S25: Employment and Religion
S18.1 Unemployment and Religion S18.2 Youth Unemployment Rate by Religion S18.3 Youth unemployment, Religion and Gender S18.4 Comparative cases according to regions (Inner London, Outer London and Northwest) S18.5 A Hypothesis for You to Test S18.6 References on Employment and Religion
S25.1.1 Unemployment and Religion
• The 1991 census contained no religion questions for Great Britain. • Questions of religious affiliation (for the whole of UK) and of religious background (for Scotland and Northern Ireland) are available in the 2001 census. • This types of information are very useful as they are required for combating discrimination on the ground of gender, religion, race or ethnic background.
S25.1.2 Unemployment and Religion
• However, a sizable proportion of the population refused to provide relevant information in Northern Island and Scotland. • For example, 97.5% of respondents in Northern Island answered either not applicable, out of area or student living away, and so did 27.9% said no religion and 5.3% no answer of respondents in Scotland • Difficulties associated with data collection of religions are addressed (Macourt 1978, 1995) and also in SARs Newsletter 17 - March 2002. • For the analyse, we use data of England & Wales only
S25.1.3 Unemployment and Religion
•Among religious groups, Muslims are the lowest % in paid work and the highest in other inactive positions •This can be explained by gender associated with religious prac and its culture. Look at next figure.
Source: UK SARs 2001, Individual, Base England and Wales residents. Crown Copyright.
S25.1.3 Unemployment and Religion by Gender
Source: UK SARs 2001, Individual, Base England and Wales residents. Crown Copyright.
S25.2.1 Youth Economic Activities and Religion
• In S2, we discussed that youth unemployment rate is high. The above table shows youth unemployment by gender in England and Wales • 82.0% of male youths are in paid work and 5.2% are unemployed. • 69.6% of female youths are in paid work and 3.2% are unemployed. and Wales residents. Crown Copyright. Source: UK SARs 2001, Individual, Base England
S25.2.2 Youths Economic Activities and Religion by gender
•Now, we look at economic activities of youth aged between 16 and 30 by religious groups in England or Wales.
S25.2.3 Youth Economic Activities and Religion by gender
Source: UK SARs 2001, Individual, Base England and Wales residents. Crown Copyright.
S18.2.4 Youth Economic Activities and Religion by gender
• Christian male youths have the highest percentage in paid work (86.1%) and the lowest in unemployment (4.7%) • Muslim male youths have the lowest percentage in paid work (62.4%) and the highest in unemployment (12.8%) • Among women aged 19 and 30, Muslim women are lowest engaged in paid work (43.1%) and highest in other inactive position such as looking after family (36.6%) • Hindu youths have the highest rate being students aged between 19 and 30, followed by Muslim youths
S18.3.1 Youth Economic Activities and Religion by gender with kids
• Engagement in economic activities can be influenced by their family formation, especially in case of women • Dale, Lindley and Dex studied how the family formation of women would determine their economic activities • It is a hypothetical question whether ethnic background influence more than religious practices in determining women’s economic activities in the U.K.
S18.3.2 Youth Economic Activities and Religion by gender with kids
Source: UK SARs 2001, Individual, Base England and Wales residents. Crown Copyright.
S18.3.2 Youth Economic Activities and Religion by gender with kids
• Interesting enough, when these youths have children, male youths of all religions in paid work increase while female youths of all religions in paid work decrease except female Sikh group. • Almost half of female Muslim group (42.5%) opts to be inactive when they have children • There are gender differences in unemployment rates among different religions
S25.4 References on Employment and Religion
• Voas, D. and A. Crockett (2005) Religion in Britain: Neither believing nor belonging, Sociology 39 (1): 11-28. • Macourt, M. P. A. (1995) ‘Using census data: religion as a key variable in studies of Northern Ireland.’ Environment and Planning A, 27 (4): 593-614. • Shuttleworth IG, Lloyd CD (2005). ‘Analysing average travel-towork distances in Northern Ireland using the 1991 Census of Population: The effects of locality, social composition, and religion.’ Regional Studies, 39 (7): 909-921. • Osborne Rd, Cormack Rj (1986). ‘Unemployment And Religion In Northern-Ireland.’ Economic And Social Review, 17 (3): 215-225 • Macourt, M.P.A (1978) The Religious Inquiry in the Irish Census of 1861 Irish Historical Studies Vol. 21 No. 82 pp168-187. • Dale, A.; Lindley, J; Dex, S. (submitted) A life-course perspective on ethnic differences in women's economic activity in Britain