IIhabitat Bern Corti, It inhabits andAppendix II of CITES. ThereMarcneed to orchards
PopulationsThis species is SouthernAnnex III(including Tuniyev, JelkaIt is presentIsailovic, byglades withinand degr
in species Aram found clearings with lush vegetation, traditional meadows and habitat in Serbia and
often Agasyan, Aziz of the Bern Convention. Crnobrnja in protected areas loss open bro
This is a largely terrestrial Central and listed oninEuropeAvisi, Boris Thrace) are significantly threatenedPetro Lymberakis, Claes
It threatened by forest fires inwoodland and Mediterranean forest. Wolfgang occur in in protected Crochet,has been
Its areas in Varol several protected areas in Sevinç, It probably occurs degraded forest that Yakup
open parts of Turkey.
It is associated with rocky range includesTok, Ishmail Ugurtas, MuratTurkey andcan alsoBöhme, Pierre-André areas in Greece.K
nocturnal species is generally foundthreatened by habitat loss resulting and Annex IV urbanization. The Directive. p
and species it is locally in rocky II of the Bern cliffs, boulders fires and walls in agricultural land. to
Claudia Corti, Marc Cheylan, Philippe Geniez, Roberto Sindaco, the EU Habitats
This strictly On Corsica This Sardinia is listed on Appendixareas, such asConvention fromand stone ofAntonio Romanothreats It la
In Romania, the species is threatened open species outside of Europe, it sand Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva,inacros
In generally wide in dry, Borisareas withDan Cogalniceanu, John in numerous It is also found Nikola
Aram Agasyan, this Tuniyev, some sparse herbaceous vegetation. protected areas stepp
It is a diurnal species thatview of theoccursrange ofby habitat loss and degradation dooccursdunes by reforestation, increased to
In view in open,species with Slimani, Jose of suitable vegetation.occurs alsoto be no major Mouden, this woodla
This range is protected with some sparse habitat, there can in a number of protected to Philippe Geni
sandy areas, by international legislation. It It appear occur in rockier habitats, open
It is generally foundof its wideloose Tahar large amountsAntonio Mateo Miras, Ulrich Joger, El Hassan Elthreatsareas. species.
Page 15
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Robert Jehle, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Rafael Marquez, Pa
Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Roberta Lecis, Paul Edgar, Benedikt Schmidt, Claudia Corti
Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Wiesiek Babik, Dan Cogalniceanu
Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Pierre-André Crochet
, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Rafael Marquez, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Valentin Pere
z-Solano, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Tahar Slimani , El Hassan El Mouden, Tahar Slimani, Philippe Geniez, Ulrich Joger
o, Tatjana Dujsebayeva, Boris Tuniyev, Theodore Papenfuss, Trevor Beebee, Ismail Ugurtas, Max Sparreboom, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyan
, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Valentin Perez-Mellado, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Marc
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
fuss, Max Sparreboom, Sergius Kuzmin, Steven Anderson, Mathieu Denoël
o, Boris Tuniyev, Trevor Beebee, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Wiesiek Babik, Milan Vogri
Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
or Beebee, Benedikt Schmidt, Miguel Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
indaco, Antonio Romano
Hedges, Rafael Joglar, Sixto Inchaustegui, Lue Kuangyang, Chou Wenhao, Gu Huiqing, Shi Haitao, Arvin Diesmos, Djoko Iskandar, Peter Pa
indaco, Antonio Romano
, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Valentin Perez-Mellado, Rafae
enoël, Benedikt Schmidt, David Tarkhnishvili, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Per Nyström, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Jaime
anco Andreone, Milan Vogrin, Paul Edgar, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko Ajtic, Claudia Corti
nishvili, Boris Tuniyev, Max Sparreboom, Ismail Ugurtas, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Steven Anderson, Riyad Sadek, Souad Hraoui-Bloque
anco Andreone, Jaime Bosch, Miguel Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero
ylan, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
anco Andreone, Claudia Corti
Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Tahar Slimani , El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, Tahar Slimani, Ulrich Joger, She
vor Beebee, Franco Andreone, Per Nyström, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Jaime Bosch,
dia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Robert Jehle, Franco Andreone, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Wiesiek Babik, Robert Schabetsberger, Milan Vogrin, Miklós Puky, Pe
David Donaire-Barroso, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Tahar Slimani , El
n, Antonio Romano, Roberto Sindaco
Nyström, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács, István Kiss, Mik
nio Romano, Filippo Giachi, Stefano Vanni, Giovanni Delfino
, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Jan Willem Arntzen, Rafael Marquez, Carmen Diaz Pan
a Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu, Varol Tok, Ismail H. Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Theodore Papenfuss, M
e Miaud, Miguel Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Paulo Sa-Sousa,
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
lka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov,
oberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Claude Miaud, Marc Cheylan, Claudia Corti, Philippe Geniez
uel Tejedo, Paul Edgar, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Paulo Sa-Sousa,
hieu Denoël, Brandon Anthony, Claude Miaud, Wiesiek Babik, Milan Vogrin, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Natalia Ananjeva, Niko
Trent Garner, Benedikt Schmidt, Claudia Corti, Milan Vogrin
Page 16
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
Vladimir Ishchenko, Pedro Beja, Franco Andreone, Robert Jehle, Per Nyström, Claude Miaud, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszk
nez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Rafael Marquez, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Philippe Geniez
gurtas, David Tarkhnishvili, Steven Anderson, Franco Andreone, Claudia Corti, Per Nyström, Benedikt Schmidt, Brandon Anthony, Agnieszk
Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
z-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Trevor Beebee
edikt Schmidt, Paul Edgar, Milan Vogrin, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko Ajtic, Claudia Corti, Idriz Haxhiu
d Degani, Ismail Ugurtas, Max Sparreboom, Steven Anderson, Riyad Sadek, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Avital Gasith, Eldad Elron, Sarig Gafny,
ndon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Vladimir Ishchenko, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev, Maria Ogiels
aud, Miguel Lizana, Paul Edgar, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Rafael Marquez, Philippe
heodore Papenfuss, Max Sparreboom, Ismail Ugurtas, Steven Anderson, Brandon Anthony, Franco Andreone, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir
Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
anco Andreone, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Milan Vogrin, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács, István Kiss, Mi
nez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Valentin Perez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez
nez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Jan Willem Arntzen, Rafael Marquez, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Richa
redo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil
osch, Miguel Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Paulo Sa-Sousa, Ra
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
a Corti, Philippe Geniez, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
min, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Boris Tuniyev, Max Sparreboom, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Ismail Ugurtas, Steven Anderso
ll, Alberto Veloso, Herman Núñez, Antonio Romano
, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sa
Milan Vogrin, Idriz Haxhiu, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Bosch, Claude Miaud, Miguel Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Rafa
alerio Sbordoni, Franco Andreone, Claudia Corti
tic, Milan Vogrin, Idriz Haxhiu
vor Beebee, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev, Mathieu Denoël, Per Nyström, Brandon
Tejedo, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Jan Willem Arntzen, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Ra
m, Ismail Ugurtas, Steven Anderson, Trevor Beebee, Mathieu Denoël, Franco Andreone, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Og
Donaire-Barroso, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Tahar Slimani, El Hassa
hieu Denoël, Benedikt Schmidt, Jaime Bosch, Claude Miaud, Miguel Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario G
o Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako T
ulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Sherif Baha El Din, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Riyad Sadek, Yehudah Werner, Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven Anderson
z Haxhiu, Jelka Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Roberto Sindaco
o Martínez-Solano
audia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Alexander Westerström, Cornelius C. De Haan, Va
alentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Az
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
evinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Göran Nilson, Steven Anderson,Claus Andrén
akis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U
ez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Page 17
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
o Martínez-Solano
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
akis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven Anderson ş
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven Anderson
il Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
n, Hans Konrad Nettmann, László Krecsák, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Benedikt Schmidt, Petros Lymberakis, Richard Podloucky, Roberto Sindac
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven Anderson
ellado, Rafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
alentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Petros Lymberakis
ra, Ulrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
ş
vinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Riyad Sadek, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Roberto Sindaco
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven Anderson
ellado, Rafael Marquez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
llado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Juan M. Pleguezuelos, Marc Cheylan
Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Pierre-André Crochet, Petros Lymberakis, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat
ellado, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan, Claudia Corti, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
ol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Idriz Haxhiu, Bogoljub Sterijovski, László Krecsák, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Ya
ğ
ş ğ
evinç, Göran Nilson, Ferdi Akarsu, U ur Kaya
hmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , U ur Kaya, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can
ellado, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan, Claudia Corti, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
ellado, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan, Philippe Geniez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
ş ğ
o Martínez-Solano
evinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , U ur Kaya, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
Hans Konrad Nettmann, Benedikt Schmidt, Richard Podloucky, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano ş
ñigo Martínez-Solano
evinç, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Yehudah Werner, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Na
ol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Petros Lymberakis, Pierre-André Crochet, Sherif Baha El Din, Ya
o Martínez-Solano
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
ol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Petros Lymberakis, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Pierre-André Crochet, Sherif Baha El Din, U
, Antonio Romano
I. & Geniez, P.
ol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Idriz Haxhiu, László Krecsák, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Lymberakis, Jelka Crnobrnj
ş
ol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Claudia Corti, Idriz Haxhiu, Roberto Sindaco, Aziz Avci, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailov
ol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Idriz Haxhiu, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Yusuf Kumluta , Na
ra, Ulrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
audia Corti, Sterijovski Bogoljub, Alexander Westerström, László Krecsák, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Ple
o Martínez-Solano
Page 18
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
o Martínez-Solano
o Martínez-Solano
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
ć
ppe Geniez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
aulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Ljiljana Tomovi , Bogoljub Sterijovski, Ulrich Joger, A. Westerström, B. Borczyk, Benedik
Romano, Patrick Haffner
o Martínez-Solano
audia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Petros Lymberakis, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Rom
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
r, Juan Pleguezuelos, Tahar Slimani, El Hassan El Mouden, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
ellado, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Souad Hraoui-
ulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Andreas Meyer, Benedikt Schmidt, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Iñigo Martínez-Sol
elos, Tahar Slimani, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
o Martínez-Solano
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven Anderson
tic, Milan Vogrin, Wolfgang Böhme
Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Philippe Geniez, Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Wolfgang Böhme, Souad Hraoui
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
Hans Konrad Nettmann, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
o Martínez-Solano
ger, Tahar Slimani, El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, S, Hraoui-Bloquet, M. Saïd Nouira, Sherif Baha El Din, Petros Lymberakis, Yakup
ra, Ulrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Benedikt Schmidt, Andreas Meyer, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Iñigo Mar
akis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U
do, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan, Philippe Geniez, Ulrich Joger, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Benedikt Schmidt, Andreas Meyer, Roberto Sind
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Yehudah Werner, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Göran Nilson, Boris Turiyev, Ferdi Akarsu
o Martínez-Solano
Sherif Baha El Din, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, Steven Anderson, Göran Nilson
do, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
a Crnobrnja-Isailovic, Roberto Sindaco
o Martínez-Solano
ra, Ulrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Page 19
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
urtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Idriz Haxhiu, Wolfgang Böh
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
ra, Ulrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Tahar Slimani, Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Ulrich Joger, El Hassan El Mouden
akis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
érez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
mad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Yehudah Werner, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Pierre-André
lo Sá-Sousa, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Orlov, Sako Tuniyev, and Steven Anderson
ellado, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
, Antonio Romano
Pleguezuelos, Tahar Slimani, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson,ğ
ş Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
il Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , U ur Kaya, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Aka
ra, Ulrich Joger, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Iñigo Martínez-Solano, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano
ş ğ
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
Petros Lymberakis, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Wolfgang Böhme, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , U ur Kaya, Aziz Avci, Naza
ulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Sherif BahağEl Din
ş
ja Isailovic, Petro Lymberakis, Claes Andrén, Dan Cogalniceanu, John Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Po
hme, Pierre-André Crochet, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , U ur Kaya, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu, Petros Lymbera
Sindaco, Antonio Romano
Wilkinson, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov
El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Page 20
European_Aphibians_Reptiles_Red
sto Recuero Gil, Rafael Marquez, Paulo Sa-Sousa, Carmen Diaz Paniagua
armen Diaz Paniagua, Valentin Perez-Mellado
ni, Philippe Geniez, Ulrich Joger
reboom, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Ahmad Disi, Steven Anderson, Mathieu Denoël, Franco Andreone
ğ
llado, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Marc Cheylan, Rafael Marquez, Philippe Geniez
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya
Ogielska, Wiesiek Babik, Milan Vogrin, Jon Loman, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács, István Kiss
ğ
Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Jan Willem Arntzen
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Matthias Stöck, Muhammad Sharif Khan, Sergius Kuzmin, David Ta
n Diesmos, Djoko Iskandar, Peter Paul van Dijk, Masafumi Matsui, Benedikt Schmidt, Claude Miaud
agua, Valentin Perez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez
Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Jaime Bosch, Claude Miaud, Miguel Tejedo, Miguel Lizana, Iñigo Mar
ğ
n, Riyad Sadek, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Avital Gasith, Eldad Elron, Sarig Gafny, U ur Kaya
Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Tahar Slimani , El Hassan El Mouden, Rafael Marquez
iez, Tahar Slimani, Ulrich Joger, Sherif Baha El Din
czyk, Maria Ogielska, Jaime Bosch, Claude Miaud, Jon Loman, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács, István Kis
berger, Milan Vogrin, Miklós Puky, Petros Lymberakis, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Rastko Ajtic, Claudia Corti
esto Recuero Gil, Tahar Slimani , El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, Tahar Slimani
eanu, Tibor Kovács, István Kiss, Miklós Puky, Judit Vörös
n, Rafael Marquez, Carmen Diaz Paniagua
ré Crochet, Theodore Papenfuss, Max Sparreboom, Sergius Kuzmin, Steven Anderson, Mathieu Denoël
ğ
nesto Recuero Gil, Paulo Sa-Sousa, Rafael Marquez
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya ğ
nanjeva, Nazan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya
nesto Recuero Gil, Paulo Sa-Sousa, Rafael Marquez
ir Ishchenko, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács, István Kiss
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Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Jaime Bosch, Milan Vogrin, Miguel
Paniagua, Philippe Geniez
Schmidt, Brandon Anthony, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Jaime Bosch, Miguel Tejedo
tal Gasith, Eldad Elron, Sarig Gafny, Petros Lymberakis, Wolfgang Böhme, Sherif Baha El Din,
ai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev, Maria Ogielska, Claude Miaud, Jon Loman, Dan Cogalniceanu, Tibor Kovács
ecuero Gil, Rafael Marquez, Philippe Geniez
dreone, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Natalia Ananjeva, Nikolai Orlov, Boris Tuniyev
ceanu, Tibor Kovács, István Kiss, Miklós Puky, Judit Vörös, David Tarkhnishvili, Natalia Ananjeva
in Perez-Mellado, Rafael Marquez
rquez, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Richard Podloucky
ğ
sto Recuero Gil, Paulo Sa-Sousa, Rafael Marquez
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya
yani, Ismail Ugurtas, Steven Anderson, Wiesiek Babik, Claude Miaud, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic
ğ
Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya
rcía-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Rafael Marquez, Marc Cheylan, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Valentin Perez
thieu Denoël, Per Nyström, Brandon Anthony, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk
Arntzen, Carmen Diaz Paniagua, Rafael Marquez
ny, Benedikt Schmidt, Agnieszka Ogrodowczyk, Maria Ogielska, Jaime Bosch, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir
ecuero Gil, Tahar Slimani, El Hassan El Mouden, Ulrich Joger, Philippe Geniez, Claudia Corti
ğ
ez-Solano, Alfredo Salvador, Mario García-París, Ernesto Recuero Gil, Paulo Sa-Sousa, Philippe Gen
ai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Göran Nilson, Mozafar Sharifi, Theodore Papenfuss, Soheila Shafti
rat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet
sterström, Cornelius C. De Haan, Varol Tok, Bartosz Borczyk, Bogoljub Sterijovski, B. Schmidt
ğ
omano, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Aziz Avci
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya
ğ
Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Pierre-André
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ğ
ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, Ishm
Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sous
Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
Richard Podloucky, Roberto Sindaco, Aziz Avci
goljub Sterijovski, Petros Lymberakis, Richard Podloucky, Daniel Cogalniceanu, Aziz Avci
s, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Yehudah Werner, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Sherif
ş ć
Krecsák, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Dušan Jeli
Kaya, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
eniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
ş
Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm ş
André Crochet, Sherif Baha El Din, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
ğ
ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Rastko Atjic, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Pa
André Crochet, Sherif Baha El Din, U ur Kaya
ş
erijovski, Lymberakis, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Podloucky, Daniel Cogalniceanu, Aziz Avci
ş
co, Aziz Avci, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Yusuf Kumluta
oljub Sterijovski, Yusuf Kumluta , Nazan Üzüm
o Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Roberto Sindaco
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ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Wolfgang Böhme, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic
ć
A. Westerström, B. Borczyk, Benedikt Schmidt, Andreas Meyer, Robert Sindaco, Dušan Jeli
ć
akis, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Dušan Jeli ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sous
gurtas, Murat Sevinç, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Yehudah Werner
Antonio Romano, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
as, Wolfgang Böhme, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Sherif Baha El Din, C. Varol Tok
ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ğur Kaya, Rastko Atjic, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Pa
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André
ş ğ
ha El Din, Petros Lymberakis, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , U ur Kaya, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
ğ
Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Milan Vogrin, Sherif Baha El Din
ğ
hmidt, Andreas Meyer, Roberto Sindaco, Antonio Romano, Iñigo Martínez-Solano
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Roberto Sindaco, Wolfgang Böhme, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajti
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d Sadek, Idriz Haxhiu, Wolfgang Böhme ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Wolfgang Böhme, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Mil
onio Romano
ğ
s, Ulrich Joger, El Hassan El Mouden, Philippe Geniez, Sherif Baha El Din, C. Varol Tok, Roberto Sindaco
ğ
Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Wolfgang Böhme, Roberto Sindaco
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Roberto Sindaco, Wolfgang Böhme, Philippe Geniez, Jose Antonio
ş
i-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Pierre-André Crochet, Idriz Haxhiu, Claudia Corti, Roberto Sindaco, Yakup Kaska, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Naza
ğ
ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Wolfgang Böhme, Rastko Atjic, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sade
azan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu, Petros Lymberakis ğ
onio Romano
ş ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Wolfgang Böhme, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat S
Kumluta , U ur Kaya, Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
ğ
zan Üzüm, Nikolai Orlov, Richard Podloucky, Sako Tuniyev, U ur Kaya, Wolfgang Böhme, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat S
niyurt, Ferdi Akarsu, Petros Lymberakis
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arif Khan, Sergius Kuzmin, David Tarkhnishvili, Vladimir Ishchenko, Theodore Papenfuss, Gad Degani, Ismail Ugurtas, Nasrullah Rastegar-
Page 26
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nfuss, Soheila Shafti
Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Pierre-André Crochet, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Yehudah Werner, Sherif Baha El Din
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erakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Idriz Haxhiu, Bogoljub Sterijovski
entin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Martin Kyek, Alexander Westerström, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Ba
Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Sherif Baha El Din
, Ferdi Akarsu
udia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Sterijovski Bogoljub, H. K. Nettmann, C. C. De Haan
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d Nettmann, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic, Ulrich Joger, Marc Cheylan, Valentin Pérez-Mellado, Bartosz Borczyk, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Alexander
entin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Sherif Baha El Din, C. Varol Tok
udia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Sherif Baha El Din, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Corneliu
Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Yehudah Werner, Idriz
Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu
ć
hme, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Ljiljana Tomovi , Pierre-André Crochet, Idriz Haxhiu, Ulrich
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ang Böhme, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, V
hme, Philippe Geniez, Jose Antonio Mateo Miras, Yehudah Werner, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Riyad Sadek, Ibrahim Baran, Petros Ly
ş
ka, Yusuf Kumluta , Aziz Avci, Nazan Üzüm, Can Yeniyurt, Ferdi Akarsu, Jelka Crnobrnja Isailovic
Milan Vogrin, Claudia Corti, Valentin Pérez Mellado, Paulo Sá-Sousa, Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Bartosz Borczyk, Benedikt Schmi
i, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Idriz Haxhiu
Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Ahmad Mohammed Mousa Disi, Souad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Yeh
Varol Tok, Ishmail Ugurtas, Murat Sevinç, Pierre-André Crochet, Hans Konrad Nettmann, László Krecsák
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Ismail Ugurtas, Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani, Ahmad Disi, Steven Anderson, Trevor Beebee, Franco Andreone
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oljub Sterijovski
erström, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Bartosz Borczyk, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Benedikt Schmidt
ljub, H. K. Nettmann, C. C. De Haan, B. Borczyk, B. Sterijovski, B. Schmidt, A. Meyer
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czyk, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Alexander Westerström, Benedikt Schmidt
Din, Hans Konrad Nettmann, Cornelius C. De Haan, B. Sterijovski, B. Schmidt, A. Meyer.
Riyad Sadek, Yehudah Werner, Idriz Haxhiu, Sherif Baha El Din, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Wolfgang Böhme, Dusan Jelic
ć
e-André Crochet, Idriz Haxhiu, Ulrich Joger, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Goren Nilson, Dušan Jeli
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Marc Cheylan, Juan Pleguezuelos, Varol Tok, Roberto Sindaco, Bartosz Borczyk, Benedikt Schmidt
yad Sadek, Ibrahim Baran, Petros Lymberakis, Rastko Ajtic, Bogoljub Sterijovski, Sherif Baha El Din, László Krecsák.
os, Bartosz Borczyk, Benedikt Schmidt, Andreas Meyer
ad Hraoui-Bloquet, Riyad Sadek, Yehudah Werner, Idriz Haxhiu
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Page 36
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e, Dusan Jelic
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ászló Krecsák.
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