Index
A
Addams, Jane 191 (ill.), 191–192, 199 Africa 221–222 African Americans 65 (ill.), 204 (ill.). See also Slavery Agriculture 2 (ill.). See also Food chemistry and 133, 134 cottage industries and 134 drugs and 222–223 enclosure movement and 23–24, 25, 84 factory system and 223 food preservation and 134, 136–140 Great Depression and 201–202 mechanization of 3, 24–26, 133–136 poverty and 175 preindustrial 1, 6–7 productivity and 3, 5, 25–26, 73–74, 83–84, 134–136, 214 railroads and 137, 157 textiles and 63, 66, 108–109, 222
urbanization and 134, 210, 213–214, 219 Air 152–153, 212–213. See also Environment Air conditioning 139–140 Alchemy 130. See also Chemistry Altgeld, John 182 American Civil War 138, 195–196 American Declaration of Independence 9, 20 American Federation of Labor 184, 185 (ill.), 185–186, 188 American Institute of Electrical Engineers 127 American Railway Union 180–181 American Revolution 9, 30, 48, 209 American system 144–147, 145 (ill.), 223. See also Factory system; Manufacturing American Telephone and Telegraph (AT&T) 168 Amish 5 (ill.) Anarchism 84, 101, 172, 179–182
References to photos are marked by (ill.).
227
Andrews, Samuel 166 Animals 209–210. See also Horses Appert, Nicholas-François 137 Apprentices 10 Aristocracy. See also Feudalism; Medieval period definition of 10 democracy and 6–7 Enlightenment and 21–22 industrialization and 4 Parliament and 86–87 progress and 6–7 religion and 13, 19–20 Arkwright, Richard 72 (ill.) cotton mill of 109 spinning machine and 72, 110 textile factory of 77, 91 Art 13–14 Ashley, Anthony Ashley Cooper, Lord 90–91 Asia 193, 214–215, 216–219. See also specific countries Assembly lines 145 (ill.), 173 (ill.) American system and 145, 146 definition of 144 Henry Ford and 147, 148–151 standardization and 223 Automation 210, 216 Automobiles 114 (ill.), 145 (ill.), 149 (ill.), 150 (ill.) air pollution and 152–153, 212 assembly lines and 147, 148–151 competition and 218 internal combustion engine and 115–116 oil and 3, 151 society and 116, 151–154, 158 tires and 132
Bessemer, Henry 129–130, 130 (ill.) Bessemer process 129–130, 131 (ill.), 161 Bibles 16–17, 120 Binfield, Kevin 94 Blenkinsop, John 54–55 Boilers 36, 37, 39–40, 42 Bonaparte, Napoléon 95, 97, 137, 209 Boulton, Matthew 48 Boulton and Watt 59, 60 Bourgeoisie 103 Brakes 126 Brown, Moses 110 Bryan, William Jennings 186 Burton, Emanuel 95 Business 4–5, 6–7, 176, 188, 196. See also Finance
C
Cadillac Motor Car Company 148 Calhoun, John C. 195–196 Canals 51–52, 58 Canning 137–138 Capital 100 Capital 102. See also Finance Capitalism 29–30, 76, 84, 102–103, 172 Capitalists 102–103. See also specific capitalists Carnegie, Andrew 4, 130, 160–165, 161 (ill.), 168 Carnegie Hall 164 Carnegie-Mellon University 164 Carnegie Steel Company 161–164 Carnot, Nicholas Sadi 138 Carrier, Willis 140 Cartwright, Edmond 75 Cartwright, William 95 Catch-Me-Who-Can 54 Caus, Salomon de 38 Celluloid 132 Central America 222–223 Charles II 40, 44 Charter Gasoline Engine Company 136 Chartists 97–98 Chemistry 130–133, 134, 139
B
Baekeland, Leo 132 Bakelite 132 Bakunin, Mikhail 101 Beau de Rochas, Alphonse-Eugène 114 Bell, Alexander Graham 119 (ill.), 120 Benz, Karl 148
228 Industrial Revolution: Almanac