School Wide Encouragement Procedures:
Techniques That Are Used to Promote Responsible Student Behavior
PBS Training Cohort D
1 million workers, 80,000 managers, 400 companies
Predictable work environments are places where employees (Buckingham & Coffman 2002, Gallup)
1. Know what is expected
2. Have materials & equipment to do job correctly 3. Receive recognition each week for good work. 4. Have supervisor who cares, & pays attention 5. Receive encouragement to contribute & improve 6. Can identify person at work who is “best friend.” 7. Feel mission of organization makes them feel like their jobs are important 8. See people around them committed to doing good job 9. Feel like they are learning new things (getting better) 10. Have opportunity to do their job well.
1 million workers, 80,000 managers, 400 companies
Predictable work environments are places where employees (Buckingham & Coffman 2002, Gallup) educators, students, family members, etc.
1. Know what is expected
2. Have curriculum & instruction to do job correctly 3. Receive recognition for demonstrating expectations. 4. Have teacher/parent/principal who cares, & pays attention 5. Receive encouragement to contribute & improve 6. Can identify someone who they can “relate to.” 7. Feel mission of classroom/school makes them feel like their efforts are important 8. See students/teachers/principals around them committed to doing good job 9. Feel like they are learning new things (getting better) 10. Have opportunity to do their learning/teaching well.
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Encouragement techniques that are frequently used to promote responsible student behavior include:
Positive feedback
Initiating friendly interactions with students, and using nonverbal acknowledgement
Positive Feedback
Giving students specific POSITIVE verbal feedback
Making comments about students’ behavior to other adults.
Delivering Non-Contingent Attention
• Using nonverbal behavior (e.g., maintaining eye • • •
contact, smiling, nodding, winking, thumbs up and waving). Greeting students as they enter your room or when you see them in the hallway. Use the student’s first name whenever possible. Giving farewells when students leave your classroom. Show an interest in the student’s work by looking over it and/or saying that you can’t wait to read it.
•
Delivering Non-Contingent Attention
• Inviting students to ask for
assistance/help. Make sure each student knows he/she is welcomed to ask for help with work or problem-solving. Asking students about their life outside of school (e.g., sports, interests, hobbies, holidays, pets, siblings, favorite CDs, etc.). Revisit what you have talked about before (“Say, how was your trip to your grandmother’s house?”).
• •
Delivering Positive Feedback
Positive Feedback and Praise must be….. 1. Accurate and credible. 2. Specific and descriptive. 3. Given for something important. 4. Age-appropriate. 5. Authentic.
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
4
Positive Verbal Feedback and Non-contingent Attention
to
1
Corrective
In all areas of the school, students need to receive positive verbal feedback and noncontingent attention four times more often than corrective feedback (or consequences).
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Common Area Policies:
Encouragement Procedures: Part 4
– “Staff will interact with students in a friendly supportive manner at all times.”
– “Staff will engage in positive interactions such as greeting students, talking to students, making eye contact, smiling, etc.
– “Staff will give positive feedback about specific behaviors that are contributing to the student’s success.”
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
In addition to general encouragement procedures PBS is effective when there is a systematic and formal encouragement / acknowledgement system in place for all students:
• The goal for this systematic procedure is for the
procedure to have a positive impact on all students (Universal Level) with whom it is being implemented. earn incentives for exhibiting responsible behavior.
• SWEnc techniques typically allow students to
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Research – National APBS conference:
Which factors predict successful SWPBS Implementation? Academic Indicators:
% students below grade level in reading the year prior to beginning implementation Socio-cultural Factors: SES, Ethnicity, Student Stability, % disability, School size, teacher-student ratio Behavioral Indicators prior to PBS implementation: % of students who receive office referrals, OSS, ISS
Process Variables: Administrative support Effective team functioning Effective school-wide encouragement
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Process Variables: Administrative support Effective team functioning Effective school-wide encouragement
Predicated on setting expectations for students by teaching them the actual behaviors, research indicates that
1) Administrative support at all levels of PBS, 2) Effective team functioning and a 3) Formal system of acknowledging students’ behavior is
predictive of successful implementation of PBS.
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Systematic encouragement procedures include those implemented: Research indicates that a systematic system for acknowledging appropriate – On a school-wide key for all behaviors is one of thebasisfeatures that common a success (assessed by makes PBSareas. – Within a specific area of a school SET). (common areas). – At specific grade levels.
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
How does it do this?......
– Focuses staff and student attention on desired behaviors. – Formal system prompts the staff to give praise. – Increases the “praise density” (4 to 1 ratio) – Increases the likelihood that desired behaviors will be repeated by a large group of students. – Reduces the need for engaging in time consuming punitive disciplinary measures. – Fosters a positive school climate.
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Why develop a School Wide Reward System or why those darn tickets (cont.)?
• Behavior-Specific Praise is the student change
agent (not the back-up reward)
– Once the behavior has improved continue with praise and reduce the use of “tickets.” – Note: You may need to teach teachers what you mean by behavior specific praise.
• Remember: Purpose of system is to increase
specific verbal praise and “set the trap” for catching students “being good.”
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Teach
SWEnc
Monitor
Feedback
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan
• We are now going to look over the form
that will help you develop your SWEnc. Plan • Pull out the Blue Sheet Labeled “SchoolWide Encouragement Plan” • Write your School-Wide Expectations in the top box
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan
• School-Wide Reinforcement Set-Up
– What is the name of your system? – Who will make them? • PBS Team Grade level reps • PBS Team member – Who will give them to staff? – What will be on them? • Place for student name, location given,
behavior displayed, teacher name, etc.
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Ray Abrams Elementary: Reward Plan
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan
• Distribution of the “Tickets” Make sure to have teachers make – Where will you hand out tickets? • Common Areas only a verbal connection between the • How many behavior and the SWE student’s tickets will each teacher member hand out? that they are demonstrating!!
– Daily, weekly, monthly
• Can teachers give their own students
tickets?
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan
• Collection of Tickets
– Turning the tickets in • Students to Teachers • Teachers to PBS Members • Specific time and place – Where are they kept?
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan
• Short Term Recognition
– How will students be recognized? – Who will recognize them? – What are some of the incentives that you will use and where will they be stored • Examples of rewards……..
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement PlanShort Term Recognition
• School bucks to use in a school store on a
• • •
regular basis (weekly). – Put principal’s face on the school bucks. “Caught Being Good” certificates Lottery Drawings Send postcards home re: student meeting school wide expectations. – Make it fill-in or check-off easy for teachers. Pre-print name of every student and set goals for teachers to send a certain number in a certain time (e.g. each nine weeks).
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan- Short Term Recognition
• Weekly lunches with Principal or favorite
•
staff member Coupons (purchased with established numbers of tickets) for the following:
– – – – –
Extra P.E. time Extra computer time Extra time to draw No homework coupon (use with caution) Free seating during their lunch period
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan- Long Term Celebration
• What will the Celebration be:
– PBS dances – Field Day – Ice cream social – Movie day – Incentives given to students with the highest number of “tickets” – Talent shows
Developing Your School-Wide Encouragement Plan- Long Term Celebration
• Details of the Celebration
– How often – PBS Team members and their tasks – Which students go (how many tickets, drawings) – How will teachers and parents know who is going
School-Wide Encouragement Plan
Helpful Hints for Implementation of Rewards:
• Reward frequently in the beginning. • Rewards should be contingent on students
engaging in the desired behavior(s).
• Refrain from threatening the loss of rewards
as a strategy for motivating students.
• Students should be eligible to earn rewards
throughout the day contingent upon use of appropriate behavior(s).
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Monitoring Your System: • Who on the team will be the lead in monitoring the system?
– Data point: # of “tickets” given and by whom
• Will you require each staff member to give • • •
a minimum number? How will you get feedback from the staff (and students)? How will you update the staff on the progress of the plan? How will you reinforce / acknowledge staff members for following the plan?
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Monitoring Your System: • Providing feedback to teachers about how they are
doing with SWEnc system increases praise / acknowledgement. Set a minimum number of tickets that each teacher must give each week, etc. Have them report that they gave out that number.
•
• Ticket Counts – randomly choose a day, check how
many teachers give out and celebrate when the number is high or increases.
– Couple this with asking teachers how it is going.
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Monitoring Your System: Tickets in Reverse • Track positive phone calls home
– Set goal for number of calls each teacher needs to complete in a period of time
– Have teachers keep logs
– Celebrate when the staff reaches a certain number of phone calls
School Wide Encouragement Procedures
Developing Your Plan: • Use the blue handout to guide your team through the development of a School-Wide Encouragement Plan. • Consider the information presented, examples given, and information you know to be true about your school.