Engine Oil

							Engine Oil


     Jason Dearden
      Steven Lemos
     Engineering 45
Santa Rosa Junior College
       Spring 2009
    What Is Engine Grade Oil




 American Petroleum Institute (API)
 Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE)
    A Brief History of Motor Oil
1846 Crude oil refining process discovered
Single Grade oil
Multi Grade oil
Synthetic oil first sold commercially in 1970
                       Properties
   Physical
    Flash Point
    Pour Point
    Viscosity
   Chemical
    Basic properties
    Detergents
                             Viscosity
   Viscosity is the
    measure of a fluids
    resistance to flow
   How to measure
    viscosity
   Units:
    Dynamic: Pa-s,
    Kinematic: Stokes (St)

               Dynamic Viscosity
                                  Kinematic Viscosity
                   Density
                Viscosities of common fluids:
                          (At 25°C)
                               Viscosity (Pa·s)                 Viscosity (cPoise)
acetone                                           3.06 × 10−4                         0.306
benzene                                       6.04 × 10−4                             0.604
blood (37 °C)                                     3–4 × 10−3                           3–4
castor oil                                              0.985                          985
corn syrup                                             1.3806                        1380.6
ethanol                                       1.074 × 10−3                            1.074
ethylene glycol                                   1.61 × 10−2                          16.1
glycerol                                                  1.5                         1500
HFO-380                                                 2.022                         2022
mercury                                       1.526 × 10−3                            1.526
methanol                                          5.44 × 10−4                         0.544
nitrobenzene                                  1.863 × 10−3                            1.863
liquid nitrogen @ 77K                             1.58 × 10−4                         0.158
propanol                                      1.945 × 10−3                            1.945
olive oil                                               0.081                           81
pitch                                               2.3 × 108                  2.3 × 1011
sulfuric acid                                     2.42 × 10−2                          24.2
water                                             8.94 × 10−4                         0.894
Single Grade oil Viscosity

Multi Grade Oil viscosity index improvers
(VII)
CCS=Cold Cranking
Simulator=ease of
engine cranking while
cold
MRV=Mini Rotary
Viscometer=Low
temperature
pumpability
                       Cold Temp
         SAE W viscosity grades for engine oils
 Grade      cranking             pumping
 0w         3250cP at -30°C      60,000cP at -40°C
 5w         3500cP at -25°C      60,000cP at -35°C
 10w        3500cP at -20°C      60,000cP at -30°C
 15w        3500cP at -15°C      60,000cP at -25°C
 20w        4500cP at -10°C      60,000cP at -20°C
 25w        6000cP at -5°C       60,000cP at -15°C



                 Running Temp
          SAE viscosity grades for engine oils
Grade      low shear                  high shear
20          5.6 - 9.3 cSt at 100°C    2.6 cP at 150°C
30          9.3 - 12.5 cSt at 100°C   2.9 cP at 150°C
40a        12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C   2.9 cP at 150°C
40b        12.5 - 16.3 cSt at 100°C   3.7 cP at 150°C
50         16.3 - 21.9 cSt at 100°C   3.7 cP at 150°C
60         21.9 - 26.1 cSt at 100°C    3.7 cP at 150°C

           a (0w-40, 5w-40, 10w-40 grades)
        b (15w-40, 20w-40, 25w-40, 40 grades)
               How Do Combustion Engines Work?

A General Combustion Engines take
   the Linear motion of a piston and
   convert it into Rotation. You can
   see the piston moving side to
   side, connected to the piston is
   the rod, which is then connected
   to the Crank, which delivers your
   rotation to whatever you need it
   for. You get the piston to move
   by combusting fuel and air
   creating a high pressure forcing
   the piston down on the “power
   stroke”. An engine speed is
   rated in RPM (Revolutions per
   Minute).




                            Crank      Rod   Piston   Combustion
                                                      Chamber
           Why do engines need oil
   Lubrication of moving parts
Engines move anywhere from 2000RPM-6000RPM in
   Street vehicles and up to 19,000RPM + in Race
   Engine. Parts would not last with metal to metal
   contact. You need a barrier between parts to cut down
   friction, oil is your barrier.
   Cooling
Oil also acts as a heatsink for the engine, and as stated
    above, you need oil to cut down friction, if there was
    no oil the heat caused from friction would be enough
    to destroy any engine.
 Cleaning
Oil acts in another way, it removes dust
   particles that enter the engine, and some of
   the carbon build up in the engine. This is
   one of the reasons it is important to change
   your oil.
     So, what happens to an engine
             without oil???




   Engine Seizes
   Parts wear out very rapidly
   Catastrophic failures
   Holes in Engine Blocks
Questions?