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Interoperability
and
Emergency Communications
Connecting first responders and emergency services
community
Michelle Geddes
San Francisco Department of Emergency Management
July 2008
Interoperability
Ensures First Responders can talk
to who they need to,
wherever they are,
when they need it.
The radio they use every day will become the radio they use everywhere
Emergency Voice Communications
Voice Communications is
• Push-to-Talk (PTT) Radio
• Dedicated for Public Safety Usage
• 100% Reliability, with no delay and no down time
• 100% Availability – Region-wide coverage including
in building and underground
• Interoperability with all disciplines
3
Emergency Data Communications
Facial Recognition Report Writing Surveillance Still-Image Sharing
• Facilitates Capture • Rapid Info Sharing • Control of • Fast Incident
and Conviction • Increased Accuracy sensor networks Response Time
Fingerprint AMBER Alert Intranet Access Video
BOLO*
• Positive Identification • Fast Identification • Visual Aids for Responders • Multimedia
and Capture / Recovery • Increased Street Time Applications
• Daily Briefings
• Training
• Tip Sheets
• Policy Manuals
•Ordinances
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Agenda Overview
• The Need for Interoperability
• Interoperability Challenges
• Emergency Communications Trends
• Interoperability Solutions
5
Interoperability – The Need
Mass Terrorism
Fire Storm
Rare Mass Evacuation
School
Shooting Earthquake
Frequency of Activity
Airplane
Occasional Crash
Crime Spree Multiple
Investigation Alarm Fire
Common
Industrial
Police Hazmat
Chase
Daily
2 3 4 5 6 50+
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Number of Responding Agencies
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Interoperability – The Need
• 1989 - Loma Prieta Earthquake
• 1991 - Oakland Hills Firestorm
• March 26th2008 – Golden Gate Bridge
Multi-injury Accident
Responding agencies were:
Marin Fire and EMS
California Highway Patrol
Golden Gate Bridge District
Presidio Fire
SFFD Fire and EMS
Not one agency uses the same radio system, complicating communications
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Agenda Overview
• The Need for Interoperability
• Interoperability Challenges
• Emergency Communications Trends
• Interoperability Solutions
8
Interoperability Challenges
• Governance
• Funding
• Spectrum Availability
• Incompatible Technologies
• Willingness to change and proper training
9
Governance
• Establishing a Joint Powers Agreement (JPA)
between jurisdictions, cities, counties and agencies
-OR-
• Developing Memorandum of Understanding
(MOU)
• Agreeing to Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
and Guidelines for System Usage and Sharing
• Determining Maintenance Agreements and
Sustainable Funding Mechanism
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Funding
• Sustained funding sources are typically not
available to state and local agencies
• Designing and implementing a public safety grade
network can be cost prohibitive
– Fault tolerance, with no single point of failure
– 100% Coverage Requirements
– Backup Power
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Spectrum Availability
Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
State and Local Public Safety Communications Spectrum Availability*
*National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) Coordinates Spectrum for all Federal Agencies
12
Technology Incompatibilities
• Manufacturers have not had to standardize on one
technology platform, creating networks that are
incompatible
EF JOHNSON KENWOOD
VIOP VOTING PROJECT 25
MOTOROLA 3600 BAUD ICOM
SIMULCAST
9600 BAUD
EADS CONVENTIONAL THALES
ANALOG
DIGITAL TRUNKING
TRANSMITTER STEERING
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Bay Area System
Usage
Due to a lack of
coordinated planning:
Spectrum availability is
sparse and
inconsistent, rendering
radios useless out of a
home coverage area.
Systems were built by
multiple manufacturers,
with incompatible
technologies.
14
Agenda Overview
• The Need for Interoperability
• Interoperability Challenges
• Emergency Communications Trends
• Interoperability Solutions
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Emergency Communications Trends
Trend #1 - Regional Interoperability and Network
Sharing
Trend #2 - Multi- Discipline Collaboration
Trend #3 – Movement towards standards-based
systems
Trend #4 – Convergence of Voice and Data
Networks
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Converged Voice and Data Network
NOC E911/ 311 Internet
Dispatch Sites
Other Agency
P25 Networks/ P25 ISSI
IP backbones
Public
VoIP or PSTN
Legacy LMR
Gateway(s)
IP IP PBX
Backbone
Legacy LMR Network IP
Gateway IMS Gateway
PSTN
Commercial Public
ASTRO 25 Cellular
Secure Broadband
IP Backbone
Gov’t
P25/Tetra
LMR Government
Wideband/ BB MWNE
Interoperability & Seamless Mobility between user agencies, access networks, and devices
LMR 802 Cell Satellite P25oIP & PTx Applications
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Agenda Overview
• The Need for Interoperability
• Interoperability Challenges
• Emergency Communications Trends
• Interoperability Solutions
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Safecom Program
Department of Homeland Security
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700MHz Spectrum – Beachfront Property
FCC released
700MHz of
Spectrum for First
Responders,
Available Feb.
2009
FCC Auctioning
20MHz of
Broadband
Spectrum for a
Public/Private
Partnership
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BayRICS Program Overview
• Announced by Mayors
Bay Area Super UASI Region
Newsom, Dellums, and Reed
on September 11, 2007
• Collaboration with all 10 Bay
Area Counties
• Multi-discipline participation
including
Law Enforcement
Fire
Implementation Stages
Emergency Services
Emergency Medical Service
Planning Stages
Public Health
Transit Agencies
Critical Infrastructure Entities (Schools, Ports, Bridges)
The Interoperability Goal is to connect the Bay Area Region by 2012
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Conclusion / Lessons Learned
• Create a formal Governance structure, that includes all
levels of government and disciplines
• Develop a sustained funding mechanism
• Create standards and network performance
requirements to ensure technology interoperability
• Continue development SOP’s and training to ensure
beneficial use of the system
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