Old Testament Theological Themes
Dr. Glenn Jonas Campbell University
I. Creation
A. Theological Themes of Genesis 1&2
– God is “creator” (create in Hebrew only used in reference to God) – Image of God
• humans are different from the rest of creation • Humans have the ability to think and reason morally • Humans have the ability to be in relationship to God
– Responsibility for Creation
– God is Personal – “It is good”
B. Science vs. Religion
Options deny science (recent creation) deny Bible reconcile 1. day/age theory 2. gap theory 3. poetic language theory
C. Two Creation Stories in Genesis
Genesis 1 God is “transcendent” majestic portrait of God who speaks creation into existence orderly account of creation over 6 days influenced by Babylonian creation myth called the Enuma Elish
Genesis 2 God is “immanent” anthropomorphic terminology order of creation is different from Genesis 1 Different word for “God” setting for creation is different (dry land, vs. watery chaos)
II. Covenant
A. Types of Covenants in the Ancient Near East
1. Parity: Between Equals 2. Suzerain: Between a Vassal and an overlord
B. God’s Covenant With Israel at Sinai
1. He promised to be their God and in return they promise to be his people 2. Covenant was not based on what Israel had done for God but on what god had done for them. 3. The Decalogue (10 Commandments) constitute the primary obligations of the covenant
– Commandments 14 (Vertical) – Commandments 510 (Horizontal)
III. Worship
A. Worship Material in the Old Testament
– Psalms – “hymnbook” of ancient Israel – Herman Günkel’s categories:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hymns Community laments Individual laments Personal hymns of thanksgiving Royal hymns
B. Worship Locations in Ancient Israel
1. Tabernacle
1. movable 2. Where Israel worshipped during the Wilderness wanderings (Joshua and Judges)
2. Temple
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Build by Solomon in Jerusalem Center of Jewish Worship Sacrifices Holy of Holies contained Ark of the Covenant Destroyed by Babylonians in 587 B.C. and Rebuilt during the Persian era and the destroyed a second time by Romans in 70 A.D.
3. Synagogue
1. Developed during exile in Babylon 2. Many synagogues. In Jesus’ day, one in almost every village
IV. Social Justice
• Prophets
– The underpriviledged were to be cared for. – Amos – Micah – Isaiah
V. Messiah
”anointed” meaning rooted in the monarchy of ancient Israel future king who would finally be what the other kings failed to be. Christians believe Jesus of Nazareth was “Messiah” (“Christ” in Greek)