.NET Framework

.NET Framework University of Negros Occidental – Recoletos College of Information Technology 2009/7/26 1 .NET Enterprise Vision Users Any device, Any place, Any time XML Web Services Scheduling Notification Authentication Integrate business applications and processes Back Office Heterogeneous application and server infrastructure Billing 2009/7/26 Customer Service Sales 2 .NET Framework programming model for building applications on Windows clients, servers, and mobile or embedded devices. provide a managed execution environment, simplified development and deployment, and integration with a wide variety of programming languages. 2009/7/26 3 .NET Core Components Common Language Runtime Garbage collection Language integration Integrated security Framework Class Library Provides the core functionality: ASP.NET, Web Services, ADO.NET, Windows Forms, IO, XML, etc. 2009/7/26 4 Common Language Runtime memory management, thread management, etc. convert the .NET Managed Code to native code controls the interaction with the Operating System. Common Language Runtime Operating System 2009/7/26 5 Framework Class Library Object-oriented collection of reusable types Collections, I/O, Strings, … .NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System 2009/7/26 6 Data Access Layer access relational databases data model work with XML ADO .NET and XML .NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System 2009/7/26 7 ASP.NET and Windows Forms Create application’s front-end – Web-based user interface, Windows GUI, Web services, … ASP .NET Web Forms Web Services Mobile Internet Toolkit Windows Forms ADO .NET and XML .NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System 2009/7/26 8 Programming Languages Use your favorite language C++ C# VB.NET Perl J# … Windows Forms ASP .NET Web Forms Web Services Mobile Internet Toolkit ADO .NET and XML .NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System 2009/7/26 9 Common Language Specification C++ VB Common Language Specification… C# Perl J# ASP .NET Web Forms Web Services Mobile Internet Toolkit Windows Forms ADO .NET and XML .NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System 2009/7/26 10 Visual Studio.NET C++ C# VB Perl J# … Common Language Specification Visual Studio .NET ASP .NET Web Forms Web Services Mobile Internet Toolkit Windows Forms ADO .NET and XML .NET Framework (Base Class Library) Common Language Runtime Operating System 2009/7/26 11 Common Language Infrastructure  defines an environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific architectures.  Four Aspects: 1. Common Type System 2. Metadata 3. Common Language Specification 4. Virtual Execution System 2009/7/26 12 Common Type System  set of types and operations that are shared by all CTS-compliant programming languages.  defines how types are declared, used, and managed in the runtime, and is also an important part of the runtime's support for cross-language integration. 2009/7/26 13 Metadata  Information about program structure is language-agnostic, so that it can be referenced between languages and tools, making it easy to work with code written in a language you are not using. language to be easily used as software component written in another language.  Allows software component (.exe or .dll) written in one  stored in a file called Manifest, and contains information about the members, types, references and all the other data that the Common Language Runtime (CLR) needs for execution . 14 2009/7/26 Common Language Specification  ensures complete interoperability among applications, regardless of the language used to create the application.  a set of base rules to which any language targeting the CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) should conform in order to interoperate with other CLScompliant languages. 2009/7/26 15 Virtual Execution System (VES)  loads and executes CLI-compatible programs, using the metadata to combine separately generated pieces of code at runtime.  Similar to Java Virtual Machine 2009/7/26 16 Common Intermediate Language  intermediate language that is abstracted from the platform hardware.  CPU-independent set of instructions that can be converted to the native code (Second platform-neutral language) Intermediate Language  Also known as Microsoft Intermediate Language or  includes instructions for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects, as well as instructions for arithmetic and logical operations, control flow, direct memory access, exception handling, and other operations 17 2009/7/26 Portable Executable  Both Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) and Metadata assembled together is known as Portable Executable (PE) file.  supposed to be portable across all 32-bit operating systems by Microsoft .Net Framework. 2009/7/26 18 Native Code  Operating System-independent  Also known as Managed Code , that is, the language's functionality is managed by the .NET Framework . 2009/7/26 19 Managed Code vs Unmanaged Code  executed by the Common Language Runtime (CLR) environment executed CPU  by computer’s  More reliable and robust (Garbage Collection, Type Safety, etc..)  Isolated  secure accessible outside runtime environment   the can make direct calls to the OS (very risky) . 2009/7/26 20 Dynamic Translation  During the code execution time, the Managed Code compiled only when it is needed, that is it converts the appropriate instructions to the native code for execution just before when each function is called.  preserves memory and save time during application initialization. 2009/7/26 21 Just In Time (JIT) Compiler  converts the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) code into native code to the Operating System (OS).  Works based on the architecture of the OS. (same Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) can be executed on different Operating Systems without rewriting the source code. ) 2009/7/26 22 How CLI Works? .NET Compatible Languages Independent Compilation Convert Compile Source to CIL (through JIT) Platform- specific Converts CIL to machine code 2009/7/26 23 Some Common CLI Languages  C#  C++/CLI  J#:  IronPython - C++ and Java - C++ - Java (discontinued) - Python  IronRuby  VB.NET  Oxygene  L#  P# -Ruby - object-oriented dialect of Visual Basic. - object-oriented Pascal - Lisp - Prolog 2009/7/26 24 How .NET Works? 1. Microsoft .Net Languages Source Code are compiled 1.1 Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) 1.2 Metadata (stored in Manifest file) 2. Common Language Runtime (CLR) uses metadata to locate and load classes, generate native code, provide security, and execute Managed Code. (The Common Language Runtime (CLR) provides various Just In Time (JIT) compilers, and each works on a different architecture depends on Operating Systems, that means the same Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL) can be executed on different Operating Systems.) 2009/7/26 25 How .NET Works? Source code .NET Compiler MSIL ------Metadata CLR --[JIT] Output 2009/7/26 26 Topic Summary  Overview of .NET Framework  Components of .NET Framework  Common Language Infrastructure 2009/7/26 27 Summary of Terms .NET Framework Common Language Runtime (CLR) Framework Class Library (FCL) Common Language Specification (CLS) Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) Common Type System (CTS) Metadata Virtual Execution System (VES) Common Intermediate Language Portable Executable Native Code Managed Code Unmanaged Code Dynamic Translation Just In Time Compiler 2009/7/26 28 Analysis  Differentiate native code from Microsoft Intermediate Language.  What reasons make unmanaged code less reliable and less secure?  Explain one benefit of Virtual Execution System.  Why MSIL executable across different OS?  What is the advantage of Common Language Infrastructure? 2009/7/26 29 Assignment  Software Project proposal - Name of software to be created - purpose - functionalities  Primitive Data Types of the following languages - Java - C#.NET - VB.NET  Syntax of variable declaration, decision and iteration statements of the following languages: - Java - C#.NET - VB.NET  What is a programming model? 2009/7/26 30 Sources  http://vb.net-informations.com/framework/what_is_net_framework.htm  http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/default.aspx 2009/7/26 31