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United States In cooperation with
Department of
Agriculture
United States
Department of Soil Survey of
Agriculture, Forest
Natural
Resources
Service; United States
Department of Interior, Surprise Valley-
Conservation Bureau of Land
Service Management and Bureau
of Indian Affairs; the Home Camp Area,
Regents of the University
of California (Agricultural
Experiment Station), and California and
University of Nevada
Agricultural Experiment
Station Nevada
How To Use This Soil Survey
This survey is divided into two parts. Part I includes general information about the
survey area; descriptions of the detailed soil map units and soil series in the area;
descriptions on use and interpretations of soils, and various tables. Part II includes the
maps.
The detailed soil map units follow the general information about the survey area.
These map units can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas.
To find information about your area of interest, locate that area on the Index to Map
Sheets, note the number of the map sheet, and turn to that sheet.
Locate your area of interest on the map sheet. Note the map unit symbols that are in
that area. Turn to the Index to Map Units in Part I of this survey, which lists the map
units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described.
The Summary of Tables shows which table has data on a specific land use for each
detailed soil map unit. See Contents for sections of this publication that may address
your specific needs.
A U.S. General Soil Map (STATSGO) is available for this survey area. This database
consists of a soils map at a scale of 1 to 250,000 and descriptions of groups of
associated soils. It replaces the general soil map published in older soil surveys. The
map and the database can be used for multi-county planning, and map output can be
tailored for a specific use. More information about the U.S General Soil Map for this
survey area, or any portion of California and Nevada, is available at the local office of the
Natural Resources Conservation Service, and on the internet at
http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov/USDGSM.aspx.
Some standards or values may change as more information is collected and analyzed.
Thus, as older published interpretive information becomes outdated, new interpretive
data must be generated and tailored to local conditions. This information is added to the
Soil Data Mart and Web Soil Survey as needed. See the NRCS soils home page
(http://soils.usda.gov/) for links to these applications and other information about soils
and soil surveys.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States
Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment
Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation
Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. This soil survey was
made cooperatively by the United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation
Service and Forest Service, United States Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management and Bureau
of Indian Affairs, Regents of the University of California (Agricultural Experiment Station), and University of
Nevada Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Vya
Conservation District and the Surprise Valley Resource Conservation District.
Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 2005. Soil names and descriptions were approved in
2006. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in
2006.
Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission. Enlargement of these maps, however, could
cause misunderstanding of the detail of mapping. If enlarged, maps do not show the small areas of
contrasting soils that could have been shown at a larger scale.
Nondiscrimination Statement
The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all of its programs on the
basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and
marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require
alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should
contact the USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice or TDD).
To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326W, Whitten
Building, 14th and Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410, or call 202-720-5964 (voice or
TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
Cover: A typical landscape of the volcanic hills in the eastern part of the survey area. In the immediate foreground is
Ashtre-Nutzan-Cavin association, map unit 306. On the summit and shoulders of the hill in the near-background is
Zorromount-Hutchley association, map unit 602. The prominent tree-like shrub is curlleaf mountainmahogany, the dominant
plant on the Zorromount soil.
ii
Contents
Index to map units................................................ vii Chalco series..................................................... 421
Summary of tables ................................................ xi Chime series ..................................................... 422
Foreword ............................................................... xii Coppersmith series ........................................... 423
General nature of the survey area........................... 1 Cormol series .................................................... 424
History ................................................................... 1 Corral series ...................................................... 425
Industry, transportation, and recreation ................ 1 Cotant series ..................................................... 426
Physiography, drainage, and geology .................. 2 Couch series ..................................................... 427
Climate .................................................................. 2 Cowbell series ................................................... 429
How this survey was made...................................... 3 Crazybird series ................................................ 430
Detailed soil map units ......................................... 5 Crocan series .................................................... 431
Kinds of map units ................................................... 5 Crutcher series .................................................. 432
Acreage and extent ................................................. 6 Cuminvar series ................................................ 433
Headings and introductory phrases......................... 6 Cummings series............................................... 434
Map unit descriptions............................................... 6 Dangvar series .................................................. 436
Prime farmland and other important farmland 391 Davey series...................................................... 438
Classification of the soils ................................. 393 Dawgbuffer series ............................................. 439
Taxonomic units and their morphology.......... 393 Devada series ................................................... 440
Anawalt series................................................... 394 Diaz series......................................................... 441
Ashcamp series ................................................ 394 Dismalswamp series ......................................... 442
Ashdos series.................................................... 395 Donica series..................................................... 443
Ashtre series ..................................................... 396 Dosie series....................................................... 444
Badgercamp series ........................................... 397 Dugway series................................................... 445
Bareranch series............................................... 398 Emagert series .................................................. 446
Bicondoa series ................................................ 399 Emamount series .............................................. 447
Bidrim series ..................................................... 400 Esmod series..................................................... 449
Bidwell series .................................................... 401 Fendersflat series.............................................. 450
Bieber series ..................................................... 403 Fernpoint series................................................. 451
Bighat series ..................................................... 404 Ferver series ..................................................... 452
Bitner series ...................................................... 405 Fiddler series..................................................... 454
Bombadil series ................................................ 406 Fingerridge series.............................................. 455
Boulder Lake series .......................................... 407 Fitzwater series ................................................. 455
Boulderfan series .............................................. 409 Fluvaquents....................................................... 456
Bregar series..................................................... 410 Four Star series................................................. 457
Brownsbowl series ............................................ 411 Freznik series .................................................... 458
Brubeck series .................................................. 412 Fulstone series .................................................. 459
Bucklake series................................................. 413 Glasshawk series .............................................. 460
Buffaran series.................................................. 414 Gorzell series .................................................... 461
Bullump series .................................................. 416 Grassycan series............................................... 462
Buntingville series ............................................. 417 Grimlake series ................................................. 463
Burningman series ............................................ 418 Gurlidawg series................................................ 465
Cavin series ...................................................... 419 Halvert series .................................................... 466
Ceejay series .................................................... 420 Hangrock series ................................................ 467
Hapgood series ................................................. 468
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Harskel series ................................................... 469 Saltmount series................................................ 526
Hart Camp series .............................................. 470 Saraph series .................................................... 527
Hartig series ...................................................... 470 Schamp series................................................... 528
Hartner series.................................................... 471 Searles series.................................................... 529
Hashwoods series............................................. 472 Sedsked series.................................................. 530
Home Camp series ........................................... 473 Sesdah series.................................................... 531
Hovey series ..................................................... 474 Simpson series.................................................. 532
Hussa series ..................................................... 475 Skedaddle series............................................... 534
Hutchley series ................................................. 476 Skidbrackle series ............................................. 534
Indian Creek series ........................................... 477 Skullwak series.................................................. 535
Isolde series ...................................................... 478 Snag series ....................................................... 536
Jaybee series .................................................... 479 Softscrabble series............................................ 538
Jesayno series .................................................. 480 Soughe series ................................................... 539
Karlo series ....................................................... 481 Steerlake series................................................. 539
Keddie series .................................................... 482 Sumine series.................................................... 541
Langston series................................................. 483 Surprise series .................................................. 542
Leviathan series................................................ 484 Tinpan series..................................................... 543
Lolak series ....................................................... 485 Tuffo series........................................................ 544
Longdis series ................................................... 486 Tuledad series................................................... 545
Longval series ................................................... 487 Tunnison series ................................................. 546
Lotawaca series ................................................ 489 Tusune series.................................................... 547
Lyonman series................................................. 490 Uhaldi series...................................................... 548
Macnot series.................................................... 491 Updike series..................................................... 549
Madeline series................................................. 492 Valmy series...................................................... 550
Marepas series ................................................. 493 Verdico series.................................................... 551
Mazuma series.................................................. 494 Warnermount series.......................................... 552
Mcwatt series .................................................... 495 Weezweed series .............................................. 553
Medved series................................................... 496 Weimer series ................................................... 554
Menbo series..................................................... 497 Welch series...................................................... 555
Mosquet series.................................................. 498 Welltomas series ............................................... 556
Nellspring series ............................................... 499 Westbutte series................................................ 557
Nevadash series ............................................... 500 Wevit series....................................................... 558
Newlands series................................................ 501 Wylo series........................................................ 559
Ninemile series ................................................. 502 Yellowhills series ............................................... 560
Nitpac series ..................................................... 503 Zorravista series................................................ 561
Nomazu series .................................................. 504 Zorromount series ............................................. 562
Nopeg series ..................................................... 506 Zymans series ................................................... 563
Nosavvy series.................................................. 507 Use and management........................................ 565
Nowack series................................................... 508 Interpretive ratings ............................................ 565
Nutzan series .................................................... 509 Rating class terms............................................. 565
Observation series ............................................ 510 Numerical ratings .............................................. 565
Old Camp series ............................................... 511 Crops and pasture.............................................. 567
Paynepeak series ............................................. 512 Yields per acre .................................................. 567
Paypoint series ................................................. 513 Land capability classification............................. 567
Pegler series ..................................................... 515 Rangeland and forestland resource
Pickup series..................................................... 516 management.................................................. 569
Powlow series ................................................... 517 Soil-site correlation............................................ 569
Pyropatti series ................................................. 518 Ecological site descriptions ............................... 570
Raglan series .................................................... 519 Rangeland and forestland management........... 570
Ragtown series ................................................. 520 Vegetation zones of Surprise Valley-Home
Redhome series................................................ 521 Camp Area, California and Nevada ............. 571
Reywat series.................................................... 523 Wildlife considerations ...................................... 575
Rodock series ................................................... 524 Rehabilitation of disturbed habitats ................... 577
Runyon series ................................................... 525 Forest productivity and management................ 577
iv
Forest management.......................................... 578 Physical and chemical properties...................... 588
Engineering ........................................................ 581 Water features................................................... 590
Building site development ................................. 581 Soil features ...................................................... 591
Sanitary facilities ............................................... 582 References.......................................................... 593
Construction materials ...................................... 584 Glossary.............................................................. 595
Water management .......................................... 585 Tables.................................................................. 609
Soil properties.................................................... 587 Appendix........................................................... 1264
Engineering properties...................................... 587
Issued 2006
v
Index to Map Units
300—Anawalt-Ninemile association ................................... 6 341—Chalco-Rock outcrop-Pickup association ............... 61
301—Ashtre-Ashdos association........................................ 8 342—Chalco-Saraph-Tuffo association............................ 62
302—Ashtre-Ashdos-Tusune association .......................... 9 343—Chalco-Verdico-Skedaddle association .................. 64
303—Ashtre-Bitner association ........................................ 11 344—Coppersmith-Bareranch association....................... 66
304—Ashtre-Crocan association ...................................... 12 345—Cormol-Bucklake-Devada association .................... 67
305—Ashtre-Nutzan-Ashdos association ......................... 14 346—Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
306—Ashtre-Nutzan-Cavin association............................ 15 slopes ....................................................................... 69
307—Ashtre-Tusune-Brownsbowl association ................. 17 347—Couch ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes................. 70
308—Bicondoa clay .......................................................... 19 348—Couch ashy loam, clay substratum, 0 to 2 percent
309—Bicondoa-Crutcher complex .................................... 20 slopes ....................................................................... 71
310—Bidwell ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ................ 21 349—Couch-Jesayno association .................................... 72
311—Bidwell ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ................ 21 350—Couch-Nevadash association ................................. 73
312—Bitner-Ashcamp association.................................... 22 351—Cowbell-Brownsbowl association............................ 74
313—Bombadil-Brubeck association ................................ 24 352—Crazybird-Warnermount association....................... 75
314—Bombadil-Ceejay association .................................. 25 353—Crazybird-Welltomas association............................ 77
315—Bombadil-Chime association................................... 26 354—Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam........................ 79
316—Bombadil-Grassycan association............................ 28 355—Crutcher-Isolde association..................................... 80
317—Bombadil-Saraph association.................................. 29 356—Cuminvar muck ....................................................... 81
318—Boulder Lake clay .................................................... 30 357—Cuminvar muck, drained ......................................... 82
319—Boulderfan ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes .......... 31 358—Cummings ashy silty clay loam ............................... 83
320—Bregar extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent 359—Cummings mucky ashy silty clay loam ................... 84
slopes ....................................................................... 32 360—Dangvar ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes.............. 85
321—Bregar-Cavin-Brownsbowl association ................... 33 361—Dangvar ashy loam, drained, 2 to 5 percent
322—Brownsbowl-Cowbell association............................ 35 slopes ....................................................................... 86
323—Brownsbowl-Hashwoods association...................... 36 362—Davey sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes ............... 87
324—Brubeck-Diaz association........................................ 37 363—Dawgbuffer-Rock outcrop association .................... 88
325—Bucklake-Bombadil-Reywat association ................. 39 364—Devada-Bieber association ..................................... 89
326—Bucklake-Fiddler association .................................. 40 365—Devada-Bucklake association ................................. 90
327—Bucklake-Mcwatt-Rubble land association ............. 42 366—Devada-Bucklake-Softscrabble association ........... 91
328—Bucklake-Reywat association ................................. 43 367—Devada-Dosie-Rubble land association.................. 93
329—Bucklake-Rock outcrop-Corral association ............. 44 368—Devada-Dosie-Softscrabble association ................. 94
330—Bucklake-Softscrabble-Devada association............ 46 369—Devada-Hart Camp-Tunnison association .............. 96
331—Buffaran-Fulstone association................................. 47 370—Devada-Nitpac-Uhaldi association.......................... 98
332—Bullump very stony loam, 5 to 30 percent slopes.... 49 371—Devada-Reywat association.................................. 100
333—Buntingville ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ......... 50 372—Devada-Reywat-Bitner association....................... 101
334—Buntingville ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes ......... 51 373—Devada-Reywat-Rock outcrop association ........... 102
335—Cavin-Ashtre-Hutchley association ......................... 52 374—Devada-Reywat-Rubble land association ............. 104
336—Cavin-Cowbell-Rubble land association.................. 53 375—Devada-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 15 percent
337—Cavin-Hutchley association ..................................... 55 slopes ..................................................................... 105
338—Cavin-Nutzan-Snag association.............................. 56 376—Devada-Rock outcrop-Softscrabble association... 106
339—Cavin-Nutzan-Tusune association .......................... 58 377—Devada-Tuledad association................................. 107
340—Chalco-Pickup association ...................................... 60 378—Devada-Tuledad-Softscrabble association ........... 109
vii
379—Dismalswamp ashy loams, 0 to 8 percent slopes . 110 418—Harskel-Menbo association................................... 158
380—Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent 419—Harskel-Ninemile-Cowbell association.................. 159
slopes ..................................................................... 112 420—Hart Camp-Menbo association.............................. 161
381—Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent 421—Hart Camp-Ninemile association .......................... 162
slopes ..................................................................... 113 422—Hart Camp-Runyon-Ashtre association ................ 163
382—Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent 423—Hart Camp-Softscrabble association .................... 165
slopes ..................................................................... 114 424—Hartner-Rock Outcrop-Sesdah complex, 30 to 99
383—Donica very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 30 percent slopes ........................................................ 166
percent slopes ........................................................ 115 425—Home Camp-Runyon association ......................... 168
384—Donica very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent 426—Hovey silty clay loam............................................. 170
slopes ..................................................................... 116 427—Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes........ 171
385—Donica-Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loams, 5 to 15 428—Hussa ashy clay loam, clay substratum, 0 to 2
percent slopes ........................................................ 117 percent slopes ........................................................ 171
386—Dosie-Cormol association ..................................... 118 429—Hussa ashy loam, clay substratum, drained, 0 to 2
387—Dosie-Fiddler-Rubble land association ................. 120 percent slopes ........................................................ 172
388—Dosie-Rubble land association.............................. 121 430—Hussa ashy loam, drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes . 173
389—Dosie-Softscrabble associtation............................ 122 431—Hussa ashy loam, drained, 2 to 5 percent slopes . 174
390—Emagert ashy loam................................................ 124 432—Hussa ashy loam, slightly saline-alkali, 0 to 2
391—Emagert-Wetvit association................................... 125 percent slopes ........................................................ 175
392—Emamount-Grimlake association .......................... 126 433—Hussa ashy silty clay loam, seeped, 0 to 9 percent
393—Esmod very gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ..................................................................... 175
slopes ..................................................................... 127 434—Hussa ashy silty clay loam, seeped, cold, 0 to 9
394—Esmod-Hangrock association ............................... 128 percent slopes ........................................................ 176
395—Esmod-Powlow association................................... 129 435—Hussa-Couch ashy loams, 0 to 2 percent slopes . 177
396—Ferver very cobbly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent 436—Hutchley-Ashtre association.................................. 178
slopes ..................................................................... 131 437—Hutchley-Cavin-Brownsbowl association .............. 179
397—Ferver-Tunnison association ................................. 132 438—Hutchley-Cavin-Zorromount association............... 181
398—Fitzwater-Westbutte association ........................... 133 439—Hutchley-Mosquet-Brownsbowl association ......... 183
399—Fluvaquents-Riverwash complex, 2 to 8 percent 440—Hutchley-Ninemile-Nutzan association ................. 184
slopes ..................................................................... 135 441—Hutchley-Softscrabble association........................ 186
400—Four Star ashy loam .............................................. 135 442—Indian Creek-Buffaran association........................ 187
401—Four Star ashy loam, clay substratum................... 136 443—Jaybee-Verdico association .................................. 189
402—Four Star ashy loam, cold ..................................... 137 444—Keddie loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes....................... 190
403—Four Star ashy loam, seeped ................................ 138 445—Leviathan very gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent
404—Freznik very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes... 138 slopes ..................................................................... 191
405—Fulstone-Nellspring-Buffaran association ............. 140 446—Lolak silty clay ....................................................... 192
406—Fulstone-Saraph-Tuffo association ....................... 141 447—Longdis-Dugway association ................................ 193
407—Gorzell-Old Camp association .............................. 143 448—Longval gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 30
408—Gorzell-Saraph association ................................... 144 percent slopes ........................................................ 194
409—Grassycan association .......................................... 145 449—Lotawaca very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50
410—Grassycan-Rock outcrop complex, 0 to 8 percent percent slopes ........................................................ 195
slopes ..................................................................... 147 450—Lotawaca very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30
411—Gurlidawg extremely gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to percent slopes ........................................................ 196
30 percent slopes ................................................... 148 451—Lyonman gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50
412—Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes ........................................................ 198
percent slopes ........................................................ 149 452—Lyonman gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30
413—Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes ........................................................ 200
percent slopes ........................................................ 150 453—Lyonman gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 30 to 50
414—Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to percent slopes ........................................................ 201
30 percent slopes ................................................... 152 454—Lyonman gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 30
415—Halvert-Jaybee-Tunnison association ................... 153 percent slopes ........................................................ 202
416—Hangrock very gravelly ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent 455—Macnot very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 8
slopes ..................................................................... 155 percent slopes ........................................................ 204
417—Harskel-Brownsbowl-Cowbell association ............ 156 456—Macnot-Glasshawk association ............................ 205
viii
457—Macnot-Gorzell association ................................... 206 503—Paynepeak gravelly ashy loam, 4 t0 30 percent
458—Macnot-Jesayno-Nevadash association ............... 208 slopes ..................................................................... 271
459—Macnot-Mcwatt-Old Camp association ................. 209 504—Paynepeak, steep-Skidbrackle association .......... 273
460—Macnot-Nomazu complex...................................... 211 505—Paynepeak-Fendersflat association...................... 274
461—Madeline-Sumine association ............................... 213 506—Paynepeak-Fendersflat, cool association ............. 276
462—Mazuma-Bighat association .................................. 214 507—Paynepeak-Fendersflat, south aspect
463—Mcwatt-Old Camp association............................... 215 association ............................................................. 278
464—Mcwatt-Skedaddle association.............................. 216 508—Paynepeak-Fendersflat-Pyropatti association ...... 280
465—Medved gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent 509—Paynepeak-Fingeridge association....................... 282
slopes ..................................................................... 218 520—Paynepeak-Pyropatti-Fingeridge association ....... 284
466—Menbo-Softscrabble-Badgercamp association ..... 219 521—Paynepeak-Skidbrackle association ..................... 286
467—Nevadash ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent 522—Paypoint-Langston association ............................. 287
slopes ..................................................................... 220 523—Pickup-Bucklake association................................. 288
468—Nevadash ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent 524—Pickup-Nosavvy-Skedaddle association ............... 289
slopes ..................................................................... 221 525—Pits, gravel............................................................. 290
469—Nevadash ashy loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent 526—Pits-Dumps complex ............................................. 292
slopes ..................................................................... 222 527—Playas.................................................................... 293
470—Nevadash-Couch association ............................... 223 528—Pyropatti gravelly ashy loams, 2 to 30 percent
471—Nevadash-Gorzell association .............................. 224 slopes ..................................................................... 293
472—Nevadash-Jesayno association ............................ 226 529—Raglan very fine sandy loam, alkali, 0 to 2 percent
473—Nevadash-Saraph association .............................. 227 slopes ..................................................................... 295
474—Newlands-Menbo association ............................... 228 530—Raglan-Crutcher complex, 0 to 4 percent slopes.. 296
475—Ninemile-Hutchley-Crocan association ................. 229 531—Raglan-Isolde association ..................................... 297
476—Ninemile-Karlo-Crocan association....................... 231 532—Raglan-Mazuma association................................. 298
477—Ninemile-Madeline-Crocan association................. 233 533—Redhome-Cowbell association ............................. 300
478—Ninemile-Madeline-Softscrabble association ........ 235 534—Redhome-Softscrabble association ...................... 301
479—Ninemile-Madeline-Tinpan association ................. 236 535—Reywat cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes ........ 303
480—Ninemile-Softscrabble-Crocan association ........... 238 536—Reywat very stony loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes .. 303
481—Ninemile-Westbutte-Softscrabble association ...... 240 537—Reywat-Devada association.................................. 304
482—Nitpac-Tunnison-Bidrim association...................... 241 538—Reywat-Fernpoint association............................... 305
483—Nitpac-Tunnison-Devada association ................... 243 539—Reywat-Marepas association ................................ 307
484—Nomazu-Macnot association ................................. 245 540—Reywat-Rock outcrop-Marepas association ......... 308
485—Nomazu-Ragtown association .............................. 246 541—Rock outcrop-Rubble land complex, 30 to 70
486—Nopeg-Pegler association ..................................... 247 percent slopes ........................................................ 310
487—Nowack very gravelly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent 542—Rodock gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
slopes ..................................................................... 249 slopes ..................................................................... 311
488—Nowack very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 30 percent 543—Rubble land-Dosie-Menbo association ................. 312
slopes ..................................................................... 250 544—Rubble land-Home Camp complex, 30 to 75 percent
489—Nowack-Fendersflat association ........................... 252 slopes ..................................................................... 313
490—Nutzan-Cavin-Ashtre association.......................... 254 545—Rubble land-Paynepeak complex, 15 to 50 percent
491—Nutzan-Hutchley-Tusune association ................... 255 slopes ..................................................................... 315
492—Nutzan-Tusune-Ashtre association ....................... 257 546—Runyon-Hapgood association ............................... 316
493—Observation-Searles-Madeline association .......... 259 547—Saltmount silty clay loams, 0 to 30 percent
494—Old Camp gravelly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes .. 260 slopes ..................................................................... 317
495—Old Camp very gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent 548—Saraph-Ashcamp-Bitner association..................... 318
slopes ..................................................................... 261 549—Saraph-Bombadil-Macnot association .................. 319
496—Old Camp very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent 550—Saraph-Chalco association ................................... 321
slopes ..................................................................... 262 551—Saraph-Chalco-Bombadil association................... 322
497—Old Camp-Ceejay association............................... 263 552—Saraph-Hangrock-Tuffo association ..................... 324
498—Old Camp-Gorzell-Macnot association ................. 264 553—Saraph-Macnot-Tuffo association ......................... 326
499—Old Camp-Mcwatt association............................... 266 554—Saraph-Nosavvy-Tuffo association ....................... 327
500—Old Camp-Reywat-Rubble land association ......... 267 555—Saraph-Old Camp-Skedaddle association............ 329
501—Old Camp-Saraph association .............................. 269 556—Saraph-Tuffo-Old Camp association..................... 331
502—Old Camp-Skedaddle association......................... 270 557—Saraph-Tuffo-Yellowhills association .................... 332
ix
558—Schamp loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes................... 334 579—Tusune-Hartig association .................................... 359
559—Schamp stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes ....... 334 580—Updike-Longdis association .................................. 360
560—Sedsked-Skedaddle association ........................... 335 581—Updike-Mazuma association ................................. 362
561—Simpson gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent 582—Valmy fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes ...... 363
slopes ..................................................................... 337 583—Warnermount gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 15 percent
562—Simpson ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes ........... 338 slopes ..................................................................... 364
563—Simpson ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes. 339 584—Warnermount-Burningman association................. 365
564—Skullwak silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes .............. 340 585—Warnermount-Crazybird association..................... 366
565—Snag-Brownsbowl-Hashwoods association .......... 341 587—Weezweed-Emagert-Wetvit association ............... 368
566—Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent 588—Weimer clay........................................................... 370
slopes ..................................................................... 342 589—Weimer-Boulder Lake association ........................ 371
567—Softscrabble-Dosie-Hutchley association.............. 343 590—Weimer-Grimlake association ............................... 372
568—Softscrabble-Hart Camp association..................... 345 591—Welch clay loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes ................ 373
569—Softscrabble-Sumine-Hutchley association........... 346 592—Welltomas-Hartner-Rock outcrop association ...... 374
570—Soughe-Rock outcrop complex, 30 to 50 percent 593—Wylo-Bucklake-Rock outcrop association............. 376
slopes ..................................................................... 348 594—Wylo-Chalco association....................................... 377
571—Soughe-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to 30 percent 595—Wylo-Pickup association ....................................... 378
slopes ..................................................................... 349 596—Wylo-Pickup-Bucklake association ....................... 380
572—Steerlake-Reywat association ............................... 350 597—Wylo-Pickup-Ceejay association........................... 381
573—Steerlake-Wylo association ................................... 351 598—Wylo-Rock outcrop association............................. 383
574—Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent 600—Zorravista fine sand, 4 to 15 percent slopes ......... 384
slopes ..................................................................... 352 601—Zorravista-Davey-Isolde association..................... 385
575—Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent 602—Zorromount-Hutchley association ......................... 386
slopes ..................................................................... 353 603—Zymans-Cotant-Hart Camp association................ 388
576—Tuledad-Nitpac-Bidrim association ....................... 354 999—Water ..................................................................... 390
577—Tunnison-Devada-Bidrim association ................... 356
578—Tunnison-Tuledad complex, 0 to 8 percent
slopes ..................................................................... 358
x
Summary of Tables
Temperature and precipitation (table 1)................................................................................................... 611
Freeze dates in spring and fall (table 2) .................................................................................................. 613
Growing season (table 3)......................................................................................................................... 614
Acreage and proportionate extent of the soils (table 4)........................................................................... 615
Irrigated yields by map unit component (table 5)..................................................................................... 621
Rangeland productivity and characteristic plant communities (table 6) .................................................. 623
Forestland productivity (table 7) .............................................................................................................. 845
Forestland site preparation (table 8)........................................................................................................ 847
Forestland planting and harvesting (table 9) ........................................................................................... 850
Damage by fire and seedling mortality on forestland (table 10) .............................................................. 853
Forest haul roads (table 11)..................................................................................................................... 856
Hazard of erosion and suitability for roads on forestland (table 12) ........................................................ 859
Engineering properties (table 13) ............................................................................................................ 862
Physical soil properties (table 14)............................................................................................................ 957
Chemical soil properties (table 15) ........................................................................................................ 1000
Water features (table 16) ....................................................................................................................... 1043
Soil features (table 17)........................................................................................................................... 1237
Taxonomic classification of the soils (table 18) ..................................................................................... 1261
xi
Foreword
This soil survey has been developed by the Natural Resources Conservation Service, America’s Private Lands
Conservation Agency. The soil survey contains information that affects land use planning and other aspects of natural
resources conservation in this survey area. It contains predictions of soil behavior for selected land uses. The survey also
highlights soil limitations, improvements needed to overcome the limitations, and the impact of selected land uses on the
environment.
This soil survey is designed for many different users. Farmers, ranchers, foresters, and agronomists can use it to
evaluate the potential of the soil and the management needed for maximum food and fiber production. Planners,
community officials, engineers, developers, builders, and home buyers can use the survey to plan land use, select sites
for construction, and identify special practices needed to ensure proper performance. Conservationists, teachers,
students, and specialists in recreation, wildlife management, waste disposal, and pollution control can use the survey to
help them understand, protect, and enhance the environment.
Various land use regulations of Federal, State, and local governments may impose special restrictions on land use or
land treatment. The information in this report is intended to identify soil properties that are used in making various land
use or land treatment decisions. Statements made in this report are intended to help the land users identify and reduce
the effects of soil limitations on various land uses. The landowner or user is responsible for identifying and complying with
existing laws and regulations.
Great differences in soil properties can occur within short distances. Some soils are seasonally wet or subject to
flooding. Some are shallow to bedrock. Some are too unstable to be used as a foundation for buildings or roads. Clayey
or wet soils are poorly suited to use as septic tank absorption fields. A high water table makes a soil poorly suited to
basements or underground installations.
These and many other soil properties that affect land use are described in this soil survey. The location of each soil is
shown on the detailed soil maps. Each soil in the survey area is described. Information on specific uses is given for each
soil. Help in using this publication and additional information are available at the local office of the Natural Resources
Conservation Service or the Cooperative Extension Service.
LINCOLN E. BURTON
State Conservationist
Natural Resources Conservation Service
xii
Location of the Surprise Valley-Home Camp, California and Nevada Soil Survey
xv
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 1
Soil Survey of
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area,
California and Nevada
By Edward W. Blake, Natural Resources Conservation Service
Field work by Steven E. Slusser, Edward W. Blake, John B. Fisher, Steve C. Herriman
and James Komar Natural Resources Conservation Service
United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service,
in cooperation with
United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; United States Department of
Interior, Bureau of Land Management and Bureau of Indian Affairs, Regents of the
University of California (Agricultural Experiment Station), and University of Nevada
Agricultural Experiment Station.
General Nature of the Survey Area History
The original inhabitants of this survey area were the
The Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area is in the
Paiute Indians. John C. Fremont was the first explorer
northeastern part of California and northwestern part of
of the area to make recorded observations. His visit was
Nevada (see map on opposite page). The Surprise followed by those of early settlers traveling to northern
Valley part of the survey area is located mostly within California via the Applegate Road and Noble Trail that
Modoc County, California with a small part being located pass through or near this area. A serious drought
within northwestern Lassen County, California. The occurred in the California Central Valley during 1864,
Home Camp part of the area is in Washoe County, which prompted the movement of large cattle herds to
Nevada. The survey area boundary is the crest of the the productive Surprise Valley area. The first settlement
Warner Mountains on the west, and it extends to High in the area was Deep Creek, located two miles south of
Rock Canyon, in Washoe County to the east. The Cedarville, where a cabin and store were built in 1865.
northern boundary is the Oregon State line, and it In 1867 the settlement of Deep Creek was moved to the
extends south to Frog Creek in Washoe County. The site of present day Cedarville. In 1869 a wagon road
was built over Cedar Pass which connected Surprise
area includes lands administered by the Bureau of Land
Valley with the Sacramento Valley.
Management; lands administered by U.S. Forest
Service, located within the Warner Mountains; lands Industry, Transportation, and Recreation
administered by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, located
near Fort Bidwell; and privately owned lands, located With the exception of the areas immediately adjacent
primarily within Surprise Valley. to the towns of Cedarville, Eagleville, Fort Bidwell and
This soil survey updates the Surprise Valley-Home Lake City, the majority of the survey area is sparsely
Camp Area California-Nevada survey, published in populated with limited development. The primary
1974, (USDA-SCS, 1974). it provides additional industry is livestock production, most of which occurs on
information and has larger maps which show the soils in federal grazing allotments administered mainly by the
greater detail. Bureau of Land Management and the Forest Service.
2 Soil Survey of
Farming is also an important part of the economy of the breccia. Quaternary deposits occupy the basins, both as
Surprise Valley area, consisting primarily of hay lacustrine deposits from Pleistocene lakes and as more
production for livestock production. Sporadic mining has recent alluvial deposits. Remnant lake features are
occurred in the area, but there is currently no active noticeable within basin areas such as Surprise Valley,
mining. where Pleistocene Surprise Lake once existed.
The major access to the survey area is provided by
two paved state highways. State Route 299 provides Climate
east-west access to California, while State Route 81
provides the main north-south access to the Reno area The climate within the survey area is characterized
via Gerlach, Nevada. A combination of unpaved County, by generally warm dry summers and cold moist winters.
Bureau of Land Management and Forest Service roads Most precipitation occurs as snow, with higher elevation
provide access to many of the more remote parts of the areas in the Warner Mountains receiving enough snow
survey area. to last long into the summer in sheltered locations.
The survey area is actively used for recreation. The Large variations in average annual precipitation occur
area provides many opportunities to hunt and fish, bird within the survey area, ranging from less than 8 inches
watch, search for rocks, photograph the area, hike or in some of the lower valleys to about 50 inches in the
bike, operate all terrain vehicles or to simply enjoy the higher elevations of the north part of the Warner
solitude of wide open spaces. An alpine skiing facility is Mountains. Likewise, average annual air temperature
operated seasonally in the Cedar Pass area of the and frost-free period are strongly influenced by elevation
Warner Mountains. In addition, the Warner Mountains and topography. Frost-free periods range from about 30
provide excellent opportunities for hiking, with the days at some of the higher mountain locations to more
presence of two National Recreation Trails and the than 100 days in lower valley locations.
South Warner Wilderness Area. Principle game species Table 1, “Temperature and Precipitation” gives data
include mule deer, pronghorn antelope, upland game on temperature and precipitation within the survey area
birds, waterfowl, and even Rocky Mountain elk, which as recorded at Cedarville, California and nearby
inhabit parts of the Warner Mountains. Gerlach, Nevada during the period of record from 1971
to 2000. Table 2, “Freeze Dates in Spring and Fall” show
Physiography, Drainage, and Geology probable dates of the first freeze in fall and the last
freeze in spring. Table 3, “Growing Season” provides
The Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area is located on data on length of the growing season.
the northwestern part of the Great Basin, with the crest In winter, the average temperature is 31 degrees and
of the Warner Mountains forming the western boundary. the average daily minimum temperature is 21 degrees at
The area is transitional from the Basin and Range
Cedarville, and 33 degrees and 22 degrees at Gerlach.
Province to the Columbia Plateau Province. The area is
The lowest temperature on record is -28 and -30
typified by broad, elongated internally drained valleys
with long north-south trending mountain ranges and degrees, respectively at Cedarville and Gerlach. In
broad plateaus. summer, the average temperature is 67 degrees and the
The mountains and plateaus are drained by average daily maximum temperature is 82 degrees at
numerous small, intermittent and less frequent perennial Cedarville, and 72 degrees and 88 degrees at Gerlach.
streams such as Bidwell and Cedar Creeks. Drainages The highest recorded temperature is 102 degrees at
converge in basins, giving rise to numerous playas and Cedarville and 102 degrees at Gerlach.
intermittent lakes, the most prominent of these being Growing degree days are shown in table 1. They are
Lower, Middle and Upper Lakes that occur in Surprise equivalent to "heat units." During the month, growing
Valley. During periods of high spring runoff these lakes degree days accumulate by the amount that the average
and playas are covered with shallow water, typically temperature each day exceeds a base temperature (40
drying out again as summer progresses. Under
degrees F). The normal monthly accumulation is used to
unusually wet conditions water may be present in these
schedule single or successive plantings of a crop
lakes throughout the year.
Volcanic rocks dominate the geology of the survey between the last freeze in spring and the first freeze in
area. Plateaus are dominated by Miocene and Pliocene fall.
flows of basalt with less frequent andesite flows, as well The total annual precipitation is about 13 inches at
as areas of tuff associated with the High Rock Cedarville and 8.4 inches at Gerlach, of this about 32
Sequence. The Warner Mountains are dominantly percent occurs from April through September. The
composed of Tertiary and Miocene andesite and tuff growing season for most crops falls within this period.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 3
How This Survey Was Made taxonomic classes (units). Taxonomic classes are
concepts. Each taxonomic class has a set of soil
This survey was made to provide information about characteristics with precisely defined limits. The classes
the soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area. are used as a basis for comparison to classify soils
The information includes a description of the soils and systematically. Soil taxonomy, the system of taxonomic
miscellaneous areas and their location and a discussion classification used in the United States, is based mainly
of their suitability, limitations, and management for on the kind and character of soil properties and the
specified uses. Soil scientists observed the steepness, arrangement of horizons within the profile. After the soil
length, and shape of the slopes; the general pattern of scientists classified and named the soils in the survey
drainage; the kinds of native plants; and the kinds of area, they compared the individual soils with similar soils
bedrock. They dug many holes to study the soil profile, in the same taxonomic class in other areas so that they
which is the sequence of natural layers, or horizons, in a could confirm data and assemble additional data based
soil. The profile extends from the surface down into the on experience and research.
unconsolidated material in which the soil formed. While a soil survey is in progress, samples of some
The soils and miscellaneous areas in the survey area of the soils in the area generally are collected for
are in an orderly pattern that is related to the geology, laboratory analyses and for engineering tests. Soil
landforms, relief, climate, and natural vegetation of the scientists interpret the data from these analyses and
area. Each kind of soil and miscellaneous area is tests as well as the field-observed characteristics and
associated with a particular kind of landform or with a the soil properties to determine the expected behavior of
segment of the landform. By observing the soils and the soils under different uses. Interpretations for all of
miscellaneous areas in the survey area and relating their the soils are field tested through observation of the soils
position to specific segments of the landform, a soil in different uses and under different levels of
scientist develops a concept or model of how they were management. Some interpretations are modified to fit
formed. Thus, during mapping, this model enables the local conditions, and some new interpretations are
soil scientist to predict with a considerable degree of developed to meet local needs. Data are assembled
accuracy the kind of soil or miscellaneous area at a from other sources, such as research information,
specific location on the landscape. production records, and field experience of specialists.
Commonly, individual soils on the landscape merge Predictions about soil behavior are based not only on
into one another as their characteristics gradually soil properties but also on such variables as climate and
change. To construct an accurate soil map, however, biological activity. Soil conditions are predictable over
soil scientists must determine the boundaries between long periods of time, but they are not predictable from
the soils. They can observe only a limited number of soil year to year. For example, soil scientists can predict with
profiles. Nevertheless, these observations, a fairly high degree of accuracy that a given soil will
supplemented by an understanding of the soil- have a high water table within certain depths in most
vegetation-landscape relationship, are sufficient to verify years, but they cannot predict that a high water table will
predictions of the kinds of soil in an area and to always be at a specific level in the soil on a specific date.
determine the boundaries. After soil scientists located and identified the
Soil scientists recorded the characteristics of the soil significant natural bodies of soil in the survey area, they
profiles that they studied. They noted soil color, texture, drew the boundaries of these bodies on aerial
size and shape of soil aggregates, kind and amount of photographs and identified each as a specific map unit.
rock fragments, distribution of plant roots, reaction, and Aerial photographs show drainage, vegetative and
other features that enable them to identify soils. After geologic patterns, landforms and roads, all of which help
describing the soils in the survey area and determining in locating boundaries accurately.
their properties, the soil scientists assigned the soils to
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 5
Detailed Soil Map Units
The map units on the detailed maps in this in the map unit descriptions. A few included areas may
publication represent the soils or miscellaneous areas in not have been observed, and consequently they are not
the survey area. The map unit descriptions in this mentioned in the descriptions, especially where the
section, along with the maps, can be used to determine pattern was so complex that it was impractical to make
the suitability and potential of a unit for specific uses. enough observations to identify all the soils and
They also can be used to plan the management needed miscellaneous areas on the landscape.
for those uses. More information about each map unit is The presence of included areas in a map unit in no
given under the headings "Use and Management of the way diminishes the usefulness or accuracy of the data.
Soils" and "Soil Properties." A map unit delineation on The objective of mapping is not to delineate pure
the detailed soil maps represents an area dominated by taxonomic classes but rather to separate the landscape
one or more soils or miscellaneous areas. A map unit is into segments that have similar use and management
identified and named according to the taxonomic requirements. The delineation of such landscape
classification of the dominant soils or miscellaneous segments on the map provides sufficient information for
areas. Within a taxonomic class there are precisely the development of resource plans, but if intensive use
defined limits for the properties of the soils. On the of small areas is planned, onsite investigation is needed
landscape, however, the soils and miscellaneous areas to define and locate the soils and miscellaneous areas.
are natural phenomena, and they have the characteristic An identifying symbol precedes the map unit name in
variability of all natural phenomena. Thus, the range of the map unit descriptions. Each description includes
some observed properties may extend beyond the limits general facts about the unit. The principal hazards and
defined for a taxonomic class. Areas of soils of a single limitations to be considered in planning for specific uses
taxonomic class rarely, if ever, are mapped without are identified in the tables and narrative.
including areas of other taxonomic classes.
Consequently, map units are made up of the soils or
miscellaneous areas for which they are named and Kinds of Map Units
some "included" areas that belong to other taxonomic
classes. Soils that have profiles that are almost alike make up
Most included soils have properties and behavioral a soil series. Except for differences in texture of the
characteristics similar to those of the dominant soil or surface layer, all the soils of a series have major
soils in the map unit, and thus they do not affect use and horizons that are similar in composition, thickness, and
management. These are called noncontrasting, or arrangement.
similar, inclusions. They may or may not be mentioned in Soils of one series can differ in texture of the surface
the map unit description. Other included soils and layer, slope, stoniness, salinity, wetness, degree of
miscellaneous areas, however, have properties and erosion, and other characteristics that affect their use.
behavioral characteristics divergent enough to affect use
On the basis of such differences, a soil series is divided
or to require different management. These are called
into soil phases. Some of the areas shown on the
contrasting, or dissimilar, inclusions. They generally are
in small areas and could not be mapped separately detailed soil maps are phases of soil series. The name
because of the scale used. Some small areas of strongly of a soil phase commonly indicates a feature that affects
contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are identified by use or management. For example, Hussa ashy loam,
a special symbol on the maps. The included areas of drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes is a phase of the Hussa
contrasting soils or miscellaneous areas are mentioned series.
6 Soil Survey of
Some map units are made up of two or more major climate, topography, vegetation, water resources, soils
soils or miscellaneous areas. These map units are and land use (5). This section identifies the landscape in
complexes or associations. A complex consists of two or which the map unit is located. The landscape positions
more soils or miscellaneous areas in such an intricate given for the entire map unit generally are broader than
pattern or in such small areas that they cannot be shown those given for each component.
separately on the maps. The pattern and proportion of Composition is given for the components (soils or
the soils or miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar in miscellaneous areas) identified in the name of the map
all areas. Rubble land-Paynepeak complex, 15 to 50 unit as well as for the contrasting inclusions. Contrasting
percent slopes is an example. inclusions are inextensive components that differ in use
An association is made up of two or more and management from the soils or miscellaneous areas
geographically associated soils or miscellaneous areas for which the map unit is named. As was explained
that are shown as one unit on the maps. Because of earlier, inclusions can either be similar or contrasting.
present or anticipated uses of the map units in the Note that in the Composition section a single percentage
survey area, it was not considered practical or necessary is provided for a named soil and its similar inclusions
to map the soils or miscellaneous areas separately. The because their use and management are similar.
pattern and relative proportion of the soils or Component Description lists the characteristics of
miscellaneous areas are somewhat similar. the major components. These include landform, parent
Softscrabble-Dosie-Hutchley association is an example. material, typical vegetation, a brief profile description,
This survey includes miscellaneous areas. Such slope, runoff, available water capacity, drainage class,
areas have little or no soil material and support little or and other important properties of the soil. Also provided
no vegetation. Rock outcrop is an example.
are important interpretive groups including land
capability classification and ecological site numbers.
Acreage and Extent Ecological Site is the assigned rangeland or grazed
forest land ecological site that identifies a unique
Table 4, “Acreage and Proportionate Extent of the potential native plant community. The plant species and
Soils”, gives the acreage and proportionate extent of production typical of each rangeland ecological site are
each map unit. Other tables (see "Summary of Tables") listed by map unit in Table 6, "Rangeland Ecological
give properties of the soils and the limitations, Sites, Productivity and Characteristic Vegetation".
capabilities, and potentials for many uses. The Glossary Additional information about managing these sites is
defines many of the terms used in describing the soils or provided under the heading "Rangeland and Forest
miscellaneous areas. Land Resource Management" in this publication. Further
information also can be obtained from the local office of
the Natural Resources Conservation Service.
Headings and Introductory Phrases Contrasting Inclusions lists additional information
about the soils of minor extent in the map unit. The
In the map unit descriptions that follow, a semi-
slope, landform, typical vegetation, and ecological site
tabular format is used. In this format the major headings
are centered in the column (for example, Composition). number are listed for each soil or miscellaneous area as
They identify the information grouped directly below appropriate.
them. Introducing each item of information under the
centered heading is a term or phrase (for example,
Landform) that identifies or describes the information. Map Unit Descriptions
Many of the centered headings and introductory terms
are self-explanatory; however, some of them need 300—Anawalt-Ninemile association
further explanation and are defined in the Glossary.
Explanations of the headings and introductory phrases Map Unit Setting
are provided in the following paragraphs, generally in the MLRA: 21
order in which they are used in the map unit Landscape: Plateau
descriptions. Elevation: 5,600 to 6,200
Map Unit Setting is given for the entire map unit. The Precipitation: 10 to 13 inches
MLRA, or major land resource area, is listed first. The Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
MLRA is a broad ecological area with characteristic Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 7
Composition Component Description
Anawalt very stony loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes—50 Ninemile and similar soils
percent Landform: Summits of plateaus
Ninemile very stony loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes—30 Slope: 5 to 15 percent
percent Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
Puls very stony loam, 5 to 9 percent slopes—5 percent and residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Madeline very stony loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes—5 Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush
percent squirreltail, antelope bitterbrush, Idaho fescue,
Tunnison very cobbly clay, 5 to 9 percent slopes—4 balsamroot, low sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass,
percent bluegrass
Indiano very stony loam, 9 to 15 percent slopes—3
percent Typical profile:
Rock outcrop, 9 to 15 percent slopes—2 percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very stony loam
Rubble land, 9 to 15 percent slopes—1 percent Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; clay
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; gravelly clay
Component Description Layer 4—18 to 28 inches; bedrock
Anawalt and similar soils
Landform: Summits of plateaus See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 5 to 15 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Parent material: Colluvium derived from andesite and
basalt and residuum weathered from basalt or Component Properties and Qualities
andesite Runoff: High
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, low Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
sagebrush, Idaho fescue, Sandberg bluegrass, inches
antelope bitterbrush, Thurber's needlegrass Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
(Permeability class: Very slow)
Typical profile:
Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Surface rock fragments: About 15 percent stones, 20
Present flooding: None
percent cobbles
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very stony loam Present ponding: None
Layer 2—4 to 16 inches; gravelly clay Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 3—16 to 20 inches; bedrock
Interpretive Groups
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Soil Properties” table for more information. Ecological site: R021XE173CA—Shallow stony loam 12-
16"
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
inches section.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Contrasting Inclusions
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Puls and similar soils
Present flooding: None Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Present ponding: None Slope: 5 to 9 percent
Natural drainage class: Well drained Landform: Plateaus
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, antelope
Interpretive Groups bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, low sagebrush,
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Idaho fescue, bluegrass
Ecological site: R021XE173CA—Shallow stony loam 12- Ecological site: R021XE173CA—Shallow stony loam 12-
16" 16"
8 Soil Survey of
Madeline and similar soils Frost-free period: 70 to 100 days
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 5 to 15 percent, north aspect Composition
Landform: North facing backslopes of plateaus Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big 60 percent
sagebrush, Idaho fescue, antelope bitterbrush, Ashdos very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 30
Thurber's needlegrass percent slopes—25 percent
Ecological site: R021XE174CA—Stony loam 12-16" Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—7 percent
Tunnison and similar soils Ninemile very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—5
Composition: 0 to 4 percent percent
Slope: 5 to 9 percent Bitner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Landform: Plateaus slopes—3 percent
Typical vegetation: Beardless wildrye, littleleaf
horsebrush, Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush Component Description
squirreltail, rubber rabbitbrush, big sagebrush, Ashtre and similar soils
western wheatgrass Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Ecological site: R023XF093CA—Shallow clay 9-16" Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
Indiano and similar soils and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, other shrubs, mountain
Slope: 9 to 15 percent big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, bluegrass,
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, basin Idaho fescue
wildrye, antelope bitterbrush, Thurber's needlegrass,
bluebunch wheatgrass Typical profile:
Ecological site: R021XE179CA—Warm stony loam 12- Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
16" Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam
Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam
Rock outcrop Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 9 to 15 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Plateaus Soil Properties” table for more information.
Rubble land Component Properties and Qualities
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Runoff: High
Slope: 9 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
Landform: Plateaus inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Management Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
For information about managing this map unit, see the slow)
following sections and associated tables in this Available water capacity: About 5 inches
publication: Present flooding: None
"Range" section Present ponding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
301—Ashtre-Ashdos association Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Hills Component Description
Elevation: 4,840 to 6,630 Ashdos and similar soils
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 9
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, bluegrass, other
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass, other
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluegrass, perennial forbs, low sagebrush, Thurber's
Idaho fescue, low sagebrush, needlegrass, other needlegrass, other shrubs
shrubs Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z.
Typical profile: Bitner and similar soils
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy fine sandy Composition: 0 to 3 percent
loam Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Layer 2—2 to 12 inches; gravelly ashy fine sandy loam Landform: Shoulders of hills
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly ashy sandy clay loam Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Layer 4—24 to 60 inches; bedrock big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, Thurber's
needlegrass
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12
Soil Properties” table for more information. P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities Management
Runoff: High For information about managing this map unit, see the
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 following sections and associated tables in this
inches publication:
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): "Range" section
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
slow)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Present flooding: None 302—Ashtre-Ashdos-Tusune association
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
Interpretive Groups Landscape: Plateau
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Elevation: 5,730 to 6,610
Ecological site: R023XY079NV—Ashy claypan (cool) 10- Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
14 P.Z. Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 60 to 100 days
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Composition
section. Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—
40 percent
Contrasting Inclusions Ashdos very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 15 to 30
Nutzan and similar soils percent slopes—30 percent
Composition: 0 to 7 percent Tusune gravelly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—20
Slope: 4 to 15 percent percent
Landform: Summits of hills Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other perennial slopes—6 percent
forbs, other perennial grasses, Idaho fescue, Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush, other shrubs slopes—3 percent
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z. Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 8 to
30 percent slopes—1 percent
Ninemile and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Component Description
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Ashtre and similar soils
Landform: Hills Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
10 Soil Survey of
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock inches
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
shrubs, needlegrass, other perennial forbs, slow)
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, Available water capacity: About 4 inches
bluegrass, Idaho fescue Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock Ecological site: R023XY079NV—Ashy claypan (cool) 10-
14 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Component Description
Tusune and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Landform: Footslopes of plateaus
Runoff: High Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
inches pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Idaho fescue, Cusick's
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial
slow) forbs, mountain big sagebrush
Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Present flooding: None Typical profile:
Present ponding: None Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 2
Natural drainage class: Well drained percent cobbles, 28 percent gravel
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Interpretive Groups Layer 2—2 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Layer 3—10 to 38 inches; very gravelly ashy clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. Layer 4—38 to 48 inches; bedrock
Component Description See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ashdos and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock Runoff: Very high
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, low sagebrush, Idaho inches
fescue, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Typical profile: Available water capacity: About 7 inches
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy fine sandy Present flooding: None
loam Present ponding: None
Layer 2—2 to 12 inches; gravelly ashy fine sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly ashy sandy clay loam
Layer 4—24 to 60 inches; bedrock Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY054NV—Steep north slope
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Component Properties and Qualities characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Runoff: Very high section.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 11
Contrasting Inclusions Bitner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Hutchley and similar soils slopes—35 percent
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Bitner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent slopes—6 percent
Landform: Summits of plateaus Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other perennial slopes—5 percent
forbs, basin wildrye, Idaho fescue, mountain big Devada very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—3
sagebrush, needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass percent
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge Ashdos very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15
percent slopes—1 percent
Nutzan and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Component Description
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Ashtre and similar soils
Landform: Summits of plateaus Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other Slope: 4 to 15 percent
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, antelope Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
bitterbrush, other shrubs, needlegrass, Idaho fescue and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z. Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
bluegrass, other perennial grasses, bluebunch
Zorromount and similar soils wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big
Composition: 0 to 1 percent sagebrush, other shrubs
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, west to east aspects
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of Typical profile:
mountains Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, mountain big Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam
sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany, Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam
needlegrass, Cusick's bluegrass, bluebunch Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock
wheatgrass
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the Component Properties and Qualities
following sections and associated tables in this Runoff: High
publication: Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
"Range" section inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
303—Ashtre-Bitner association Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Present flooding: None
Map Unit Setting Present ponding: None
MLRA: 23 Natural drainage class: Well drained
Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,240 to 6,710 Interpretive Groups
Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Air temperature: 43 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z.
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Component Description
Composition Bitner and similar soils
Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes— Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
50 percent Slope: 4 to 15 percent
12 Soil Survey of
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Devada and similar soils
pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho Slope: 4 to 15 percent
fescue, antelope bitterbrush, big sagebrush, Landform: Summits of plateaus
Thurber's needlegrass Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other
perennial forbs, bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass,
Typical profile: low sagebrush
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Layer 2—7 to 13 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Ashdos and similar soils
Layer 4—27 to 37 inches; bedrock Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Soil Properties” table for more information. Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, low sagebrush, Idaho
fescue, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: R023XY079NV—Ashy claypan (cool) 10-
Runoff: High 14 P.Z.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
inches Management
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, For information about managing this map unit, see the
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) following sections and associated tables in this
Available water capacity: About 4 inches publication:
Present flooding: None "Range" section
Present ponding: None "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups 304—Ashtre-Crocan association
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12 Map Unit Setting
P.Z. MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Elevation: 5,740 to 6,690
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
section. Air temperature: 42 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 60 to 100 days
Contrasting Inclusions
Bitner and similar soils Composition
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—
Slope: 15 to 30 percent 60 percent
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus Crocan extremely stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, antelope bitterbrush, 25 percent
big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to
needlegrass 30 percent slopes—6 percent
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12 Redhome cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—4
P.Z. percent
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent
Nutzan and similar soils slopes—3 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Slope: 4 to 30 percent slopes—2 percent
Landform: Summits of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, other Component Description
perennial grasses, mountain big sagebrush, other Ashtre and similar soils
shrubs, antelope bitterbrush, other perennial forbs Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z. Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 13
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
bluegrass, other perennial grasses, bluebunch Component Properties and Qualities
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big Runoff: High
sagebrush, other shrubs Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 14
inches
Typical profile: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam (Permeability class: Very slow)
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam Present flooding: None
Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: F023XY095NV
Runoff: High
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
inches
section.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Contrasting Inclusions
slow) Cowbell and similar soils
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Present flooding: None Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Present ponding: None Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
Natural drainage class: Well drained plateaus
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
Interpretive Groups bluebunch wheatgrass, Cusick's bluegrass, mountain
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e big sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Component Description Redhome and similar soils
Crocan and similar soils Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Landform: Plateau rims Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, basin
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Forest understory—western needlegrass, Thurber's mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush
needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Canby bluegrass, Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Cusick's bluegrass, other perennial grasses,
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, low Nutzan and similar soils
sagebrush, western juniper, other shrubs Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Site index: Western juniper—12 at an age base of 50 Slope: 8 to 15 percent
years Landform: Summits of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, other
Typical profile: perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain
Surface rock fragments: About 18 percent stones big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely stony loam Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Layer 2—3 to 5 inches; clay loam
Layer 3—5 to 14 inches; clay Hashwoods and similar soils
Layer 4—14 to 24 inches; bedrock Composition: 0 to 2 percent
14 Soil Survey of
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, northwest to northeast aspects Typical profile:
Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on plateaus Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam
Forest understory—mountain brome, slender Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam
wheatgrass, Nevada bluegrass, other perennial Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock
grasses, other perennial forbs, other shrubs,
snowberry, quaking aspen See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: F023XY028NV Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: High
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
publication: inches
"Range" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Forest land" section Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections slow)
Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Present flooding: None
305—Ashtre-Nutzan-Ashdos association Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Interpretive Groups
Landscape: Plateau Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Elevation: 5,060 to 6,810 Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z.
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Component Description
Frost-free period: 60 to 100 days Nutzan and similar soils
Landform: Summits of plateaus
Composition Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes— Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
50 percent pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, mountain big
slopes—20 percent sagebrush, other perennial forbs, needlegrass, Idaho
Ashdos very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 fescue, other shrubs, other perennial grasses
percent slopes—15 percent
Rock outcrop—8 percent Typical profile:
Tusune gravelly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—4 Surface rock fragments: About 4 percent stones
percent Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 2—10 to 17 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
slopes—2 percent Layer 3—17 to 28 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 4 to Layer 4—28 to 36 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
30 percent slopes—1 percent coarse sandy loam
Layer 5—36 to 46 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Ashtre and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock Component Properties and Qualities
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Runoff: High
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, bluebunch Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big inches
sagebrush, other shrubs, bluegrass, needlegrass, Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Idaho fescue (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 15
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Landform: Plateaus
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Tusune and similar soils
Natural drainage class: Well drained Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Interpretive Groups Landform: Footslopes of plateaus
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Idaho fescue, Cusick's
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z. bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial
forbs, mountain big sagebrush
Component Description Ecological site: R023XY054NV—Steep north slope
Ashdos and similar soils
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows Hutchley and similar soils
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock Slope: 4 to 15 percent
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Landform: Summits of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, low sagebrush, other Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, basin
perennial forbs, bluegrass, needlegrass, other shrubs wildrye, mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, antelope
Typical profile: bitterbrush
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy fine sandy Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
loam
Layer 2—2 to 12 inches; gravelly ashy fine sandy loam Zorromount and similar soils
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly ashy sandy clay loam Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Layer 4—24 to 60 inches; bedrock Slope: 4 to 30 percent, west to east aspects
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical plateaus
Soil Properties” table for more information. Typical vegetation: Cusick's bluegrass, bluebunch
wheatgrass, curlleaf mountainmahogany, Idaho
Component Properties and Qualities fescue, mountain big sagebrush, needlegrass
Runoff: High Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
inches Management
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): For information about managing this map unit, see the
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately following sections and associated tables in this
slow) publication:
Available water capacity: About 4 inches "Range" section
Present flooding: None "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
306—Ashtre-Nutzan-Cavin association
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Map Unit Setting
Ecological site: R023XY079NV—Ashy claypan (cool) 10- MLRA: 23
14 P.Z. Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 6,000 to 7,420
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
section. Frost-free period: 60 to 100 days
Contrasting Inclusions Composition
Rock outcrop Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—
Composition: 0 to 8 percent 40 percent
16 Soil Survey of
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, needlegrass, other
slopes—30 percent perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain
Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs
slopes—15 percent
Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 8 to Typical profile:
30 percent slopes—6 percent Surface rock fragments: About 4 percent stones
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
slopes—5 percent Layer 2—10 to 17 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Ashdos very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 Layer 3—17 to 28 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
percent slopes—4 percent Layer 4—28 to 36 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
coarse sandy loam
Component Description Layer 5—36 to 46 inches; bedrock
Ashtre and similar soils
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other Runoff: High
perennial forbs, other shrubs, mountain big Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
sagebrush, other perennial grasses, needlegrass, inches
bluegrass, Idaho fescue Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Typical profile: Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam Present flooding: None
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock
Interpretive Groups
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Soil Properties” table for more information. Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities Component Description
Runoff: High Cavin and similar soils
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of
inches mountains
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
slow) from volcanic rock
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Cusick's
Present flooding: None bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big
Present ponding: None sagebrush, other perennial forbs
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Interpretive Groups Surface rock fragments: About 4 percent stones
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Component Description Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Nutzan and similar soils Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very
Landform: Summits of plateaus fine sandy loam
Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks Soil Properties” table for more information.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 17
Component Properties and Qualities "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Runoff: Low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) 307—Ashtre-Tusune-Brownsbowl
Available water capacity: About 3 inches association
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Map Unit Setting
Natural drainage class: Well drained MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau
Interpretive Groups Elevation: 5,610 to 6,700
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- Air temperature: 42 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
18 P.Z. Frost-free period: 60 to 100 days
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Composition
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 30 percent
section. slopes—50 percent
Tusune gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—20
Contrasting Inclusions percent
Zorromount and similar soils Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Composition: 0 to 6 percent slopes—15 percent
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, west to east aspects Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of slopes—6 percent
mountains Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to
Typical vegetation: Cusick's bluegrass, curlleaf 30 percent slopes—5 percent
mountainmahogany, mountain big sagebrush, Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent
bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, needlegrass slopes—2 percent
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna Rock outcrop—1 percent
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Hutchley and similar soils slopes—1 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Component Description
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Ashtre and similar soils
Landform: Summits of mountains
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, antelope
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass,
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
basin wildrye, Idaho fescue, mountain big sagebrush
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other
perennial grasses, bluegrass, Idaho fescue,
Ashdos and similar soils
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
sagebrush, other shrubs
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, low sagebrush, Idaho Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
fescue, bluegrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam
Ecological site: R023XY079NV—Ashy claypan (cool) 10- Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam
14 P.Z. Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock
Management See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: Very high
18 Soil Survey of
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
inches from andesite
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, melic,
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Idaho fescue,
slow) mountain big sagebrush
Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Present flooding: None Typical profile:
Present ponding: None Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Natural drainage class: Well drained Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam
Interpretive Groups Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. sandy loam
Component Description See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Tusune and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Footslopes of plateaus
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Runoff: Medium
pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush, other Available water capacity: About 6 inches
shrubs, Cusick's bluegrass, Idaho fescue Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Well drained
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 2
percent cobbles, 28 percent gravel Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly ashy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
Layer 2—2 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy loam Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z.
Layer 3—10 to 38 inches; very gravelly ashy clay loam
Layer 4—38 to 48 inches; bedrock Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical section.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Contrasting Inclusions
Component Properties and Qualities Nutzan and similar soils
Runoff: Very high Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Slope: 15 to 30 percent
inches Landform: Summits of plateaus
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, other
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain
Available water capacity: About 7 inches
big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs
Present flooding: None
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Cowbell and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Interpretive Groups
Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
Ecological site: R023XY054NV—Steep north slope
plateaus
Component Description Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
Brownsbowl and similar soils bluebunch wheatgrass, Cusick's bluegrass, mountain
Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on plateaus big sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, northeast to northwest aspects Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 19
Cavin and similar soils Parent material: Alluvium derived from basalt and/or
Composition: 0 to 2 percent alluvium derived from tuff
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to west aspects
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of plateaus Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Cusick's Layer 1—0 to 11 inches; clay
bluegrass, other perennial forbs, bluebunch Layer 2—11 to 62 inches; clay
wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
18 P.Z. Soil Properties” table for more information.
Rock outcrop Component Properties and Qualities
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Runoff: Medium
Landform: Ridges Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Snag and similar soils Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Available water capacity: About 8 inches
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Present flooding: Occasional
Landform: Ground moraines Present ponding: None
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, Idaho Water table: Present
fescue, basin wildrye, bluegrass, other perennial Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain big
sagebrush, other shrubs, snowberry Interpretive Groups
Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z. Irrigated land capability: 4w
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
following sections and associated tables in this characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
publication: section.
"Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Contrasting Inclusions
Cuminvar and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
308—Bicondoa clay Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake terraces
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Hussa and similar soils
Landscape: Basin Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Elevation: 4,470 to 4,530 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Precipitation: 7 to 12 inches Landform: Lake terraces
Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 70 to 90 days Crutcher and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Composition Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Bicondoa clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent Landform: Alluvial flats
Cuminvar muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, Nevada
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent bluegrass, basin wildrye, inland saltgrass
Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
slopes—2 percent
Management
Component Description For information about managing this map unit, see the
Bicondoa and similar soils following sections and associated tables in this
Landform: Flood plains publication:
Slope: 0 to 2 percent "Range" section
20 Soil Survey of
"Crops and Pasture" section Component Description
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Crutcher and similar soils
Landform: Alluvial flats
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
309—Bicondoa-Crutcher complex Parent material: Volcanic ash and alluvium over
lacustrine deposits
Map Unit Setting Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, basin wildrye,
MLRA: 23 inland saltgrass, black greasewood
Landscape: Basin
Elevation: 4,470 to 4,520 Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; ashy very fine sandy loam
Precipitation: 7 to 12 inches
Layer 2—5 to 15 inches; ashy loam
Air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Layer 3—15 to 22 inches; ashy silt loam
Frost-free period: 70 to 120 days Layer 4—22 to 43 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to
ashy silty clay loam
Composition Layer 5—43 to 74 inches; paragravelly ashy silty clay
Bicondoa clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—60 percent loam
Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
slopes—30 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—6 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Cuminvar muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: Very low
Bicondoa and similar soils Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Landform: Flood plains (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
Parent material: Alluvium derived from basalt and/or Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
alluvium derived from tuff Available water capacity: About 11 inches
Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, Nevada Present flooding: Rare
bluegrass, basin wildrye, inland saltgrass Present ponding: None
Water table: Present
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Layer 1—0 to 11 inches; clay
Layer 2—11 to 62 inches; clay Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Component Properties and Qualities characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Runoff: Medium section.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Contrasting Inclusions
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Lolak and similar soils
Salinity: Saline within 40 inches Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Available water capacity: About 8 inches Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Present flooding: Occasional Landform: Lake terraces
Present ponding: None Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
Water table: Present Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
Interpretive Groups Cuminvar and similar soils
Irrigated land capability: 4w Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Landform: Lake terraces
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 21
Management Interpretive Groups
For information about managing this map unit, see the Irrigated land capability: 3s
following sections and associated tables in this Nonirrigated land capability: 4s
publication: Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
"Range" section P.Z.
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
310—Bidwell ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent
slopes Contrasting Inclusions
Surprise and similar soils
Map Unit Setting Composition: 0 to 7 percent
MLRA: 23 Slope: 2 to 5 percent
Landscape: Fan piedmont Landform: Fan remnants
Elevation: 4,460 to 4,770 Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, other shrubs,
Precipitation: 12 to 15 inches antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, other perennial
Frost-free period: 80 to 130 days forbs
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Composition P.Z.
Bidwell ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent
Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent Buntingville and similar soils
slopes—7 percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Buntingville ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Fan remnants
Component Description
Bidwell and similar soils Management
Landform: Fan remnants For information about managing this map unit, see the
Slope: 0 to 2 percent following sections and associated tables in this
Parent material: Alluvium derived from tuff publication:
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, big sagebrush, Thurber's "Range" section
needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs, "Crops and Pasture" section
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; ashy loam 311—Bidwell ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent
Layer 2—4 to 32 inches; ashy clay loam slopes
Layer 3—32 to 73 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Map Unit Setting
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical MLRA: 23
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landscape: Fan piedmont
Elevation: 4,460 to 4,810
Component Properties and Qualities Precipitation: 12 to 15 inches
Runoff: Low Air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Frost-free period: 80 to 130 days
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow) Composition
Available water capacity: About 11 inches Bidwell ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—85 percent
Present flooding: None Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent
Present ponding: None slopes—7 percent
Natural drainage class: Well drained Dangvar ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—3 percent
22 Soil Survey of
Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent Slope: 2 to 5 percent
slopes—3 percent Landform: Summits of lake terraces
Buntingville ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—2 percent Typical vegetation: Lemmon's alkaligrass, other
perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass, basin wildrye,
Component Description inland saltgrass
Bidwell and similar soils Ecological site: R023XY002NV—Saline meadow
Landform: Fan remnants
Slope: 2 to 5 percent Donica and similar soils
Parent material: Alluvium derived from tuff Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, Slope: 2 to 5 percent
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, Landform: Fan remnants
antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs, big sagebrush Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass,
other perennial forbs, big sagebrush, other shrubs,
Typical profile: bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; ashy loam Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Layer 2—4 to 32 inches; ashy clay loam P.Z.
Layer 3—32 to 73 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Buntingville and similar soils
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information. Slope: 2 to 5 percent
Landform: Fan remnants
Component Properties and Qualities Typical vegetation: Sedge, Nevada bluegrass, other
Runoff: Low perennial grasses, other perennial forbs
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow) Management
Available water capacity: About 11 inches For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present flooding: None following sections and associated tables in this
Present ponding: None publication:
Natural drainage class: Well drained "Range" section
"Crops and Pasture" section
Interpretive Groups
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Irrigated land capability: 3e
Nonirrigated land capability: 4e
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
312—Bitner-Ashcamp association
P.Z.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Map Unit Setting
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" MLRA: 23
section. Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,660 to 6,310
Contrasting Inclusions Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Surprise and similar soils Air temperature: 44 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit
Composition: 0 to 7 percent Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Slope: 2 to 5 percent
Landform: Fan remnants Composition
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, big sagebrush, Bitner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent
Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, slopes—50 percent
bluegrass, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs Ashcamp ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—35
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14 percent
P.Z. Devada very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—6
percent
Dangvar and similar soils Bucklake very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—5
Composition: 0 to 3 percent percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 23
Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes— Layer 3—7 to 23 inches; bedrock
2 percent
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—2 See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description Component Properties and Qualities
Bitner and similar soils Runoff: High
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 7 to 14
Slope: 4 to 30 percent inches
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, Available water capacity: About 1.1 inches
big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, Thurber's Present flooding: None
needlegrass Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—7 to 13 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z.
Layer 4—27 to 37 inches; bedrock
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Soil Properties” table for more information. section.
Component Properties and Qualities Contrasting Inclusions
Runoff: High Devada and similar soils
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Composition: 0 to 6 percent
inches Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Landform: Summits of plateaus
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, low
Available water capacity: About 4 inches sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial
Present flooding: None forbs, bluegrass
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Bucklake and similar soils
Interpretive Groups Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12 Landform: Plateaus
P.Z. Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, antelope bitterbrush,
Wyoming big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Component Description Thurber's needlegrass
Ashcamp and similar soils Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus P.Z.
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock Ashtre and similar soils
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch Slope: 4 to 15 percent
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, big sagebrush Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, bluegrass, other
Typical profile: perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; ashy sandy loam needlegrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big
Layer 2—3 to 7 inches; ashy sandy loam sagebrush, other shrubs
24 Soil Survey of
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loam
Layer 2—2 to 6 inches; gravelly loam
Reywat and similar soils Layer 3—6 to 10 inches; gravelly clay loam
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Layer 4—10 to 24 inches; bedrock
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of long See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
and narrow plateaus Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope
bitterbrush, Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's Component Properties and Qualities
needlegrass, basin wildrye Runoff: High
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
P.Z. inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Management Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
For information about managing this map unit, see the slow)
following sections and associated tables in this Available water capacity: About 1.6 inches
publication: Present flooding: None
"Range" section Present ponding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
313—Bombadil-Brubeck association Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Component Description
Landscape: Plateau Brubeck and similar soils
Elevation: 5,240 to 5,610 Landform: Backslopes of upper plateaus
Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches Slope: 4 to 8 percent
Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Frost-free period: 60 to 110 days volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, thickspike
Composition wheatgrass, creeping wildrye, other perennial
Bombadil gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—55 grasses, other perennial forbs, basin big sagebrush,
percent other shrubs, rubber rabbitbrush, littleleaf horsebrush
Brubeck very cobbly clay, 4 to 8 percent slopes—35
percent Typical profile:
Cormol very cobbly ashy loam, 15 to 30 percent Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent stones
slopes—4 percent Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very cobbly clay
Ceejay very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—3 Layer 2—3 to 23 inches; clay
percent Layer 3—23 to 29 inches; clay
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—3 Layer 4—29 to 39 inches; bedrock
percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Component Description Soil Properties” table for more information.
Bombadil and similar soils
Landform: Summits of upper plateaus Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Runoff: High
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian inches
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Typical profile: Present flooding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones Present ponding: None
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 25
Natural drainage class: Well drained 314—Bombadil-Ceejay association
Interpretive Groups Map Unit Setting
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s MLRA: 23
Ecological site: R023XY033NV—Clayey 10-14 P.Z. Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 4,860 to 6,440
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit
section. Frost-free period: 80 to 110 days
Contrasting Inclusions Composition
Cormol and similar soils Bombadil cobbly loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—45
Composition: 0 to 4 percent percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to southwest aspects Ceejay gravelly loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—40
Landform: East to southwest aspects on backslopes of percent
plateaus Saraph very cobbly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Wyoming big slopes—5 percent
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—4
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye,
percent
Thurber's needlegrass
Ceejay very stony fine sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 slopes—3 percent
P.Z. Ferver very cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2
percent
Ceejay and similar soils
Rock outcrop—1 percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Component Description
Landform: Backslopes of smooth upper plateaus Bombadil and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Lahontan Landform: Summits of plateaus
sagebrush, other shrubs, Webber needlegrass, Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Thurber's needlegrass, other perennial forbs Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12 Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian
P.Z. ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
Reywat and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Typical profile:
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Surface rock fragments: About 6 percent stones, 13
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of long percent cobbles, 13 percent gravel
and narrow plateaus
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; cobbly loam
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
Layer 2—3 to 6 inches; gravelly loam
wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, antelope
bitterbrush, basin wildrye Layer 3—6 to 14 inches; gravelly clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Layer 4—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Management Soil Properties” table for more information.
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this Component Properties and Qualities
publication: Runoff: High
"Range" section Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections inches
26 Soil Survey of
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Landform: Summits of rock pediments
slow) Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
Available water capacity: About 2 inches perennial grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
Present flooding: None needlegrass, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Reywat and similar soils
Interpretive Groups Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, bluebunch
Component Description wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, antelope
Ceejay and similar soils bitterbrush, Wyoming big sagebrush
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Slope: 4 to 30 percent P.Z.
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock Ceejay and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Webber needlegrass, other shrubs, Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial forbs, Thurber's Slope: 15 to 50 percent
needlegrass, Indian ricegrass Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial
Typical profile:
forbs, other shrubs, Webber needlegrass, Thurber's
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 6
needlegrass, Indian ricegrass
percent cobbles, 17 percent gravel
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; gravelly loam
P.Z.
Layer 2—6 to 15 inches; cobbly clay loam
Layer 3—15 to 26 inches; bedrock
Ferver and similar soils
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information. Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Landform: Toeslopes of plateaus
Component Properties and Qualities Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, low
Runoff: High sagebrush, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, Webber
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 14 to 20 needlegrass
inches Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): P.Z.
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Rock outcrop
Present flooding: None Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Present ponding: None Landform: Plateaus
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Management
Interpretive Groups For information about managing this map unit, see the
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s following sections and associated tables in this
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12 publication:
P.Z. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. 315—Bombadil-Chime association
Contrasting Inclusions Map Unit Setting
Saraph and similar soils MLRA: 23
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Landscape: Plateau
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 27
Elevation: 4,930 to 5,550 Component Description
Precipitation: 8 to 11 inches Chime and similar soils
Air temperature: 46 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Plateaus
Frost-free period: 90 to 120 days Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Parent material: Residuum derived from tuffaceous
Composition rocks
Bombadil cobbly loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—60 Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
percent needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg
Chime gravelly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—25 percent bluegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs,
Corral stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—7 percent spiny hopsage
Schamp loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—5 percent
McConnel gravelly sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 Typical profile:
percent Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; gravelly loam
Layer 2—7 to 16 inches; clay loam
Component Description Layer 3—16 to 25 inches; gravelly loam
Bombadil and similar soils Layer 4—25 to 35 inches; bedrock
Landform: Plateaus
Slope: 4 to 30 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg Component Properties and Qualities
bluegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs, Runoff: High
spiny hopsage Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 30
inches
Typical profile: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Surface rock fragments: About 6 percent stones, 13 Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
percent cobbles, 13 percent gravel slow)
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; cobbly loam Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Layer 2—3 to 6 inches; gravelly loam Present flooding: None
Layer 3—6 to 14 inches; gravelly clay loam Present ponding: None
Layer 4—14 to 24 inches; bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Interpretive Groups
Soil Properties” table for more information. Irrigated land capability: 4e
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10
Runoff: High P.Z.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
inches Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately section.
slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Contrasting Inclusions
Present flooding: None Corral and similar soils
Present ponding: None Composition: 0 to 7 percent
Natural drainage class: Well drained Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Plateaus
Interpretive Groups Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s other perennial grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10 needlegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush
P.Z. Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
28 Soil Survey of
Schamp and similar soils Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, other
Composition: 0 to 5 percent shrubs, other perennial forbs, other perennial
Slope: 2 to 15 percent grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Landform: Plateaus
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Thurber's Typical profile:
needlegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs, Surface rock fragments: About 6 percent stones, 13
other perennial grasses, Indian ricegrass percent cobbles, 13 percent gravel, 2 percent fine
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. gravel
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
McConnel occasionally flooded and similar soils Layer 2—2 to 6 inches; gravelly loam
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Layer 3—6 to 10 inches; gravelly clay loam
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Layer 4—10 to 24 inches; bedrock
Landform: Inset fans
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, basin wildrye, See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Nevada bluegrass, basin big sagebrush, western Soil Properties” table for more information.
wheatgrass
Ecological site: R023XY005NV—Dry floodplain Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
Management Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
For information about managing this map unit, see the inches
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
publication: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
"Range" section slow)
"Crops and Pasture" section Available water capacity: About 1.5 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
316—Bombadil-Grassycan association
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
MLRA: 23 Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,680 to 6,390 Component Description
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Grassycan and similar soils
Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Summits of plateaus
Frost-free period: 80 to 110 days Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Composition Typical vegetation: Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial
Bombadil very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent grasses, low sagebrush, other perennial forbs,
slopes—60 percent Webber needlegrass
Grassycan extremely gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15
percent slopes—25 percent Typical profile:
Ashcamp ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—6 Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; extremely gravelly sandy loam
percent Layer 2—4 to 12 inches; clay
Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 3—12 to 13 inches; cemented material
slopes—5 percent Layer 4—13 to 23 inches; bedrock
Fulstone very gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes—4 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description
Bombadil and similar soils Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Plateaus Runoff: High
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 7 to 14 inches
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14 inches
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 29
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, 317—Bombadil-Saraph association
(Permeability class: Very slow)
Available water capacity: About 1.4 inches Map Unit Setting
Present flooding: None MLRA: 23
Present ponding: None Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 4,810 to 5,100
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches
Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Interpretive Groups
Frost-free period: 90 to 120 days
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z. Composition
Bombadil gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—55
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Saraph gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—30
section. percent
Bombadil cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—5
Contrasting Inclusions percent
Ashcamp and similar soils Macnot very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
Composition: 0 to 6 percent slopes—5 percent
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Nomazu ashy very fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus slopes—5 percent
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, big sagebrush Component Description
Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z. Bombadil and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus
Saraph and similar soils Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Indian
ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, other perennial
Landform: Summits of rock pediments
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, other
shrubs, other perennial grasses, other perennial Typical profile:
forbs, Thurber's needlegrass, Indian ricegrass Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loam
Layer 2—2 to 6 inches; gravelly loam
Fulstone and similar soils Layer 3—6 to 10 inches; gravelly clay loam
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Layer 4—10 to 24 inches; bedrock
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Summits of fan remnants See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
needlegrass, Webber needlegrass, other shrubs, Component Properties and Qualities
other perennial forbs, Lahontan sagebrush Runoff: High
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12 Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
P.Z. inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Management Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
For information about managing this map unit, see the slow)
following sections and associated tables in this Available water capacity: About 1.6 inches
publication: Present flooding: None
"Range" section Present ponding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Well drained
30 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Landform: Beach terraces
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg
bluegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's
Component Description needlegrass, other shrubs, Indian ricegrass, spiny
Saraph and similar soils hopsage
Landform: Summits of rock pediments Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10
Slope: 4 to 15 percent P.Z.
Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Nomazu non-saline surface and similar soils
Wyoming big sagebrush, other perennial grasses, Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Basin-floor remnants
Typical profile: Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, bottlebrush
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones squirreltail, bud sagebrush, winterfat
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; gravelly ashy loam Ecological site: R024XY004NV—Silty 4-8 P.Z.
Layer 2—4 to 9 inches; ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—9 to 16 inches; ashy clay loam Management
Layer 4—16 to 30 inches; bedrock For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical publication:
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20 318—Boulder Lake clay
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Map Unit Setting
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately MLRA: 23
slow) Landscape: Basin
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Elevation: 5,490 to 6,410
Present flooding: None Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches
Present ponding: None Air temperature: 41 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Natural drainage class: Well drained Frost-free period: 60 to 90 days
Interpretive Groups Composition
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Boulder Lake clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 percent
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Weimer clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—8 percent
Grimlake cobbly clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—6 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Macyflet silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—1 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. Component Description
Boulder Lake and similar soils
Contrasting Inclusions Landform: Lake terraces
Bombadil and similar soils Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Nevada
Landform: Plateaus bluegrass, wildrye, silver sagebrush, mat muhly
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Wyoming big
sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, other perennial forbs, Typical profile:
other perennial grasses, Thurber's needlegrass Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; clay
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Layer 2—2 to 60 inches; clay
Macnot and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 31
Component Properties and Qualities "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Runoff: Negligible
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
(Permeability class: Very slow) 319—Boulderfan ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent
Available water capacity: About 9 inches slopes
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: Frequent Map Unit Setting
Water table: Present MLRA: 21
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Landscape: Intermontane basin
Elevation: 6,680 to 7,980
Interpretive Groups Precipitation: 20 to 25 inches
Irrigated land capability: 6w Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Nonirrigated land capability: 6w Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
Ecological site: R023XY003NV—Clay basin
Composition
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Boulderfan ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—90
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" percent
section. Dismalswamp ashy loam, cool, 2 to 15 percent slopes—
4 percent
Contrasting Inclusions Paynepeak gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 15 percent
Weimer and similar soils slopes—4 percent
Composition: 0 to 8 percent Dismalswamp ashy loam, cool, 2 to 15 percent slopes—
Slope: 0 to 2 percent 1 percent
Landform: Lake plains Pyropatti gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other slopes—1 percent
perennial grasses, mat muhly, povertyweed, other
annual forbs Component Description
Ecological site: R023XY023NV—Wet clay basin Boulderfan and similar soils
Landform: Ground moraines
Grimlake and similar soils Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Parent material: Alluvium derived from andesite and
Slope: 0 to 2 percent pyroclastic rock
Landform: Lakeplain alluvial flats Typical vegetation: Roundleaf snowberry, other
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Nevada perennial forbs, silver sagebrush, needlegrass, other
bluegrass, sedge, other perennial grasses perennial grasses
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Typical profile:
Macyflet and similar soils Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; ashy loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Layer 2—10 to 26 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Layer 3—26 to 35 inches; ashy loam
Landform: Alluvial flats Layer 4—35 to 60 inches; ashy clay loam
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, early
sagebrush, Nevada bluegrass, Cusick's bluegrass, See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
basin wildrye, needlegrass Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: R023XY090NV—Clay plain
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: Medium
For information about managing this map unit, see the Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
following sections and associated tables in this Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
publication: Available water capacity: About 11 inches
"Range" section Present flooding: Rare
"Crops and Pasture" section Present ponding: None
32 Soil Survey of
Water table: Present 320—Bregar extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 8
Natural drainage class: Well drained percent slopes
Interpretive Groups Map Unit Setting
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e MLRA: 23
Ecological site: R021XE203CA—Moist mountain basin Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,870 to 6,860
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Precipitation: 12 to 14 inches
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Air temperature: 41 to 43 degrees Fahrenheit
section. Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Contrasting Inclusions Composition
Dismalswamp and similar soils Bregar extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—90
Composition: 0 to 4 percent percent
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Tinpan very cobbly loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes—5
Landform: Mountain valleys percent
Typical vegetation: Nebraska sedge, sedge, willow, Karlo very cobbly clay, 2 to 4 percent slopes—4 percent
silver sagebrush, other perennial forbs, Baltic rush, Marepas very gravelly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to 30
meadow barley, tufted hairgrass percent slopes—1 percent
Ecological site: R021XE208CA—Semi-wet meadow
Component Description
Paynepeak and similar soils Bregar and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Landform: Plateaus
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, volcanic rocks
bluegrass, roundleaf snowberry, other shrubs, Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber
mountain big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, low
perennial grasses sagebrush
Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope
Typical profile:
Dismalswamp and similar soils Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Layer 2—2 to 12 inches; very cobbly clay loam
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Layer 3—12 to 22 inches; bedrock
Landform: Mountain valleys
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, tufted See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
hairgrass, Nebraska sedge, water sedge, willow Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: R021XE207CA—Wet meadow
Component Properties and Qualities
Pyropatti cool and similar soils Runoff: Very high
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 5 to 12
Slope: 4 to 30 percent inches
Landform: Mountain slopes Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical vegetation: Mountain brome, roundleaf Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
snowberry, other perennial forbs, mountain big slow)
sagebrush, quaking aspen Available water capacity: About 1.4 inches
Ecological site: R021XE216CA—Aspen thicket Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Management Natural drainage class: Well drained
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this Interpretive Groups
publication: Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
"Range" section Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections P.Z.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 33
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Air temperature: 42 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
section.
Composition
Contrasting Inclusions Bregar extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—50
Tinpan and similar soils percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Slope: 0 to 8 percent slopes—25 percent
Landform: Plateaus Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, other perennial forbs, slopes—15 percent
bluebunch wheatgrass, low sagebrush, Webber Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
needlegrass, Thurber's needlegrass slopes—5 percent
Ecological site: R023XY060NV—Cobbly claypan 8-12 Mosquet very gravelly fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
P.Z. slopes—2 percent
Tusune gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—2
Karlo and similar soils percent
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Slope: 2 to 4 percent slopes—1 percent
Landform: Plateaus
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg Component Description
bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs, low Bregar and similar soils
sagebrush, Washoe rubber rabbitbrush Landform: Hills
Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Marepas and similar soils volcanic rocks
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber
Slope: 4 to 30 percent, west to east aspects needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, low
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of sagebrush
plateaus
Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—Utah juniper Forest
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; extremely cobbly loam
understory—Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's
Layer 2—2 to 12 inches; very cobbly clay loam
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big
Layer 3—12 to 22 inches; bedrock
sagebrush, Utah juniper, other shrubs, other
perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: F023XY036NV Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: Very high
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 5 to 12
publication: inches
"Range" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
Available water capacity: About 1.4 inches
321—Bregar-Cavin-Brownsbowl Present flooding: None
association Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Interpretive Groups
Landscape: Hills Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Elevation: 5,790 to 7,670 Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
Precipitation: 13 to 15 inches P.Z.
34 Soil Survey of
Component Description See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Cavin and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of hills
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Runoff: Medium
from volcanic rock Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Cusick's (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
bluegrass, other perennial forbs, bluebunch Available water capacity: About 6 inches
wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Well drained
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z.
Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
fine sandy loam characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Contrasting Inclusions
Snag and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Runoff: Low Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Landform: Ground moraines
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, Idaho
Available water capacity: About 3 inches fescue, basin wildrye, bluegrass, other perennial
Present flooding: None grasses, other perennial forbs, snowberry, other
Present ponding: None shrubs, mountain big sagebrush
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Mosquet and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect
18 P.Z. Landform: North facing hills
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, bluegrass, other
Component Description perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, low
Brownsbowl and similar soils sagebrush
Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on hills Ecological site: R023XY014NV—Shallow loam 14+ P.Z.
Slope: 15 to 50 percent, northeast to northwest aspects
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Tusune and similar soils
from andesite Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, melic, Slope: 15 to 30 percent
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Idaho fescue, Landform: Footslopes of hills
mountain big sagebrush Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Cusick's bluegrass,
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Typical profile: mountain big sagebrush, other shrubs
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Ecological site: R023XY054NV—Steep north slope
Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam Hutchley and similar soils
Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect
sandy loam Landform: North facing summits of plateaus
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 35
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain big Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine
sagebrush, Idaho fescue, basin wildrye, other sandy loam
perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope
bitterbrush See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: Low
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
publication: (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
"Range" section Available water capacity: About 6 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
322—Brownsbowl-Cowbell association
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
MLRA: 23 Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z.
Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,430 to 7,260 Component Description
Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches Cowbell and similar soils
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days plateaus
Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Composition Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent from volcanic rocks
slopes—50 percent Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Cusick's bluegrass,
Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass, mountain big
30 percent slopes—40 percent sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany
Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—5 percent Typical profile:
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones
slopes—3 percent Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy mucky
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent sandy loam
slopes—2 percent Layer 2—3 to 9 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
Layer 3—9 to 40 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy clay
Component Description loam
Brownsbowl and similar soils Layer 4—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy clay
Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on plateaus loam
Slope: 8 to 15 percent, northeast to northwest aspects
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
from andesite Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, melic,
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Idaho fescue, Component Properties and Qualities
mountain big sagebrush Runoff: Medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical profile: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Available water capacity: About 10 inches
Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Present flooding: None
Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
36 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna Composition
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in slopes—50 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
section. slopes—35 percent
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Contrasting Inclusions slopes—5 percent
Hashwoods and similar soils Mosquet very gravelly fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent slopes—5 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent, northwest to northeast aspects Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on plateaus slopes—3 percent
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Forest understory—Nevada bluegrass, slender slopes—2 percent
wheatgrass, mountain brome, quaking aspen,
snowberry, other shrubs, other perennial forbs, other Component Description
perennial grasses Brownsbowl and similar soils
Ecological site: F023XY028NV Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on toeslopes
of plateaus
Snag and similar soils Slope: 8 to 15 percent, northeast to northwest aspects
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
Slope: 2 to 8 percent from andesite
Landform: Ground moraines Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, snowberry, other melic, mountain brome, needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
shrubs, mountain big sagebrush, other perennial mountain big sagebrush
forbs, other perennial grasses, bluegrass, mountain
brome, needlegrass, basin wildrye Typical profile:
Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z. Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Nutzan and similar soils Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam
Slope: 8 to 15 percent Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine
Landform: Summits of plateaus sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, needlegrass,
other shrubs, antelope bitterbrush, mountain big See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
sagebrush, Idaho fescue, other perennial grasses Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: Low
For information about managing this map unit, see the Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
following sections and associated tables in this (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
publication: Available water capacity: About 6 inches
"Range" section Present flooding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
323—Brownsbowl-Hashwoods association Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau Component Description
Elevation: 5,440 to 7,260 Hashwoods and similar soils
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on footslopes
Air temperature: 42 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit of plateaus
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 37
Slope: 4 to 15 percent, northwest to northeast aspects Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Landform: North facing plateaus
from andesite over residuum weathered from tuff Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, other perennial
breccia forbs, other perennial grasses, bluegrass, Idaho
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen fescue
Forest understory—snowberry, quaking aspen, other Ecological site: R023XY014NV—Shallow loam 14+ P.Z.
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, other
shrubs, mountain brome, slender wheatgrass, Snag and similar soils
Nevada bluegrass Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Site index: Quaking aspen—40 at an age base of 50 Slope: 2 to 8 percent
years Landform: On plateaus ground moraines
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, Idaho fescue,
Typical profile: mountain brome, bluegrass, other perennial grasses,
Layer 1—0 to 15 inches; ashy fine sandy loam other perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush, other
Layer 2—15 to 31 inches; very cobbly ashy fine sandy shrubs, snowberry, needlegrass
loam Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z.
Layer 3—31 to 48 inches; very paragravelly ashy loam
Layer 4—48 to 59 inches; bedrock Cavin and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, mountain
Component Properties and Qualities big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, other
Runoff: Low perennial forbs, Cusick's bluegrass
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 40 to 60 Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14-
inches 18 P.Z.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Management
Available water capacity: About 6 inches For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present flooding: None following sections and associated tables in this
Present ponding: None publication:
Natural drainage class: Well drained "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
Ecological site: F023XY028NV 324—Brubeck-Diaz association
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Map Unit Setting
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
MLRA: 23
section.
Landscape: Plateau
Contrasting Inclusions Elevation: 4,960 to 6,030
Hutchley and similar soils Precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Frost-free period: 60 to 100 days
Landform: Summits of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other perennial Composition
forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass, basin Brubeck very cobbly clay, 4 to 8 percent slopes—50
wildrye, Idaho fescue, mountain big sagebrush percent
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge Diaz very cobbly silt loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes—40
percent
Mosquet and similar soils Saraph gravelly ashy loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—6
Composition: 0 to 5 percent percent
38 Soil Survey of
Chalco very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—2 Layer 3—7 to 25 inches; silty clay
percent Layer 4—25 to 32 inches; bedrock
Reywat cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—2 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Component Description Soil Properties” table for more information.
Brubeck and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 4 to 8 percent Runoff: High
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
volcanic rocks inches
Typical vegetation: Rubber rabbitbrush, other perennial Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
forbs, other perennial grasses, basin big sagebrush, Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
other shrubs, creeping wildrye, thickspike Available water capacity: About 4 inches
wheatgrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, littleleaf Present flooding: None
horsebrush Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent stones Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very cobbly clay Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 2—3 to 23 inches; clay Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Layer 3—23 to 29 inches; clay
Layer 4—29 to 39 inches; bedrock Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical section.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Contrasting Inclusions
Component Properties and Qualities Saraph and similar soils
Runoff: High Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40 Slope: 8 to 15 percent
inches Landform: Summits of rock pediments
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) perennial forbs, other shrubs, Indian ricegrass,
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Thurber's needlegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush
Present flooding: None Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Chalco and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Interpretive Groups Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Landform: Plateaus
Ecological site: R023XY033NV—Clayey 10-14 P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, other shrubs,
black sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other
Component Description
Diaz and similar soils perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Ecological site: R023XY052NV—Shallow calcareous
Slope: 4 to 8 percent loam 8-12 P.Z.
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock Reywat and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Perennial grasses Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Typical profile: Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Surface rock fragments: About 20 percent cobbles, 0 Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, Thurber's
percent stones needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very cobbly silt loam forbs
Layer 2—3 to 7 inches; silty clay loam Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 39
Management See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: Very high
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
325—Bucklake-Bombadil-Reywat Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
association Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Present flooding: None
Map Unit Setting Present ponding: None
MLRA: 23 Natural drainage class: Well drained
Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,060 to 6,360 Interpretive Groups
Precipitation: 8 to 14 inches Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Frost-free period: 50 to 160 days P.Z.
Component Description
Composition
Bombadil and similar soils
Bucklake very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—40
Landform: Plateaus
percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Bombadil cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—30
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
percent
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Thurber's needlegrass,
Reywat very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—20
Indian ricegrass, other perennial forbs, other
percent
perennial grasses, Wyoming big sagebrush
Rock outcrop—5 percent
Devada very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—3 Typical profile:
percent Surface rock fragments: About 6 percent stones, 13
Skedaddle very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—2 percent cobbles, 13 percent gravel, 2 percent fine
percent gravel
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; cobbly loam
Component Description Layer 2—2 to 6 inches; gravelly loam
Bucklake and similar soils Layer 3—6 to 10 inches; gravelly clay loam
Landform: Plateaus Layer 4—10 to 24 inches; bedrock
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Thurber's
needlegrass, basin wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, Component Properties and Qualities
Wyoming big sagebrush Runoff: High
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
Typical profile: inches
Surface rock fragments: About 23 percent stones, 14 Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
percent cobbles, 11 percent gravel, 2 percent fine Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
gravel slow)
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very stony loam Available water capacity: About 1.6 inches
Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam Present flooding: None
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay Present ponding: None
Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained
40 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups Landform: Plateaus
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, other
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. perennial forbs, bluegrass, low sagebrush, bluebunch
wheatgrass
Component Description Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Reywat and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus Skedaddle and similar soils
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Slope: 15 to 50 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
volcanic rocks Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on plateaus
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, antelope bitterbrush, Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, desert
Wyoming big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass, green ephedra, other shrubs, purple
Thurber's needlegrass sage, bluebunch wheatgrass
Ecological site: R023XY030NV—South slope 8-12 P.Z.
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 17 percent stones, 10 Management
percent cobbles, 17 percent gravel, 2 percent fine For information about managing this map unit, see the
gravel following sections and associated tables in this
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very stony loam publication:
Layer 2—6 to 18 inches; very gravelly clay loam "Range" section
Layer 3—18 to 28 inches; bedrock "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. 326—Bucklake-Fiddler association
Component Properties and Qualities
Map Unit Setting
Runoff: Very high
MLRA: 23
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
Landscape: Plateau
inches
Elevation: 5,120 to 7,410
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Air temperature: 44 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
slow)
Frost-free period: 70 to 90 days
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Composition
Bucklake very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—65
Natural drainage class: Well drained
percent
Fiddler very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—20
Interpretive Groups
percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Devada very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—8
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
percent
P.Z.
Menbo very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—5
percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Rock outcrop, 50 to 75 percent slopes—2 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
Component Description
Contrasting Inclusions Bucklake and similar soils
Rock outcrop Landform: Plateaus
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Landform: Plateaus Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Devada and similar soils Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Composition: 0 to 3 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush,
Slope: 2 to 15 percent antelope bitterbrush
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 41
Typical profile: Component Properties and Qualities
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21 Runoff: Very high
percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam inches
Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Present ponding: None
Soil Properties” table for more information. Natural drainage class: Well drained
Component Properties and Qualities Interpretive Groups
Runoff: Very high Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40 Ecological site: F023XY024NV
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Available water capacity: About 3 inches section.
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Contrasting Inclusions
Devada and similar soils
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Composition: 0 to 8 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Interpretive Groups
Landform: Plateaus
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass,
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
P.Z.
sagebrush
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Component Description
Fiddler and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus Menbo and similar soils
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Slope: 15 to 50 percent
and/or residuum weathered from volcanic rock Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, needlegrass,
Forest understory—Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho Idaho fescue, mountain big sagebrush, other
fescue, other perennial grasses, bluebunch perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, antelope Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
bitterbrush, other shrubs, Canby bluegrass
Site index: Western juniper—17 at an age base of 50 Rock outcrop
years Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 50 to 75 percent
Typical profile: Landform: Backslopes of escarpments
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 14
percent cobbles, 21 percent gravel
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very cobbly loam
following sections and associated tables in this
Layer 2—7 to 28 inches; very cobbly clay
publication:
Layer 3—28 to 38 inches; bedrock
"Range" section
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical "Forest land" section
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
42 Soil Survey of
327—Bucklake-Mcwatt-Rubble land Present ponding: None
association Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting Interpretive Groups
MLRA: 23 Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Landscape: Mountains Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Elevation: 4,480 to 6,060 P.Z.
Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches
Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Component Description
Frost-free period: 50 to 100 days Mcwatt and similar soils
Landform: Beach terraces
Composition Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Bucklake very cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—40 Parent material: Alluvium derived from igneous and
percent sedimentary rock
Mcwatt very stony sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
slopes—30 percent needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg
Rubble land, 30 to 50 percent slopes—20 percent bluegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs,
Devada very cobbly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—4 spiny hopsage
percent
Gorzell very gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent Typical profile:
slopes—3 percent Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; very stony sandy loam
Old Camp very stony sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent Layer 2—10 to 20 inches; extremely gravelly fine sandy
slopes—3 percent loam
Layer 3—20 to 44 inches; extremely gravelly sand
Component Description Layer 4—44 to 54 inches; bedrock
Bucklake and similar soils
Landform: Mountains See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, bluebunch Runoff: High
wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, antelope Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60
bitterbrush, basin wildrye inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical profile: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21 Available water capacity: About 2 inches
percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel, 2 percent fine Present flooding: None
gravel Present ponding: None
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay Interpretive Groups
Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description
Component Properties and Qualities Rubble land
Runoff: Very high Landform: Mountain slopes
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40 Slope: 30 to 50 percent
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Component Properties and Qualities
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Runoff: Low
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60
Present flooding: None inches
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 43
Present ponding: None Elevation: 4,700 to 6,520
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Interpretive Groups Air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
Nonirrigated land capability: 8s Frost-free period: 50 to 120 days
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Composition
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Bucklake very cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—60
section. percent
Reywat very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—25
Contrasting Inclusions percent
Devada and similar soils Devada very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—6
Composition: 0 to 4 percent percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Old Camp very stony loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—6
Landform: Summits of mountains percent
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, Thurber's Pickup very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—2
needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial percent
forbs, bluegrass Hart Camp stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—1
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. percent
Gorzell and similar soils Component Description
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Bucklake and similar soils
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Landform: Mountains
Landform: Beach terraces Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, Indian Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush and residuum weathered from volcanic rock
squirreltail, other shrubs, spiny hopsage, Sandberg Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
bluegrass bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush,
Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10 antelope bitterbrush
P.Z.
Typical profile:
Old Camp and similar soils
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel, 2 percent fine
Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Landform: Backslopes of mountains gravel
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock
Management See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: Very high
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
328—Bucklake-Reywat association Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Map Unit Setting Present flooding: None
MLRA: 23 Present ponding: None
Landscape: Mountains Natural drainage class: Well drained
44 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Old Camp and similar soils
P.Z. Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Component Description Landform: Summits of mountains
Reywat and similar soils Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of needlegrass, Indian ricegrass, other perennial
mountains grasses, other perennial forbs, other shrubs
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to west aspects Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
volcanic rocks Pickup and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's Composition: 0 to 2 percent
needlegrass, basin wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, Slope: 30 to 50 percent
antelope bitterbrush Landform: Mountains
Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial
Typical profile: forbs, bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones needlegrass
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very stony loam Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Layer 2—6 to 18 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Hart Camp and similar soils
Layer 3—18 to 28 inches; bedrock
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush,
other perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush,
Component Properties and Qualities
bluebunch wheatgrass
Runoff: Very high
Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
inches Management
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): For information about managing this map unit, see the
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately following sections and associated tables in this
slow) publication:
Available water capacity: About 2 inches "Range" section
Present flooding: None "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
329—Bucklake-Rock outcrop-Corral
Interpretive Groups association
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Map Unit Setting
P.Z. MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Elevation: 4,640 to 6,030
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches
section. Air temperature: 44 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 70 to 90 days
Contrasting Inclusions
Devada and similar soils Composition
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Bucklake very cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—50
Slope: 8 to 30 percent percent
Landform: Summits of mountains Rock outcrop—20 percent
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch Corral stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—15 percent
wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, other Devada very cobbly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—5
perennial forbs percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 45
Pachic Argixerolls very cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian
slopes—5 percent ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—5 forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
percent
Typical profile:
Component Description Surface rock fragments: About 11 percent cobbles, 9
Bucklake and similar soils percent gravel, 10 percent stones
Landform: Plateaus Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; stony loam
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Layer 2—7 to 16 inches; sandy clay loam
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Layer 3—16 to 26 inches; bedrock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye, See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, Soil Properties” table for more information.
antelope bitterbrush
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Typical profile:
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 12 to 20
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21
inches
percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam
slow)
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay
Available water capacity: About 1.5 inches
Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Interpretive Groups
Component Properties and Qualities Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Runoff: Very high Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
inches Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) section.
Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Present flooding: None Contrasting Inclusions
Present ponding: None Devada and similar soils
Natural drainage class: Well drained Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Interpretive Groups Landform: Summits of plateaus
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, other
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
P.Z. sagebrush, bluegrass
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Component Description
Rock outcrop Pachic Argixerolls and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid
Component Description Pachic Argixerolls
Corral and similar soils Slope: 30 to 50 percent, north aspect
Landform: Plateaus Landform: North facing plateaus
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, mountain big
Parent material: Residuum derived from tuffaceous sagebrush, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
rocks wheatgrass, basin wildrye, needlegrass
46 Soil Survey of
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21
Reywat and similar soils percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel, 2 percent fine
Composition: 0 to 5 percent gravel
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, bluebunch Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay
wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, antelope Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock
bitterbrush, Thurber's needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
P.Z. Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: Very high
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
publication: inches
"Range" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Present flooding: None
330—Bucklake-Softscrabble-Devada Present ponding: None
association Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
MLRA: 23
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Landscape: Mountains
P.Z.
Elevation: 5,410 to 7,490
Precipitation: 10 to 20 inches Component Description
Air temperature: 43 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Softscrabble and similar soils
Frost-free period: 50 to 110 days Landform: Mountains
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Composition Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Bucklake very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—35 volcanic rocks
percent Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush,
slopes—30 percent other perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush
Devada cobbly loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—20 percent
Wylo very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—6 percent Typical profile:
Xeric Haplargids very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones, 17
slopes—4 percent percent cobbles, 30 percent gravel, 3 percent fine
Rock outcrop—3 percent gravel
Histic Endoaquolls muck, cool, 2 to 30 percent slopes— Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; very cobbly loam
2 percent Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam
Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam
Component Description Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock
Bucklake and similar soils
Landform: Mountains See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, bluebunch Runoff: Very high
wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush, basin wildrye, Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 71
Thurber's needlegrass inches
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 47
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Landform: Mountains
Available water capacity: About 8 inches Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Present flooding: None bluebunch wheatgrass, Lahontan sagebrush,
Present ponding: None Thurber's needlegrass
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Xeric Haplargids and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Classification: Clayey, smectitic, mesic Xeric Haplargids
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Component Description Landform: Mountains
Devada and similar soils Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Indian
Landform: Mountains ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, other shrubs,
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Wyoming big sagebrush, other perennial forbs
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Thurber's
needlegrass, bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, low Rock outcrop
sagebrush Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Landform: Ridges
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 17
Histic Endoaquolls and similar soils
percent cobbles, 7 percent gravel, 1 percent fine
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
gravel
Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Histic Endoaquolls
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Slope: 2 to 30 percent
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
Landform: Swales
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical perennial grasses, bluegrass, rush, tufted hairgrass,
Soil Properties” table for more information. sedge, meadow barley
Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Management
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 For information about managing this map unit, see the
inches following sections and associated tables in this
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): publication:
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) "Range" section
Available water capacity: About 2 inches "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained 331—Buffaran-Fulstone association
Interpretive Groups Map Unit Setting
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s MLRA: 23
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Landscape: Fan piedmont
Elevation: 5,320 to 6,340
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Precipitation: 8 to 11 inches
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
section. Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days
Contrasting Inclusions Composition
Wylo and similar soils Buffaran very cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—50
Composition: 0 to 6 percent percent
48 Soil Survey of
Fulstone very cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—35 Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very cobbly loam
percent Layer 2—4 to 16 inches; clay
Wylo very stony loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—6 percent Layer 3—16 to 26 inches; cemented material
Old Camp very stony loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—5 Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam
percent
Ceejay very stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—2 See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Devada very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—2
percent Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
Component Description Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
Buffaran and similar soils Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Landform: Fan remnants Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rocks Present flooding: None
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian Present ponding: None
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial Natural drainage class: Well drained
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
Interpretive Groups
Typical profile: Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly loam P.Z.
Layer 2—2 to 16 inches; gravelly clay loam
Layer 3—16 to 27 inches; cemented material Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Layer 4—27 to 60 inches; cemented material characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Contrasting Inclusions
Wylo and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Runoff: High Slope: 8 to 15 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on shoulders
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): of hills
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
Available water capacity: About 2 inches wheatgrass, bluegrass, Lahontan sagebrush, other
Present flooding: None perennial forbs
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Old Camp and similar soils
Interpretive Groups Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Landform: Summits of hills
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, other perennial
Component Description grasses, other perennial forbs, other shrubs,
Fulstone and similar soils Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass
Landform: Summits of fan remnants Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Ceejay and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's Composition: 0 to 2 percent
needlegrass, Webber needlegrass, other shrubs, Slope: 2 to 8 percent
other perennial forbs, Lahontan sagebrush Landform: Backslopes of hills
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber
Typical profile: needlegrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones Lahontan sagebrush, Indian ricegrass
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 49
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12 Typical profile:
P.Z. Layer 1—0 to 11 inches; very stony loam
Layer 2—11 to 42 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Devada and similar soils Layer 3—42 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly loam
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Backslopes of hills Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
needlegrass, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, low Component Properties and Qualities
sagebrush Runoff: Medium
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Management slow)
For information about managing this map unit, see the Available water capacity: About 6 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Present flooding: None
publication: Present ponding: None
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Well drained
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s
332—Bullump very stony loam, 5 to 30 Ecological site: R021XY210OR—Loamy
percent slopes
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Map Unit Setting characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
MLRA: 21 section.
Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 5,300 to 5,690 Contrasting Inclusions
Precipitation: 14 to 18 inches Booth and similar soils
Air temperature: 41 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Frost-free period: 50 to 90 days Slope: 5 to 30 percent
Landform: Mountains
Composition Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Canby bluegrass,
Bullump very stony loam, 5 to 30 percent slopes—90
bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, shrubby
percent
buckwheat, Hooker's balsamroot, low sagebrush,
Booth very stony loam, 5 to 30 percent slopes—3
percent onespike oatgrass
Bullump extremely gravelly loam, 30 to 50 percent Ecological site: R021XY216OR—Stony Claypan
slopes—3 percent
Nuss gravelly loam, 5 to 30 percent slopes—3 percent Bullump steep and similar soils
Cumulic Haploxerolls very gravelly loam, 0 to 4 percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
slopes—1 percent Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Landform: Mountains
Component Description Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, Idaho
Bullump and similar soils fescue, Sandberg bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Landform: Mountains antelope bitterbrush, basin wildrye
Slope: 5 to 30 percent Ecological site: R021XY312OR—North slopes
Parent material: Colluvium derived from rhyolite and/or
colluvium derived from tuff Nuss and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope Composition: 0 to 3 percent
bitterbrush, bluegrass, basin wildrye, Thurber's Slope: 5 to 30 percent
needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush, Idaho fescue Landform: Mountains
50 Soil Survey of
Typical vegetation: Snowberry, skyline bluegrass, Typical profile:
ponderosa pine, Idaho fescue, basin wildrye, curl-leaf Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; ashy loam
mountain mahogany, mountain big sagebrush, Layer 2—4 to 24 inches; ashy clay loam
western needlegrass Layer 3—24 to 32 inches; ashy clay loam
Ecological site: R021XY402OR—Rocky ridges Layer 4—32 to 63 inches; stratified ashy loam to ashy
silty clay loam
Cumulic Haploxerolls and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Soil Properties” table for more information.
Cumulic Haploxerolls
Slope: 0 to 4 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Stream terraces Runoff: Low
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
wheatgrass, basin wildrye Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Ecological site: R023XY056NV—Loamy bottom 12-16 slow)
P.Z. Available water capacity: About 13 inches
Present flooding: Frequent
Management Present ponding: None
For information about managing this map unit, see the Water table: Present
following sections and associated tables in this Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
publication:
Interpretive Groups
"Range" section
Irrigated land capability: 3w
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
333—Buntingville ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
slopes section.
Map Unit Setting Contrasting Inclusions
MLRA: 23 Surprise and similar soils
Landscape: Fan piedmont Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Elevation: 4,480 to 4,720 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Landform: Fan remnants
Air temperature: 48 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Thurber's
Frost-free period: 90 to 130 days needlegrass, big sagebrush, bluegrass, bluebunch
wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs
Composition Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Buntingville ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 P.Z.
percent
Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Four Star and similar soils
slopes—6 percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Bicondoa clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Landform: Flood plains
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent
Fluvaquents very gravelly coarse sand, 0 to 1 percent Bicondoa and similar soils
slopes—1 percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Component Description Landform: Flood plains
Buntingville and similar soils
Landform: Fan remnants Hussa and similar soils
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Slope: 0 to 2 percent
from volcanic rock Landform: Lake terraces
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 51
Fluvaquents and similar soils Layer 4—32 to 63 inches; stratified ashy loam to ashy
Composition: 0 to 1 percent silty clay loam
Classification: Mesic Fluvaquents
Slope: 0 to 1 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Drainageways Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood
Forest understory—inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, Component Properties and Qualities
beardless wildrye, Fremont's cottonwood, other Runoff: Low
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, bluebunch Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
wheatgrass, other shrubs Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Ecological site: F023XY034NV slow)
Available water capacity: About 13 inches
Management Present flooding: Frequent
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present ponding: None
following sections and associated tables in this
Water table: Present
publication:
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Interpretive Groups
Irrigated land capability: 3e
Nonirrigated land capability: 4e
334—Buntingville ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
slopes
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Map Unit Setting characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
MLRA: 23 section.
Landscape: Fan piedmont
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,720 Contrasting Inclusions
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Bidwell and similar soils
Air temperature: 48 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Frost-free period: 90 to 130 days Slope: 2 to 5 percent
Composition Landform: Fan remnants
Buntingville ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—90 Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Thurber's needlegrass,
percent bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Bidwell ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—5 percent bluegrass, antelope bitterbrush, big sagebrush
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Dangvar ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent P.Z.
Component Description Hussa and similar soils
Buntingville and similar soils Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Landform: Fan remnants Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 2 to 5 percent Landform: Lake terraces
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
from volcanic rock
Dangvar and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass, sedge Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Typical profile: Landform: Summits of lake terraces
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; ashy loam Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, black greasewood,
Layer 2—4 to 24 inches; ashy clay loam Nevada bluegrass, inland saltgrass
Layer 3—24 to 32 inches; ashy clay loam Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
52 Soil Survey of
Management See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: Low
"Crops and Pasture" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Present flooding: None
335—Cavin-Ashtre-Hutchley association Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Interpretive Groups
Landscape: Mountains Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Elevation: 5,940 to 7,970 Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14-
Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches 18 P.Z.
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 55 to 100 days Component Description
Ashtre and similar soils
Composition Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent Slope: 4 to 15 percent
slopes—40 percent Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes— and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
30 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses,
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent
needlegrass, Idaho fescue, bluegrass, bluebunch
slopes—15 percent
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—6 percent sagebrush, other shrubs
Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 4 to
30 percent slopes—5 percent Typical profile:
Bitner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
slopes—2 percent Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam
Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam
slopes—2 percent Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock
Component Description See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Cavin and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of
mountains Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Runoff: High
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
from volcanic rock
inches
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, needlegrass, mountain
big sagebrush, Cusick's bluegrass, other perennial Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
Typical profile: Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Surface rock fragments: About 4 percent stones Present flooding: None
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
fine sandy loam Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 53
Component Description Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Hutchley and similar soils
Landform: Summits of mountains Zorromount and similar soils
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from Slope: 4 to 30 percent, west to east aspects
volcanic rocks Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, mountains
needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush, Idaho fescue, Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
basin wildrye, other perennial forbs, bluebunch bluebunch wheatgrass, Cusick's bluegrass, mountain
big sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany
wheatgrass
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Typical profile:
Bitner and similar soils
Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Landform: Shoulders of mountains
Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
bluebunch wheatgrass, big sagebrush, antelope
bitterbrush
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12
Soil Properties” table for more information.
P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Cavin and similar soils
Runoff: High
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20 Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to west aspects
inches Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): mountains
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
slow) wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Idaho fescue,
Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches needlegrass, Cusick's bluegrass
Present flooding: None Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14-
Present ponding: None 18 P.Z.
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Management
Interpretive Groups For information about managing this map unit, see the
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s following sections and associated tables in this
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge publication:
"Range" section
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
336—Cavin-Cowbell-Rubble land
Contrasting Inclusions association
Nutzan and similar soils
Map Unit Setting
Composition: 0 to 6 percent
MLRA: 23
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Landscape: Mountains
Landform: Summits of mountains Elevation: 5,260 to 7,740
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, antelope bitterbrush, Precipitation: 14 to 18 inches
mountain big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
perennial grasses, Idaho fescue, needlegrass Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
54 Soil Survey of
Composition Component Description
Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent Cowbell and similar soils
slopes—60 percent Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 15 to mountains
30 percent slopes—15 percent Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Rubble land, 30 to 75 percent slopes—15 percent Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent from volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Curlleaf mountainmahogany,
slopes—5 percent
needlegrass, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Cusick's bluegrass, mountain big sagebrush
slopes—2 percent
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent Typical profile:
slopes—2 percent Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy mucky
slopes—1 percent sandy loam
Layer 2—3 to 9 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
Component Description Layer 3—9 to 40 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy clay
Cavin and similar soils loam
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of Layer 4—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy clay
mountains loam
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to west aspects
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
from volcanic rock Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Cusick's Component Properties and Qualities
bluegrass, Idaho fescue, needlegrass Runoff: High
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical profile: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Surface rock fragments: About 4 percent stones Available water capacity: About 10 inches
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present flooding: None
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Interpretive Groups
Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
fine sandy loam
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Component Description
Soil Properties” table for more information. Rubble land
Landform: Backslopes of escarpments
Component Properties and Qualities Slope: 30 to 75 percent
Runoff: Medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Component Properties and Qualities
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Runoff: Low
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60
Present flooding: None inches
Present ponding: None Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 8s
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
18 P.Z. section.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 55
Contrasting Inclusions Landscape: Mountains
Brownsbowl and similar soils Elevation: 6,020 to 8,200
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
Slope: 8 to 15 percent, northeast to northwest aspects Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on mountains Frost-free period: 55 to 85 days
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, melic,
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, mountain big Composition
sagebrush, Idaho fescue Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent
Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z. slopes—60 percent
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent
Hashwoods and similar soils slopes—25 percent
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, northwest to northeast aspects slopes—5 percent
Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on mountains Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 15 to
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen 50 percent slopes—4 percent
Forest understory—snowberry, other shrubs, quaking Dosie very gravelly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—3
aspen, other perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, percent
Nevada bluegrass, slender wheatgrass, mountain Softscrabble very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—
brome 3 percent
Ecological site: F023XY028NV
Component Description
Snag and similar soils Cavin and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of
Slope: 8 to 30 percent mountains
Landform: Ground moraines Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to west aspects
Typical vegetation: Mountain brome, Idaho fescue, basin Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
wildrye, other perennial grasses, needlegrass, from volcanic rock
mountain big sagebrush, other shrubs, snowberry, Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
other perennial forbs, bluegrass wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Cusick's
Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z. bluegrass, Idaho fescue, needlegrass
Nutzan and similar soils Typical profile:
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Surface rock fragments: About 4 percent stones
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Landform: Summits of mountains Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, antelope bitterbrush, Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
mountain big sagebrush, needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
other perennial grasses, other perennial forbs Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z. fine sandy loam
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
following sections and associated tables in this Soil Properties” table for more information.
publication:
"Range" section Component Properties and Qualities
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Runoff: Medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
337—Cavin-Hutchley association Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Present flooding: None
Map Unit Setting Present ponding: None
MLRA: 23 Natural drainage class: Well drained
56 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups sagebrush, other shrubs, bluegrass, needlegrass,
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Idaho fescue
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z.
18 P.Z.
Zorromount and similar soils
Component Description Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Hutchley and similar soils Slope: 15 to 50 percent, west to east aspects
Landform: Shoulders of mountains Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
Slope: 15 to 50 percent mountains
Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from Typical vegetation: Curlleaf mountainmahogany,
volcanic rocks needlegrass, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other Cusick's bluegrass, mountain big sagebrush
perennial forbs, basin wildrye, Idaho fescue, Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush,
needlegrass Dosie and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical profile: Slope: 30 to 50 percent, west to east aspects
Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21 Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel mountains
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam wheatgrass, basin wildrye, needlegrass
Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z.
Softscrabble and similar soils
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, west to east aspects
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
Component Properties and Qualities
mountains
Runoff: Very high
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, mountain big
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, needlegrass, basin
inches
wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow) Management
Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present flooding: None following sections and associated tables in this
Present ponding: None publication:
Natural drainage class: Well drained "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge 338—Cavin-Nutzan-Snag association
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Map Unit Setting
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" MLRA: 23
section. Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 5,590 to 7,340
Contrasting Inclusions Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
Ashtre and similar soils Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows Composition
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, bluebunch Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big slopes—40 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 57
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
slopes—30 percent pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, needlegrass, Idaho
slopes—20 percent fescue, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent forbs, mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush
slopes—5 percent
Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to Typical profile:
30 percent slopes—3 percent Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
slopes—2 percent Layer 2—10 to 17 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—17 to 28 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Component Description Layer 4—28 to 36 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
Cavin and similar soils coarse sandy loam
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of Layer 5—36 to 46 inches; bedrock
mountains
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Soil Properties” table for more information.
from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, Component Properties and Qualities
needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Cusick's bluegrass, other Runoff: High
perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
inches
Typical profile: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present flooding: None
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very
fine sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description
Component Properties and Qualities Snag and similar soils
Runoff: Low Landform: Ground moraines
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Slope: 2 to 8 percent
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Parent material: Volcanic ash and till derived from
Available water capacity: About 3 inches volcanic rock
Present flooding: None Typical vegetation: Snowberry, other shrubs, bluegrass,
Present ponding: None
other perennial grasses, mountain big sagebrush,
Natural drainage class: Well drained
other perennial forbs, basin wildrye, Idaho fescue,
Interpretive Groups mountain brome, needlegrass
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- Typical profile:
18 P.Z. Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very stony ashy sandy loam
Component Description Layer 2—4 to 30 inches; extremely stony ashy sandy
Nutzan and similar soils loam
Landform: Summits of mountains Layer 3—30 to 62 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy clay
Slope: 8 to 30 percent loam
58 Soil Survey of
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Properties and Qualities 339—Cavin-Nutzan-Tusune association
Runoff: Medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Map Unit Setting
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) MLRA: 23
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Landscape: Mountains
Present flooding: None Elevation: 5,660 to 6,910
Present ponding: None Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition
Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z. Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in slopes—40 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent
section. slopes—35 percent
Tusune gravelly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—15
Contrasting Inclusions percent
Brownsbowl and similar soils Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 8 to
Composition: 0 to 5 percent 30 percent slopes—5 percent
Slope: 8 to 15 percent, northeast to northwest aspects Rock outcrop—3 percent
Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on mountains Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, mountain big 2 percent
sagebrush, other shrubs, needlegrass, mountain
brome, melic, other perennial forbs Component Description
Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z. Cavin and similar soils
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of
Cowbell and similar soils mountains
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of from volcanic rock
mountains Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Cusick's
fescue, needlegrass, curlleaf mountainmahogany, bluegrass, Idaho fescue, needlegrass
mountain big sagebrush, Cusick's bluegrass
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna Typical profile:
Hashwoods and similar soils Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Slope: 4 to 15 percent, northwest to northeast aspects Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on mountains Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Forest understory—other perennial grasses, slender Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very
wheatgrass, quaking aspen, other perennial forbs, fine sandy loam
other shrubs, snowberry, Nevada bluegrass,
mountain brome See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: F023XY028NV Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: Low
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
publication: (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
"Range" section Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 59
Present flooding: None Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Cusick's bluegrass,
Present ponding: None other shrubs, mountain big sagebrush, other
Natural drainage class: Well drained perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass
Interpretive Groups Typical profile:
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 2
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- percent cobbles, 28 percent gravel
18 P.Z. Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Layer 2—2 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Component Description
Layer 3—10 to 38 inches; very gravelly ashy clay loam
Nutzan and similar soils
Layer 4—38 to 48 inches; bedrock
Landform: Summits of mountains
Slope: 4 to 30 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Soil Properties” table for more information.
pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other
Component Properties and Qualities
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, Idaho
Runoff: Very high
fescue, needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush, other
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
shrubs
inches
Typical profile: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Available water capacity: About 7 inches
Layer 2—10 to 17 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Present flooding: None
Layer 3—17 to 28 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 4—28 to 36 inches; extremely gravelly ashy Natural drainage class: Well drained
coarse sandy loam
Layer 5—36 to 46 inches; bedrock Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY054NV—Steep north slope
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Component Properties and Qualities characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Runoff: High section.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
inches Contrasting Inclusions
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Zorromount and similar soils
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Slope: 8 to 30 percent, west to east aspects
Present flooding: None Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
Present ponding: None mountains
Natural drainage class: Well drained Typical vegetation: Curlleaf mountainmahogany,
mountain big sagebrush, Cusick's bluegrass,
Interpretive Groups bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass, Idaho fescue
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Rock outcrop
Component Description Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Tusune and similar soils Landform: Escarpments
Landform: Footslopes of mountains
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Ashtre and similar soils
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Composition: 0 to 2 percent
pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks Slope: 8 to 30 percent
60 Soil Survey of
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch Runoff: Very high
wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, bluegrass, Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20
Idaho fescue, needlegrass, other perennial forbs, inches
other shrubs Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. (Permeability class: Very slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Management Present flooding: None
For information about managing this map unit, see the Present ponding: None
following sections and associated tables in this Natural drainage class: Well drained
publication:
"Range" section Interpretive Groups
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY030NV—South slope 8-12 P.Z.
340—Chalco-Pickup association Component Description
Chalco and similar soils
Map Unit Setting Landform: Hills
MLRA: 23 Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Landscape: Hills Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Elevation: 5,190 to 6,360 lake-laid tuff
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, other shrubs,
Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit low sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial
Frost-free period: 60 to 120 days grasses, Thurber's needlegrass, Indian ricegrass,
Sandberg bluegrass
Composition
Chalco very gravelly clay loam, 30 to 50 percent
Typical profile:
slopes—35 percent
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loam
Chalco very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—30
Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; clay
percent
Layer 3—15 to 30 inches; bedrock
Pickup very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—20
percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Devada very stony loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—6
Soil Properties” table for more information.
percent
Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—
Component Properties and Qualities
5 percent
Runoff: Very high
Rock outcrop—4 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20
Component Description inches
Chalco and similar soils Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Landform: Backslopes of hills (Permeability class: Very slow)
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Present flooding: None
lake-laid tuff Present ponding: None
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, green ephedra, Natural drainage class: Well drained
Wyoming big sagebrush, desert needlegrass,
bluebunch wheatgrass, purple sage Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly clay loam Ecological site: R026XY025NV—Claypan 8-10 P.Z.
Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; clay
Layer 3—15 to 30 inches; bedrock Component Description
Pickup and similar soils
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Landform: Hills
Soil Properties” table for more information. Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 61
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch Rock outcrop
wheatgrass, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Lahontan sagebrush Landform: Hills
Typical profile: Management
Surface rock fragments: About 13 percent stones, 10 For information about managing this map unit, see the
percent cobbles, 29 percent gravel, 7 percent fine following sections and associated tables in this
gravel publication:
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very stony loam "Range" section
Layer 2—8 to 34 inches; very gravelly clay "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Layer 3—34 to 44 inches; bedrock
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
341—Chalco-Rock outcrop-Pickup
Soil Properties” table for more information.
association
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high Map Unit Setting
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40 MLRA: 23
inches Landscape: Hills
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Elevation: 5,330 to 6,490
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Present flooding: None Frost-free period: 60 to 120 days
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Composition
Chalco very gravelly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—40
Interpretive Groups percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Rock outcrop, 8 to 50 percent slopes—25 percent
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z. Pickup very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—20
percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Wylo very stony loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—7 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Devada very cobbly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—5
section. percent
Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent
Contrasting Inclusions slopes—3 percent
Devada and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Component Description
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Chalco and similar soils
Landform: Summits of rock pediments Landform: Hills
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other Slope: 8 to 30 percent
perennial forbs, bluegrass, low sagebrush, Thurber's Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
needlegrass lake-laid tuff
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial
forbs, other shrubs, Thurber's needlegrass, Webber
Softscrabble and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent needlegrass, Indian ricegrass
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Landform: Hills Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, antelope Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loam
bitterbrush, other perennial forbs, bluebunch Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; clay
wheatgrass, basin wildrye, needlegrass Layer 3—15 to 30 inches; bedrock
62 Soil Survey of
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Interpretive Groups
Soil Properties” table for more information. Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
inches section.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
(Permeability class: Very slow) Contrasting Inclusions
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Wylo and similar soils
Present flooding: None Composition: 0 to 7 percent
Present ponding: None Slope: 8 to 15 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
Natural drainage class: Well drained Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on shoulders
of hills
Interpretive Groups Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Thurber's needlegrass, other perennial forbs,
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12 Lahontan sagebrush
P.Z. Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Devada and similar soils
Component Description
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Rock outcrop
Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Landform: Hills
Landform: Summits of hills
Slope: 8 to 50 percent
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, low
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Component Description
Thurber's needlegrass
Pickup and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Landform: Hills
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Saraph and similar soils
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Composition: 0 to 3 percent
volcanic rocks Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial Landform: Summits of rock pediments
forbs, bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Wyoming big
needlegrass sagebrush, other shrubs, other perennial forbs, other
perennial grasses, Thurber's needlegrass
Typical profile: Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very stony loam Management
Layer 2—8 to 34 inches; very gravelly clay For information about managing this map unit, see the
Layer 3—34 to 44 inches; bedrock following sections and associated tables in this
publication:
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical "Range" section
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high 342—Chalco-Saraph-Tuffo association
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
inches Map Unit Setting
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): MLRA: 23
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Landscape: Hills
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Elevation: 4,640 to 6,160
Present flooding: None Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches
Present ponding: None Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Natural drainage class: Well drained Frost-free period: 60 to 120 days
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 63
Composition Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, other perennial
Chalco very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—40 grasses, Wyoming big sagebrush, other perennial
percent forbs, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent
slopes—30 percent Typical profile:
Tuffo very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
slopes—15 percent Layer 2—4 to 9 inches; ashy sandy loam
Badland variable, 30 to 75 percent slopes—8 percent Layer 3—9 to 16 inches; ashy clay loam
Hangrock very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 8 percent Layer 4—16 to 30 inches; bedrock
slopes—6 percent
Skedaddle very gravelly sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
slopes—1 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description Component Properties and Qualities
Chalco and similar soils Runoff: Very high
Landform: Hills Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
Slope: 15 to 50 percent inches
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
lake-laid tuff Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Typical vegetation: Webber needlegrass, Lahontan slow)
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Thurber's needlegrass, Indian ricegrass Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loam
Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; clay
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 3—15 to 30 inches; bedrock
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Component Description
Soil Properties” table for more information. Tuffo and similar soils
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Component Properties and Qualities Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Runoff: Very high Parent material: Residuum derived from tuffaceous
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20 rocks
inches Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, other
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, perennial forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big
(Permeability class: Very slow) sagebrush, other perennial grasses, Indian ricegrass
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None Typical profile:
Present ponding: None Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Natural drainage class: Well drained Layer 2—1 to 8 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—8 to 30 inches; bedrock
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12 Soil Properties” table for more information.
P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: Very high
Saraph and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 4 to 14
Landform: Summits of hills inches
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
64 Soil Survey of
Available water capacity: About 1.1 inches Frost-free period: 60 to 120 days
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Composition
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained Chalco very gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—50
percent
Interpretive Groups Verdico cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—25
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s percent
Ecological site: R023XY088NV—Chalky knoll Skedaddle very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—15 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Wylo very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—4 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Pickup very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—3
section. percent
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—3
Contrasting Inclusions percent
Badland
Composition: 0 to 8 percent Component Description
Slope: 30 to 75 percent Chalco and similar soils
Landform: Hills Landform: Summits of hills
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Hangrock and similar soils Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Composition: 0 to 6 percent lake-laid tuff
Slope: 4 to 8 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Webber
Landform: Fan remnants needlegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Lahontan
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, other shrubs
needlegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
forbs, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs Typical profile:
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent cobbles, 39
percent gravel, 7 percent fine gravel
Skedaddle and similar soils Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; clay
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Layer 3—15 to 30 inches; bedrock
Landform: Backslopes of hills
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Wyoming big See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial Soil Properties” table for more information.
grasses, bottlebrush squirreltail, Indian ricegrass
Ecological site: R023XY088NV—Chalky knoll Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
Management Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20
For information about managing this map unit, see the inches
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
publication: (Permeability class: Very slow)
"Range" section Available water capacity: About 2 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
343—Chalco-Verdico-Skedaddle
association Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
MLRA: 23 P.Z.
Landscape: Hills
Elevation: 5,200 to 5,610 Component Description
Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches Verdico and similar soils
Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Shoulders of hills
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 65
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Colluvium and/or residuum weathered Runoff: High
from tuff Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 4 to 12
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Lahontan inches
sagebrush, ephedra, other shrubs, spiny hopsage, Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial grasses, Indian (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush
Available water capacity: About 0.9 inches
squirreltail
Present flooding: None
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones, 10 Natural drainage class: Well drained
percent cobbles, 10 percent gravel
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; cobbly sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—3 to 17 inches; clay Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 3—17 to 22 inches; gravelly clay Ecological site: R023XY088NV—Chalky knoll
Layer 4—22 to 32 inches; bedrock
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Soil Properties” table for more information.
section.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Contrasting Inclusions
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Wylo and similar soils
inches Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, Slope: 4 to 15 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
(Permeability class: Very slow) Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on shoulders
Available water capacity: About 3 inches of hills
Present flooding: None Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial
Present ponding: None forbs, bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
Natural drainage class: Well drained
needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY047NV—Gravelly clay 8-10 P.Z. Pickup and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Component Description Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Skedaddle and similar soils Landform: Hills
Landform: Hills Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial
Slope: 4 to 15 percent forbs, bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from needlegrass
volcanic rocks Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
perennial forbs, bottlebrush squirreltail, Indian
Reywat and similar soils
ricegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical profile: Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of hills
Layer 2—2 to 10 inches; very gravelly loam Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Layer 3—10 to 20 inches; bedrock antelope bitterbrush, Wyoming big sagebrush,
bluebunch wheatgrass
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Soil Properties” table for more information. P.Z.
66 Soil Survey of
Management Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
For information about managing this map unit, see the Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
following sections and associated tables in this Available water capacity: About 7 inches
publication: Present flooding: None
"Range" section Present ponding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
344—Coppersmith-Bareranch association Irrigated land capability: 3c
Nonirrigated land capability: 6c
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY098NV—Deep loamy 10-12 P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Fan piedmont Component Description
Elevation: 4,600 to 5,480 Bareranch and similar soils
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches Landform: West to east aspects on beach terraces
Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Slope: 8 to 30 percent, west to east aspects
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
Composition Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
Coppersmith ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes— wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, big sagebrush
50 percent
Bareranch very stony ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent Typical profile:
slopes—35 percent Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Nevadash gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent Layer 1—0 to 9 inches; very stony ashy sandy loam
slopes—5 percent Layer 2—9 to 29 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam
Saraph very cobbly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent Layer 3—29 to 42 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam
slopes—4 percent Layer 4—42 to 60 inches; bedrock
Bucklake very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—3
percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Devada very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—3 Soil Properties” table for more information.
percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: Medium
Coppersmith and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 40 to 60
Landform: Beach terraces inches
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Parent material: Volcanic ash, alluvium derived from Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
volcanic rock and eolian deposits Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Present flooding: None
bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, big Present ponding: None
sagebrush, squaw apple Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile: Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; ashy sandy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 2—5 to 16 inches; ashy sandy clay loam Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z.
Layer 3—16 to 39 inches; ashy fine sandy loam
Layer 4—39 to 60 inches; ashy loamy sand Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical section.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Contrasting Inclusions
Component Properties and Qualities Nevadash and similar soils
Runoff: Medium Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 67
Slope: 2 to 4 percent Frost-free period: 50 to 100 days
Landform: Fan aprons, lake plains
Typical vegetation: Thickspike wheatgrass, basin Composition
wildrye, big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other Cormol very cobbly ashy loam, 15 to 50 percent
shrubs, spiny hopsage slopes—50 percent
Ecological site: R023XY097NV—Loamy fan 8-10 P.Z. Bucklake very cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—20
percent
Saraph and similar soils Devada very cobbly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—15
Composition: 0 to 4 percent percent
Slope: 8 to 15 percent Pickup very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—6
Landform: Summits of rock pediments percent
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Wyoming big Nosavvy very cobbly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent
sagebrush, other shrubs, other perennial grasses, slopes—4 percent
Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass Old Camp very stony loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—3
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. percent
Tuffo very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent
Bucklake and similar soils slopes—2 percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Component Description
Landform: Hills Cormol and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye, Landform: East to southwest aspects on backslopes of
bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, plateaus
antelope bitterbrush Slope: 15 to 50 percent, east to southwest aspects
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Parent material: Volcanic ash and residuum weathered
P.Z. from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Devada and similar soils bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush,
Composition: 0 to 3 percent antelope bitterbrush
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Landform: Backslopes of hills Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
low sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, other Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very cobbly ashy loam
perennial forbs Layer 2—3 to 7 inches; ashy loam
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Layer 3—7 to 11 inches; ashy sandy clay loam
Layer 4—11 to 18 inches; very paragravelly ashy sandy
Management clay loam
For information about managing this map unit, see the Layer 5—18 to 34 inches; bedrock
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
"Range" section Soil Properties” table for more information.
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
345—Cormol-Bucklake-Devada association inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Map Unit Setting Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
MLRA: 23 slow)
Landscape: Plateau Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Elevation: 4,820 to 7,000 Present flooding: None
Precipitation: 10 to 13 inches Present ponding: None
Air temperature: 44 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Natural drainage class: Well drained
68 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly loam
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Layer 2—6 to 17 inches; clay
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Layer 3—17 to 27 inches; bedrock
P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Component Description Soil Properties” table for more information.
Bucklake and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Runoff: Very high
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock inches
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
bitterbrush, Wyoming big sagebrush, basin wildrye, Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Thurber's needlegrass Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21 Natural drainage class: Well drained
percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel, 2 percent fine
gravel Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay
Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical section.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Contrasting Inclusions
Component Properties and Qualities Pickup and similar soils
Runoff: Very high Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40 Slope: 30 to 50 percent
inches Landform: Plateaus
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass,
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Lahontan sagebrush
Present flooding: None Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Nosavvy and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Interpretive Groups Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber
P.Z. needlegrass, other perennial forbs, Lahontan
sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, other shrubs
Component Description Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
Devada and similar soils P.Z.
Landform: Summits of plateaus
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Old Camp and similar soils
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Slope: 8 to 30 percent
low sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, other Landform: Summits of plateaus
perennial forbs Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Typical profile: forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 69
Tuffo and similar soils Layer 3—6 to 13 inches; clay loam
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Layer 4—13 to 22 inches; clay loam
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Layer 3—22 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows ashy silt loam
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Wyoming big
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
grasses, bottlebrush squirreltail, Indian ricegrass Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: R023XY088NV—Chalky knoll
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: Medium
For information about managing this map unit, see the Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
following sections and associated tables in this Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
publication: Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
"Range" section Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Available water capacity: About 10 inches
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
346—Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 Natural drainage class: Well drained
percent slopes
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
MLRA: 23 Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z.
Landscape: Basin
Elevation: 4,460 to 6,030 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit section.
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days
Contrasting Inclusions
Composition Pegler and similar soils
Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 Composition: 0 to 4 percent
percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Pegler ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 Landform: Rock pediments
percent Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Wyoming big
Jesayno ashy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent sagebrush, spiny hopsage, other shrubs, Sandberg
Valmy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush
Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent squirreltail
slopes—2 percent Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10
P.Z.
Component Description
Couch and similar soils Jesayno and similar soils
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Landform: Inset fans
from volcanic rock Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, western
Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, basin wildrye, wheatgrass, Nevada bluegrass, basin big sagebrush,
other perennial grasses, bottlebrush squirreltail, other basin wildrye
perennial forbs, big sagebrush, spiny hopsage, other Ecological site: R023XY005NV—Dry floodplain
shrubs
Valmy and similar soils
Typical profile: Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; ashy fine sandy loam Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 2—1 to 6 inches; clay Landform: Fan skirts
70 Soil Survey of
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, basin wildrye, Layer 3—22 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to
other perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, other ashy silt loam
shrubs, big sagebrush, spiny hopsage, black
greasewood See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z. Soil Properties” table for more information.
Crutcher and similar soils Component Properties and Qualities
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Runoff: Medium
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Landform: Alluvial flats Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, Nevada Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
bluegrass, basin wildrye, inland saltgrass Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Available water capacity: About 8 inches
Present flooding: None
Management Present ponding: None
For information about managing this map unit, see the Natural drainage class: Well drained
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Interpretive Groups
"Range" section Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Ecological site: R023XY002NV—Saline meadow
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
347—Couch ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
slopes section.
Map Unit Setting Contrasting Inclusions
MLRA: 23 Hovey and similar soils
Landscape: Basin Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,540 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Landform: Lake terraces
Air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: —- Bidwell and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Composition Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 Landform: Fan remnants
percent Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs,
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Bidwell ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, big sagebrush
Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent P.Z.
Component Description
Lolak and similar soils
Couch and similar soils
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Landform: Lake terraces
from volcanic rock Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, Nevada bluegrass, Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood
basin wildrye, other perennial grasses, Lemmon's Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
alkaligrass
Hussa and similar soils
Typical profile: Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; ashy fine sandy loam Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 2—1 to 22 inches; clay Landform: Lake terraces
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 71
Management Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Available water capacity: About 6 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Present flooding: None
publication: Present ponding: None
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Well drained
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY002NV—Saline meadow
348—Couch ashy loam, clay substratum, 0
to 2 percent slopes
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Map Unit Setting characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
MLRA: 23 section.
Landscape: Basin
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,710 Contrasting Inclusions
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Couch and similar soils
Air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants
Composition Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Lemmon's
Couch ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 percent alkaligrass, inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, Nevada
Couch ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
bluegrass
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Ecological site: R023XY002NV—Saline meadow
Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—1 percent
Hovey and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Component Description
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Couch and similar soils
Landform: Lake terraces
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Lolak and similar soils
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
from volcanic rock
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
Landform: Lake terraces
Nevada bluegrass, other perennial grasses,
Lemmon's alkaligrass Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, Nevada bluegrass,
black greasewood, basin wildrye
Typical profile: Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; ashy loam
Layer 2—1 to 22 inches; clay Hussa and similar soils
Layer 3—22 to 40 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to Composition: 0 to 1 percent
ashy silt loam Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 4—40 to 60 inches; clay Landform: Lake terraces
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Management
Soil Properties” table for more information.
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Medium publication:
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, "Range" section
(Permeability class: Very slow) "Crops and Pasture" section
Salinity: Saline within 40 inches "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
72 Soil Survey of
349—Couch-Jesayno association Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z.
Map Unit Setting Component Description
MLRA: 23 Jesayno and similar soils
Landscape: Basin Landform: Inset fans
Elevation: 4,460 to 5,600 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Parent material: Volcanic ash and alluvium over
Air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit lacustrine deposits
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, basin big sagebrush,
other perennial forbs, western wheatgrass, Nevada
Composition bluegrass
Couch ashy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—50 percent
Jesayno ashy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—35 Typical profile:
percent Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy silt loam
Macnot gravelly ashy sandy loam, 0 to 4 percent Layer 2—12 to 24 inches; ashy silt loam
slopes—8 percent Layer 3—24 to 41 inches; ashy silt loam
Nevadash gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent Layer 4—41 to 60 inches; ashy silt loam
slopes—7 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Component Description Soil Properties” table for more information.
Couch and similar soils
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Runoff: Low
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
from volcanic rock Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, other perennial forbs, slow)
other perennial grasses, spiny hopsage, bottlebrush Available water capacity: About 11 inches
squirreltail, big sagebrush, other shrubs, black Present flooding: Occasional
greasewood Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; ashy silt loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—1 to 6 inches; clay Nonirrigated land capability: 6c
Layer 3—6 to 13 inches; clay loam Ecological site: R023XY005NV—Dry floodplain
Layer 4—13 to 22 inches; clay loam
Layer 3—22 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
ashy silt loam characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Contrasting Inclusions
Macnot and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Composition: 0 to 8 percent
Runoff: Medium Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Landform: Alluvial fans
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Typical vegetation: Spiny hopsage, thickspike
Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches wheatgrass, basin wildrye, big sagebrush, other
Available water capacity: About 10 inches perennial forbs, other shrubs
Present flooding: None Ecological site: R023XY097NV—Loamy fan 8-10 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Nevadash and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 7 percent
Interpretive Groups Slope: 2 to 4 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Landform: Fan aprons, lake plains
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 73
Typical vegetation: Spiny hopsage, other shrubs, other See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
perennial forbs, big sagebrush, basin wildrye, Soil Properties” table for more information.
thickspike wheatgrass
Ecological site: R023XY097NV—Loamy fan 8-10 P.Z. Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Medium
Management Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
For information about managing this map unit, see the Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
following sections and associated tables in this Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
publication: Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
"Range" section Available water capacity: About 10 inches
"Crops and Pasture" section Present flooding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
350—Couch-Nevadash association Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Basin Component Description
Elevation: 4,500 to 5,070 Nevadash and similar soils
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Landform: Fan aprons, lake plains
Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Slope: 2 to 4 percent
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
from igneous and sedimentary rock
Composition Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other shrubs,
Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes—50 spiny hopsage, big sagebrush, basin wildrye,
percent thickspike wheatgrass
Nevadash gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent
slopes—40 percent Typical profile:
Jesayno ashy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Davey loamy fine sand, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; ashy sandy clay loam
Valmy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent Layer 3—5 to 17 inches; ashy sandy clay loam
Layer 4—17 to 28 inches; ashy fine sandy loam
Component Description Layer 5—28 to 44 inches; ashy fine sandy loam
Couch and similar soils Layer 6—44 to 68 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants
Slope: 2 to 4 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Soil Properties” table for more information.
from volcanic rock
Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, basin wildrye,
Runoff: Low
other perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, big Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
sagebrush, spiny hopsage, black greasewood, other Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
shrubs Available water capacity: About 8 inches
Present flooding: None
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; ashy fine sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 2—1 to 6 inches; clay
Layer 3—6 to 13 inches; clay loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 4—13 to 22 inches; clay loam Irrigated land capability: 2e
Layer 3—22 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to Nonirrigated land capability: 6c
ashy silt loam Ecological site: R023XY097NV—Loamy fan 8-10 P.Z.
74 Soil Survey of
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Composition
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to
section. 30 percent slopes—60 percent
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent
Contrasting Inclusions slopes—30 percent
Jesayno and similar soils Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent slopes—5 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent
Landform: Inset fans slopes—3 percent
Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, basin wildrye, Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
basin big sagebrush, western wheatgrass, other slopes—2 percent
perennial forbs
Ecological site: R023XY005NV—Dry floodplain Component Description
Cowbell and similar soils
Davey and similar soils Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
Composition: 0 to 3 percent mountains
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Landform: Sand sheets Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, spiny hopsage, other from volcanic rocks
shrubs, black greasewood, big sagebrush, other Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, bottlebrush bluebunch wheatgrass, Cusick's bluegrass, mountain
squirreltail big sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany
Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z. Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones
Valmy and similar soils Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy mucky
Composition: 0 to 2 percent sandy loam
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Layer 2—3 to 9 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
Landform: Fan skirts Layer 3—9 to 40 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy clay
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, basin loam
wildrye, spiny hopsage, big sagebrush, other Layer 4—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy clay
perennial forbs, black greasewood, bottlebrush loam
squirreltail, other shrubs
Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z. See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the Component Properties and Qualities
following sections and associated tables in this Runoff: Medium
publication: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Range" section Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
"Crops and Pasture" section Available water capacity: About 10 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
351—Cowbell-Brownsbowl association
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
MLRA: 23 Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 5,800 to 7,420 Component Description
Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches Brownsbowl and similar soils
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on mountains
Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days Slope: 8 to 15 percent, northeast to northwest aspects
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 75
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope
from andesite bitterbrush
Typical vegetation: Mountain brome, melic, needlegrass, Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Idaho fescue,
mountain big sagebrush Hashwoods and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Typical profile: Slope: 4 to 15 percent, northwest to northeast aspects
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on mountains
Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen
Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam Forest understory—mountain brome, slender
Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam wheatgrass, Nevada bluegrass, other perennial
Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine grasses, other perennial forbs, other shrubs,
sandy loam snowberry, quaking aspen
Ecological site: F023XY028NV
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Management
Soil Properties” table for more information.
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Component Properties and Qualities
publication:
Runoff: Low
"Range" section
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Available water capacity: About 6 inches
Present flooding: None
352—Crazybird-Warnermount association
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 21
Interpretive Groups Landscape: Mountains
Nonirrigated land capability: 7c Elevation: 4,480 to 6,720
Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z. Precipitation: 16 to 30 inches
Air temperature: 41 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Frost-free period: 50 to 80 days
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. Composition
Crazybird very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50
Contrasting Inclusions percent slopes—35 percent
Snag and similar soils Warnermount gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 50 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent slopes—30 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Crazybird very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50
Landform: Ground moraines percent slopes—20 percent
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, Idaho Welltomas very gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 30 percent
fescue, basin wildrye, bluegrass, other perennial slopes—4 percent
grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain big Lithic Argixerolls very gravelly ashy loam, cool, 15 to 50
sagebrush, other shrubs, snowberry percent slopes—3 percent
Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z. Dawgbuffer very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30
percent slopes—2 percent
Hutchley and similar soils Hartner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 75 percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent slopes—2 percent
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Histic Cryaquolls muck, cool, 4 to 15 percent slopes—1
Landform: Summits of mountains percent
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain big Lyonman gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent
sagebrush, Idaho fescue, basin wildrye, other slopes—1 percent
76 Soil Survey of
Rock outcrop, 30 to 75 percent slopes—1 percent Layer 2—2 to 10 inches; very stony ashy loam
Vitrandic Haploxerolls extremely cobbly ashy loam, cool, Layer 3—10 to 33 inches; extremely cobbly ashy clay
2 to 8 percent slopes—1 percent loam
Layer 4—33 to 43 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Crazybird and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Mountain slopes Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from Component Properties and Qualities
pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from Runoff: Very high
pyroclastic rock Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, needlegrass, other trees, inches
other shrubs, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
forbs, mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Typical profile: Present flooding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 10 Present ponding: None
percent cobbles, 1 percent stones Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; very gravelly ashy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 3—15 to 25 inches; bedrock Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Ecological site: R021XE201CA—Ashy slope
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Component Description
Crazybird and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Landform: Mountain slopes
Runoff: Very high Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20 Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from
inches pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): pyroclastic rock
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other
Available water capacity: About 2 inches perennial forbs, Nevada bluegrass, Idaho fescue,
Present flooding: None bluebunch wheatgrass
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 10
Interpretive Groups percent cobbles, 1 percent stones
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Ecological site: R021XE205CA—South slope Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
Layer 3—15 to 25 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Warnermount warm and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Mountain slopes Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Component Properties and Qualities
from volcanic rock Runoff: Very high
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Nevada bluegrass, inches
Idaho fescue, mountain big sagebrush Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Typical profile: Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Surface rock fragments: About 25 percent gravel, 5 Present flooding: None
percent cobbles, 5 percent stones Present ponding: None
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly ashy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 77
Interpretive Groups Histic Cryaquolls and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Ecological site: R021XE223CA—Ashy loamy slope Classification: Ashy, glassy Histic Cryaquolls
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Landform: Mountain slopes
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Typical vegetation: Sedge, tufted hairgrass, other
section. perennial forbs, rush, other perennial grasses
Ecological site: R021XE226CA—Seep
Contrasting Inclusions
Welltomas and similar soils Lyonman and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Typical vegetation: Western juniper, low sagebrush, Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—ponderosa pine
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, other Forest understory—other perennial grasses,
shrubs, bluegrass roundleaf snowberry, needlegrass, Ross' sedge,
Ecological site: R021XE214CA—Claypan other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Wheeler
bluegrass, ponderosa pine
Lithic Argixerolls and similar soils Ecological site: F021XE230CA
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, frigid Lithic Rock outcrop
Argixerolls Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Slope: 30 to 75 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes Landform: Backslopes of escarpments
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
Forest understory—antelope bitterbrush, other Vitrandic Haploxerolls and similar soils
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, Thurber's Composition: 0 to 1 percent
needlegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, mountain big Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, frigid Vitrandic
sagebrush, western juniper, other shrubs Haploxerolls
Ecological site: F021XE237CA Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Dawgbuffer and similar soils Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Forest understory—slender wheatgrass, redosier
Slope: 8 to 30 percent dogwood, other shrubs, Kentucky bluegrass, other
Landform: Mountain slopes perennial grasses, other annual forbs, other perennial
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, forbs, black cottonwood, Woods' rose, willow
needlegrass, mountain brome, bluegrass, other trees, Ecological site: F021XE238CA
roundleaf snowberry, curl-leaf mountain mahogany,
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs Management
Ecological site: R021XE210CA—Mahogany Savanna For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Hartner and similar soils publication:
Composition: 0 to 2 percent "Range" section
Slope: 30 to 75 percent "Forest land" section
Landform: Backslopes of mountains "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, mountain big
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, western juniper,
antelope bitterbrush, purple sage, other shrubs, other 353—Crazybird-Welltomas association
perennial grasses, needlegrass, rubber rabbitbrush,
Indian ricegrass Map Unit Setting
Ecological site: R021XE204CA—Eroded slope MLRA: 21
78 Soil Survey of
Landscape: Mountains Natural drainage class: Well drained
Elevation: 4,900 to 7,000
Precipitation: 16 to 30 inches Interpretive Groups
Air temperature: 41 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Nonirrigated land capability: 6s
Frost-free period: 50 to 80 days Ecological site: R021XE205CA—South slope
Composition Component Description
Crazybird very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 Welltomas and similar soils
percent slopes—50 percent Landform: Mountain slopes
Welltomas very gravelly ashy loam, cool, 15 to 50 Slope: 15 to 50 percent
percent slopes—35 percent Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from
Warnermount gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 50 percent pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from
slopes—4 percent pyroclastic rock
Hartner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 75 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
slopes—3 percent other shrubs, western juniper, low sagebrush,
Rock outcrop, 30 to 75 percent slopes—3 percent bluebunch wheatgrass
Dawgbuffer very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30
percent slopes—2 percent Typical profile:
Lyonman gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent Surface rock fragments: About 45 percent gravel, 5
slopes—2 percent percent cobbles, 5 percent stones
Lithic Argixerolls very gravelly ashy loam, cool, 15 to 50 Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
percent slopes—1 percent Layer 2—2 to 7 inches; very gravelly ashy clay loam
Layer 3—7 to 17 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Crazybird and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Mountain slopes Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from Component Properties and Qualities
pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from Runoff: Very high
pyroclastic rock Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, bluegrass, bluebunch inches
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs, other Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
trees Available water capacity: About 1.1 inches
Present flooding: None
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 10 Natural drainage class: Well drained
percent cobbles, 1 percent stones
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—3 to 15 inches; very gravelly ashy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 3—15 to 25 inches; bedrock Ecological site: R021XE214CA—Claypan
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Soil Properties” table for more information. characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high Contrasting Inclusions
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20 Warnermount warm and similar soils
inches Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) Landform: Mountain slopes
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big
Present flooding: None sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, Idaho fescue, other
Present ponding: None perennial forbs, Nevada bluegrass
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 79
Ecological site: R021XE201CA—Ashy slope Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Hartner and similar soils following sections and associated tables in this
Composition: 0 to 3 percent publication:
Slope: 30 to 75 percent "Range" section
Landform: Backslopes of mountains "Forest land" section
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, western juniper, "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
other shrubs, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
wheatgrass, purple sage, needlegrass, Indian
ricegrass, rubber rabbitbrush, mountain big 354—Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam
sagebrush, other perennial grasses
Ecological site: R021XE204CA—Eroded slope Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
Rock outcrop Landscape: Basin
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Elevation: 4,460 to 5,610
Slope: 30 to 75 percent Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches
Landform: Backslopes of escarpments Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days
Dawgbuffer and similar soils
Composition
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 8 to 30 percent
slopes—85 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Emagert ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—7 percent
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, roundleaf snowberry,
Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4
needlegrass, mountain brome, bluebunch
percent
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, other trees, curl-
Pegler ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2
leaf mountain mahogany, mountain big sagebrush
percent
Ecological site: R021XE210CA—Mahogany Savanna
Weimer clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent
Lyonman and similar soils Component Description
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Crutcher and similar soils
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Landform: Alluvial flats
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—ponderosa pine Parent material: Volcanic ash and alluvium over
Forest understory—needlegrass, Wheeler bluegrass, lacustrine deposits
ponderosa pine, roundleaf snowberry, Ross' sedge, Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, Nevada bluegrass,
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, other perennial black greasewood, basin wildrye
grasses
Ecological site: F021XE230CA Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; ashy very fine sandy loam
Lithic Argixerolls and similar soils Layer 2—5 to 15 inches; ashy loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Layer 3—15 to 22 inches; ashy silt loam
Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, frigid Lithic Layer 4—22 to 43 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to
Argixerolls ashy silty clay loam
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Layer 5—43 to 74 inches; paragravelly ashy silty clay
Landform: Mountain slopes loam
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
Forest understory—western juniper, mountain big See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass, antelope Soil Properties” table for more information.
bitterbrush, other perennial grasses, Sandberg
bluegrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs Component Properties and Qualities
Ecological site: F021XE237CA Runoff: Very low
80 Soil Survey of
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) perennial grasses, mat muhly, other annual forbs,
Salinity: Saline within 40 inches povertyweed
Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches Ecological site: R023XY023NV—Wet clay basin
Available water capacity: About 11 inches
Present flooding: Rare Management
Present ponding: None For information about managing this map unit, see the
Water table: Present following sections and associated tables in this
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained publication:
"Range" section
Interpretive Groups "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
355—Crutcher-Isolde association
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Map Unit Setting
section. MLRA: 23
Landscape: Basin
Contrasting Inclusions Elevation: 4,470 to 4,510
Emagert and similar soils Precipitation: 5 to 10 inches
Composition: 0 to 7 percent Air temperature: 45 to 51 degrees Fahrenheit
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Frost-free period: 90 to 120 days
Landform: Stream terraces
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, basin wildrye, Composition
Nevada bluegrass, other perennial grasses, basin big Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
sagebrush slopes—55 percent
Ecological site: R023XY009NV—Loamy bottom 8-12 Isolde fine sand, 4 to 15 percent slopes—30 percent
P.Z. Raglan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5
percent
Couch and similar soils Saltmount silty clay loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes—5
Composition: 0 to 4 percent percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Zorravista fine sand, 4 to 15 percent slopes—5 percent
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, basin wildrye, Component Description
other perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, big Crutcher and similar soils
sagebrush, spiny hopsage, black greasewood, other Landform: Alluvial flats
shrubs Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z. Parent material: Volcanic ash and alluvium over
lacustrine deposits
Pegler and similar soils Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Rock pediments Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Sandberg bluegrass, bottlebrush Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; ashy very fine sandy loam
squirreltail, Wyoming big sagebrush, spiny hopsage, Layer 2—5 to 15 inches; ashy loam
other shrubs, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass Layer 3—15 to 22 inches; ashy silt loam
Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10 Layer 4—22 to 43 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to
P.Z. ashy silty clay loam
Layer 5—43 to 74 inches; paragravelly ashy silty clay
Weimer and similar soils loam
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Lake plains Soil Properties” table for more information.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 81
Component Properties and Qualities Contrasting Inclusions
Runoff: Very low Raglan and similar soils
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Composition: 0 to 5 percent
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Salinity: Saline within 40 inches Landform: Lake terraces
Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
bottlebrush squirreltail, other perennial grasses, black
Available water capacity: About 11 inches
greasewood, bud sagebrush, shadscale
Present flooding: Rare
Ecological site: R024XY003NV—Sodic terrace 6-8 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Water table: Present Saltmount and similar soils
Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Interpretive Groups Landform: Dunes
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, inland saltgrass, other
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom shrubs, black greasewood
Ecological site: R024XY011NV—Sodic flat 6-8 P.Z.
Component Description
Isolde and similar soils Zorravista and similar soils
Landform: Dunes Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Eolian material Landform: Dunes
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, other perennial Typical vegetation: Spiny hopsage, Indian ricegrass,
forbs, other shrubs, black greasewood, spiny basin wildrye, other perennial forbs, basin big
hopsage, other perennial grasses, needleandthread, sagebrush, fourwing saltbush, other shrubs
basin wildrye Ecological site: R023XY011NV—Dunes 8-10 P.Z.
Typical profile: Management
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; fine sand For information about managing this map unit, see the
Layer 2—7 to 60 inches; fine sand following sections and associated tables in this
publication:
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical "Range" section
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Very 356—Cuminvar muck
high, (Permeability class: Very rapid)
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Map Unit Setting
Present flooding: None MLRA: 23
Present ponding: None Landscape: Basin
Natural drainage class: Excessively drained Elevation: 4,470 to 4,520
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Interpretive Groups Air temperature: 42 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Irrigated land capability: 4s Frost-free period: 100 to 130 days
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R024XY066NV—Sodic Dunes Composition
Cuminvar muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Cuminvar muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
section. Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
82 Soil Survey of
Component Description Management
Cuminvar and similar soils For information about managing this map unit, see the
Landform: Lake terraces following sections and associated tables in this
Slope: 0 to 2 percent publication:
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or lacustrine deposits "Range" section
derived from volcanic rock "Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; muck
357—Cuminvar muck, drained
Layer 2—8 to 15 inches; ashy silt loam
Layer 3—15 to 72 inches; clay Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Landscape: Basin
Soil Properties” table for more information. Elevation: 4,470 to 4,530
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Component Properties and Qualities Air temperature: 42 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Runoff: High Frost-free period: 100 to 130 days
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Composition
Cuminvar muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent
Available water capacity: About 10 inches
Cuminvar muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Present flooding: None
Bicondoa clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
Present ponding: None Dangvar ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent
Water table: Present
Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Component Description
Cuminvar and similar soils
Interpretive Groups Landform: Lake terraces
Irrigated land capability: 6w Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 6w Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or lacustrine deposits
derived from volcanic rock
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Typical profile:
section. Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; muck
Layer 2—8 to 15 inches; ashy silt loam
Contrasting Inclusions Layer 3—15 to 72 inches; clay
Lolak and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Lake terraces
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, Component Properties and Qualities
Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood Runoff: Very high
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Cuminvar and similar soils Available water capacity: About 10 inches
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Present flooding: None
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Present ponding: None
Landform: Lake terraces Water table: Present
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Hussa and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Interpretive Groups
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Irrigated land capability: 4w
Landform: Lake terraces Nonirrigated land capability: 6w
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 83
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Component Description
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Cummings and similar soils
section. Landform: Flood plains
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Contrasting Inclusions Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or lacustrine deposits
Cuminvar and similar soils derived from volcanic rock
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Typical vegetation: Sedge, meadow barley, rush,
Slope: 0 to 2 percent bluegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Landform: Lake terraces forbs, tufted hairgrass
Bicondoa and similar soils Typical profile:
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Layer 2—6 to 28 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Landform: Flood plains Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Layer 4—34 to 44 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Dangvar and similar soils Layer 5—44 to 63 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Summits of lake terraces Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood Component Properties and Qualities
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Runoff: Very high
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Management Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
For information about managing this map unit, see the slow)
following sections and associated tables in this Available water capacity: About 11 inches
publication: Present flooding: Occasional
"Range" section Present ponding: None
"Crops and Pasture" section Water table: Present
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained
Interpretive Groups
358—Cummings ashy silty clay loam Irrigated land capability: 6w
Nonirrigated land capability: 6w
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Basin Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Elevation: 5,240 to 5,270 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches section.
Air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Contrasting Inclusions
Grimlake and similar soils
Composition Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Cummings ashy silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes— Slope: 0 to 2 percent
90 percent Landform: Lake plain alluvial flats
Grimlake cobbly clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
Weimer clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass, sedge
Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
slopes—2 percent
Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—1 Weimer and similar soils
percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
84 Soil Survey of
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Component Description
Landform: Lake plains Cummings and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Other annual forbs, povertyweed, Landform: Lake terraces
mat muhly, other perennial forbs, other perennial Slope: 0 to 2 percent
grasses Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or lacustrine deposits
Ecological site: R023XY023NV—Wet clay basin derived from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Other annual forbs, other perennial
Crutcher and similar soils grasses, other perennial forbs, mat muhly,
Composition: 0 to 2 percent povertyweed
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Alluvial flats Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, Nevada bluegrass, Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; mucky ashy silty clay loam
basin wildrye, black greasewood Layer 2—6 to 28 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Layer 4—34 to 44 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Couch and similar soils Layer 5—44 to 63 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, spiny
hopsage, big sagebrush, bottlebrush squirreltail, Component Properties and Qualities
black greasewood, basin wildrye, other perennial Runoff: Very high
forbs, other shrubs Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z. Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
Management Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Available water capacity: About 11 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Present flooding: None
publication: Present ponding: None
"Range" section Water table: Present
"Crops and Pasture" section Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Irrigated land capability: 6w
359—Cummings mucky ashy silty clay loam Nonirrigated land capability: 6w
Ecological site: R023XY023NV—Wet clay basin
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Landscape: Basin characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Elevation: 5,240 to 5,260 section.
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 40 to 44 degrees Fahrenheit Contrasting Inclusions
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Weimer and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Composition Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Cummings mucky ashy silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent Landform: Lake plains
slopes—90 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
Weimer clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent perennial forbs, mat muhly, povertyweed, other
Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 annual forbs
percent Ecological site: R023XY023NV—Wet clay basin
Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
slopes—2 percent Couch and similar soils
Grimlake cobbly clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 85
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Component Description
Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants Dangvar and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, bottlebrush Landform: Summits of lake terraces
squirreltail, basin wildrye, other perennial grasses, Slope: 0 to 2 percent
other perennial forbs, big sagebrush, other shrubs, Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or lacustrine deposits
spiny hopsage derived from volcanic rock
Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z. Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, Nevada bluegrass,
black greasewood, basin wildrye
Crutcher and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Typical profile:
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; ashy loam
Landform: Alluvial flats Layer 2—4 to 17 inches; silty clay
Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, inland saltgrass, Layer 3—17 to 20 inches; cemented
basin wildrye, black greasewood Layer 4—20 to 35 inches; loam
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Layer 5—35 to 54 inches; silty clay loam
Grimlake and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake plain alluvial flats Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, sedge, Runoff: Medium
Nevada bluegrass, other perennial forbs Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
(Permeability class: Very slow)
Management Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Available water capacity: About 2 inches
publication: Present flooding: Rare
"Range" section Present ponding: None
"Crops and Pasture" section Water table: Present
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
Interpretive Groups
360—Dangvar ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent Irrigated land capability: 4w
slopes Nonirrigated land capability: 6w
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Landscape: Basin characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Elevation: 4,460 to 4,580 section.
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Air temperature: 44 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Contrasting Inclusions
Frost-free period: 100 to 130 days Hovey and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Composition Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Dangvar ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 percent Landform: Lake terraces
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Lolak and similar soils
Raglan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 Composition: 0 to 4 percent
percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Landform: Lake terraces
86 Soil Survey of
Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, Nevada Typical profile:
bluegrass, basin wildrye, inland saltgrass Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; ashy loam
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Layer 2—4 to 17 inches; silty clay
Layer 3—17 to 20 inches; cemented
Raglan and similar soils Layer 4—20 to 35 inches; silty clay loam
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Layer 5—35 to 60 inches; silty clay loam
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake terraces See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, other shrubs, Soil Properties” table for more information.
shadscale, bud sagebrush, Indian ricegrass
Ecological site: R024XY002NV—Loamy 5-8 P.Z. Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Medium
Hussa and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Slope: 0 to 2 percent (Permeability class: Very slow)
Landform: Lake terraces Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
Management Available water capacity: About 2 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Present flooding: Rare
following sections and associated tables in this Present ponding: None
publication: Water table: Present
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Somewhat poorly drained
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Interpretive Groups
Irrigated land capability: 4w
Nonirrigated land capability: 7w
361—Dangvar ashy loam, drained, 2 to 5 Ecological site: R023XY002NV—Saline meadow
percent slopes
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Map Unit Setting characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
MLRA: 23 section.
Landscape: Basin
Elevation: 4,470 to 4,580 Contrasting Inclusions
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches Hussa and similar soils
Air temperature: 44 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Frost-free period: 100 to 130 days Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake terraces
Composition Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, sedge, other
Dangvar ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—90 percent perennial grasses, other perennial forbs
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Bidwell ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
Raglan very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 Bidwell and similar soils
percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Component Description Landform: Fan remnants
Dangvar and similar soils Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch
Landform: Summits of lake terraces wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, other
Slope: 2 to 5 percent shrubs, big sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or lacustrine deposits Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
derived from volcanic rock P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
Nevada bluegrass, other perennial grasses, Raglan and similar soils
Lemmon's alkaligrass Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 87
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Lake terraces Runoff: Very low
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Indian ricegrass, Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
bottlebrush squirreltail, bud sagebrush, shadscale (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Ecological site: R024XY002NV—Loamy 5-8 P.Z. Available water capacity: About 6 inches
Present flooding: None
Management Present ponding: None
For information about managing this map unit, see the Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Interpretive Groups
"Range" section Irrigated land capability: 3e
"Crops and Pasture" section Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10
P.Z.
362—Davey sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
slopes characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Contrasting Inclusions
Landscape: Basin Valmy and similar soils
Elevation: 4,690 to 4,830 Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Fan skirts
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, other shrubs,
spiny hopsage, basin wildrye, other perennial
Composition
grasses, big sagebrush, other perennial forbs,
Davey sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes—90 percent
bottlebrush squirreltail
Valmy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5
percent Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z.
Pegler ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3
percent Pegler and similar soils
Zorravista fine sand, 4 to 15 percent slopes—2 percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Component Description Landform: Rock pediments
Davey and similar soils Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Indian ricegrass,
Landform: Lake plains Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail,
Slope: 2 to 4 percent Sandberg bluegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, spiny
Parent material: Mixed alluvium hopsage
Typical vegetation: Spiny hopsage, Indian ricegrass, Ecological site: R024XY020NV—Droughty loam 8-10
Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, P.Z.
Sandberg bluegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, other
shrubs
Zorravista and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; sandy loam Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Layer 2—5 to 14 inches; fine sandy loam Landform: Dunes
Layer 3—14 to 67 inches; loamy fine sand Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, spiny hopsage, Indian
ricegrass, basin wildrye, fourwing saltbush, other
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical perennial forbs, basin big sagebrush
Soil Properties” table for more information. Ecological site: R023XY011NV—Dunes 8-10 P.Z.
88 Soil Survey of
Management See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: Very high
"Crops and Pasture" section Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 7 to 14
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
363—Dawgbuffer-Rock outcrop association Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
Map Unit Setting Present ponding: None
MLRA: 21 Natural drainage class: Well drained
Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 5,200 to 8,260 Interpretive Groups
Precipitation: 16 to 36 inches Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Air temperature: 37 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Ecological site: R021XE210CA—Mahogany Savanna
Frost-free period: 50 to 80 days
Component Description
Rock outcrop
Composition
Landform: Backslopes of escarpments
Dawgbuffer very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50
Slope: 30 to 75 percent
percent slopes—70 percent
Rock outcrop, 30 to 75 percent slopes—15 percent Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Paynepeak gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 30 percent characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
slopes—5 percent section.
Dawgbuffer very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50
percent slopes—3 percent Contrasting Inclusions
Fendersflat gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 50 percent Paynepeak and similar soils
slopes—3 percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Rubble land, 30 to 50 percent slopes—3 percent Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Skidbrackle very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 15 Landform: Mountain slopes
percent slopes—1 percent Typical vegetation: Roundleaf snowberry, other shrubs,
needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush, other
Component Description perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, bluegrass,
Dawgbuffer and similar soils mountain brome
Landform: Mountain slopes Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from Dawgbuffer cool and similar soils
pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from Composition: 0 to 3 percent
pyroclastic rock Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, curl-leaf Landform: Mountain slopes
mountain mahogany, roundleaf snowberry, other Typical vegetation: Mountain brome, needlegrass,
perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass, bluegrass, other shrubs, curl-leaf mountain
mountain brome, other trees, needlegrass mahogany, other perennial forbs
Ecological site: R021XE211CA—Mahogany thicket
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 45 percent cobbles, 20 Fendersflat and similar soils
percent gravel, 5 percent stones Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; extremely gravelly ashy sandy Landform: Mountain slopes
clay loam Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush,
Layer 3—13 to 23 inches; bedrock needlegrass, mountain brome, Sandberg bluegrass,
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 89
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, other Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch
shrubs, roundleaf snowberry wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Ecological site: R021XE206CA—Mountain shoulders Thurber's needlegrass
Rubble land Typical profile:
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 28
Slope: 30 to 50 percent percent cobbles, 19 percent gravel
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly loam
Layer 2—6 to 17 inches; clay
Skidbrackle and similar soils Layer 3—17 to 27 inches; bedrock
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Mountain slopes Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, bluegrass,
Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho fescue, other perennial Component Properties and Qualities
forbs, low sagebrush, other shrubs Runoff: High
Ecological site: R021XE221CA—Claypan Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
inches
Management Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
For information about managing this map unit, see the Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
following sections and associated tables in this Available water capacity: About 2 inches
publication: Present flooding: None
"Range" section Present ponding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
364—Devada-Bieber association Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Map Unit Setting Component Description
MLRA: 23
Bieber and similar soils
Landscape: Plateau
Landform: Fan remnants
Elevation: 5,020 to 6,110
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Precipitation: 9 to 13 inches
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rocks
Air temperature: 44 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass,
Frost-free period: 50 to 100 days
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
sagebrush
Composition
Devada very cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—50
Typical profile:
percent
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very gravelly loam
Bieber very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—35
Layer 2—6 to 10 inches; gravelly clay loam
percent
Layer 3—10 to 16 inches; gravelly clay
Buffaran very gravelly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—8 Layer 4—16 to 31 inches; cemented material
percent Layer 5—31 to 60 inches; stratified cobbly sandy loam to
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—7 very gravelly sandy loam
percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Component Description Soil Properties” table for more information.
Devada and similar soils
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Runoff: High
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 8 to 20 inches
90 Soil Survey of
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, Composition
(Permeability class: Very slow) Devada very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—50
Available water capacity: About 2 inches percent
Present flooding: None Bucklake very cobbly loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—35
Present ponding: None percent
Natural drainage class: Well drained Nitpac very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—4
percent
Interpretive Groups Rock outcrop—4 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Zymans very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—3
percent
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Pickup very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—2
percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Fiddler very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—1
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" percent
section. Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—
1 percent
Contrasting Inclusions
Buffaran and similar soils Component Description
Composition: 0 to 8 percent Devada and similar soils
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Landform: Summits of plateaus
Landform: Shoulders of fan remnants Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Thurber's needlegrass
Reywat and similar soils Typical profile:
Composition: 0 to 7 percent Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly loam
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Layer 2—6 to 17 inches; clay
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye, Layer 3—17 to 27 inches; bedrock
bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush,
antelope bitterbrush See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Soil Properties” table for more information.
P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: High
For information about managing this map unit, see the Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
following sections and associated tables in this inches
publication: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Range" section Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
365—Devada-Bucklake association Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting Interpretive Groups
MLRA: 23 Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Landscape: Plateau Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Elevation: 5,040 to 6,310
Precipitation: 10 to 13 inches Component Description
Air temperature: 44 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Bucklake and similar soils
Frost-free period: 50 to 100 days Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 91
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Zymans and similar soils
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Composition: 0 to 3 percent
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
needlegrass, basin wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, other perennial forbs,
antelope bitterbrush bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z.
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21 Pickup and similar soils
percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel, 2 percent fine Composition: 0 to 2 percent
gravel Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam Landform: Plateaus
Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay wheatgrass, bluegrass, other perennial forbs,
Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock Lahontan sagebrush
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Fiddler and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Component Properties and Qualities Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Runoff: High Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40 Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
inches Forest understory—Thurber's needlegrass,
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): bottlebrush squirreltail, Idaho fescue, Nevada
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) bluegrass, arrowleaf balsamroot, bluebunch
Available water capacity: About 3 inches wheatgrass, Douglas rabbitbrush, antelope
Present flooding: None bitterbrush, Sandberg bluegrass
Present ponding: None Ecological site: F023XY024NV
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Softscrabble and similar soils
Interpretive Groups
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
section.
Management
Contrasting Inclusions
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Nitpac and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent following sections and associated tables in this
Slope: 4 to 15 percent publication:
Landform: Toeslopes of plateaus "Range" section
Typical vegetation: Webber needlegrass, Thurber's "Forest land" section
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluebunch "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
wheatgrass, low sagebrush, bluegrass
Ecological site: R023XY060NV—Cobbly claypan 8-12
P.Z. 366—Devada-Bucklake-Softscrabble
association
Rock outcrop
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Map Unit Setting
Landform: Plateaus MLRA: 23
92 Soil Survey of
Landscape: Mountains Component Description
Elevation: 4,830 to 6,670 Bucklake and similar soils
Precipitation: 10 to 20 inches Landform: Mountains
Air temperature: 43 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Frost-free period: 50 to 110 days Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Composition Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Wyoming big
Devada cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—40 percent sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
Bucklake very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—30 needlegrass, basin wildrye
percent
Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent Typical profile:
slopes—15 percent Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 21
Rubble land, 30 to 50 percent slopes—8 percent percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel, 2 percent fine
Dosie very gravelly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—5 gravel
percent Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam
Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes— Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam
2 percent Layer 3—12 to 24 inches; gravelly clay
Layer 4—24 to 34 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Devada and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Mountains Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Runoff: Very high
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluegrass, Thurber's Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial inches
forbs Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Typical profile: Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 17 Present flooding: None
percent cobbles, 7 percent gravel, 1 percent fine Present ponding: None
gravel Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay Interpretive Groups
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description
Softscrabble and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Mountains
Runoff: High
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
inches
volcanic rocks
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, mountain big
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch
Available water capacity: About 2 inches wheatgrass, basin wildrye, needlegrass
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Typical profile:
Natural drainage class: Well drained Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones, 17
percent cobbles, 30 percent gravel, 3 percent fine
Interpretive Groups gravel
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; very cobbly loam
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 93
Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam Management
Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical publication:
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 71 367—Devada-Dosie-Rubble land
inches association
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Map Unit Setting
Available water capacity: About 8 inches MLRA: 23
Present flooding: None Landscape: Mountains
Present ponding: None Elevation: 5,760 to 6,640
Natural drainage class: Well drained Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 65 to 100 days
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Devada cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—50
percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—20
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" percent
section. Rubble land, 30 to 75 percent slopes—15 percent
Bucklake very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—8
Contrasting Inclusions percent
Rubble land Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—
Composition: 0 to 8 percent 5 percent
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Wylo very stony loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Component Description
Devada and similar soils
Dosie and similar soils Landform: Mountains
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch needlegrass, low sagebrush, other perennial forbs,
wheatgrass, needlegrass, basin wildrye bluegrass
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z.
Typical profile:
Ashtre and similar soils Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, other shrubs, Idaho See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
fescue, bluegrass, other perennial grasses, Soil Properties” table for more information.
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
mountain big sagebrush Component Properties and Qualities
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. Runoff: Very high
94 Soil Survey of
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60
inches inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Present ponding: None
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Interpretive Groups
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Nonirrigated land capability: 8s
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Natural drainage class: Well drained characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Contrasting Inclusions
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Bucklake and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 8 percent
Component Description Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Dosie and similar soils Landform: Mountains
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Slope: 15 to 50 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush,
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from antelope bitterbrush
volcanic rocks Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, needlegrass, mountain P.Z.
big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass
Softscrabble and similar soils
Typical profile: Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent stones Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; very gravelly loam Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Layer 2—5 to 41 inches; very gravelly clay Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big
Layer 3—41 to 51 inches; bedrock sagebrush, other perennial forbs, basin wildrye,
needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Wylo and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Runoff: Very high Slope: 4 to 30 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60 Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on shoulders
inches of mountains
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Lahontan sagebrush
Present flooding: None Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Interpretive Groups following sections and associated tables in this
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s publication:
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Description
Rubble land
Landform: Mountain slopes 368—Devada-Dosie-Softscrabble
Slope: 30 to 75 percent association
Component Properties and Qualities Map Unit Setting
Runoff: Low MLRA: 23
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 95
Landscape: Plateau Component Description
Elevation: 5,240 to 7,020 Dosie and similar soils
Precipitation: 10 to 20 inches Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on
Air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit backslopes of plateaus
Frost-free period: 50 to 110 days Slope: 15 to 50 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Composition volcanic rocks
Devada cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—50 percent Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain big
Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—20 sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye
percent
Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes— Typical profile:
15 percent Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent stones
Tuledad extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes— Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; very gravelly loam
5 percent Layer 2—5 to 41 inches; very gravelly clay
Bidrim extremely stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—4 Layer 3—41 to 51 inches; bedrock
percent
Rock outcrop—3 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Tunnison very cobbly clay, 2 to 8 percent slopes—3 Soil Properties” table for more information.
percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: Very high
Devada and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus inches
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch Available water capacity: About 4 inches
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, Present flooding: None
Thurber's needlegrass Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z.
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Component Description
Soil Properties” table for more information. Softscrabble and similar soils
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Component Properties and Qualities Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Runoff: High Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 volcanic rocks
inches Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): other perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush, mountain
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) big sagebrush, basin wildrye
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
Typical profile:
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; very cobbly loam
Interpretive Groups Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock
96 Soil Survey of
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Management
Soil Properties” table for more information. For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Component Properties and Qualities publication:
Runoff: High "Range" section
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 71 "Forest land" section
inches "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 8 inches 369—Devada-Hart Camp-Tunnison
Present flooding: None association
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
Interpretive Groups Landscape: Plateau
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Elevation: 5,240 to 6,420
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 43 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Frost-free period: 50 to 110 days
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. Composition
Devada very stony loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes—35
Contrasting Inclusions percent
Tuledad and similar soils Hart Camp stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—25
Composition: 0 to 5 percent percent
Slope: 2 to 4 percent Tunnison very cobbly clay, 0 to 8 percent slopes—25
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus percent
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, low Tunnison cobbly clay, 0 to 8 percent slopes—7 percent
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, Sandberg Home Camp stony loam, 8 to 50 percent slopes—4
bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass percent
Ecological site: R023XY044NV—Very cobbly claypan Bidrim extremely stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—3
percent
Bidrim and similar soils Rock outcrop, 2 to 50 percent slopes—1 percent
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Component Description
Landform: Rims Devada and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper Landform: Summits of plateaus
Forest understory—Thurber's needlegrass,
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
bluegrass, low sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Ecological site: F023XY091NV
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch
Rock outcrop wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Thurber's needlegrass
Landform: Plateaus
Typical profile:
Tunnison and similar soils Surface rock fragments: About 23 percent stones
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very stony loam
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Layer 2—2 to 12 inches; clay
Landform: Summits of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Washoe rubber rabbitbrush, Layer 3—12 to 27 inches; bedrock
Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other
shrubs, low sagebrush, bottlebrush squirreltail See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay Soil Properties” table for more information.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 97
Component Properties and Qualities Component Description
Runoff: Medium Tunnison and similar soils
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 Landform: Plateaus
inches Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Parent material: Colluvium and/or residuum weathered
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) from volcanic rock
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, other perennial
Present flooding: None forbs, other perennial grasses, Sandberg bluegrass,
Present ponding: None Thurber's needlegrass
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 17 percent cobbles, 7
Interpretive Groups
percent gravel
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly clay
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Layer 2—2 to 27 inches; clay
Layer 3—27 to 30 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Layer 4—30 to 40 inches; bedrock
Hart Camp and similar soils
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch Component Properties and Qualities
wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush, other perennial Runoff: Medium
forbs, needlegrass Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 35
inches Bedrock (lithic): 30 to 40 inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical profile:
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; stony loam Present flooding: None
Layer 2—3 to 13 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam Present ponding: None
Layer 3—13 to 23 inches; bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Interpretive Groups
Soil Properties” table for more information. Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY044NV—Very cobbly claypan
Component Properties and Qualities
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Runoff: High characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20 section.
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Contrasting Inclusions
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Tunnison and similar soils
slow) Composition: 0 to 7 percent
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Present flooding: None Landform: Summits of plateaus
Present ponding: None Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Sandberg
Natural drainage class: Well drained bluegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, low sagebrush,
other shrubs, Washoe rubber rabbitbrush
Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Home Camp and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z. Composition: 0 to 4 percent
98 Soil Survey of
Slope: 8 to 50 percent, north aspect Component Description
Landform: North facing backslopes of plateaus Devada and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, needlegrass, basin Landform: Summits of plateaus
wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Slope: 8 to 30 percent
mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z. Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Thurber's
Bidrim and similar soils needlegrass, bluegrass
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Typical profile:
Landform: Rims Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 28
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
percent cobbles, 19 percent gravel
Forest understory—bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly loam
needlegrass, bluegrass, low sagebrush
Ecological site: F023XY091NV Layer 2—6 to 17 inches; clay
Layer 3—17 to 27 inches; bedrock
Rock outcrop
Composition: 0 to 1 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 2 to 50 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Ridges
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: High
For information about managing this map unit, see the Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
following sections and associated tables in this inches
publication: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Range" section Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
"Forest land" section Available water capacity: About 2 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
370—Devada-Nitpac-Uhaldi association
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
MLRA: 23
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,650 to 5,990
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches Component Description
Air temperature: 44 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit Nitpac and similar soils
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Landform: Toeslopes of plateaus
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Composition Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock
Devada very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—35 Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass,
percent other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
Nitpac very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—30 sagebrush
percent
Uhaldi gravelly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—20 percent Typical profile:
Ninemile very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—5 Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 28
percent
percent cobbles, 19 percent gravel
Westbutte stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—4
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very cobbly loam
percent
Hart Camp gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—3 Layer 2—8 to 21 inches; clay
percent Layer 3—21 to 26 inches; gravelly clay
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—3 Layer 4—26 to 34 inches; cemented material
percent Layer 5—34 to 44 inches; bedrock
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 99
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information. Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Component Properties and Qualities section.
Runoff: High
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 20 to 40 inches Contrasting Inclusions
Bedrock (paralithic): 24 to 40 inches Ninemile and similar soils
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, Composition: 0 to 5 percent
(Permeability class: Very slow) Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Present flooding: None Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Thurber's
Present ponding: None needlegrass, Idaho fescue, bluegrass, other
Natural drainage class: Well drained perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
sagebrush, other shrubs
Interpretive Groups Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z.
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Westbutte and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Component Description Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Uhaldi and similar soils Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, basin
Slope: 8 to 30 percent wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Parent material: Colluvium and residuum from lacustrine
mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush
sedimentary rock
Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other
perennial forbs, big sagebrush, Thurber's
needlegrass Hart Camp and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical profile: Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 6 Landform: Plateaus
percent cobbles, 25 percent gravel Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, antelope
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; gravelly loam bitterbrush, mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
Layer 2—4 to 22 inches; gravelly clay loam wheatgrass, needlegrass
Layer 3—22 to 46 inches; bedrock Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Reywat and similar soils
Soil Properties” table for more information. Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Runoff: High
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
inches bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush,
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): antelope bitterbrush
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
slow) P.Z.
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Present flooding: None Management
Present ponding: None For information about managing this map unit, see the
Natural drainage class: Well drained following sections and associated tables in this
publication:
Interpretive Groups "Range" section
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
100 Soil Survey of
371—Devada-Reywat association Component Description
Reywat and similar soils
Map Unit Setting Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
MLRA: 23 mountains
Landscape: Mountains Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to west aspects
Elevation: 5,280 to 6,560 Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches volcanic rocks
Air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush,
antelope bitterbrush
Composition
Devada cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—50 Typical profile:
percent Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Reywat very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—35 Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very stony loam
percent Layer 2—6 to 18 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Rubble land, 30 to 50 percent slopes—8 percent Layer 3—18 to 28 inches; bedrock
Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—5
percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
slopes—2 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: Very high
Devada and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
Landform: Mountains inches
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, slow)
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low Available water capacity: About 2 inches
sagebrush Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Well drained
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Component Properties and Qualities characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Runoff: Very high section.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
Contrasting Inclusions
inches
Rubble land
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Composition: 0 to 8 percent
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Landform: Mountain slopes
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Dosie and similar soils
Natural drainage class: Well drained Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Interpretive Groups Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 101
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z. Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, other
perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
Hutchley and similar soils sagebrush, bluegrass
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Landform: Summits of mountains
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain big
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
sagebrush, Idaho fescue, basin wildrye, other
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope
bitterbrush See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: High
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
inches
publication:
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Range" section
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
372—Devada-Reywat-Bitner association Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting Interpretive Groups
MLRA: 23 Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Landscape: Mountains Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Elevation: 5,360 to 6,860
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches Component Description
Air temperature: 44 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit Reywat and similar soils
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Composition Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Devada cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—40 percent volcanic rocks
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—30 Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, bluebunch
percent wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, antelope
Bitner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent bitterbrush, Thurber's needlegrass
slopes—15 percent
Grassycan extremely gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent Typical profile:
slopes—5 percent Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Rock outcrop—5 percent Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very stony loam
Esmod very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 Layer 2—6 to 18 inches; very gravelly clay loam
percent slopes—3 percent Layer 3—18 to 28 inches; bedrock
Hangrock very gravelly ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes—2 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description
Devada and similar soils Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Mountains Runoff: Very high
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks inches
102 Soil Survey of
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Landform: Summits of plateaus
slow) Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, low
Available water capacity: About 2 inches sagebrush, Webber needlegrass, Sandberg
Present flooding: None bluegrass, other perennial grasses
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z.
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Rock outcrop
Interpretive Groups Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Landform: Mountains
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
P.Z. Esmod and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Component Description
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Bitner and similar soils
Landform: Summits of fan remnants
Landform: Shoulders of mountains
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, low
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
sagebrush, Webber needlegrass, Thurber's
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
needlegrass, bluegrass
pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
P.Z.
big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch
wheatgrass
Hangrock and similar soils
Typical profile: Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Layer 2—7 to 13 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Landform: Fan remnants
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Wyoming big
Layer 4—27 to 37 inches; bedrock sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, other shrubs, other
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management
Component Properties and Qualities For information about managing this map unit, see the
Runoff: High following sections and associated tables in this
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 publication:
inches "Range" section
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Present flooding: None 373—Devada-Reywat-Rock outcrop
Present ponding: None association
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting
Interpretive Groups MLRA: 23
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Landscape: Mountains
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12 Elevation: 5,020 to 6,360
P.Z. Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. Composition
Devada cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—50 percent
Contrasting Inclusions Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—25
Grassycan and similar soils percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Rock outcrop, 50 to 75 percent slopes—15 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 103
Grassycan extremely gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 Typical profile:
percent slopes—5 percent Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Bombadil very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very stony loam
slopes—4 percent Layer 2—6 to 18 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Bitner gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent Layer 3—18 to 28 inches; bedrock
slopes—1 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Component Description Soil Properties” table for more information.
Devada and similar soils
Landform: Mountains Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Runoff: Very high
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, inches
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
sagebrush Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
Typical profile: Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Present flooding: None
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam Present ponding: None
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Interpretive Groups
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Soil Properties” table for more information. Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Component Description
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 Rock outcrop
inches Landform: Mountains
Slope: 50 to 75 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Available water capacity: About 2 inches characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Present flooding: None section.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Contrasting Inclusions
Grassycan and similar soils
Interpretive Groups Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Landform: Summits of mountains
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
perennial forbs, Sandberg bluegrass, low sagebrush,
Component Description
Webber needlegrass
Reywat and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z.
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
mountains Bombadil and similar soils
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Slope: 4 to 15 percent
volcanic rocks Landform: Mountains
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Wyoming big
needlegrass, basin wildrye, Wyoming big sagebrush, sagebrush, other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
antelope bitterbrush Indian ricegrass, other perennial grasses
104 Soil Survey of
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
Bitner and similar soils Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 8 to 15 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Shoulders of mountains Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Thurber's
needlegrass, Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, Component Properties and Qualities
big sagebrush Runoff: High
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12 Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
P.Z. inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Management Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
For information about managing this map unit, see the Available water capacity: About 2 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Present flooding: None
publication: Present ponding: None
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Well drained
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
374—Devada-Reywat-Rubble land Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
association
Component Description
Map Unit Setting Reywat and similar soils
MLRA: 23 Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
Landscape: Mountains mountains
Elevation: 4,880 to 6,350 Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
volcanic rocks
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Wyoming big
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye,
Composition
Thurber's needlegrass
Devada cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—40 percent
Reywat very stony loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—30
Typical profile:
percent
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Rubble land, 8 to 30 percent slopes—20 percent
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very stony loam
Bucklake very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—5
Layer 2—6 to 18 inches; very gravelly clay loam
percent
Layer 3—18 to 28 inches; bedrock
Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—3
percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Bitner gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—2 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description Component Properties and Qualities
Devada and similar soils Runoff: High
Landform: Mountains Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
Slope: 8 to 30 percent inches
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, other perennial forbs, Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
bluebunch wheatgrass, low sagebrush, Thurber's slow)
needlegrass Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Natural drainage class: Well drained
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 105
Interpretive Groups Management
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e For information about managing this map unit, see the
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 following sections and associated tables in this
P.Z. publication:
"Range" section
Component Description "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Rubble land
Landform: Mountain slopes
Slope: 8 to 30 percent 375—Devada-Rock outcrop complex, 4 to
15 percent slopes
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very low Map Unit Setting
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60 MLRA: 23
inches Landscape: Mountains
Present ponding: None Elevation: 5,240 to 6,430
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Interpretive Groups Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Nonirrigated land capability: 8s Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Composition
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Devada cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—60 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Rock outcrop—25 percent
section.
Bombadil very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—5 percent
Contrasting Inclusions
Wylo very stony loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes—5 percent
Bucklake and similar soils
Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—4
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—
Landform: Mountains
1 percent
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, basin wildrye, Component Description
antelope bitterbrush Devada and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14 Landform: Mountains
P.Z. Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Dosie and similar soils Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
Slope: 15 to 50 percent sagebrush
Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch Typical profile:
wheatgrass, basin wildrye, needlegrass Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z. Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
Bitner and similar soils Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Shoulders of mountains Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush,
bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, Thurber's Component Properties and Qualities
needlegrass Runoff: High
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12 Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
P.Z. inches
106 Soil Survey of
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) bitterbrush, other perennial forbs, basin wildrye,
Available water capacity: About 2 inches needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush
Present flooding: None Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Interpretive Groups following sections and associated tables in this
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s publication:
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Description
Rock outcrop
Landform: Mountains 376—Devada-Rock outcrop-Softscrabble
association
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Map Unit Setting
section. MLRA: 23
Landscape: Mountains
Contrasting Inclusions Elevation: 5,720 to 6,450
Bombadil and similar soils Precipitation: 10 to 20 inches
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Frost-free period: 50 to 100 days
Landform: Mountains
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, other Composition
shrubs, other perennial forbs, other perennial Devada cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—45 percent
grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass Rock outcrop—25 percent
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 15 to 30 percent
slopes—15 percent
Wylo and similar soils Wylo very stony loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes—8 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Bitner gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Slope: 4 to 8 percent, southeast to southwest aspects slopes—7 percent
Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on shoulders
of mountains Component Description
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Devada and similar soils
other perennial forbs, Lahontan sagebrush, Thurber's Landform: Mountains
needlegrass Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z. Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluegrass, Thurber's
Reywat and similar soils
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
wheatgrass
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
Typical profile:
mountains
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Thurber's
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam
needlegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, bluebunch
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
wheatgrass, basin wildrye
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Softscrabble and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Runoff: High
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 107
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
inches characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): section.
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Contrasting Inclusions
Present flooding: None Wylo and similar soils
Present ponding: None Composition: 0 to 8 percent
Natural drainage class: Well drained Slope: 4 to 8 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on shoulders
Interpretive Groups of mountains
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Thurber's needlegrass, Lahontan sagebrush, other
perennial forbs
Component Description Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Rock outcrop
Landform: Mountains Bitner and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 7 percent
Component Description Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Softscrabble and similar soils Landform: Shoulders of mountains
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho
Slope: 15 to 30 percent fescue, antelope bitterbrush, big sagebrush,
Thurber's needlegrass
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12
volcanic rocks
P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other perennial
forbs, mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch Management
wheatgrass, needlegrass, basin wildrye
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones publication:
Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; very cobbly loam "Range" section
Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam
Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock
377—Devada-Tuledad association
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
Component Properties and Qualities Landscape: Plateau
Runoff: Very high Elevation: 5,150 to 6,170
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 71 Precipitation: 9 to 14 inches
inches Air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Frost-free period: 80 to 110 days
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 8 inches Composition
Present flooding: None Devada cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—45 percent
Present ponding: None Tuledad extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—
Natural drainage class: Well drained 40 percent
Devada very stony loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—5
Interpretive Groups percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Tunnison very cobbly clay, 0 to 8 percent slopes—5
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. percent
108 Soil Survey of
Grassycan very gravelly fine sandy loam, 4 to 8 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
slopes—3 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Rock outcrop—2 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: High
Devada and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 14 to 20
Landform: Summits of plateaus inches
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch Available water capacity: About 2 inches
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, low Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
sagebrush
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Interpretive Groups
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam Ecological site: R023XY044NV—Very cobbly claypan
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical section.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Contrasting Inclusions
Component Properties and Qualities Devada and similar soils
Runoff: High Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20 Slope: 8 to 30 percent
inches Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass,
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
Available water capacity: About 2 inches sagebrush
Present flooding: None Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Present ponding: None
Tunnison and similar soils
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Interpretive Groups
Landform: Summits of plateaus
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other shrubs,
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Sandberg bluegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, low
sagebrush, Washoe rubber rabbitbrush
Component Description
Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay
Tuledad and similar soils
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Grassycan and similar soils
Parent material: Residuum weathered from basalt Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, low Slope: 4 to 8 percent
sagebrush, other perennial grasses, Sandberg Landform: Summits of lower plateaus
bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass Typical vegetation: Webber needlegrass, low sagebrush,
other perennial grasses, other perennial forbs,
Typical profile: Sandberg bluegrass
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z.
Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly loam
Layer 2—1 to 3 inches; clay loam Rock outcrop
Layer 3—3 to 15 inches; clay Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 4—15 to 25 inches; bedrock Landform: Plateaus
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 109
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: High
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 12 to 20
publication: inches
"Range" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
378—Devada-Tuledad-Softscrabble Present ponding: None
association Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting Interpretive Groups
MLRA: 23 Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Landscape: Plateau Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Elevation: 5,320 to 6,250
Precipitation: 9 to 20 inches Component Description
Air temperature: 43 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit Tuledad and similar soils
Frost-free period: 50 to 110 days Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Composition Parent material: Residuum weathered from basalt
Devada cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—45 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
Tuledad extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes— perennial forbs, low sagebrush, Thurber's
25 percent needlegrass, Sandberg bluegrass
Softscrabble cobbly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—15
percent Typical profile:
Nitpac very cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—5 Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
percent Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; extremely cobbly loam
Tunnison very cobbly clay, 0 to 4 percent slopes—5 Layer 2—1 to 3 inches; clay loam
percent Layer 3—3 to 15 inches; clay
Bidrim extremely stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—3 Layer 4—15 to 25 inches; bedrock
percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Fiddler very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—2
Soil Properties” table for more information.
percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: High
Devada and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 14 to 20
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus inches
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Available water capacity: About 2 inches
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low Present flooding: None
sagebrush Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; cobbly loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 2—4 to 13 inches; clay Ecological site: R023XY044NV—Very cobbly claypan
Layer 3—13 to 27 inches; bedrock
Component Description
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Softscrabble and similar soils
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landform: Plateaus
110 Soil Survey of
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs, low
volcanic rocks sagebrush, Washoe rubber rabbitbrush
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain big Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay
sagebrush, basin wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass,
other perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush Bidrim and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical profile: Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent fine gravel, 2 Landform: Rims
percent stones, 6 percent cobbles, 11 percent gravel Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; cobbly loam Forest understory—low sagebrush, bluebunch
Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam wheatgrass, bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam
Ecological site: F023XY091NV
Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock
Fiddler and similar soils
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
Runoff: Very high
Forest understory—Idaho fescue, Sandberg
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 80
inches bluegrass, antelope bitterbrush, Douglas rabbitbrush,
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Thurber's needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail,
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) arrowleaf balsamroot, Nevada bluegrass, bluebunch
Available water capacity: About 8 inches wheatgrass
Present flooding: None Ecological site: F023XY024NV
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Interpretive Groups following sections and associated tables in this
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s publication:
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. "Range" section
"Forest land" section
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
379—Dismalswamp ashy loams, 0 to 8
Contrasting Inclusions percent slopes
Nitpac and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Map Unit Setting
Slope: 2 to 8 percent MLRA: 21
Landform: Toeslopes of plateaus Landscape: Fault block mountains
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch Elevation: 6,080 to 8,160
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, Precipitation: 20 to 50 inches
Webber needlegrass, Thurber's needlegrass Air temperature: 37 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Ecological site: R023XY060NV—Cobbly claypan 8-12 Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days
P.Z.
Composition
Tunnison and similar soils Dismalswamp ashy loam, cool, 0 to 8 percent slopes—
Composition: 0 to 5 percent 45 percent
Slope: 0 to 4 percent Dismalswamp ashy loam, cool, 0 to 8 percent slopes—
Landform: Depressions 40 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 111
Aquandic Cryaquolls ashy loam, cool, 0 to 8 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
slopes—5 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Boulderfan ashy loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes—5 percent
Histic Cryaquolls muck, cool, 0 to 4 percent slopes—3 Component Properties and Qualities
percent Runoff: Negligible
Vitrandic Haplocryolls extremely cobbly ashy loam, cool, Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
0 to 8 percent slopes—1 percent Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Water—1 percent Available water capacity: About 11 inches
Present flooding: Rare
Component Description Present ponding: Frequent
Dismalswamp and similar soils Water table: Present
Landform: Intermontane basins Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Interpretive Groups
from volcanic rock Nonirrigated land capability: 6s
Typical vegetation: Sedge, Nebraska sedge, meadow Ecological site: R021XE207CA—Wet meadow
barley, Baltic rush, other perennial forbs, silver
sagebrush, willow, tufted hairgrass Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Typical profile: section.
Layer 1—0 to 22 inches; ashy loam
Layer 2—22 to 31 inches; gravelly ashy loam Contrasting Inclusions
Layer 3—31 to 60 inches; very gravelly ashy loam Aquandic Cryaquolls and similar soils
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information. Classification: Ashy, glassy Aquandic Cryaquolls
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Component Properties and Qualities Landform: Intermontane basins
Runoff: Negligible Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, willow, other perennial
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): forbs, carex, other perennial grasses
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) Ecological site: R021XE225CA—Willow thicket
Available water capacity: About 11 inches
Present flooding: Rare Boulderfan and similar soils
Present ponding: Occasional Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Water table: Present Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Landform: Ground moraines
Typical vegetation: Roundleaf snowberry, silver
Interpretive Groups sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial
Nonirrigated land capability: 6w grasses, needlegrass
Ecological site: R021XE208CA—Semi-wet meadow Ecological site: R021XE203CA—Moist mountain basin
Component Description Histic Cryaquolls and similar soils
Dismalswamp wet and similar soils Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Landform: Intermontane basins Classification: Ashy, glassy Histic Cryaquolls
Slope: 0 to 8 percent Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Landform: Intermontane basins
from volcanic rock Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, rush, tufted
Typical vegetation: Sedge, Nebraska sedge, willow, hairgrass, sedge, other perennial forbs
other perennial forbs, tufted hairgrass Ecological site: R021XE226CA—Seep
Typical profile: Vitrandic Haplocryolls and similar soils
Layer 1—0 to 22 inches; ashy loam Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Layer 2—22 to 31 inches; gravelly ashy loam Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy Vitrandic
Layer 3—31 to 60 inches; very gravelly ashy loam Haplocryolls
112 Soil Survey of
Slope: 0 to 8 percent Layer 3—29 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
Landform: Mountain slopes coarse sand
Typical vegetation: Sedge, tufted hairgrass, other
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, Woods' See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
rose, willow Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: R021XE213CA—Streambank
Component Properties and Qualities
Water
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Runoff: Very low
Landform: Intermontane basins Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Management Available water capacity: About 6 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Present flooding: None
following sections and associated tables in this Present ponding: None
publication: Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
"Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Interpretive Groups
Irrigated land capability: 3e
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
380—Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
5 percent slopes
P.Z.
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Landscape: Fan piedmont characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Elevation: 4,520 to 5,260 section.
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit Contrasting Inclusions
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days Surprise and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Composition Slope: 2 to 5 percent
Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent Landform: Fan remnants
slopes—90 percent Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, other shrubs,
Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 5 percent antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, other
slopes—5 percent perennial forbs, bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Bidwell ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—3 percent Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Hussa ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—2 percent P.Z.
Bidwell and similar soils
Component Description Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Donica and similar soils
Slope: 2 to 5 percent
Landform: Fan remnants
Landform: Fan remnants
Slope: 2 to 5 percent
Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, Thurber's
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
needlegrass, bluegrass, other perennial forbs,
from volcanic rock
bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush, other
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass,
shrubs
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, big sagebrush,
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Thurber's needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush
P.Z.
Typical profile: Hussa and similar soils
Layer 1—0 to 13 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 2—13 to 29 inches; ashy extremely gravelly Slope: 2 to 5 percent
coarse sandy loam Landform: Lake terraces
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 113
Typical vegetation: Sedge, Nevada bluegrass, other See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: Medium
For information about managing this map unit, see the Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
following sections and associated tables in this (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
publication: Available water capacity: About 6 inches
"Range" section Present flooding: None
"Crops and Pasture" section Present ponding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Interpretive Groups
381—Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 Irrigated land capability: 4e
to 30 percent slopes Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Map Unit Setting P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Fan piedmont Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Elevation: 4,480 to 5,410 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches section.
Air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days Contrasting Inclusions
Donica and similar soils
Composition Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent Slope: 2 to 15 percent
slopes—85 percent Landform: Fan remnants
Donica very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, antelope
slopes—5 percent bitterbrush, big sagebrush, bluegrass, other perennial
Sesdah gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—5 forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, other shrubs
percent Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Hartner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 75 percent P.Z.
slopes—3 percent
Fluvaquents very gravelly coarse sand, 2 to 8 percent Sesdah and similar soils
slopes—2 percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Component Description Landform: Hills
Donica and similar soils Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other
Landform: Fan remnants perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush, Nevada
Slope: 15 to 30 percent bluegrass, Idaho fescue
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Ecological site: R021XE223CA—Ashy loamy slope
from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Hartner and similar soils
antelope bitterbrush, big sagebrush, Thurber's Composition: 0 to 3 percent
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs Slope: 30 to 75 percent
Landform: Backslopes of hills
Typical profile: Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, other shrubs, Indian
Layer 1—0 to 13 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam ricegrass, other perennial grasses, purple sage,
Layer 2—13 to 29 inches; extremely gravelly ashy antelope bitterbrush, western juniper, rubber
coarse sandy loam rabbitbrush, mountain big sagebrush, other perennial
Layer 3—29 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly ashy forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass
coarse sand Ecological site: R021XE204CA—Eroded slope
114 Soil Survey of
Fluvaquents and similar soils bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush, other
Composition: 0 to 2 percent shrubs
Classification: Mesic Fluvaquents
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Typical profile:
Landform: Drainageways Layer 1—0 to 13 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood Layer 2—13 to 29 inches; ashy extremely gravelly
Forest understory—other perennial grasses, other coarse sandy loam
perennial forbs, Fremont's cottonwood, beardless Layer 3—29 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
wildrye, other shrubs, inland saltgrass, bluebunch coarse sand
wheatgrass, basin wildrye
Ecological site: F023XY034NV See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the Component Properties and Qualities
following sections and associated tables in this Runoff: Medium
publication: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
"Range" section (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
"Crops and Pasture" section Available water capacity: About 6 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
382—Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30
to 50 percent slopes Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
MLRA: 23 P.Z.
Landscape: Fan piedmont
Elevation: 4,510 to 5,440 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit section.
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days
Contrasting Inclusions
Composition Donica and similar soils
Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
slopes—85 percent Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Donica very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent Landform: Fan remnants
slopes—5 percent Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, antelope bitterbrush,
Sesdah gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—5 bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass,
percent bluegrass, big sagebrush, other perennial forbs
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Hartner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 75 percent
P.Z.
slopes—3 percent
Fluvaquents very gravelly coarse sand, 2 to 8 percent Sesdah and similar soils
slopes—2 percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Component Description Landform: Hills
Donica and similar soils Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Nevada bluegrass,
Landform: Lake terraces bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush,
Slope: 30 to 50 percent other perennial forbs
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Ecological site: R021XE223CA—Ashy loamy slope
from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, big Hartner and similar soils
sagebrush, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 115
Slope: 30 to 75 percent Component Description
Landform: Backslopes of hills Donica and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Purple sage, bluebunch wheatgrass, Landform: Fan remnants
other perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush, Slope: 5 to 30 percent
western juniper, rubber rabbitbrush, antelope Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
bitterbrush, other shrubs, needlegrass, Indian from volcanic rock
ricegrass, other perennial grasses Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch
Ecological site: R021XE204CA—Eroded slope wheatgrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
bluegrass, big sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass
Fluvaquents and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Typical profile:
Classification: Mesic Fluvaquents Layer 1—0 to 13 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Layer 2—13 to 29 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
Landform: Drainageways coarse sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood Layer 3—29 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
Forest understory—Fremont's cottonwood, beardless coarse sand
wildrye, inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, other
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, bluebunch See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
wheatgrass, other shrubs Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: F023XY034NV
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: Low
For information about managing this map unit, see the Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
following sections and associated tables in this (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
publication: Available water capacity: About 5 inches
"Range" section Present flooding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
383—Donica very gravelly ashy sandy Interpretive Groups
loam, 5 to 30 percent slopes Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Map Unit Setting P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Fan piedmont Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Elevation: 4,700 to 5,250 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches section.
Air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days Contrasting Inclusions
Surprise and similar soils
Composition Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Donica very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 30 percent Slope: 5 to 15 percent
slopes—90 percent Landform: Fan remnants
Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other
slopes—5 percent perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs,
Donica very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent bluegrass, big sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass
slopes—3 percent Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Fluvaquents very gravelly coarse sand, 2 to 8 percent P.Z.
slopes—1 percent
Histic Endoaquolls muck, cool, 2 to 8 percent slopes—1 Donica and similar soils
percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
116 Soil Survey of
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent
Landform: Fan remnants slopes—5 percent
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch Donica very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 30 percent
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, big slopes—3 percent
sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass, other shrubs Fluvaquents very gravelly coarse sand, 2 to 8 percent
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
slopes—1 percent
P.Z.
Histic Endoaquolls muck, cool, 2 to 8 percent slopes—1
percent
Fluvaquents and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Component Description
Classification: Mesic Fluvaquents
Donica and similar soils
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Fan remnants
Landform: Drainageways
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
Forest understory—bluebunch wheatgrass, other
perennial grasses, other shrubs, other perennial from volcanic rock
forbs, inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, beardless Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, big sagebrush,
wildrye, Fremont's cottonwood bluegrass, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Ecological site: F023XY034NV wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, antelope
bitterbrush
Histic Endoaquolls and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Typical profile:
Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Histic Endoaquolls Layer 1—0 to 13 inches; very stony ashy sandy loam
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Layer 2—13 to 29 inches; ashy extremely gravelly
Landform: Alluvial fans coarse sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Sedge, bluegrass, other perennial Layer 3—29 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
forbs, other perennial grasses, tufted hairgrass, coarse sand
meadow barley, rush
Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z. See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the Component Properties and Qualities
following sections and associated tables in this Runoff: Low
publication: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
"Range" section (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
"Crops and Pasture" section Available water capacity: About 5 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
384—Donica very stony ashy sandy loam, 2
Interpretive Groups
to 15 percent slopes
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Map Unit Setting
P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Fan piedmont Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Elevation: 4,480 to 5,380 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches section.
Air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days Contrasting Inclusions
Surprise and similar soils
Composition Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Donica very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent Slope: 5 to 15 percent
slopes—90 percent Landform: Fan remnants
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 117
Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, other shrubs, Landscape: Fan piedmont
antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, other Elevation: 4,480 to 5,190
perennial forbs, Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass Precipitation: 10 to 18 inches
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14 Air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
P.Z. Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days
Donica and similar soils Composition
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Donica gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent
Slope: 5 to 30 percent slopes—50 percent
Landform: Fan remnants Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, antelope bitterbrush, slopes—40 percent
bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, big Donica very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent
sagebrush, bluegrass, other perennial forbs slopes—4 percent
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14 Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 5 to 15 percent
P.Z. slopes—4 percent
Fluvaquents very gravelly coarse sand, 2 to 8 percent
Fluvaquents and similar soils
slopes—1 percent
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Histic Endoaquolls muck, cool, 5 to 15 percent slopes—
Classification: Mesic Fluvaquents
1 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Drainageways
Component Description
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood
Donica and similar soils
Forest understory—bluebunch wheatgrass, inland
Landform: Fan remnants
saltgrass, basin wildrye, beardless wildrye, Fremont's
cottonwood, other perennial forbs, other perennial Slope: 5 to 15 percent
grasses, other shrubs Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
Ecological site: F023XY034NV from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, other shrubs,
Histic Endoaquolls and similar soils Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, other perennial
Composition: 0 to 1 percent forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush
Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Histic Endoaquolls
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Typical profile:
Landform: Alluvial fans Layer 1—0 to 13 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Meadow barley, sedge, tufted Layer 2—13 to 29 inches; ashy extremely gravelly
hairgrass, other perennial forbs, rush, bluegrass, coarse sandy loam
other perennial grasses Layer 3—29 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly ashy
Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z. coarse sand
Management See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: Low
"Crops and Pasture" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Present flooding: None
385—Donica-Surprise gravelly ashy sandy Present ponding: None
loams, 5 to 15 percent slopes Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Map Unit Setting Interpretive Groups
MLRA: 23 Irrigated land capability: 3e
118 Soil Survey of
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e Surprise and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14 Composition: 0 to 4 percent
P.Z. Slope: 5 to 15 percent
Landform: Fan remnants
Component Description Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, big sagebrush,
Surprise and similar soils Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, other perennial
Landform: Fan remnants forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush
Slope: 5 to 15 percent Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, antelope bitterbrush,
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, big Fluvaquents and similar soils
sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Classification: Mesic Fluvaquents
Typical profile: Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Layer 1—0 to 9 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Landform: Drainageways
Layer 2—9 to 28 inches; stratified gravelly ashy sandy Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood
loam to gravelly ashy loam Forest understory—Fremont's cottonwood, beardless
wildrye, other perennial grasses, bluebunch
Layer 3—28 to 57 inches; stratified very gravelly ashy
wheatgrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
sandy loam to gravelly ashy loam
basin wildrye, inland saltgrass
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: F023XY034NV
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Histic Endoaquolls and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Runoff: Low Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Histic Endoaquolls
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Slope: 5 to 15 percent
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Landform: Alluvial fans
Available water capacity: About 6 inches Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, rush, other perennial
Present flooding: Rare grasses, other perennial forbs, tufted hairgrass,
Present ponding: None sedge, meadow barley
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z.
Management
Interpretive Groups For information about managing this map unit, see the
Irrigated land capability: 4e following sections and associated tables in this
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s publication:
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14 "Range" section
P.Z. "Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. 386—Dosie-Cormol association
Map Unit Setting
Contrasting Inclusions
MLRA: 23
Donica and similar soils
Landscape: Plateau
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Elevation: 5,180 to 6,410
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Landform: Fan remnants Air temperature: 43 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Frost-free period: 65 to 100 days
big sagebrush, other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass Composition
Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14 Dosie very gravelly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—50
P.Z. percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 119
Cormol very cobbly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Wyoming big
slopes—35 percent sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye,
Devada very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—7 Thurber's needlegrass
percent
Softscrabble cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—5 Typical profile:
percent Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones
Fiddler very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—3 Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very cobbly ashy loam
percent Layer 2—3 to 7 inches; ashy loam
Layer 3—7 to 11 inches; ashy sandy clay loam
Component Description Layer 4—11 to 18 inches; very paragravelly ashy sandy
Dosie and similar soils clay loam
Landform: East to southwest aspects on backslopes of Layer 5—18 to 34 inches; bedrock
plateaus
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to southwest aspects See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rocks Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
wheatgrass, basin wildrye, needlegrass Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Typical profile: Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent stones inches
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; very gravelly loam Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Layer 2—5 to 41 inches; very gravelly clay Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Layer 3—41 to 51 inches; bedrock slow)
Available water capacity: About 3 inches
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Present flooding: None
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60 Interpretive Groups
inches Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
P.Z.
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Present flooding: None characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Present ponding: None section.
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Contrasting Inclusions
Interpretive Groups Devada and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 7 percent
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z. Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluebunch
Component Description
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Thurber's
Cormol and similar soils
needlegrass, bluegrass
Landform: East to southwest aspects on backslopes of
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
plateaus
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, east to southwest aspects
Softscrabble and similar soils
Parent material: Volcanic ash and residuum weathered Composition: 0 to 5 percent
from volcanic rock Slope: 30 to 50 percent
120 Soil Survey of
Landform: Plateaus Component Description
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye, Dosie and similar soils
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Landform: Southeast to west aspects on backslopes of
antelope bitterbrush, mountain big sagebrush plateaus
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Slope: 30 to 50 percent, southeast to west aspects
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rocks
Fiddler and similar soils Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Composition: 0 to 3 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones, 5
Forest understory—bluebunch wheatgrass, percent cobbles, 34 percent gravel
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; very gravelly loam
bottlebrush squirreltail, Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho
Layer 2—5 to 41 inches; very gravelly clay
fescue, Nevada bluegrass, Sandberg bluegrass,
Layer 3—41 to 51 inches; bedrock
arrowleaf balsamroot, antelope bitterbrush, Douglas
rabbitbrush See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: F023XY024NV Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: Very high
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60
publication: inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Range" section
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
"Forest land" section
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
387—Dosie-Fiddler-Rubble land association
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
MLRA: 23 Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z.
Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 4,910 to 7,160 Component Description
Precipitation: 12 to 14 inches Fiddler and similar soils
Air temperature: 43 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Frost-free period: 65 to 90 days Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
Composition and/or residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Dosie very gravelly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—40 Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
percent Forest understory—other shrubs, antelope
Fiddler very cobbly loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—25 bitterbrush, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
percent wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, Canby
Rubble land, 30 to 50 percent slopes—20 percent bluegrass, Idaho fescue, Thurber's needlegrass
Devada very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—6 Site index: Western juniper—17 at an age base of 50
percent years
Bucklake very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—4
Typical profile:
percent
Surface rock fragments: About 13 percent stones, 24
Westbutte stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—3
percent cobbles, 2 percent gravel
percent Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very cobbly loam
Hart Camp gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—2 Layer 2—7 to 28 inches; very cobbly clay
percent Layer 3—28 to 38 inches; bedrock
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 121
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch
Soil Properties” table for more information. wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, basin wildrye,
Thurber's needlegrass
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Runoff: Very high P.Z.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
inches Westbutte and similar soils
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Present flooding: None Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big
Present ponding: None sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, other perennial
Natural drainage class: Well drained forbs, needlegrass, Idaho fescue, basin wildrye
Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Hart Camp and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Ecological site: F023XY024NV Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Component Description Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
Rubble land wheatgrass, needlegrass, other perennial forbs,
Landform: Escarpments antelope bitterbrush
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities Management
Runoff: Low For information about managing this map unit, see the
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60 following sections and associated tables in this
inches publication:
Present ponding: None "Range" section
"Forest land" section
Interpretive Groups "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Nonirrigated land capability: 8s
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in 388—Dosie-Rubble land association
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
Contrasting Inclusions Landscape: Plateau
Devada and similar soils Elevation: 4,920 to 6,970
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Precipitation: 8 to 50 inches
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Air temperature: 43 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit
Landform: Plateaus Frost-free period: 65 to 180 days
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, low
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass, other Composition
perennial forbs Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—65
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. percent
Rubble land, 15 to 50 percent slopes—25 percent
Bucklake and similar soils Bidrim extremely stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—4
Composition: 0 to 4 percent percent
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Pickup very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—3
Landform: Plateaus percent
122 Soil Survey of
Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes— Contrasting Inclusions
3 percent Bidrim and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Component Description Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Dosie and similar soils Landform: Rims
Landform: Southeast to west aspects on plateaus Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
Slope: 15 to 50 percent, southeast to west aspects Forest understory—low sagebrush, Thurber's
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass
volcanic rocks Ecological site: F023XY091NV
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, bluebunch
wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush, needlegrass Pickup and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical profile:
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 10
Landform: Plateaus
percent cobbles, 18 percent gravel, 4 percent fine
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Lahontan
gravel
sagebrush, bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; very gravelly loam
Thurber's needlegrass
Layer 2—5 to 41 inches; very gravelly clay
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Layer 3—41 to 51 inches; bedrock
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Softscrabble and similar soils
Soil Properties” table for more information. Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Component Properties and Qualities Landform: Plateaus
Runoff: Very high Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye, other
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60 perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush, mountain big
inches sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present flooding: None
following sections and associated tables in this
Present ponding: None
publication:
Natural drainage class: Well drained
"Range" section
"Forest land" section
Interpretive Groups
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z.
Component Description 389—Dosie-Softscrabble associtation
Rubble land
Landform: Plateaus Map Unit Setting
Slope: 15 to 50 percent MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau
Component Properties and Qualities Elevation: 5,680 to 7,010
Runoff: Low Precipitation: 12 to 20 inches
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60 Air temperature: 43 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
inches Frost-free period: 50 to 90 days
Present ponding: None
Composition
Interpretive Groups Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—50
Nonirrigated land capability: 8s percent
Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in slopes—40 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Redhome cobbly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—4
section. percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 123
Menbo very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—3 Typical profile:
percent Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Devada very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2 Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; very cobbly loam
percent Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam
Bidrim extremely stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—1 Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam
percent Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock
Component Description See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Dosie and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
Component Properties and Qualities
plateaus
Runoff: Very high
Slope: 15 to 50 percent, west to east aspects
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 80
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
inches
volcanic rocks
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain big
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye Available water capacity: About 8 inches
Present flooding: None
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 3 percent stones Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; very gravelly loam
Layer 2—5 to 41 inches; very gravelly clay Interpretive Groups
Layer 3—41 to 51 inches; bedrock Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Component Properties and Qualities section.
Runoff: Very high Contrasting Inclusions
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 40 to 60 Redhome and similar soils
inches Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Present flooding: None bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Present ponding: None antelope bitterbrush, mountain big sagebrush
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Menbo and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z. Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Landform: Plateaus
Component Description Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Softscrabble and similar soils wheatgrass, needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush,
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus basin wildrye, Idaho fescue, antelope bitterbrush
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
volcanic rocks Devada and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Composition: 0 to 2 percent
other perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush, mountain Slope: 2 to 15 percent
big sagebrush, basin wildrye Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
124 Soil Survey of
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, Layer 2—14 to 38 inches; stratified sandy loam to silty
other perennial forbs, low sagebrush, bluebunch clay loam
wheatgrass Layer 3—38 to 60 inches; stratified gravelly loamy sand
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. to silty clay loam
Bidrim and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Rims Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper Runoff: Low
Forest understory—low sagebrush, bluegrass, Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Ecological site: F023XY091NV slow)
Available water capacity: About 12 inches
Management
Present flooding: Rare
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present ponding: None
following sections and associated tables in this
Water table: Present
publication:
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
"Range" section
"Forest land" section
Interpretive Groups
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Ecological site: R023XY009NV—Loamy bottom 8-12
P.Z.
390—Emagert ashy loam
Map Unit Setting Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
MLRA: 23 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Landscape: Intermontane basin section.
Elevation: 4,650 to 5,270
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches Contrasting Inclusions
Crutcher and similar soils
Air temperature: 45 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Alluvial flats
Composition
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
Emagert ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent
Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood
Crutcher ashy very fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
slopes—5 percent
Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 Couch and similar soils
percent Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Wetvit ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—1 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
percent Landform: Summits of stream terraces
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, black greasewood,
Component Description spiny hopsage, big sagebrush, other perennial forbs,
Emagert and similar soils other perennial grasses, basin wildrye, bottlebrush
Landform: Stream terraces squirreltail
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z.
Parent material: Alluvium derived from pyroclastic and
extrusive volcanic rocks Wetvit and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, Nevada bluegrass, Composition: 0 to 1 percent
other perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, basin Slope: 0 to 2 percent
big sagebrush Landform: Flood plains
Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, other perennial
Typical profile: forbs, other perennial grasses, sedge, creeping
Layer 1—0 to 14 inches; ashy loam wildrye
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 125
Ecological site: R023XY089NV—Wet meadow 10-14 Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
P.Z. Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
Management Available water capacity: About 12 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Present flooding: Rare
following sections and associated tables in this Present ponding: None
publication: Water table: Present
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
391—Emagert-Wetvit association Ecological site: R023XY009NV—Loamy bottom 8-12
P.Z.
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Component Description
Landscape: Intermontane basin Wetvit and similar soils
Elevation: 4,530 to 5,940 Landform: Flood plains
Precipitation: 9 to 16 inches Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Air temperature: 45 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit Parent material: Alluvium derived from pyroclastic and
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days extrusive volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
Composition
perennial forbs, Nevada bluegrass, creeping wildrye,
Emagert ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—70 percent
sedge
Wetvit ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—15
percent Typical profile:
Weezweed ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—7 percent
Layer 1—0 to 16 inches; ashy fine sandy loam
Vitrixerandic Haplargids ashy sandy loam, 0 to 4 percent
Layer 2—16 to 44 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to
slopes—5 percent
ashy clay loam
Wetvit ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3
Layer 3—44 to 60 inches; stratified gravelly ashy loamy
percent
sand to ashy clay loam
Component Description
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Emagert and similar soils
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Stream terraces
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Alluvium derived from pyroclastic and Runoff: Very high
extrusive volcanic rocks Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, basin big sagebrush, Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
other perennial forbs, Nevada bluegrass, other slow)
perennial grasses Available water capacity: About 11 inches
Present flooding: Frequent
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Layer 1—0 to 14 inches; ashy loam Water table: Present
Layer 2—14 to 38 inches; stratified sandy loam to silty Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained
clay loam
Layer 3—38 to 60 inches; stratified gravelly loamy sand Interpretive Groups
to silty clay loam Nonirrigated land capability: 5w
Ecological site: R023XY089NV—Wet meadow 10-14
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Component Properties and Qualities characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Runoff: Low section.
126 Soil Survey of
Contrasting Inclusions Boulder Lake silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
Weezweed and similar soils Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Composition: 0 to 7 percent slopes—2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Stream terraces Component Description
Typical vegetation: Basin big sagebrush, Nevada Emamount and similar soils
bluegrass, basin wildrye, other perennial forbs, Landform: Stream terraces
western wheatgrass Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Ecological site: R023XY005NV—Dry floodplain Parent material: Alluvium derived from pyroclastic and
extrusive volcanic rocks
Vitrixerandic Haplargids and similar soils Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, mountain big
Composition: 0 to 5 percent sagebrush, other perennial grasses, basin wildrye,
Classification: Ashy, glassy, mesic Vitrixerandic wheatgrass
Haplargids
Slope: 0 to 4 percent Typical profile:
Landform: Fan remnants Layer 1—0 to 17 inches; ashy loam
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, other perennial grasses, Layer 2—17 to 38 inches; stratified sandy loam to silty
basin wildrye, big sagebrush, needlegrass clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY082NV—Loamy fan 10-12 P.Z. Layer 3—38 to 60 inches; stratified gravelly loamy sand
to silty clay loam
Wetvit and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Flood plains
Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Sedge, other perennial forbs, other
Runoff: Low
perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
Management Available water capacity: About 12 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Present flooding: Rare
following sections and associated tables in this Present ponding: None
publication: Water table: Present
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Ecological site: R023XY056NV—Loamy bottom 12-16
392—Emamount-Grimlake association P.Z.
Map Unit Setting Component Description
MLRA: 23 Grimlake and similar soils
Landscape: Intermontane basin Landform: Lake plains
Elevation: 6,100 to 6,770 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rocks
Air temperature: 41 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Typical vegetation: Sedge, other perennial forbs, other
Frost-free period: 60 to 100 days perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass
Composition Typical profile:
Emamount ashy loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes—75 Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; cobbly clay
percent Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; clay
Grimlake cobbly clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—15 percent Layer 3—5 to 14 inches; clay
Macyflet silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent Layer 4—14 to 32 inches; clay
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 127
Layer 5—32 to 43 inches; sandy clay loam Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14-
Layer 6—43 to 60 inches; very cobbly clay loam 18 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Management
Soil Properties” table for more information. For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Component Properties and Qualities publication:
Runoff: Medium "Range" section
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 8 inches
Present flooding: None 393—Esmod very gravelly fine sandy loam,
Present ponding: None 2 to 8 percent slopes
Water table: Present
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
Interpretive Groups Landscape: Fan piedmont
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Elevation: 5,590 to 6,240
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Air temperature: 45 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. Composition
Esmod very gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
Contrasting Inclusions slopes—90 percent
Macyflet and similar soils Ashcamp very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent slopes—3 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Leviathan very gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—3
Landform: Alluvial flats percent
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, early Devada very cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—2
sagebrush, needlegrass, basin wildrye, Cusick's percent
bluegrass, Nevada bluegrass Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Ecological site: R023XY090NV—Clay plain slopes—2 percent
Boulder Lake and similar soils Component Description
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Esmod and similar soils
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Landform: Summits of fan remnants
Landform: Lake terraces Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Typical vegetation: Silver sagebrush, other perennial Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rocks
forbs, Nevada bluegrass, mat muhly, wildrye Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Thurber's
Ecological site: R023XY003NV—Clay basin needlegrass, Webber needlegrass, low sagebrush,
bluegrass
Cavin and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Typical profile:
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very gravelly fine sandy loam
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of Layer 2—6 to 15 inches; clay
mountains Layer 3—15 to 60 inches; cemented material
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho
fescue, mountain big sagebrush, other perennial See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
forbs, Cusick's bluegrass, needlegrass Soil Properties” table for more information.
128 Soil Survey of
Component Properties and Qualities Management
Runoff: High For information about managing this map unit, see the
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches following sections and associated tables in this
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, publication:
(Permeability class: Very slow) "Range" section
Available water capacity: About 2 inches "Crops and Pasture" section
Present flooding: None "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
394—Esmod-Hangrock association
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Map Unit Setting
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12 MLRA: 23
P.Z. Landscape: Fan piedmont
Elevation: 5,460 to 6,080
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Air temperature: 45 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit
section.
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Contrasting Inclusions
Ashcamp and similar soils Composition
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Esmod very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 8
Slope: 2 to 4 percent percent slopes—50 percent
Landform: Shoulders of hills Hangrock very gravelly ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes—35 percent
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
Grassycan extremely gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, big sagebrush
slopes—7 percent
Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z. Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Leviathan and similar soils slopes—5 percent
Macnot gravelly ashy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
slopes—3 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Fan remnants Component Description
Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, Esmod and similar soils
bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass Landform: Summits of fan remnants
Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z. Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rocks
Devada and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber
Composition: 0 to 2 percent needlegrass, other perennial forbs, low sagebrush,
Slope: 2 to 8 percent bluegrass
Landform: Summits of hills
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, Thurber's Typical profile:
needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very gravelly ashy fine sandy
forbs, bluegrass loam
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Layer 2—6 to 15 inches; clay
Layer 3—15 to 60 inches; cemented material
Saraph and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Summits of rock pediments Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Wyoming Runoff: High
big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, Thurber's Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
needlegrass, Indian ricegrass, other shrubs Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. (Permeability class: Very slow)
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 129
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, Sandberg bluegrass,
Present flooding: None other perennial forbs, other perennial grasses,
Present ponding: None Webber needlegrass
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Saraph and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12 Slope: 15 to 30 percent
P.Z. Landform: Summits of rock pediments
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, other perennial
Component Description grasses, other perennial forbs, other shrubs,
Hangrock and similar soils Wyoming big sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass
Landform: Fan remnants Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Macnot nearly level and similar soils
Parent material: Alluvium derived from pyroclastic and Composition: 0 to 3 percent
extrusive volcanic rocks Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's Landform: Inset fans
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs, Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, thickspike wheatgrass,
Wyoming big sagebrush, other perennial grasses other perennial forbs, other shrubs, spiny hopsage,
big sagebrush
Typical profile: Ecological site: R023XY097NV—Loamy fan 8-10 P.Z.
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
Layer 2—4 to 17 inches; gravelly ashy clay loam Management
Layer 3—17 to 60 inches; cemented material For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical publication:
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
395—Esmod-Powlow association
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Map Unit Setting
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately MLRA: 23
slow) Landscape: Fan piedmont
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Elevation: 5,630 to 6,410
Present flooding: None Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Present ponding: None Air temperature: 45 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Natural drainage class: Well drained Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Interpretive Groups Composition
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Esmod very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 8
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. percent slopes—50 percent
Powlow very gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—35
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Bitner gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
section. slopes—6 percent
Ashone very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 8
Contrasting Inclusions percent slopes—4 percent
Grassycan and similar soils Devada very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—3
Composition: 0 to 7 percent percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Hangrock very gravelly ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Summits of hills slopes—2 percent
130 Soil Survey of
Component Description Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Esmod and similar soils Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Landform: Summits of fan remnants Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Present flooding: None
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rocks Present ponding: None
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluegrass, other Natural drainage class: Well drained
perennial forbs, Webber needlegrass, Thurber's
needlegrass Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Typical profile: Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z.
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very gravelly ashy fine sandy
loam Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Layer 2—6 to 15 inches; clay characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Layer 3—15 to 60 inches; cemented material section.
Contrasting Inclusions
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Bitner and similar soils
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Shoulders of hills
Runoff: High
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, big sagebrush,
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, Thurber's
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
needlegrass
(Permeability class: Very slow)
Ecological site: R023XY096NV—Ashy sandy loam 10-12
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
P.Z.
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Ashone and similar soils
Natural drainage class: Well drained Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Interpretive Groups Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, antelope bitterbrush,
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12 bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass, low sagebrush,
P.Z. Thurber's needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY078NV—Ashy claypan 10-14
Component Description P.Z.
Powlow and similar soils
Landform: Shoulders of fan remnants Devada and similar soils
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rocks Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Typical vegetation: Big sagebrush, Thurber's Landform: Summits of hills
needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass,
forbs other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
Typical profile: sagebrush
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very gravelly loam Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Layer 2—6 to 15 inches; clay
Layer 3—15 to 60 inches; cemented material Hangrock and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landform: Fan remnants
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian
Component Properties and Qualities ricegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, other perennial
Runoff: High grasses, other perennial forbs, other shrubs
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 131
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: High
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 20 to 40 inches
publication: Bedrock (paralithic): 40 to 60 inches
"Range" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections (Permeability class: Very slow)
Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Present flooding: None
396—Ferver very cobbly sandy loam, 2 to 8 Present ponding: None
percent slopes Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting Interpretive Groups
MLRA: 23 Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Landscape: Plateau Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
Elevation: 4,950 to 6,300 P.Z.
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
Air temperature: 45 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
Composition
Ferver very cobbly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes— Contrasting Inclusions
85 percent Saraph and similar soils
Saraph very cobbly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent Composition: 0 to 6 percent
slopes—6 percent Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Bombadil very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Landform: Summits of rock pediments
slopes—4 percent Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
Macnot gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent perennial forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big
slopes—3 percent sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Devada cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—1 percent Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Rock outcrop—1 percent
Bombadil and similar soils
Component Description Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Ferver and similar soils Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Landform: Toeslopes of plateaus Landform: Plateaus
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, low Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
sagebrush
Macnot and similar soils
Typical profile: Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 28 Slope: 2 to 4 percent
percent cobbles, 19 percent gravel Landform: Alluvial fans
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly sandy loam Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, thickspike
Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; silt loam wheatgrass, basin wildrye, big sagebrush, other
Layer 3—5 to 28 inches; clay shrubs, spiny hopsage
Layer 4—28 to 35 inches; clay loam Ecological site: R023XY097NV—Loamy fan 8-10 P.Z.
Layer 5—35 to 46 inches; cemented material
Layer 6—46 to 56 inches; bedrock Devada and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landform: Plateaus
132 Soil Survey of
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, low sagebrush, Layer 5—35 to 46 inches; cemented material
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Layer 6—46 to 56 inches; bedrock
Thurber's needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Rock outcrop
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Plateaus Runoff: High
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 20 to 40 inches
Management Bedrock (paralithic): 40 to 60 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
following sections and associated tables in this (Permeability class: Very slow)
publication: Available water capacity: About 5 inches
"Range" section Present flooding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
397—Ferver-Tunnison association Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
MLRA: 23 P.Z.
Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 5,020 to 6,070 Component Description
Precipitation: 10 to 13 inches Tunnison and similar soils
Air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Depressions
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Parent material: Colluvium and/or residuum weathered
Composition from volcanic rock
Ferver very cobbly silt loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—65 Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg
percent bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs, low
Tunnison cobbly clay, 0 to 4 percent slopes—20 percent sagebrush, Washoe rubber rabbitbrush
Lithic Xeric Haplargids cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes—7 percent Typical profile:
Devada very cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—6 Surface rock fragments: About 17 percent cobbles, 7
percent percent gravel
Boulder Lake silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; cobbly clay
Layer 2—2 to 27 inches; clay
Component Description Layer 3—27 to 30 inches; bedrock
Ferver and similar soils Layer 4—30 to 40 inches; bedrock
Landform: Toeslopes of plateaus
Slope: 2 to 8 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, Webber needlegrass,
other perennial forbs, low sagebrush, Thurber's Component Properties and Qualities
needlegrass Runoff: Medium
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 35
Typical profile: inches; Bedrock (lithic): 30 to 40 inches
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 28 Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
percent cobbles, 19 percent gravel Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very cobbly silt loam Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; silt loam Present flooding: None
Layer 3—5 to 28 inches; clay Present ponding: None
Layer 4—28 to 35 inches; clay loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 133
Interpretive Groups Elevation: 5,000 to 6,000
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay Air temperature: 37 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 40 to 90 days
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Composition
section. Fitzwater extremely stony loam, 30 to 50 percent
slopes—60 percent
Contrasting Inclusions Westbutte extremely stony loam, 30 to 50 percent
Lithic Xeric Haplargids and similar soils slopes—25 percent
Composition: 0 to 7 percent Bucklake very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—3
Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Lithic percent
Xeric Haplargids Felcher very cobbly clay loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—
Slope: 2 to 8 percent 3 percent
Landform: Plateaus Freznik very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—3
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, low percent
sagebrush, other perennial grasses, Sandberg Riddleranch very gravelly loam, 30 to 50 percent
bluegrass, Webber needlegrass slopes—3 percent
Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z. Cumulic Haploxerolls very gravelly loam, 0 to 4 percent
slopes—1 percent
Devada and similar soils Pearlwise loam, 2 to 30 percent slopes—1 percent
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Rock outcrop, 30 to 70 percent slopes—1 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Plateaus Component Description
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, Fitzwater and similar soils
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low Landform: Southeast to west aspects on backslopes of
sagebrush plateaus
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z. Slope: 30 to 50 percent, southeast to west aspects
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rocks
Boulder Lake and similar soils Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Composition: 0 to 2 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Typical profile:
Landform: Alluvial flats Surface rock fragments: About 24 percent stones, 21
Typical vegetation: Wildrye, mat muhly, Nevada percent cobbles, 15 percent gravel
bluegrass, other perennial forbs, silver sagebrush Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; extremely stony loam
Ecological site: R023XY003NV—Clay basin Layer 2—10 to 19 inches; extremely cobbly clay loam
Layer 3—19 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly loam
Management
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: Medium
"Crops and Pasture" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
398—Fitzwater-Westbutte association Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Interpretive Groups
Landscape: Plateau Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
134 Soil Survey of
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z. Landform: Plateaus
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, Thurber's
Component Description needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big
Westbutte and similar soils sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush
Landform: West to northeast aspects on backslopes of Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
plateaus P.Z.
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, west to northeast aspects
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rocks Freznik and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, basin Composition: 0 to 3 percent
wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Slope: 2 to 15 percent
mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush Landform: Plateaus
Typical vegetation: Sandberg bluegrass, lupine,
Typical profile: lomatium, low sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 13 balsamroot
percent cobbles, 10 percent gravel Ecological site: R023XY214OR—Claypan
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; extremely stony loam
Layer 2—7 to 33 inches; very stony loam Riddleranch and similar soils
Layer 3—33 to 43 inches; bedrock Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, northwest to east aspects
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Landform: Northwest to east aspects on plateaus
Soil Properties” table for more information. Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, big
sagebrush, Idaho fescue, Sandberg bluegrass
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: R023XY308OR—North slopes
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40 Cumulic Haploxerolls and similar soils
inches Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) Cumulic Haploxerolls
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Present flooding: None Landform: Stream terraces
Present ponding: None Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch
Natural drainage class: Well drained wheatgrass, basin wildrye
Ecological site: R023XY056NV—Loamy bottom 12-16
Interpretive Groups P.Z.
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Pearlwise and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z. Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Slope: 2 to 30 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Landform: Plateaus
section. Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Contrasting Inclusions mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, Idaho
Bucklake and similar soils fescue
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Landform: Plateaus Rock outcrop
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye, Composition: 0 to 1 percent
bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big sagebrush, Slope: 30 to 70 percent
antelope bitterbrush Landform: Plateaus
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
P.Z. Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Felcher and similar soils following sections and associated tables in this
Composition: 0 to 3 percent publication:
Slope: 30 to 50 percent "Range" section
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 135
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Water table: Present
Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained
399—Fluvaquents-Riverwash complex, 2 to Interpretive Groups
8 percent slopes Nonirrigated land capability: 8w
Ecological site: F023XY034NV
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Component Description
Landscape: Fan piedmont Riverwash
Elevation: 4,460 to 5,000 Landform: Drainageways
Precipitation: 8 to 15 inches Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Air temperature: 46 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 90 to 180 days Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Low
Composition Present ponding: None
Fluvaquents very gravelly coarse sand, 2 to 8 percent
slopes—50 percent Interpretive Groups
Riverwash gravelly coarse sand, 2 to 8 percent slopes— Nonirrigated land capability: 8w
45 percent
Vitritorrandic Haploxerolls very cobbly ashy sandy loam, Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
2 to 8 percent slopes—4 percent characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Water—1 percent section.
Component Description Contrasting Inclusions
Fluvaquents and similar soils Vitritorrandic Haploxerolls and similar soils
Landform: Drainageways Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, mesic Vitritorrandic
Parent material: Mixed alluvium Haploxerolls
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Forest understory—basin wildrye, sedge, creeping Landform: Stream terraces
wildrye, other perennial grasses, other perennial Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
forbs, other shrubs, Woods' rose, Fremont's perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass, sedge
cottonwood Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Site index: Black cottonwood—68 at an age base of 30
years Water
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Typical profile: Landform: Drainageways
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very gravelly coarse sand
Layer 2—6 to 60 inches; stratified very gravelly coarse Management
sand to clay loam For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical publication:
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): 400—Four Star ashy loam
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow) Map Unit Setting
Available water capacity: About 4 inches MLRA: 23
Present flooding: Frequent Landscape: Basin
Present ponding: None Elevation: 4,460 to 4,650
136 Soil Survey of
Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches Hussa and similar soils
Air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Frost-free period: 75 to 90 days Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake terraces
Composition
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 percent Hussa and similar soils
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Hussa ashy silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 Landform: Flood plains
percent
Histic Endoaquolls muck, cool, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 Histic Endoaquolls and similar soils
percent Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Aquents muck, cool, 0 to 2 percent slopes—1 percent Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Histic Endoaquolls
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Component Description Landform: Alluvial fans
Four Star and similar soils Typical vegetation: Sedge, tufted hairgrass, meadow
Landform: Flood plains barley, rush, bluegrass, other perennial grasses,
Slope: 0 to 2 percent other perennial forbs
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z.
from volcanic rock
Aquents and similar soils
Typical profile: Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; ashy loam Classification: Aquents
Layer 2—8 to 30 inches; ashy sandy loam Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 3—30 to 60 inches; stratified ashy loamy sand to Landform: Alluvial fans
ashy silt loam Typical vegetation: Sedge, tufted hairgrass, meadow
barley, rush, bluegrass, other perennial grasses,
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. other perennial forbs
Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Low Management
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): For information about managing this map unit, see the
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) following sections and associated tables in this
Available water capacity: About 11 inches publication:
Present flooding: Occasional "Range" section
Present ponding: None "Crops and Pasture" section
Water table: Present "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Interpretive Groups 401—Four Star ashy loam, clay substratum
Irrigated land capability: 3w
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Landscape: Basin
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Elevation: 4,470 to 4,610
section. Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Contrasting Inclusions Frost-free period: 75 to 90 days
Four Star and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Composition
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent
Landform: Flood plains Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 137
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Component Description following sections and associated tables in this
Four Star and similar soils publication:
Landform: Flood plains "Range" section
Slope: 0 to 2 percent "Crops and Pasture" section
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
from volcanic rock
Typical profile:
402—Four Star ashy loam, cold
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; ashy loam
Map Unit Setting
Layer 2—8 to 30 inches; ashy fine sandy loam MLRA: 23
Layer 3—30 to 40 inches; stratified ashy loamy sand to Landscape: Basin
ashy silt loam Elevation: 6,000 to 6,170
Layer 4—40 to 60 inches; clay Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Frost-free period: 75 to 90 days
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Composition
Component Properties and Qualities Four Star ashy loam, cold, 0 to 2 percent slopes—95
Runoff: Low percent
Hussa ashy silty clay loam, seeped, cold, 0 to 9 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
slopes—5 percent
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 10 inches Component Description
Present flooding: Occasional Four Star and similar soils
Present ponding: None Landform: Flood plains
Water table: Present Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
from volcanic rock
Interpretive Groups
Irrigated land capability: 3w Typical profile:
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; ashy loam
Layer 2—8 to 30 inches; sandy loam
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Layer 3—30 to 60 inches; stratified ashy loamy sand to
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" ashy silt loam
section.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Contrasting Inclusions
Four Star and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Runoff: Low
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Landform: Flood plains Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Available water capacity: About 11 inches
Hussa and similar soils Present flooding: Occasional
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Present ponding: None
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Water table: Present
Landform: Lake terraces Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
138 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups Component Properties and Qualities
Irrigated land capability: 3w Runoff: Very high
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Available water capacity: About 11 inches
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Present flooding: Occasional
section. Present ponding: None
Water table: Present
Contrasting Inclusions Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Hussa and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Interpretive Groups
Slope: 0 to 9 percent Irrigated land capability: 6w
Landform: Flood plains Nonirrigated land capability: 6w
Management Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
For information about managing this map unit, see the characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
following sections and associated tables in this section.
publication:
"Range" section Contrasting Inclusions
"Crops and Pasture" section Four Star and similar soils
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains
403—Four Star ashy loam, seeped
Hussa and similar soils
Map Unit Setting Composition: 0 to 3 percent
MLRA: 23 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landscape: Basin Landform: Lake terraces
Elevation: 4,460 to 4,600
Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches Hussa and similar soils
Air temperature: 43 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Frost-free period: 75 to 90 days Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake terraces
Composition
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
following sections and associated tables in this
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
publication:
Component Description "Range" section
Four Star and similar soils "Crops and Pasture" section
Landform: Flood plains "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
from volcanic rock 404—Freznik very stony loam, 2 to 15
percent slopes
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; ashy loam Map Unit Setting
Layer 2—8 to 30 inches; ashy fine sandy loam MLRA: 23
Layer 3—30 to 60 inches; stratified ashy loamy sand to Landscape: Plateau
ashy silt loam Elevation: 5,400 to 5,800
Precipitation: 10 to 12 inches
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Air temperature: 44 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Soil Properties” table for more information. Frost-free period: 70 to 90 days
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 139
Composition Contrasting Inclusions
Freznik very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—85 Rock outcrop
percent Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Rock outcrop, 5 to 15 percent slopes—3 percent Slope: 5 to 15 percent
Carryback very cobbly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2 Landform: Plateaus
percent
Deseed silt loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2 percent Carryback and similar soils
Ferver very cobbly silt loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2 Composition: 0 to 2 percent
percent Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Floke very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2 Landform: Plateaus
percent Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Thurber's needlegrass,
Rubble land, 30 to 50 percent slopes—2 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, low sagebrush, Sandberg
Tunnison cobbly clay, 0 to 8 percent slopes—2 percent bluegrass
Ecological site: R023XY216OR—Claypan
Component Description
Freznik and similar soils Deseed and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Landform: Plateaus
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, other perennial Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, Wyoming big
forbs, other perennial grasses, Webber needlegrass, sagebrush, Sandberg bluegrass, skyline bluegrass,
Sandberg bluegrass Thurber's needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY220OR—Clayey
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 11 Ferver and similar soils
percent cobbles, 11 percent gravel Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very stony loam Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Layer 2—3 to 25 inches; clay Landform: Toeslopes of plateaus
Layer 3—25 to 32 inches; clay loam Typical vegetation: Webber needlegrass, Thurber's
Layer 4—32 to 36 inches; bedrock needlegrass, Sandberg bluegrass, low sagebrush,
other perennial forbs, other perennial grasses,
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical bluebunch wheatgrass, Canby bluegrass, Douglas
Soil Properties” table for more information. rabbitbrush, other shrubs
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
Component Properties and Qualities
P.Z.
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
Floke and similar soils
inches
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Slope: 2 to 15 percent
(Permeability class: Very slow)
Landform: Plateaus
Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, Sandberg bluegrass,
Present flooding: None
lomatium, bluebunch wheatgrass, lupine, balsamroot
Present ponding: None
Ecological site: R023XY214OR—Claypan
Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Interpretive Groups Rubble land
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z. Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Landform: Plateaus
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Tunnison and similar soils
section. Composition: 0 to 2 percent
140 Soil Survey of
Slope: 0 to 8 percent Layer 3—16 to 26 inches; cemented material
Landform: Depressions Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, bottlebrush squirreltail, See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial grasses, other Soil Properties” table for more information.
perennial forbs, rubber rabbitbrush, low sagebrush
Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
Management Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
following sections and associated tables in this Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
publication: Available water capacity: About 2 inches
"Range" section Present flooding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
405—Fulstone-Nellspring-Buffaran Interpretive Groups
association Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
Map Unit Setting P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Fan piedmont Component Description
Elevation: 5,700 to 6,100 Nellspring and similar soils
Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches Landform: Summits of fan remnants
Air temperature: 45 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
Composition needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, spiny hopsage,
Fulstone very gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial grasses, other
slopes—40 percent perennial forbs, Lahontan sagebrush, ephedra, other
Nellspring very gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent shrubs
slopes—25 percent
Buffaran gravelly loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—20 Typical profile:
percent Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; very gravelly fine sandy loam
Abruptic Xeric Argidurids very gravelly fine sandy loam, Layer 2—3 to 18 inches; clay
4 to 15 percent slopes—6 percent Layer 3—18 to 35 inches; clay
Aridic Haploxererts cobbly clay, 0 to 4 percent slopes—5 Layer 4—35 to 60 inches; cemented material
percent
Aridic Haploxererts very cobbly clay, 0 to 4 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
slopes—3 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Rock outcrop—1 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: High
Fulstone and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 20 to 40 inches
Landform: Summits of fan remnants Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Slope: 2 to 15 percent (Permeability class: Very slow)
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Available water capacity: About 6 inches
Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, Webber Present flooding: None
needlegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Indian Present ponding: None
ricegrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile: Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly sandy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Layer 2—4 to 16 inches; clay Ecological site: R023XY047NV—Gravelly clay 8-10 P.Z.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 141
Component Description Aridic Haploxererts and similar soils
Buffaran and similar soils Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Landform: Shoulders of fan remnants Classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Haploxererts
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rocks Landform: Depressions
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, Thurber's
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial needlegrass, Webber needlegrass, other perennial
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush forbs, bluegrass
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12
Typical profile: P.Z.
Surface rock fragments: About 1 percent stones, 5
percent cobbles, 15 percent gravel Aridic Haploxererts and similar soils
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loam Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Layer 2—2 to 16 inches; gravelly clay loam Classification: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aridic Haploxererts
Layer 3—16 to 27 inches; cemented material Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Layer 4—27 to 60 inches; cemented material Landform: Depressions
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical bluegrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs, low
Soil Properties” table for more information. sagebrush, Washoe rubber rabbitbrush
Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Rock outcrop
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Landform: Ridges
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Management
Present flooding: None For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present ponding: None following sections and associated tables in this
Natural drainage class: Well drained publication:
"Range" section
Interpretive Groups "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
406—Fulstone-Saraph-Tuffo association
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23
section.
Landscape: Fan piedmont
Elevation: 5,790 to 6,110
Contrasting Inclusions
Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches
Abruptic Xeric Argidurids and similar soils
Air temperature: 43 to 52 degrees Fahrenheit
Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Frost-free period: 80 to 120 days
Classification: Clayey, smectitic, mesic, shallow Abruptic
Xeric Argidurids
Composition
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Fulstone very gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent
Landform: Summits of fan remnants
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber slopes—35 percent
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, low Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent
sagebrush slopes—30 percent
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12 Tuffo very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent
P.Z. slopes—20 percent
142 Soil Survey of
Argidic Argidurids very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 Layer 3—9 to 16 inches; ashy clay loam
percent slopes—5 percent Layer 4—16 to 30 inches; bedrock
Ceejay very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—5 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Vitrixerandic Haplargids ashy sandy loam, 0 to 4 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
slopes—5 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: High
Fulstone and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
Landform: Summits of fan remnants inches
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Webber slow)
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, Thurber's Available water capacity: About 2 inches
needlegrass, Lahontan sagebrush, other shrubs Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—4 to 16 inches; clay
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 3—16 to 26 inches; cemented material
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly sandy loam
Component Description
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Tuffo and similar soils
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Component Properties and Qualities Parent material: Residuum derived from tuffaceous
Runoff: High rocks
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, other perennial
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): grasses, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs, other
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) perennial forbs, bottlebrush squirreltail
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None Typical profile:
Present ponding: None Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Natural drainage class: Well drained Layer 2—1 to 8 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—8 to 30 inches; bedrock
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12 Soil Properties” table for more information.
P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: Very high
Saraph and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 4 to 14
Landform: Backslopes of rock pediments inches
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Parent material: Residuum derived from tuffaceous (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
rocks Available water capacity: About 1.1 inches
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, other Present flooding: None
perennial grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's Present ponding: None
needlegrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs Natural drainage class: Somewhat excessively drained
Typical profile: Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 2—4 to 9 inches; ashy sandy clay loam Ecological site: R023XY088NV—Chalky knoll
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 143
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days
section.
Composition
Contrasting Inclusions Gorzell very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Argidic Argidurids and similar soils slopes—55 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Old Camp very stony sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Classification: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic, slopes—30 percent
shallow Argidic Argidurids Reywat very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—8
Slope: 4 to 15 percent percent
Landform: Fan remnants Couch ashy fine sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes—7
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian percent
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
forbs, Wyoming big sagebrush, other shrubs Component Description
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Gorzell and similar soils
Landform: Beach terraces
Ceejay and similar soils Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed-igneous &
Slope: 4 to 15 percent sedimentary rocks
Landform: Backslopes of hills Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Wyoming
Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, other perennial big sagebrush, other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
forbs, other shrubs, Webber needlegrass, Thurber's Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
needlegrass, Indian ricegrass
Typical profile:
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
P.Z.
Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam
Layer 3—12 to 30 inches; gravelly clay loam
Vitrixerandic Haplargids and similar soils
Layer 4—30 to 60 inches; stratified extremely gravelly
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
coarse sand to very gravelly sand
Classification: Ashy, glassy, mesic Vitrixerandic
Haplargids See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 0 to 4 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Fan aprons
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, big sagebrush, basin Component Properties and Qualities
wildrye, other perennial grasses, bluegrass Runoff: Medium
Ecological site: R023XY082NV—Loamy fan 10-12 P.Z. Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Management slow)
For information about managing this map unit, see the Available water capacity: About 5 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Present flooding: None
publication: Present ponding: None
"Range" section Natural drainage class: Well drained
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
407—Gorzell-Old Camp association
Component Description
Map Unit Setting Old Camp and similar soils
MLRA: 23 Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Landscape: Plateau Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Elevation: 4,660 to 5,720 Parent material: Colluvium and/or residuum weathered
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches from volcanic rock
144 Soil Survey of
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, other sagebrush, black greasewood, other shrubs, spiny
shrubs, other perennial forbs, other perennial hopsage
grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z.
Typical profile: Management
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones For information about managing this map unit, see the
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very stony sandy loam following sections and associated tables in this
Layer 2—2 to 14 inches; extremely stony clay loam publication:
Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
408—Gorzell-Saraph association
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Map Unit Setting
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20 MLRA: 23
inches Landscape: Bolson
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Elevation: 4,580 to 5,750
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches
slow) Air temperature: 45 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Available water capacity: About 1.4 inches Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Composition
Natural drainage class: Well drained Gorzell very gravelly sandy loam, 4 to 8 percent
slopes—50 percent
Interpretive Groups Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s slopes—35 percent
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Nevadash gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent
slopes—8 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Jesayno ashy silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Zorravista fine sand, 4 to 15 percent slopes—3 percent
section.
Component Description
Contrasting Inclusions Gorzell and similar soils
Reywat and similar soils Landform: Beach terraces
Composition: 0 to 8 percent Slope: 4 to 8 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent, northwest to northeast aspects Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed-igneous &
Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on sedimentary rocks
backslopes of plateaus Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, Wyoming big
perennial grasses, Wyoming big sagebrush, Indian
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, basin wildrye,
ricegrass, other shrubs, Thurber's needlegrass
Thurber's needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
P.Z. Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very gravelly sandy loam
Couch and similar soils Layer 2—8 to 12 inches; gravelly clay loam
Composition: 0 to 7 percent Layer 3—12 to 30 inches; gravelly clay loam
Slope: 2 to 4 percent Layer 4—30 to 60 inches; stratified extremely gravelly
Landform: Summits of lake terraces coarse sand to very gravelly sand
Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, basin wildrye, See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
other perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, big Soil Properties” table for more information.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 145
Component Properties and Qualities Contrasting Inclusions
Runoff: Medium Nevadash and similar soils
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Composition: 0 to 8 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Slope: 2 to 4 percent
slow) Landform: Fan aprons, lake plains
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Typical vegetation: Thickspike wheatgrass, big
Present flooding: None sagebrush, other shrubs, spiny hopsage, basin
Present ponding: None wildrye, other perennial forbs
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY097NV—Loamy fan 8-10 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Jesayno and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Inset fans
Component Description Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, basin big
Saraph and similar soils sagebrush, other perennial forbs, basin wildrye,
Landform: Summits of rock pediments
western wheatgrass
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Ecological site: R023XY005NV—Dry floodplain
Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian
Zorravista and similar soils
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Typical profile: Landform: Dunes
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Typical vegetation: Basin big sagebrush, fourwing
Layer 2—4 to 9 inches; ashy sandy loam saltbush, spiny hopsage, other shrubs, Indian
Layer 3—9 to 16 inches; ashy clay loam ricegrass, basin wildrye, other perennial forbs
Layer 4—16 to 30 inches; bedrock Ecological site: R023XY011NV—Dunes 8-10 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Management
Soil Properties” table for more information. For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Component Properties and Qualities publication:
Runoff: High "Range" section
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20 "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately 409—Grassycan association
slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Map Unit Setting
Present flooding: None MLRA: 23
Present ponding: None
Landscape: Plateau
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Elevation: 5,460 to 6,130
Interpretive Groups Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Air temperature: 45 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Composition
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Grassycan very stony fine sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent
section. slopes—45 percent
146 Soil Survey of
Grassycan extremely stony fine sandy loam, 0 to 8 Typical profile:
percent slopes—40 percent Surface rock fragments: About 20 percent stones, 8
Ceejay very stony fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent percent cobbles, 34 percent gravel
slopes—6 percent Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; extremely stony fine sandy loam
Bombadil stony sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—4 Layer 2—4 to 12 inches; clay
percent Layer 3—12 to 13 inches; cemented material
Devada very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—3 Layer 4—13 to 23 inches; bedrock
percent
Rock outcrop—2 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description
Grassycan and similar soils Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Summits of plateaus Runoff: Medium
Slope: 2 to 15 percent Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 7 to 14 inches
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14 inches
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, bluegrass, other Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
perennial forbs, Webber needlegrass, Thurber's (Permeability class: Very slow)
needlegrass Available water capacity: About 1.6 inches
Present flooding: None
Typical profile: Present ponding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent stones, 5 Natural drainage class: Well drained
percent cobbles, 28 percent gravel
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very stony fine sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—4 to 12 inches; clay Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 3—12 to 13 inches; cemented material Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z.
Layer 4—13 to 23 inches; bedrock
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Soil Properties” table for more information. section.
Component Properties and Qualities Contrasting Inclusions
Runoff: High Ceejay and similar soils
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 7 to 14 inches Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14 inches Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
(Permeability class: Very slow) Typical vegetation: Webber needlegrass, Indian
Available water capacity: About 2 inches ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Lahontan
Present flooding: None sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other shrubs
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
Natural drainage class: Well drained P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Bombadil and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12 Slope: 4 to 15 percent
P.Z. Landform: Summits of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other
Component Description perennial forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big
Grassycan and similar soils sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Landform: Summits of plateaus Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Devada and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other Composition: 0 to 3 percent
perennial forbs, Webber needlegrass, low sagebrush, Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Sandberg bluegrass Landform: Summits of plateaus
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 147
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass, Layer 2—4 to 12 inches; clay
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low Layer 3—12 to 13 inches; cemented material
sagebrush Layer 4—13 to 23 inches; bedrock
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Rock outcrop Soil Properties” table for more information.
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Plateaus Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Medium
Management Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 7 to 14 inches
For information about managing this map unit, see the Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
publication: (Permeability class: Very slow)
"Range" section Available water capacity: About 1.6 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
410—Grassycan-Rock outcrop complex, 0
to 8 percent slopes Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Map Unit Setting Ecological site: R023XY021NV—Scabland 10-14 P.Z.
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau Component Description
Elevation: 5,140 to 6,170 Rock outcrop
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Landform: Plateaus
Air temperature: 45 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Composition section.
Grassycan extremely stony fine sandy loam, 0 to 8
percent slopes—70 percent Contrasting Inclusions
Rock outcrop—15 percent Devada and similar soils
Devada very stony loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes—6 Composition: 0 to 6 percent
percent Slope: 4 to 8 percent
Tunnison cobbly clay, 0 to 4 percent slopes—5 percent Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Grassycan very gravelly fine sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluegrass,
slopes—2 percent other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, low
Tuledad extremely cobbly loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes— sagebrush
2 percent Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Component Description Tunnison and similar soils
Grassycan and similar soils Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Landform: Summits of plateaus Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Slope: 0 to 8 percent Landform: Plateaus
Parent material: Residuum derived from volcanic rocks Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg
Typical vegetation: Webber needlegrass, low sagebrush, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs, low
Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial forbs, other sagebrush, Washoe rubber rabbitbrush
perennial grasses Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay
Typical profile: Grassycan and similar soils
Surface rock fragments: About 18 percent stones Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; extremely stony fine sandy loam Slope: 2 to 8 percent
148 Soil Survey of
Landform: Summits of plateaus Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Webber pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, low pyroclastic rock
sagebrush Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—lodgepole pine
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12 Forest understory—pinemat manzanita, lodgepole
P.Z.
pine, western white pine, other perennial forbs, other
shrubs, western needlegrass, Ross' sedge, bluegrass
Tuledad and similar soils
Site index: Lodgepole pine—50 at an age base of 100
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
years
Slope: 2 to 4 percent
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus
Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Sandberg
Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 1
bluegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
percent stones, 1 percent boulders, 10 percent
forbs, low sagebrush
cobbles
Ecological site: R023XY044NV—Very cobbly claypan
Oi—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly moderately decomposed
Management plant material
For information about managing this map unit, see the Layer 1—1 to 6 inches; extremely gravelly ashy sandy
following sections and associated tables in this loam
publication: Layer 2—6 to 30 inches; extremely gravelly ashy sandy
"Range" section loam
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Layer 3—30 to 40 inches; bedrock
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
411—Gurlidawg extremely gravelly ashy Soil Properties” table for more information.
sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes
Component Properties and Qualities
Map Unit Setting Runoff: High
MLRA: 21 Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
Landscape: Mountains inches
Elevation: 7,270 to 7,860 Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Precipitation: 20 to 40 inches Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Air temperature: 37 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Present flooding: None
Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Composition
Gurlidawg extremely gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 Interpretive Groups
to 30 percent slopes—85 percent Nonirrigated land capability: 6s
Lotawaca very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 30 Ecological site: F021XE232CA
percent slopes—5 percent
Paynepeak gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 30 percent Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
slopes—3 percent characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Pyropatti gravelly ashy loam, cool, 2 to 30 percent section.
slopes—3 percent
Rock outcrop, 30 to 75 percent slopes—3 percent Contrasting Inclusions
Histic Cryaquolls muck, cool, 4 to 30 percent slopes—1 Lotawaca and similar soils
percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Component Description Landform: Mountain slopes
Gurlidawg and similar soils Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—white fir Forest
Landform: Mountain slopes understory—Ross' sedge, western needlegrass,
Slope: 4 to 30 percent white fir, other annual forbs, Wheeler bluegrass,
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 149
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, western white Landscape: Mountains
pine, sticky currant Elevation: 6,540 to 8,140
Ecological site: F021XE239CA Precipitation: 20 to 40 inches
Air temperature: 37 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Paynepeak and similar soils Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 4 to 30 percent Composition
Landform: Mountain slopes Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 30 to 50
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, other percent slopes—85 percent
perennial forbs, roundleaf snowberry, bluegrass, Lotawaca very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 30 to 50
needlegrass, mountain brome, other shrubs, percent slopes—3 percent
mountain big sagebrush Paynepeak gravelly ashy loam, cool, 15 to 50 percent
Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope slopes—3 percent
Dawgbuffer very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50
Pyropatti and similar soils percent slopes—2 percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 30 to 50
Slope: 2 to 30 percent percent slopes—2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes Pyropatti gravelly ashy loam, cool, 8 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen slopes—2 percent
Forest understory—roundleaf snowberry, slender Rock outcrop, 30 to 75 percent slopes—2 percent
wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, mountain Histic Cryaquolls muck, cool, 4 to 30 percent slopes—1
brome, other perennial forbs, mountain big percent
sagebrush, quaking aspen
Ecological site: F021XE233CA Component Description
Gurlidawg and similar soils
Rock outcrop
Landform: Mountain slopes
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Slope: 30 to 75 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from
Landform: Backslopes of escarpments
pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from
pyroclastic rock
Histic Cryaquolls and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—lodgepole pine
Classification: Ashy, glassy Histic Cryaquolls Forest understory—bluegrass, other shrubs, Ross'
Slope: 4 to 30 percent sedge, western needlegrass, other perennial forbs,
Landform: Mountain slopes pinemat manzanita, lodgepole pine, western white
Typical vegetation: Sedge, other perennial forbs, other pine
perennial grasses, rush, tufted hairgrass Site index: Lodgepole pine—50 at an age base of 100
Ecological site: R021XE226CA—Seep years
Management Typical profile:
For information about managing this map unit, see the Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 10
following sections and associated tables in this percent cobbles, 1 percent stones, 1 percent
publication: boulders
"Range" section Oi—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly moderately decomposed
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections plant material
Layer 1—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 2—6 to 30 inches; extremely gravelly ashy sandy
412—Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam
loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes Layer 3—30 to 40 inches; bedrock
Map Unit Setting See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
MLRA: 21 Soil Properties” table for more information.
150 Soil Survey of
Component Properties and Qualities Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Runoff: Very high Landform: Mountain slopes
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—whitebark pine
inches Forest understory—other perennial forbs, western
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): needlegrass, California needlegrass, Ross' sedge,
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) other perennial grasses, other shrubs, whitebark
Available water capacity: About 4 inches pine, gooseberry currant
Present flooding: None Ecological site: F021XE235CA
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Pyropatti and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Interpretive Groups Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 6s Landform: Mountain slopes
Ecological site: F021XE232CA Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen
Forest understory—mountain brome, slender
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" forbs, roundleaf snowberry, quaking aspen, mountain
section. big sagebrush
Ecological site: F021XE233CA
Contrasting Inclusions
Lotawaca and similar soils Rock outcrop
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Slope: 30 to 75 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes Landform: Backslopes of escarpments
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—white fir Forest
understory—other perennial forbs, other annual Histic Cryaquolls and similar soils
forbs, western needlegrass, Ross' sedge, Wheeler Composition: 0 to 1 percent
bluegrass, sticky currant, white fir, other shrubs, Classification: Ashy, glassy Histic Cryaquolls
western white pine Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Ecological site: F021XE239CA Landform: Mountain slopes
Typical vegetation: Rush, tufted hairgrass, sedge, other
Paynepeak and similar soils
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Ecological site: R021XE226CA—Seep
Slope: 15 to 50 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses,
Management
needlegrass, mountain brome, bluegrass, roundleaf For information about managing this map unit, see the
snowberry, other perennial forbs, mountain big following sections and associated tables in this
sagebrush, other shrubs publication:
Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Dawgbuffer and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 15 to 50 percent 413—Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy
Landform: Mountain slopes loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes
Typical vegetation: Roundleaf snowberry, curl-leaf
mountain mahogany, other trees, needlegrass, Map Unit Setting
mountain brome, bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, MLRA: 21
other perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush Landscape: Mountains
Ecological site: R021XE210CA—Mahogany Savanna Elevation: 6,890 to 8,430
Precipitation: 20 to 40 inches
Gurlidawg cool and similar soils Air temperature: 37 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 151
Composition Natural drainage class: Well drained
Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 30
percent slopes—85 percent Interpretive Groups
Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 30 Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
percent slopes—5 percent Ecological site: F021XE232CA
Lotawaca very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 30
percent slopes—2 percent Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Paynepeak gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 30 percent characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
slopes—2 percent section.
Pyropatti gravelly ashy loam, cool, 2 to 30 percent
slopes—2 percent
Contrasting Inclusions
Gurlidawg cool and similar soils
Rock outcrop, 30 to 75 percent slopes—2 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Vitrandic Cryorthents very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4
Slope: 4 to 30 percent
to 30 percent slopes—2 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes
Component Description Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—whitebark pine
Gurlidawg and similar soils Forest understory—western needlegrass, other
Landform: Mountain slopes perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, whitebark
Slope: 4 to 30 percent pine, Ross' sedge, gooseberry currant, California
Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from needlegrass, other shrubs
pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from Ecological site: F021XE235CA
pyroclastic rock
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—lodgepole pine Lotawaca and similar soils
Forest understory—western needlegrass, Ross' Composition: 0 to 2 percent
sedge, bluegrass, pinemat manzanita, lodgepole Slope: 4 to 30 percent
pine, western white pine, other perennial forbs, other Landform: Mountain slopes
shrubs Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—white fir Forest
Site index: Lodgepole pine—50 at an age base of 100 understory—sticky currant, Wheeler bluegrass, other
years perennial forbs, other annual forbs, western
needlegrass, Ross' sedge, western white pine, other
Typical profile: shrubs, white fir
Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 10 Ecological site: F021XE239CA
percent cobbles, 1 percent stones, 1 percent
boulders Paynepeak and similar soils
Oi—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly moderately decomposed Composition: 0 to 2 percent
plant material Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Layer 1—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Landform: Mountain slopes
Layer 2—6 to 30 inches; extremely gravelly ashy sandy Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other shrubs,
loam mountain big sagebrush, other perennial grasses,
Layer 3—30 to 40 inches; bedrock roundleaf snowberry, needlegrass, mountain brome,
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical bluegrass
Soil Properties” table for more information. Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope
Component Properties and Qualities Pyropatti and similar soils
Runoff: High Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Slope: 2 to 30 percent
inches Landform: Mountain slopes
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) Forest understory—mountain brome, slender
Available water capacity: About 4 inches wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Present flooding: None forbs, mountain big sagebrush, quaking aspen,
Present ponding: None roundleaf snowberry
152 Soil Survey of
Ecological site: F021XE233CA Component Description
Gurlidawg and similar soils
Rock outcrop Landform: Mountain slopes
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Slope: 30 to 75 percent Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from
Landform: Backslopes of escarpments pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from
pyroclastic rock
Vitrandic Cryorthents and similar soils Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—whitebark pine
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Forest understory—western needlegrass, other
Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy Vitrandic shrubs, gooseberry currant, California needlegrass,
Cryorthents Ross' sedge, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Slope: 4 to 30 percent forbs, whitebark pine
Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, roundleaf Typical profile:
snowberry, other shrubs, other perennial grasses, Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 10
bluegrass, mountain brome, other perennial forbs, percent cobbles, 1 percent stones, 1 percent
needlegrass boulders
Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope Oi—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly moderately decomposed
plant material
Management Layer 1—1 to 6 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
For information about managing this map unit, see the Layer 2—6 to 30 inches; extremely gravelly ashy sandy
loam
following sections and associated tables in this
Layer 3—30 to 40 inches; bedrock
publication:
"Range" section
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Properties and Qualities
414—Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy Runoff: High
loam, cool, 4 to 30 percent slopes Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
inches
Map Unit Setting Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
MLRA: 21
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Landscape: Mountains
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Elevation: 7,120 to 8,800
Present flooding: None
Precipitation: 20 to 40 inches
Present ponding: None
Air temperature: 37 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Frost-free period: 30 to 60 days
Interpretive Groups
Composition Nonirrigated land capability: 6s
Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 30
Ecological site: F021XE235CA
percent slopes—85 percent
Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 4 to 30
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
percent slopes—5 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Paynepeak gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 30 percent
section.
slopes—4 percent
Gurlidawg very gravelly ashy sandy loam, cool, 30 to 50 Contrasting Inclusions
percent slopes—2 percent Gurlidawg cool and similar soils
Pyropatti gravelly ashy loam, cool, 2 to 30 percent Composition: 0 to 5 percent
slopes—2 percent Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Rock outcrop, 30 to 75 percent slopes—1 percent Landform: Mountain slopes
Vitrandic Cryorthents very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—lodgepole pine
to 30 percent slopes—1 percent Forest understory—Ross' sedge, western
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 153
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope
lodgepole pine, western white pine, other shrubs,
pinemat manzanita Management
Ecological site: F021XE232CA For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Paynepeak and similar soils publication:
Composition: 0 to 4 percent "Range" section
Slope: 4 to 30 percent "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Landform: Mountain slopes
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, needlegrass,
mountain brome, bluegrass, other perennial grasses, 415—Halvert-Jaybee-Tunnison association
mountain big sagebrush, other shrubs, roundleaf
snowberry Map Unit Setting
Ecological site: R021XE222CA—Loamy slope MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau
Gurlidawg and similar soils Elevation: 5,240 to 6,160
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Precipitation: 8 to 13 inches
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Air temperature: 44 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Landform: Mountain slopes Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—whitebark pine
Forest understory—western needlegrass, California Composition
needlegrass, Ross' sedge, other perennial grasses, Halvert gravelly loam, 0 to 8 percent slopes—40 percent
other perennial forbs, other shrubs, gooseberry Jaybee very cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—30
currant, whitebark pine percent
Ecological site: F021XE235CA Tunnison cobbly clay, 0 to 4 percent slopes—15 percent
Bucklake very gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—6
Pyropatti and similar soils
percent
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 2 to 30 percent Schamp clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—6 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes Fiddler very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—2
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen percent
Forest understory—roundleaf snowberry, quaking Boulder Lake silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—1 percent
aspen, mountain big sagebrush, other perennial
forbs, other perennial grasses, slender wheatgrass, Component Description
mountain brome Halvert and similar soils
Ecological site: F021XE233CA Landform: Plateaus
Slope: 0 to 8 percent
Rock outcrop Parent material: Alluvium and colluvium derived from
Composition: 0 to 1 percent volcanic rocks
Slope: 30 to 75 percent Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, Thurber's
Landform: Backslopes of escarpments needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass, other
perennial forbs
Vitrandic Cryorthents and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Typical profile:
Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy Vitrandic
Surface rock fragments: About 1 percent stones, 5
Cryorthents
percent cobbles, 22 percent gravel
Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loam
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; gravelly clay loam
roundleaf snowberry, other shrubs, mountain big Layer 3—5 to 27 inches; gravelly clay
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, bluegrass, other Layer 4—27 to 32 inches; cemented material
perennial grasses Layer 5—32 to 42 inches; bedrock
154 Soil Survey of
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Component Description
Soil Properties” table for more information. Tunnison and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus
Component Properties and Qualities Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Runoff: Medium Parent material: Colluvium and/or residuum weathered
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 20 to 32 inches from volcanic rock
Bedrock (paralithic): 24 to 40 inches Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, Washoe rubber
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, rabbitbrush, other shrubs, Sandberg bluegrass,
(Permeability class: Very slow) bottlebrush squirreltail, other perennial forbs
Available water capacity: About 4 inches
Present flooding: None Typical profile:
Present ponding: None Surface rock fragments: About 17 percent cobbles, 7
Natural drainage class: Well drained percent gravel
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; cobbly clay
Interpretive Groups Layer 2—2 to 27 inches; clay
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e Layer 3—27 to 30 inches; bedrock
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z. Layer 4—30 to 40 inches; bedrock
Component Description See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Jaybee and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Plateaus
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Runoff: Medium
and/or residuum weathered from volcanic rock Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 35
Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's inches Bedrock (lithic): 30 to 40 inches
needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, Sandberg Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
bluegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
forbs, Lahontan sagebrush, ephedra, other shrubs, Available water capacity: About 3 inches
spiny hopsage Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Natural drainage class: Well drained
Surface rock fragments: About 1 percent stones, 31
percent cobbles, 18 percent gravel Interpretive Groups
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very cobbly loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 2—4 to 14 inches; gravelly clay Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay
Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Soil Properties” table for more information. section.
Component Properties and Qualities Contrasting Inclusions
Runoff: High Bucklake and similar soils
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14 Composition: 0 to 6 percent
inches Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Landform: Plateaus
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Wyoming big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush,
Present flooding: None bluebunch wheatgrass
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY039NV—Loamy slope 10-14
Natural drainage class: Well drained P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Schamp and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Ecological site: R023XY047NV—Gravelly clay 8-10 P.Z. Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 155
Landform: Inset fans Tuffo very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, other slopes—6 percent
perennial grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's Chalco very gravelly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—3
needlegrass, other perennial forbs, other shrubs percent
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Component Description
Fiddler and similar soils Hangrock and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Landform: Fan remnants
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Shoulders of plateaus Parent material: Alluvium derived from pyroclastic and
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper extrusive volcanic rocks
Forest understory—arrowleaf balsamroot, Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Wyoming big
rabbitbrush, Idaho fescue, Nevada bluegrass,
sagebrush, Thurber's needlegrass, other perennial
antelope bitterbrush, bottlebrush squirreltail,
forbs, Indian ricegrass, other perennial grasses
Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass
Ecological site: F023XY024NV
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
Boulder Lake and similar soils
Layer 2—4 to 17 inches; gravelly ashy clay loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Layer 3—17 to 60 inches; cemented material
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Depressions
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Typical vegetation: Silver sagebrush, other perennial
Soil Properties” table for more information.
forbs, Nevada bluegrass, mat muhly, wildrye
Ecological site: R023XY003NV—Clay basin
Component Properties and Qualities
Management Runoff: High
For information about managing this map unit, see the Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
publication: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
"Range" section slow)
"Forest land" section Available water capacity: About 3 inches
"Crops and Pasture" section Present flooding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
416—Hangrock very gravelly ashy loam, 2 Interpretive Groups
to 8 percent slopes Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Landscape: Fan piedmont characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Elevation: 5,270 to 6,120 section.
Precipitation: 9 to 11 inches
Contrasting Inclusions
Air temperature: 45 to 47 degrees Fahrenheit
Saraph and similar soils
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Composition Landform: Summits of rock pediments
Hangrock very gravelly ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian
slopes—85 percent ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial
Saraph very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush
slopes—6 percent Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
156 Soil Survey of
Tuffo and similar soils Component Description
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Harskel and similar soils
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Landform: Plateaus
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Wyoming Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, bottlebrush and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
squirreltail, Indian ricegrass, other shrubs Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Ecological site: R023XY088NV—Chalky knoll mountain big sagebrush, other perennial forbs,
antelope bitterbrush
Chalco and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Typical profile:
Slope: 8 to 15 percent Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Landform: Pediments Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, Indian Layer 2—3 to 8 inches; very cobbly ashy loam
ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Webber Layer 3—8 to 19 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
needlegrass, other shrubs, other perennial forbs Layer 4—19 to 29 inches; bedrock
Ecological site: R023XY093NV—Gravelly clay 10-12
P.Z. See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the Component Properties and Qualities
following sections and associated tables in this Runoff: High
publication: Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
"Range" section inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
417—Harskel-Brownsbowl-Cowbell Present flooding: None
association Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Interpretive Groups
Landscape: Plateau Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Elevation: 5,690 to 6,670 Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
Precipitation: 10 to 18 inches
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Component Description
Frost-free period: 50 to 90 days Brownsbowl and similar soils
Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on plateaus
Composition Slope: 8 to 15 percent, northeast to northwest aspects
Harskel extremely cobbly ashy loam, 8 to 30 percent Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
slopes—40 percent from andesite
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other
slopes—30 percent
perennial forbs, melic, mountain brome, needlegrass,
Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to
Idaho fescue, other shrubs
30 percent slopes—15 percent
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent
slopes—6 percent Typical profile:
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
slopes—4 percent Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam
slopes—3 percent Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam
Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine
slopes—2 percent sandy loam
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 157
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Soil Properties” table for more information. Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Component Properties and Qualities section.
Runoff: Low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Contrasting Inclusions
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Nutzan and similar soils
Available water capacity: About 6 inches Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Present flooding: None Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Present ponding: None Landform: Summits of plateaus
Natural drainage class: Well drained Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, other
Interpretive Groups
shrubs, antelope bitterbrush, Idaho fescue,
Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z.
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Component Description
Cowbell and similar soils Hutchley and similar soils
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of Composition: 0 to 4 percent
plateaus Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect
Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Landform: North facing summits of plateaus
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, needlegrass,
from volcanic rocks mountain big sagebrush, Idaho fescue, basin wildrye,
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, curlleaf other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass
mountainmahogany, mountain big sagebrush, Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
Cusick's bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho
fescue Snag and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical profile: Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones Landform: Ground moraines
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy mucky Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, snowberry, Idaho fescue,
sandy loam basin wildrye, needlegrass, mountain brome, other
Layer 2—3 to 9 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain
Layer 3—9 to 40 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy clay big sagebrush, other shrubs
loam Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z.
Layer 4—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy clay
loam Hashwoods and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Slope: 4 to 15 percent, northwest to northeast aspects
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on plateaus
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen
Component Properties and Qualities Forest understory—mountain brome, slender
Runoff: Medium wheatgrass, Nevada bluegrass, other perennial
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): grasses, quaking aspen, snowberry, other shrubs,
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) other perennial forbs
Available water capacity: About 10 inches Ecological site: F023XY028NV
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None Management
Natural drainage class: Well drained For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
Interpretive Groups publication:
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e "Range" section
158 Soil Survey of
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
418—Harskel-Menbo association Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Component Description
Landscape: Plateau Menbo and similar soils
Elevation: 5,820 to 6,930 Landform: Plateaus
Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Frost-free period: 50 to 90 days tuffaceous rocks
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, needlegrass, basin
Composition wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Harskel extremely cobbly ashy loam, 8 to 30 percent mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush
slopes—60 percent
Menbo very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—30 Typical profile:
percent Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly loam
Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to Layer 2—6 to 26 inches; very cobbly clay
30 percent slopes—5 percent Layer 3—26 to 36 inches; bedrock
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes—3 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Hart Camp stony loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—2 Soil Properties” table for more information.
percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: High
Harskel and similar soils Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
Landform: Plateaus inches
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other Present flooding: None
perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush, needlegrass, Present ponding: None
bluebunch wheatgrass Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile: Interpretive Groups
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Layer 2—3 to 8 inches; very cobbly ashy loam
Layer 3—8 to 19 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Layer 4—19 to 29 inches; bedrock characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Contrasting Inclusions
Cowbell and similar soils
Component Properties and Qualities Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Runoff: High Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20 Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of
inches plateaus
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, curlleaf
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) mountainmahogany, mountain big sagebrush,
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Cusick's bluegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho
Present flooding: None fescue
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 159
Snag and similar soils Crocan extremely stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2
Composition: 0 to 3 percent percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Ground moraines Component Description
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, bluegrass, other Harskel and similar soils
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain Landform: Plateaus
big sagebrush, other shrubs, snowberry, Idaho Slope: 8 to 30 percent
fescue, mountain brome, needlegrass Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z. and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Hart Camp and similar soils mountain big sagebrush, other perennial forbs,
Composition: 0 to 2 percent antelope bitterbrush
Slope: 8 to 30 percent
Landform: Plateaus Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other perennial Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass, mountain Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
big sagebrush Layer 2—3 to 8 inches; very cobbly ashy loam
Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z. Layer 3—8 to 19 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam
Layer 4—19 to 29 inches; bedrock
Management
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: High
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
419—Harskel-Ninemile-Cowbell association Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Map Unit Setting Present flooding: None
MLRA: 23 Present ponding: None
Landscape: Plateau Natural drainage class: Well drained
Elevation: 5,310 to 6,620
Precipitation: 10 to 18 inches Interpretive Groups
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Frost-free period: 50 to 90 days Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
Composition Component Description
Harskel extremely cobbly ashy loam, 8 to 30 percent Ninemile and similar soils
slopes—40 percent Landform: Plateaus
Ninemile very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—30 Slope: 4 to 15 percent
percent Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
Cowbell extremely cobbly ashy mucky sandy loam, 4 to and/or residuum weathered from volcanic rock
30 percent slopes—15 percent Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, low sagebrush, other
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, other
slopes—6 percent perennial grasses, bluegrass, Idaho fescue,
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Thurber's needlegrass
slopes—4 percent
Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 30 percent Typical profile:
slopes—3 percent Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones
160 Soil Survey of
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very cobbly loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—7 to 19 inches; gravelly clay Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Layer 3—19 to 29 inches; bedrock Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Soil Properties” table for more information. characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Contrasting Inclusions
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20 Nutzan and similar soils
inches Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, Slope: 8 to 15 percent
(Permeability class: Very slow) Landform: Summits of plateaus
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, other
Present flooding: None perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain
Present ponding: None big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Hutchley and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z. Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect
Landform: North facing summits of plateaus
Component Description Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch
Cowbell and similar soils wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, basin wildrye,
Landform: East to west aspects on backslopes of Idaho fescue, needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush
plateaus Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
Slope: 4 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Ashtre and similar soils
from volcanic rocks Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Slope: 15 to 30 percent
bluebunch wheatgrass, Cusick's bluegrass, mountain Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
big sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
bluegrass, other perennial grasses, bluebunch
Typical profile: wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big
Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones sagebrush, other shrubs
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; extremely cobbly ashy mucky Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z.
sandy loam
Layer 2—3 to 9 inches; extremely cobbly ashy loam Crocan and similar soils
Layer 3—9 to 40 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy clay Composition: 0 to 2 percent
loam Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Layer 4—40 to 60 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy clay Landform: Plateau rims
loam Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
Forest understory—Idaho fescue, bluebunch
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, western
Soil Properties” table for more information. needlegrass, Canby bluegrass, low sagebrush, other
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, other
Component Properties and Qualities shrubs, other trees
Runoff: Medium Ecological site: F023XY095NV
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate) Management
Available water capacity: About 10 inches For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present flooding: None following sections and associated tables in this
Present ponding: None publication:
Natural drainage class: Well drained "Range" section
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 161
"Forest land" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
420—Hart Camp-Menbo association Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Map Unit Setting Natural drainage class: Well drained
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Plateau Interpretive Groups
Elevation: 4,780 to 6,600 Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 50 to 90 days Component Description
Menbo and similar soils
Composition Landform: Plateaus
Hart Camp stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—60 Slope: 15 to 50 percent
percent Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
Menbo cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes—30 tuffaceous rocks
percent Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, bluebunch
Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 50 percent slopes— wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, mountain big
5 percent sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, needlegrass, Idaho
Hart Camp stony loam, moist, 2 to 8 percent slopes—3 fescue
percent
Crocan extremely stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—1 Typical profile:
percent Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Vitritorrandic Argixerolls gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; cobbly loam
percent slopes—1 percent Layer 2—6 to 26 inches; very cobbly clay
Layer 3—26 to 36 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Hart Camp and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Plateaus Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big Runoff: Very high
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, antelope Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 20 to 40
bitterbrush, needlegrass inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical profile: Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; stony loam Present flooding: None
Layer 2—3 to 13 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam Present ponding: None
Layer 3—13 to 23 inches; bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Interpretive Groups
Soil Properties” table for more information. Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20 characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
inches section.
162 Soil Survey of
Contrasting Inclusions Landscape: Plateau
Softscrabble and similar soils Elevation: 5,990 to 6,960
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Air temperature: 43 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Frost-free period: 50 to 100 days
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye, other
perennial forbs, antelope bitterbrush, mountain big Composition
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass Hart Camp gravelly loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—60
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. percent
Ninemile very gravelly loam, 4 to 30 percent slopes—25
Hart Camp moist and similar soils percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Tusune gravelly ashy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—6
Slope: 2 to 8 percent percent
Landform: Plateaus Hartig very stony sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, basin wildrye, 5 percent
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Lithic Argixerolls very gravelly loam, 4 to 15 percent
mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, slopes—2 percent
needlegrass Vitrandic Haplocryolls ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z. slopes—2 percent
Crocan and similar soils Component Description
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Hart Camp and similar soils
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Landform: Summits of plateaus
Landform: Plateau rims Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff
Forest understory—Idaho fescue, bluebunch Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, needlegrass,
wheatgrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Canby bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush,
bluegrass, low sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial forbs
other shrubs, other trees, western needlegrass, other
perennial grasses Typical profile:
Ecological site: F023XY095NV Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 5
percent cobbles, 15 percent gravel
Vitritorrandic Argixerolls and similar soils
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; gravelly loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Layer 2—3 to 16 inches; gravelly clay loam
Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Vitritorrandic
Layer 3—16 to 26 inches; bedrock
Argixerolls
Slope: 2 to 4 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, sedge, other
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs
Component Properties and Qualities
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Runoff: High
Management Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20
For information about managing this map unit, see the inches
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
publication: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
"Range" section slow)
"Forest land" section Available water capacity: About 3 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
421—Hart Camp-Ninemile association
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
MLRA: 23 Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 163
Component Description Landform: Southeast to west aspects on backslopes of
Ninemile and similar soils plateaus
Landform: Summits of plateaus Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye,
Slope: 4 to 30 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z.
and/or residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, Thurber's needlegrass, Lithic Argixerolls and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial grasses,
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid
Idaho fescue, bluegrass, low sagebrush, other
Lithic Argixerolls
perennial forbs Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Typical profile: Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, basin wildrye,
Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very gravelly loam needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush, Idaho fescue,
Layer 2—7 to 19 inches; gravelly clay bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush
Layer 3—19 to 29 inches; bedrock Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Vitrandic Haplocryolls and similar soils
Soil Properties” table for more information. Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Classification: Ashy, glassy Vitrandic Haplocryolls
Component Properties and Qualities Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Runoff: High Landform: Inset fans
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20 Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush,
inches needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Cusick's bluegrass, other
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, perennial forbs, other perennial grasses
(Permeability class: Very slow) Ecological site: R023XY084NV—Deep loamy 14-16 P.Z.
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None Management
Present ponding: None For information about managing this map unit, see the
Natural drainage class: Well drained following sections and associated tables in this
publication:
Interpretive Groups
"Range" section
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" 422—Hart Camp-Runyon-Ashtre
section. association
Contrasting Inclusions Map Unit Setting
Tusune and similar soils MLRA: 23
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Landscape: Plateau
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, northwest to east aspects Elevation: 6,170 to 6,670
Landform: Northwest to east aspects on footslopes of Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches
plateaus Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Cusick's bluegrass, Frost-free period: 60 to 90 days
mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass,
other perennial forbs, other shrubs Composition
Ecological site: R023XY054NV—Steep north slope Hart Camp stony loam, moist, 4 to 15 percent slopes—
50 percent
Hartig and similar soils Runyon cobbly loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—25 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—
Slope: 30 to 50 percent, southeast to west aspects 15 percent
164 Soil Survey of
Ninemile very cobbly loam, 4 to 8 percent slopes—4 Typical profile:
percent Surface rock fragments: About 6 percent stones, 6
Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes— percent cobbles, 18 percent gravel, 5 percent fine
3 percent gravel
Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—2 Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; cobbly loam
percent Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; loam
Vitritorrandic Argixerolls gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 4 Layer 3—5 to 25 inches; gravelly loam
percent slopes—1 percent Layer 4—25 to 37 inches; cobbly loam
Layer 5—37 to 72 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Hart Camp moist and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Plateaus Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, basin Runoff: High
wildrye, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
antelope bitterbrush, mountain big sagebrush inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical profile: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Available water capacity: About 6 inches
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; stony loam Present flooding: None
Layer 2—3 to 13 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam Present ponding: None
Layer 3—13 to 23 inches; bedrock Natural drainage class: Well drained
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Interpretive Groups
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: R021XE044CA—Cool loam 12-16"
Runoff: High
Component Description
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20
Ashtre and similar soils
inches
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
slow) and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, mountain big
Present flooding: None sagebrush, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Present ponding: None wheatgrass, other perennial grasses, bluegrass,
Natural drainage class: Well drained Idaho fescue, needlegrass
Interpretive Groups Typical profile:
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam
Ecological site: R023XY007NV—Loamy 14-16 P.Z. Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam
Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam
Component Description
Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock
Runyon and similar soils
Landform: Plateaus
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 8 to 15 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or colluvium and/or
residuum weathered from volcanic rock Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho fescue, Runoff: High
other perennial forbs, Canby bluegrass, mountain big Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush inches
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 165
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow) Management
Available water capacity: About 5 inches For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present flooding: None following sections and associated tables in this
Present ponding: None publication:
Natural drainage class: Well drained "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. 423—Hart Camp-Softscrabble association
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Map Unit Setting
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" MLRA: 23
section. Landscape: Plateau
Elevation: 4,910 to 6,340
Contrasting Inclusions Precipitation: 10 to 20 inches
Ninemile and similar soils Air temperature: 43 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Frost-free period: 50 to 90 days
Slope: 4 to 8 percent
Landform: Plateaus Composition
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, low sagebrush, other Hart Camp stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—60
perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, other percent
perennial grasses, bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 15 to 50 percent
Idaho fescue slopes—30 percent
Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z. Ninemile very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—5
percent
Softscrabble and similar soils Karlo very cobbly clay, 2 to 8 percent slopes—3 percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Crocan extremely stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—2
Slope: 15 to 30 percent percent
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, needlegrass, Component Description
mountain big sagebrush, basin wildrye, bluebunch Hart Camp and similar soils
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs Landform: Plateaus
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Residuum weathered from tuff
Dosie and similar soils Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other perennial
Composition: 0 to 2 percent forbs, needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
big sagebrush
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big
Typical profile:
sagebrush, basin wildrye, needlegrass
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z.
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; stony loam
Vitritorrandic Argixerolls and similar soils Layer 2—3 to 13 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Layer 3—13 to 23 inches; bedrock
Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Vitritorrandic
Argixerolls See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 2 to 4 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, sedge, other Component Properties and Qualities
perennial forbs, other perennial grasses Runoff: High
166 Soil Survey of
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 10 to 20 Contrasting Inclusions
inches Ninemile and similar soils
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Slope: 4 to 15 percent
slow) Landform: Summits of plateaus
Available water capacity: About 2 inches Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Thurber's
Present flooding: None needlegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial
Present ponding: None forbs, low sagebrush, other shrubs, bluegrass, Idaho
Natural drainage class: Well drained fescue
Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Karlo and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY015NV—Stony loam 12-14 P.Z. Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Component Description Landform: Plateaus
Softscrabble and similar soils Typical vegetation: Bottlebrush squirreltail, other
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus perennial forbs, other shrubs, low sagebrush,
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Washoe rubber rabbitbrush, Sandberg bluegrass
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Ecological site: R023XY001NV—Churning clay
volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, basin wildrye, Crocan and similar soils
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, Composition: 0 to 2 percent
antelope bitterbrush, mountain big sagebrush Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Landform: Plateau rims
Typical profile: Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Forest understory—western needlegrass, Canby
Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; very cobbly loam
bluegrass, low sagebrush, other shrubs, Idaho
Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam
Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, Thurber's
Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock needlegrass, other trees, other perennial forbs, other
perennial grasses
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: F023XY095NV
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management
Component Properties and Qualities For information about managing this map unit, see the
Runoff: Very high following sections and associated tables in this
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 71 publication:
inches "Range" section
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): "Forest land" section
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Available water capacity: About 8 inches
Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None 424—Hartner-Rock outcrop-Sesdah
Natural drainage class: Well drained complex, 30 to 99 percent slopes
Interpretive Groups Map Unit Setting
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s MLRA: 21
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 4,690 to 7,160
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Precipitation: 12 to 26 inches
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Air temperature: 41 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
section. Frost-free period: 50 to 80 days
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 167
Composition Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Hartner very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 75 percent Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
slopes—40 percent Available water capacity: About 0.6 inches
Rock outcrop, 30 to 99 percent slopes—25 percent Present flooding: None
Sesdah gravelly ashy loam, 30 to 75 percent slopes—20 Present ponding: None
percent Natural drainage class: Well drained
Crazybird very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50
percent slopes—6 percent Interpretive Groups
Dawgbuffer very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 Nonirrigated land capability: 8e
percent slopes—2 percent Ecological site: R021XE204CA—Eroded slope
Welltomas very gravelly ashy loam, cool, 15 to 30
percent slopes—2 percent Component Description
Histic Cryaquolls muck, cool, 2 to 8 percent slopes—1 Rock outcrop
percent Landform: Backslopes of escarpments
Lithic Argixerolls very gravelly ashy loam, cool, 4 to 30
percent slopes—1 percent Component Description
Lyonman gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 to 50 percent Sesdah and similar soils
slopes—1 percent Landform: Mountain slopes
Vitrandic Argixerolls very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 30 Slope: 30 to 75 percent
to 50 percent slopes—1 percent Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from
Vitrandic Haploxerolls extremely cobbly ashy loam, cool, pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from
4 to 15 percent slopes—1 percent pyroclastic rock
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, Nevada bluegrass,
Component Description bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs,
Hartner and similar soils mountain big sagebrush
Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Slope: 30 to 75 percent Typical profile:
Parent material: Volcanic ash, colluvium derived from Surface rock fragments: About 35 percent gravel, 5
pyroclastic rock and residuum weathered from percent cobbles, 2 percent stones
pyroclastic rock Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Layer 2—5 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy loam
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, other perennial forbs,
Layer 3—10 to 16 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy clay
antelope bitterbrush, Indian ricegrass, other perennial
loam
grasses, purple sage, bluebunch wheatgrass, Layer 4—16 to 26 inches; bedrock
mountain big sagebrush, rubber rabbitbrush, western
juniper, other shrubs See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical profile:
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 2 Component Properties and Qualities
percent cobbles, 28 percent gravel Runoff: Very high
Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 14 to 20
Layer 2—1 to 4 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam inches
Layer 3—4 to 14 inches; bedrock Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Soil Properties” table for more information. Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Component Properties and Qualities Natural drainage class: Well drained
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 4 to 10 Interpretive Groups
inches Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
168 Soil Survey of
Ecological site: R021XE223CA—Ashy loamy slope other perennial forbs, other perennial grasses,
Sandberg bluegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Ecological site: F021XE237CA
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section. Lyonman and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Contrasting Inclusions Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Crazybird and similar soils Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Composition: 0 to 6 percent Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—ponderosa pine
Slope: 30 to 50 percent Forest understory—other perennial grasses, other
Landform: Mountain slopes shrubs, other perennial forbs, Wheeler bluegrass,
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluebunch
ponderosa pine, roundleaf snowberry, needlegrass,
wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush, mountain big
Ross' sedge
sagebrush, other shrubs, other trees, needlegrass,
bluegrass Ecological site: F021XE230CA
Ecological site: R021XE205CA—South slope
Vitrandic Argixerolls and similar soils
Dawgbuffer and similar soils Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, frigid, shallow
Slope: 15 to 50 percent Vitrandic Argixerolls
Landform: Mountain slopes Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Typical vegetation: Other trees, curl-leaf mountain Landform: Mountain slopes
mahogany, bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass, Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, other perennial
mountain brome, bluegrass, other perennial forbs, grasses, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
mountain big sagebrush, roundleaf snowberry wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
Ecological site: R021XE210CA—Mahogany Savanna Ecological site: R021XE228CA—Loamy
Vitrandic Haploxerolls and similar soils
Welltomas and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, frigid Vitrandic
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Haploxerolls
Landform: Mountain slopes
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, bluegrass,
Landform: Stream terraces
bluebunch wheatgrass, other shrubs, western juniper,
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—black cottonwood
low sagebrush
Forest understory—Kentucky bluegrass, slender
Ecological site: R021XE214CA—Claypan
wheatgrass, redosier dogwood, black cottonwood,
Woods' rose, other perennial forbs, other perennial
Histic Cryaquolls and similar soils
grasses, other annual forbs, other shrubs, willow
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Ecological site: F021XE238CA
Classification: Ashy, glassy Histic Cryaquolls
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Management
Landform: Mountain slopes For information about managing this map unit, see the
Typical vegetation: Rush, tufted hairgrass, sedge, other following sections and associated tables in this
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs publication:
Ecological site: R021XE226CA—Seep "Range" section
"Forest land" section
Lithic Argixerolls and similar soils "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Classification: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, frigid Lithic
Argixerolls 425—Home Camp-Runyon association
Slope: 4 to 30 percent
Landform: Mountain slopes Map Unit Setting
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—western juniper MLRA: 21
Forest understory—other shrubs, antelope Landscape: Mountains
bitterbrush, western juniper, mountain big sagebrush, Elevation: 6,100 to 6,460
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 169
Precipitation: 10 to 16 inches Component Description
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Runyon and similar soils
Frost-free period: 30 to 90 days Landform: Mountains
Slope: 9 to 30 percent
Composition Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or colluvium and/or
Home Camp stony loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes—65 residuum weathered from volcanic rock
percent Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
Runyon gravelly loam, 9 to 30 percent slopes—20 other perennial forbs, Canby bluegrass, mountain big
percent sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush
Hart Camp stony loam, moist, 5 to 30 percent slopes—5
percent Typical profile:
Rock outcrop, 15 to 30 percent slopes—5 percent Surface rock fragments: About 6 percent stones, 6
Madeline very stony loam, 5 to 15 percent slopes—5 percent cobbles, 18 percent gravel, 5 percent fine
percent gravel
Component Description Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; gravelly loam
Home Camp and similar soils Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; loam
Landform: Mountains Layer 3—5 to 25 inches; gravelly loam
Slope: 5 to 15 percent Layer 4—25 to 37 inches; cobbly loam
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Layer 5—37 to 72 inches; bedrock
and residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, mountain big See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, Soil Properties” table for more information.
needlegrass
Component Properties and Qualities
Typical profile: Runoff: Very high
Surface rock fragments: About 10 percent cobbles, 5 Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
percent stones inches
Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; stony loam Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Layer 2—3 to 9 inches; very gravelly loam Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Layer 3—9 to 17 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam Available water capacity: About 6 inches
Layer 4—17 to 28 inches; very gravelly clay Present flooding: None
Layer 5—28 to 38 inches; bedrock Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7e
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: R021XE044CA—Cool loam 12-16"
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
inches characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): section.
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow) Contrasting Inclusions
Available water capacity: About 4 inches Hart Camp and similar soils
Present flooding: None Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Present ponding: None Slope: 5 to 30 percent
Natural drainage class: Well drained Landform: Mountains
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush,
Interpretive Groups mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass,
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Idaho fescue
Ecological site: R021XE174CA—Stony loam 12-16" Ecological site: R021XE174CA—Stony loam 12-16"
170 Soil Survey of
Rock outcrop See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Mountains Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Medium
Madeline and similar soils Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Slope: 5 to 15 percent Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
Landform: Toeslopes of mountains Available water capacity: About 10 inches
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other Present flooding: Rare
perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush, antelope Present ponding: None
bitterbrush, Thurber's needlegrass Water table: Present
Ecological site: R021XE179CA—Warm stony loam 12- Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
16"
Interpretive Groups
Management Irrigated land capability: 3w
For information about managing this map unit, see the Nonirrigated land capability: 3w
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
"Range" section characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections section.
Contrasting Inclusions
426—Hovey silty clay loam Couch and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Map Unit Setting Slope: 0 to 2 percent
MLRA: 23 Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants
Landscape: Basin
Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, Nevada
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,570
bluegrass, basin wildrye, inland saltgrass, Lemmon's
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 44 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit alkaligrass
Frost-free period: 90 to 115 days Ecological site: R023XY002NV—Saline meadow
Composition Hussa and similar soils
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 percent Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Couch ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Landform: Lake terraces
Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, black
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent greasewood, Nevada bluegrass
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
Component Description
Lolak and similar soils
Hovey and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Landform: Lake terraces Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Landform: Lake terraces
Parent material: Mixed alluvium and/or mixed lacustrine Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye,
deposits Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; silty clay loam Hussa and similar soils
Layer 2—10 to 48 inches; silty clay loam Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Layer 3—48 to 72 inches; stratified fine sandy loam to Slope: 0 to 2 percent
silty clay loam Landform: Lake terraces
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 171
Management Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this Interpretive Groups
publication: Irrigated land capability: 3w
"Range" section Nonirrigated land capability: 4w
"Crops and Pasture" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
427—Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent
slopes Contrasting Inclusions
Buntingville and similar soils
Map Unit Setting Composition: 0 to 5 percent
MLRA: 23 Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landscape: Basin Landform: Fan remnants
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,720
Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches Hussa and similar soils
Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake terraces
Composition Typical vegetation: Other perennial grasses, sedge,
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 other perennial forbs, Nevada bluegrass
percent Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Buntingville ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Histic Endoaquolls and similar soils
Histic Endoaquolls muck, cool, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 Composition: 0 to 2 percent
percent Classification: Ashy, glassy, frigid Histic Endoaquolls
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Component Description Landform: Alluvial fans
Hussa and similar soils Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, other perennial forbs,
Landform: Lake terraces other perennial grasses, rush, meadow barley, tufted
Slope: 0 to 2 percent hairgrass, sedge
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Ecological site: R023XY025NV—Wet meadow 14+ P.Z.
from volcanic rock
Management
Typical profile: For information about managing this map unit, see the
Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy clay loam following sections and associated tables in this
Layer 2—12 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay publication:
loam to ashy silty clay loam "Range" section
"Crops and Pasture" section
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Properties and Qualities 428—Hussa ashy clay loam, clay
Runoff: Low substratum, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Map Unit Setting
slow) MLRA: 23
Available water capacity: About 14 inches Landscape: Basin
Present flooding: Occasional Elevation: 4,450 to 4,710
Present ponding: None Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Water table: Present Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
172 Soil Survey of
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Four Star and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Composition Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90
Landform: Flood plains
percent
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
Management
Buntingville ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
following sections and associated tables in this
Component Description publication:
Hussa and similar soils "Range" section
Landform: Lake terraces "Crops and Pasture" section
Slope: 0 to 2 percent "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
from volcanic rock
429—Hussa ashy loam, clay substratum,
Typical profile: drained, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy clay loam
Layer 2—12 to 45 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay Map Unit Setting
loam to ashy silty clay loam MLRA: 23
Layer 3—45 to 60 inches; clay Landscape: Basin
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,580
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Soil Properties” table for more information. Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Component Properties and Qualities Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Runoff: Low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Composition
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 percent
(Permeability class: Very slow)
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Available water capacity: About 12 inches
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
Present flooding: Rare
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
Present ponding: None
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 percent
Water table: Present
Surprise gravelly ashy sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
slopes—2 percent
Interpretive Groups
Irrigated land capability: 3w
Component Description
Hussa and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w
Landform: Lake terraces
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
section. from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
Contrasting Inclusions perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass, sedge
Hovey and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Typical profile:
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy loam
Landform: Lake terraces Layer 2—12 to 45 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay
loam to ashy silty clay loam
Buntingville and similar soils Layer 3—45 to 60 inches; clay
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Fan remnants Soil Properties” table for more information.
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 173
Component Properties and Qualities Typical vegetation: Bluegrass, big sagebrush, Thurber's
Runoff: Low needlegrass, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, wheatgrass, antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs
(Permeability class: Very slow) Ecological site: R023XY022NV—Well drained fan 12-14
Available water capacity: About 12 inches P.Z.
Present flooding: Rare
Present ponding: None Management
Water table: Present For information about managing this map unit, see the
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained following sections and associated tables in this
publication:
Interpretive Groups "Range" section
Irrigated land capability: 3w "Crops and Pasture" section
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in 430—Hussa ashy loam, drained, 0 to 2
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" percent slopes
section.
Map Unit Setting
Contrasting Inclusions MLRA: 23
Four Star and similar soils Landscape: Basin
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Elevation: 4,450 to 4,560
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Landform: Flood plains Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Four Star seeped and similar soils
Composition
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—85 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—6 percent
Landform: Flood plains
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent
Hussa and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Component Description
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Hussa and similar soils
Landform: Lake terraces Landform: Lake terraces
Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, basin wildrye, Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Nevada bluegrass, inland saltgrass Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Sedge, Nevada bluegrass, other
Hussa and similar soils perennial grasses, other perennial forbs
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Typical profile:
Landform: Lake terraces Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy loam
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other Layer 2—12 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay
perennial grasses, sedge, Nevada bluegrass loam to ashy silty clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Surprise and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Fan remnants Runoff: Low
174 Soil Survey of
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Landscape: Basin
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Elevation: 4,450 to 4,590
slow) Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Available water capacity: About 13 inches Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Present flooding: Occasional Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Present ponding: None
Water table: Present Composition
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained Hussa ashy loam, 2 to 5 percent slopes—90 percent
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Interpretive Groups Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent
Irrigated land capability: 3w
Nonirrigated land capability: 4w Component Description
Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow Hussa and similar soils
Landform: Lake terraces
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Slope: 2 to 5 percent
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
section.
from volcanic rock
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, other
Contrasting Inclusions
perennial grasses, sedge, Nevada bluegrass
Lolak and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Typical profile:
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy loam
Landform: Lake terraces
Layer 2—12 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, black greasewood,
Nevada bluegrass, basin wildrye loam to ashy silty clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Hussa and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Landform: Lake terraces Runoff: Low
Typical vegetation: Black greasewood, Nevada Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
bluegrass, basin wildrye, inland saltgrass Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom slow)
Available water capacity: About 13 inches
Hussa and similar soils Present flooding: Occasional
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Present ponding: None
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Water table: Present
Landform: Lake terraces Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Management Interpretive Groups
For information about managing this map unit, see the Irrigated land capability: 3w
following sections and associated tables in this Nonirrigated land capability: 4w
publication: Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
"Range" section
"Crops and Pasture" section Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
section.
431—Hussa ashy loam, drained, 2 to 5 Contrasting Inclusions
percent slopes Four Star and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Map Unit Setting Slope: 0 to 2 percent
MLRA: 23 Landform: Flood plains
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 175
Hussa and similar soils Component Properties and Qualities
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Runoff: Low
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Landform: Lake terraces Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, black greasewood, Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
Nevada bluegrass, basin wildrye Available water capacity: About 13 inches
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Present flooding: Occasional
Present ponding: None
Management Water table: Present
For information about managing this map unit, see the Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Interpretive Groups
"Range" section Irrigated land capability: 3w
"Crops and Pasture" section Nonirrigated land capability: 4w
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
432—Hussa ashy loam, slightly saline- characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
alkali, 0 to 2 percent slopes section.
Contrasting Inclusions
Map Unit Setting
Four Star and similar soils
MLRA: 23
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Landscape: Basin
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,580 Landform: Flood plains
Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit Hussa and similar soils
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Composition Landform: Lake terraces
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent Typical vegetation: Sedge, Nevada bluegrass, other
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent perennial grasses, other perennial forbs
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5 percent Ecological site: R023XY013NV—Dry meadow
Component Description Management
Hussa and similar soils For information about managing this map unit, see the
Landform: Lake terraces following sections and associated tables in this
Slope: 0 to 2 percent publication:
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived "Range" section
"Crops and Pasture" section
from volcanic rock
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Typical vegetation: Nevada bluegrass, black
greasewood, inland saltgrass, basin wildrye
433—Hussa ashy silty clay loam, seeped, 0
Typical profile: to 9 percent slopes
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; ashy loam
Layer 2—10 to 40 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay Map Unit Setting
loam to ashy silty clay loam MLRA: 23
Layer 3—40 to 60 inches; ashy silty clay loam Landscape: Basin
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,840
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Soil Properties” table for more information. Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
176 Soil Survey of
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Hovey and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Composition Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Hussa ashy silty clay loam, 0 to 9 percent slopes—90 Landform: Lake terraces
percent
Buntingville ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Management
Four Star ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent For information about managing this map unit, see the
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent following sections and associated tables in this
publication:
Component Description "Range" section
Hussa and similar soils "Crops and Pasture" section
Landform: Flood plains "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Slope: 0 to 9 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
from volcanic rock 434—Hussa ashy silty clay loam, seeped,
cold, 0 to 9 percent slopes
Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy silty clay loam Map Unit Setting
Layer 2—12 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay MLRA: 23
loam to ashy silty clay loam Landscape: Basin
Elevation: 5,990 to 6,200
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Soil Properties” table for more information. Air temperature: 45 to 48 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high Composition
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Hussa ashy silty clay loam, seeped, cold, 0 to 9 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately slopes—95 percent
slow) Four Star ashy loam, cold, 0 to 2 percent slopes—5
percent
Available water capacity: About 14 inches
Present flooding: Occasional Component Description
Present ponding: None Hussa and similar soils
Water table: Present Landform: Flood plains
Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Slope: 0 to 9 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
Interpretive Groups from volcanic rock
Irrigated land capability: 6w
Nonirrigated land capability: 6w Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy silty clay loam
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Layer 2—12 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" loam to ashy silty clay loam
section.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Contrasting Inclusions Soil Properties” table for more information.
Buntingville and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Runoff: Very high
Landform: Fan remnants Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Four Star and similar soils slow)
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Available water capacity: About 14 inches
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Present flooding: Occasional
Landform: Flood plains Present ponding: None
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 177
Water table: Present Typical profile:
Natural drainage class: Very poorly drained Layer 1—0 to 12 inches; ashy loam
Layer 2—12 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy clay
Interpretive Groups loam to ashy silty clay loam
Irrigated land capability: 6w
Nonirrigated land capability: 6w See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Component Properties and Qualities
section. Runoff: Low
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Contrasting Inclusions Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Four Star and similar soils slow)
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Available water capacity: About 13 inches
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Present flooding: Occasional
Landform: Stream terraces Present ponding: None
Water table: Present
Management Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this Interpretive Groups
publication: Irrigated land capability: 3w
"Range" section Nonirrigated land capability: 4w
"Crops and Pasture" section Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Description
Couch and similar soils
435—Hussa-Couch ashy loams, 0 to 2 Landform: Summits of basin-floor remnants
percent slopes Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived
Map Unit Setting from volcanic rock
MLRA: 23 Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, Lemmon's
Landscape: Basin alkaligrass, other perennial grasses, basin wildrye,
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,600 Nevada bluegrass
Precipitation: 8 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 45 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit Typical profile:
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; ashy loam
Layer 2—1 to 22 inches; clay
Composition Layer 3—22 to 60 inches; stratified ashy sandy loam to
Hussa ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—65 percent ashy silt loam
Couch ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—25 percent
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Dangvar ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Hussa ashy clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
Component Properties and Qualities
Component Description Runoff: Medium
Hussa and similar soils Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Landform: Flood plains Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
Parent material: Volcanic ash and/or alluvium derived Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
from volcanic rock Available water capacity: About 8 inches
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, Nevada bluegrass, Present flooding: Rare
black greasewood, inland saltgrass Present ponding: None
178 Soil Survey of
Natural drainage class: Well drained Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
slopes—8 percent
Interpretive Groups Dosie very gravelly loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—5
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s percent
Ecological site: R023XY002NV—Saline meadow Softscrabble very stony loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—
2 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Component Description
section. Hutchley and similar soils
Landform: Summits of mountains
Contrasting Inclusions Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Hovey and similar soils Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from
Composition: 0 to 4 percent volcanic rocks
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, Idaho fescue, antelope
Landform: Lake terraces bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial
forbs, mountain big sagebrush, basin wildrye
Dangvar and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Typical profile:
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21
Landform: Summits of lake terraces percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel
Typical vegetation: Inland saltgrass, basin wildrye, Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
Hussa and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Flood plains Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
Management Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
For information about managing this map unit, see the inches
following sections and associated tables in this Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
publication: Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
"Range" section slow)
"Crops and Pasture" section Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
436—Hutchley-Ashtre association
Interpretive Groups
Map Unit Setting Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
MLRA: 23 Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 5,000 to 6,840 Component Description
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Ashtre and similar soils
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Frost-free period: 55 to 100 days Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Parent material: Colluvium derived from pyroclastic rock
Composition and residuum weathered from pyroclastic rock
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush,
slopes—70 percent needlegrass, Idaho fescue, other perennial forbs,
Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes— bluebunch wheatgrass, bluegrass, other shrubs,
15 percent other perennial grasses
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 179
Typical profile: Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy loam Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; ashy loam Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, antelope
Layer 3—11 to 26 inches; ashy clay loam bitterbrush, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Layer 4—26 to 60 inches; bedrock wheatgrass, basin wildrye, needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Component Properties and Qualities following sections and associated tables in this
Runoff: High publication:
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 "Range" section
inches "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
slow) 437—Hutchley-Cavin-Brownsbowl
Available water capacity: About 5 inches
association
Present flooding: None
Map Unit Setting
Present ponding: None MLRA: 23
Natural drainage class: Well drained Landscape: Mountains
Elevation: 4,980 to 7,290
Interpretive Groups Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z. Frost-free period: 55 to 85 days
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Composition
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
section. slopes—40 percent
Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
slopes—30 percent
Contrasting Inclusions
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent
Nutzan and similar soils
slopes—20 percent
Composition: 0 to 8 percent
Badgercamp bouldery loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—4
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
percent
Landform: Summits of mountains
Mosquet very gravelly fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, mountain big
slopes—3 percent
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 8 percent
grasses, Idaho fescue, needlegrass, antelope
slopes—2 percent
bitterbrush
Hashwoods ashy fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
slopes—1 percent
Dosie and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Component Description
Hutchley and similar soils
Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Landform: Summits of mountains
Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big Slope: 4 to 15 percent
sagebrush, basin wildrye, needlegrass Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from
Ecological site: R023XY016NV—South slope 12-16 P.Z. volcanic rocks
Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, mountain big
Softscrabble and similar soils sagebrush, basin wildrye, other perennial forbs,
Composition: 0 to 2 percent bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, needlegrass
180 Soil Survey of
Typical profile: Present flooding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21 Present ponding: None
percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14-
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical 18 P.Z.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Component Description
Component Properties and Qualities Brownsbowl and similar soils
Runoff: High Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20 backslopes of mountains
inches Slope: 15 to 30 percent, northeast to northwest aspects
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately from andesite
slow) Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, melic,
Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches mountain brome, needlegrass, Idaho fescue, other
Present flooding: None shrubs, mountain big sagebrush
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Interpretive Groups Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam
Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine
Component Description
sandy loam
Cavin and similar soils
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of
mountains See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects Soil Properties” table for more information.
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
from volcanic rock Component Properties and Qualities
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other Runoff: Medium
perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass, Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Idaho fescue, Cusick's bluegrass (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Available water capacity: About 6 inches
Typical profile: Present flooding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones Present ponding: None
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z.
fine sandy loam
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Soil Properties” table for more information. section.
Component Properties and Qualities Contrasting Inclusions
Runoff: Low Badgercamp and similar soils
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Composition: 0 to 4 percent
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Slope: 8 to 15 percent
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Landform: Shoulders of mountains
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 181
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, bluebunch Elevation: 6,180 to 7,530
wheatgrass, Cusick's bluegrass, needlegrass, curlleaf Precipitation: 12 to 18 inches
mountainmahogany, Idaho fescue Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna Frost-free period: 55 to 85 days
Composition
Mosquet and similar soils
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent
slopes—50 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 30 percent
Landform: North facing mountains slopes—25 percent
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, other perennial Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 8 to
forbs, other perennial grasses, bluegrass, Idaho 30 percent slopes—15 percent
fescue Ashtre very gravelly ashy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—
Ecological site: R023XY014NV—Shallow loam 14+ P.Z. 5 percent
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 30 percent
Snag and similar soils slopes—2 percent
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Zorromount very gravelly ashy sandy loam, snowpocket,
Slope: 2 to 8 percent 4 to 30 percent slopes—2 percent
Rock outcrop—1 percent
Landform: Ground moraines
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, mountain big
Component Description
sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial Hutchley and similar soils
grasses, basin wildrye, Idaho fescue, mountain Landform: Summits of mountains
brome, needlegrass, bluegrass, snowberry Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z. Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from
volcanic rocks
Hashwoods and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, antelope bitterbrush,
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
Slope: 4 to 15 percent, northwest to northeast aspects other perennial forbs, basin wildrye, Idaho fescue,
Landform: Northwest to northeast aspects on footslopes bluebunch wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
of mountains
Typical vegetation: Forest canopy—quaking aspen Typical profile:
Forest understory—mountain brome, quaking aspen, Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21
snowberry, other shrubs, other perennial forbs, other percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel
perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass, slender Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
wheatgrass Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Ecological site: F023XY028NV Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
Management See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
For information about managing this map unit, see the Soil Properties” table for more information.
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Component Properties and Qualities
"Range" section Runoff: High
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
438—Hutchley-Cavin-Zorromount Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
association slow)
Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches
Map Unit Setting Present flooding: None
MLRA: 23 Present ponding: None
Landscape: Mountains Natural drainage class: Well drained
182 Soil Survey of
Interpretive Groups Typical profile:
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Surface rock fragments: About 8 percent stones
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge Layer 1—0 to 1 inches; gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy
loam
Component Description Layer 2—1 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
Cavin and similar soils Layer 3—11 to 31 inches; extremely gravelly ashy fine
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of sandy loam
mountains Layer 4—31 to 60 inches; extremely gravelly ashy fine
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, east to west aspects sandy loam
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
from volcanic rock See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Typical vegetation: Cusick's bluegrass, Idaho fescue, Soil Properties” table for more information.
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass,
mountain big sagebrush, needlegrass Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Low
Typical profile: Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
Surface rock fragments: About 4 percent stones (Permeability class: Moderately rapid)
Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Available water capacity: About 3 inches
Layer 2—2 to 11 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present flooding: None
Layer 3—11 to 18 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 4—18 to 24 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 5—24 to 60 inches; extremely cobbly ashy very
fine sandy loam Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
Component Properties and Qualities characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Runoff: Low section.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Contrasting Inclusions
Available water capacity: About 3 inches Ashtre and similar soils
Present flooding: None Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Present ponding: None Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Natural drainage class: Well drained Landform: Backslopes of ash flows
Typical vegetation: Mountain big sagebrush, other
Interpretive Groups shrubs, needlegrass, Idaho fescue, bluegrass, other
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s perennial grasses, bluebunch wheatgrass, other
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- perennial forbs
18 P.Z. Ecological site: R023XY094NV—Ashy slope 12-14 P.Z.
Component Description Nutzan and similar soils
Zorromount and similar soils Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of Slope: 4 to 30 percent
mountains Landform: Summits of mountains
Slope: 8 to 30 percent, west to east aspects Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, other shrubs,
mountain big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived
perennial grasses, Idaho fescue, needlegrass
from volcanic rocks
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z.
Typical vegetation: Cusick's bluegrass, needlegrass,
mountain big sagebrush, curlleaf Zorromount snowpocket and similar soils
mountainmahogany, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho Composition: 0 to 2 percent
fescue Slope: 4 to 30 percent, west to east aspects
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 183
Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain big
mountains sagebrush, Idaho fescue, basin wildrye, other
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, other perennial perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, antelope
grasses, snowbrush ceanothus, other perennial forbs bitterbrush
Ecological site: R025XY052NV—Ceanothus thicket
Typical profile:
Rock outcrop Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21
Composition: 0 to 1 percent percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel
Landform: Ridges Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Management Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
publication: Soil Properties” table for more information.
"Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
439—Hutchley-Mosquet-Brownsbowl inches
association Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
Map Unit Setting slow)
MLRA: 23 Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches
Landscape: Plateau Present flooding: None
Elevation: 5,200 to 7,670 Present ponding: None
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches Natural drainage class: Well drained
Air temperature: 42 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Composition Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
slopes—35 percent Component Description
Mosquet very gravelly fine sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Mosquet and similar soils
slopes—30 percent Landform: North facing backslopes of plateaus
Brownsbowl gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 50 percent Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect
slopes—25 percent Parent material: Residuum and coluvium from andesite
Snag very stony ashy sandy loam, 2 to 15 percent or basalt and volcanic ash from eolian deposits
slopes—5 percent Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, other perennial
Tusune gravelly ashy loam, 15 to 30 percent slopes—2 forbs, bluegrass, Idaho fescue, other perennial
percent grasses
Zorromount gravelly ashy mucky fine sandy loam, 4 to 8
percent slopes—2 percent Typical profile:
Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 15 to 30 percent Surface rock fragments: About 50 percent gravel
slopes—1 percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; very gravelly fine sandy loam
Layer 2—2 to 5 inches; gravelly sandy clay loam
Component Description Layer 3—5 to 9 inches; gravelly clay loam
Hutchley and similar soils Layer 4—9 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay
Landform: North facing summits of plateaus Layer 5—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
Slope: 4 to 15 percent, north aspect
Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
volcanic rocks Soil Properties” table for more information.
184 Soil Survey of
Component Properties and Qualities Contrasting Inclusions
Runoff: Very high Snag and similar soils
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 14 to 20 Composition: 0 to 5 percent
inches Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Landform: Ground moraines
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Typical vegetation: Needlegrass, mountain brome, basin
Available water capacity: About 2 inches wildrye, bluegrass, other perennial grasses, other
Present flooding: None perennial forbs, mountain big sagebrush, other
Present ponding: None shrubs, snowberry, Idaho fescue
Natural drainage class: Well drained Ecological site: R023XY019NV—Loamy 16+ P.Z.
Interpretive Groups Tusune and similar soils
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Ecological site: R023XY014NV—Shallow loam 14+ P.Z. Slope: 15 to 30 percent
Landform: Footslopes of plateaus
Component Description Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, mountain big
Brownsbowl and similar soils sagebrush, other perennial forbs, bluebunch
Landform: Northeast to northwest aspects on wheatgrass, Cusick's bluegrass, Idaho fescue
backslopes of plateaus Ecological site: R023XY054NV—Steep north slope
Slope: 15 to 50 percent, northeast to northwest aspects
Parent material: Volcanic ash and colluvium derived Zorromount and similar soils
from andesite Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Typical vegetation: Mountain brome, Idaho fescue, other Slope: 4 to 8 percent, west to east aspects
shrubs, other perennial forbs, mountain big Landform: West to east aspects on backslopes of
sagebrush, needlegrass, melic plateaus
Typical vegetation: Curlleaf mountainmahogany,
Typical profile: bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, needlegrass,
Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Cusick's bluegrass, mountain big sagebrush
Layer 2—10 to 28 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna
Layer 3—28 to 34 inches; cobbly ashy sandy loam
Layer 4—34 to 41 inches; very cobbly ashy sandy loam Cavin and similar soils
Layer 5—41 to 61 inches; extremely cobbly ashy fine Composition: 0 to 1 percent
sandy loam Slope: 15 to 30 percent, east to west aspects
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of plateaus
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Typical vegetation: Bluebunch wheatgrass, other
Soil Properties” table for more information. perennial forbs, Cusick's bluegrass, Idaho fescue,
needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush
Component Properties and Qualities Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14-
Runoff: Medium 18 P.Z.
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High,
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Management
Available water capacity: About 6 inches For information about managing this map unit, see the
Present flooding: None following sections and associated tables in this
Present ponding: None publication:
Natural drainage class: Well drained "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7c
Ecological site: R023XY065NV—Loamy slope 16+ P.Z. 440—Hutchley-Ninemile-Nutzan association
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Map Unit Setting
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" MLRA: 23
section. Landscape: Mountains
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 185
Elevation: 5,820 to 7,920 Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge
Precipitation: 12 to 16 inches
Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Component Description
Frost-free period: 55 to 85 days Ninemile and similar soils
Landform: Mountains
Composition Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock
slopes—50 percent and/or residuum weathered from volcanic rock
Ninemile very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—25 Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, low sagebrush, other
percent perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass, other
Nutzan very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent perennial grasses, Idaho fescue, Thurber's
slopes—15 percent needlegrass, bluegrass
Badgercamp bouldery loam, 8 to 15 percent slopes—5
percent Typical profile:
Cavin very gravelly ashy sandy loam, 8 to 15 percent Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones
slopes—4 percent Layer 1—0 to 7 inches; very cobbly loam
Rock outcrop—1 percent Layer 2—7 to 19 inches; gravelly clay
Layer 3—19 to 29 inches; bedrock
Component Description
Hutchley and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Landform: Summits of mountains Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from Component Properties and Qualities
volcanic rocks Runoff: High
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, antelope bitterbrush, Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush, Idaho fescue,
inches
bluebunch wheatgrass, other perennial forbs
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Typical profile: (Permeability class: Very slow)
Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21 Available water capacity: About 2 inches
percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel Present flooding: None
Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam Present ponding: None
Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam Natural drainage class: Well drained
Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
Interpretive Groups
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Component Description
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20 Nutzan and similar soils
inches Landform: Summits of mountains
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from
slow) pyroclastic and extrusive volcanic rocks
Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, mountain big
Present flooding: None sagebrush, other perennial forbs, other perennial
Present ponding: None grasses, Idaho fescue, needlegrass, other shrubs
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical profile:
Interpretive Groups Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Layer 1—0 to 10 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam
186 Soil Survey of
Layer 2—10 to 17 inches; gravelly ashy sandy loam Management
Layer 3—17 to 28 inches; very gravelly ashy sandy loam For information about managing this map unit, see the
Layer 4—28 to 36 inches; extremely gravelly ashy following sections and associated tables in this
coarse sandy loam publication:
Layer 5—36 to 46 inches; bedrock "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information.
441—Hutchley-Softscrabble association
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: High Map Unit Setting
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40 MLRA: 23
inches Landscape: Mountains
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): High, Elevation: 6,040 to 6,910
(Permeability class: Moderately rapid) Precipitation: 12 to 20 inches
Available water capacity: About 5 inches Air temperature: 39 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit
Present flooding: None Frost-free period: 50 to 85 days
Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained Composition
Hutchley very cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent
Interpretive Groups slopes—60 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 6e Softscrabble very cobbly loam, 15 to 30 percent
Ecological site: R023XY066NV—Ashy loam 14-16 P.Z. slopes—30 percent
Wylo very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—5 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Softscrabble very stony loam, 30 to 50 percent slopes—
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" 3 percent
section. Rock outcrop—2 percent
Contrasting Inclusions Component Description
Badgercamp and similar soils Hutchley and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Landform: Summits of mountains
Slope: 8 to 15 percent Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Landform: Shoulders of mountains Parent material: Colluvium and residuum derived from
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, volcanic rocks
needlegrass, Cusick's bluegrass, mountain big Typical vegetation: Antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch
sagebrush, curlleaf mountainmahogany wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, basin wildrye,
Ecological site: R023XY026NV—Mahogany Savanna Idaho fescue, mountain big sagebrush, needlegrass
Cavin and similar soils Typical profile:
Composition: 0 to 4 percent Surface rock fragments: About 21 percent cobbles, 21
Slope: 8 to 15 percent, east to west aspects percent gravel, 2 percent fine gravel
Landform: East to west aspects on shoulders of Layer 1—0 to 6 inches; very cobbly sandy loam
mountains Layer 2—6 to 14 inches; very gravelly clay loam
Typical vegetation: Cusick's bluegrass, needlegrass, Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
other perennial forbs, bluebunch wheatgrass,
mountain big sagebrush, Idaho fescue See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY061NV—Mountain shoulders 14- Soil Properties” table for more information.
18 P.Z.
Component Properties and Qualities
Rock outcrop Runoff: High
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 10 to 20
Landform: Mountains inches
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 187
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Contrasting Inclusions
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately Wylo and similar soils
slow) Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Available water capacity: About 1.2 inches Slope: 4 to 15 percent, southeast to southwest aspects
Present flooding: None Landform: Southeast to southwest aspects on shoulders
Present ponding: None
of mountains
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
Interpretive Groups wheatgrass, bluegrass, Lahontan sagebrush, other
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s perennial forbs
Ecological site: R023XY008NV—Mountain ridge Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Component Description Softscrabble and similar soils
Softscrabble and similar soils Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Landform: Backslopes of mountains Slope: 30 to 50 percent
Slope: 15 to 30 percent Landform: Backslopes of mountains
Parent material: Residuum and colluvium derived from Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, antelope
volcanic rocks bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, needlegrass,
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, antelope basin wildrye, mountain big sagebrush
bitterbrush, basin wildrye, needlegrass, bluebunch Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z.
wheatgrass, mountain big sagebrush
Rock outcrop
Typical profile:
Composition: 0 to 2 percent
Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones
Landform: Ridges
Layer 1—0 to 20 inches; very cobbly loam
Layer 2—20 to 32 inches; very cobbly clay loam
Layer 3—32 to 61 inches; gravelly clay loam Management
Layer 4—61 to 71 inches; bedrock For information about managing this map unit, see the
following sections and associated tables in this
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical publication:
Soil Properties” table for more information. "Range" section
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 60 to 71 442—Indian Creek-Buffaran association
inches
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Map Unit Setting
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) MLRA: 23
Available water capacity: About 8 inches Landscape: Fan piedmont
Present flooding: None Elevation: 5,040 to 5,760
Present ponding: None Precipitation: 9 to 12 inches
Natural drainage class: Well drained Air temperature: 46 to 49 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days
Interpretive Groups
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Composition
Ecological site: R023XY041NV—Loamy 12-14 P.Z. Indian Creek very cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—
50 percent
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Buffaran cobbly loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—35
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" percent
section. Corral stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—5 percent
188 Soil Survey of
Devada very stony loam, 2 to 15 percent slopes—5 Typical profile:
percent Surface rock fragments: About 6 percent stones, 10
Schamp very stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—3 percent cobbles, 10 percent gravel
percent Layer 1—0 to 2 inches; cobbly loam
Vertic Paleargids silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—2 Layer 2—2 to 16 inches; gravelly clay loam
Layer 3—16 to 27 inches; cemented material
percent
Layer 4—27 to 60 inches; cemented material
Component Description See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Indian Creek and similar soils Soil Properties” table for more information.
Landform: Fan remnants
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Component Properties and Qualities
Parent material: Alluvium derived from volcanic rock Runoff: High
Typical vegetation: Low sagebrush, other perennial Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches
forbs, Webber needlegrass, Thurber's needlegrass, Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
bluegrass Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Typical profile: Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Surface rock fragments: About 2 percent stones, 25
Natural drainage class: Well drained
percent cobbles, 12 percent gravel
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; very cobbly loam Interpretive Groups
Layer 2—5 to 18 inches; gravelly clay Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Layer 3—18 to 25 inches; cemented material Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Layer 4—25 to 60 inches; stratified extremely gravelly
loamy coarse sand to gravelly sandy clay loam Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical section.
Soil Properties” table for more information.
Contrasting Inclusions
Component Properties and Qualities Corral and similar soils
Runoff: High Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 14 to 20 inches Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, Landform: Hills
(Permeability class: Very slow) Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, other perennial forbs,
Available water capacity: About 2 inches other perennial grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
Present flooding: None needlegrass, Wyoming big sagebrush
Present ponding: None Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Devada and similar soils
Interpretive Groups Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s Slope: 2 to 15 percent
Ecological site: R023XY059NV—Gravelly claypan 10-12 Landform: Summits of hills
P.Z. Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch
wheatgrass, low sagebrush, bluegrass, other
Component Description
perennial forbs
Buffaran and similar soils
Ecological site: R023XY031NV—Claypan 10-14 P.Z.
Landform: Fan remnants
Slope: 4 to 15 percent
Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rocks Schamp and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Indian Composition: 0 to 3 percent
ricegrass, other perennial grasses, other perennial Slope: 2 to 8 percent
forbs, other shrubs, Wyoming big sagebrush Landform: Backslopes of hills
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 189
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, other shrubs, Typical vegetation: Lahontan sagebrush, Thurber's
other perennial forbs, other perennial grasses, needlegrass, Indian ricegrass, spiny hopsage,
Wyoming big sagebrush, Indian ricegrass Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial grasses, other
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z. perennial forbs, bottlebrush squirreltail, ephedra,
other shrubs
Vertic Paleargids and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 2 percent Typical profile:
Classification: Very-fine, smectitic, frigid Vertic Surface rock fragments: About 1 percent stones, 31
Paleargids percent cobbles, 18 percent gravel
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; very cobbly loam
Landform: Lake plains Layer 2—4 to 14 inches; gravelly clay
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Nevada Layer 3—14 to 24 inches; bedrock
bluegrass, early sagebrush, Cusick's bluegrass,
basin wildrye, needlegrass See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Ecological site: R023XY090NV—Clay plain Soil Properties” table for more information.
Management Component Properties and Qualities
For information about managing this map unit, see the Runoff: High
following sections and associated tables in this Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (lithic): 7 to 14
publication: inches
"Range" section Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
Available water capacity: About 2 inches
Present flooding: None
443—Jaybee-Verdico association Present ponding: None
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Interpretive Groups
Landscape: Plateau
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Elevation: 5,120 to 5,600
Ecological site: R023XY047NV—Gravelly clay 8-10 P.Z.
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches
Air temperature: 48 to 50 degrees Fahrenheit
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Component Description
Verdico and similar soils
Composition Landform: Plateaus
Jaybee very cobbly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—50 Slope: 4 to 15 percent
percent Parent material: Colluvium and/or residuum weathered
Verdico cobbly sandy loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—35 from tuff
percent Typical vegetation: Indian ricegrass, Thurber's
Emagert ashy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—7 percent needlegrass, bottlebrush squirreltail, spiny hopsage,
Reywat very stony loam, 4 to 15 percent slopes—5 Sandberg bluegrass, other perennial forbs, Lahontan
percent sagebrush, ephedra, other shrubs, other perennial
Toney very cobbly loam, 8 to 30 percent slopes—2 grasses
percent
Schamp stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—1 percent
Typical profile:
Component Description Surface rock fragments: About 5 percent stones, 10
Jaybee and similar soils percent cobbles, 10 percent gravel
Landform: Plateaus Layer 1—0 to 3 inches; cobbly sandy loam
Slope: 2 to 8 percent Layer 2—3 to 17 inches; clay
Parent material: Colluvium derived from volcanic rock Layer 3—17 to 22 inches; gravelly clay
and/or residuum weathered from volcanic rock Layer 4—22 to 32 inches; bedrock
190 Soil Survey of
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Soil Properties” table for more information. Landform: Plateaus
Typical vegetation: Wyoming big sagebrush, other
Component Properties and Qualities shrubs, other perennial forbs, other perennial
Runoff: High grasses, Indian ricegrass, Thurber's needlegrass
Ecological site: R023XY006NV—Loamy 8-10 P.Z.
Depth to restrictive feature: Bedrock (paralithic): 20 to 40
inches Management
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low, For information about managing this map unit, see the
(Permeability class: Very slow) following sections and associated tables in this
Available water capacity: About 3 inches publication:
Present flooding: None "Range" section
Present ponding: None "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups 444—Keddie loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes
Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY047NV—Gravelly clay 8-10 P.Z. Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 21
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Landscape: Alluvial plain
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Elevation: 5,200 to 6,230
section. Precipitation: 12 to 30 inches
Air temperature: 44 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit
Contrasting Inclusions Frost-free period: 60 to 80 days
Emagert and similar soils
Composition: 0 to 7 percent Composition
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Keddie loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—95 percent
Landform: Stream terraces Dotta gravelly loam, 0 to 5 percent slopes—3 percent
Typical vegetation: Basin big sagebrush, other perennial Emamount ashy loam, 0 to 4 percent slopes—1 percent
forbs, other perennial grasses, Nevada bluegrass, Grimlake cobbly clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—1 percent
basin wildrye
Ecological site: R023XY009NV—Loamy bottom 8-12 Component Description
P.Z. Keddie and similar soils
Landform: Flood plains
Reywat and similar soils Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Composition: 0 to 5 percent Parent material: Alluvium derived from mixed rocks
Slope: 4 to 15 percent Typical vegetation: Tufted hairgrass, meadow barley,
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus Baltic rush, Nebraska sedge, sedge, silver
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, bluebunch sagebrush, willow, other perennial forbs
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, big sagebrush
Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z. Typical profile:
Layer 1—0 to 34 inches; loam
Toney and similar soils Layer 2—34 to 50 inches; stratified sandy loam to clay
Composition: 0 to 2 percent loam
Slope: 8 to 30 percent Layer 3—50 to 60 inches; stratified very gravelly loamy
Landform: Backslopes of plateaus coarse sand to very gravelly sandy clay loam
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, Idaho fescue,
bluegrass, other perennial grasses, bluebunch See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
wheatgrass, other perennial forbs, low sagebrush, Soil Properties” table for more information.
other shrubs
Ecological site: R023XY017NV—Claypan 14-16 P.Z. Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Very high
Schamp and similar soils Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderate)
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 191
Available water capacity: About 9 inches "Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Present flooding: Rare
Present ponding: None
Water table: Present 445—Leviathan very gravelly loam, 2 to 8
Natural drainage class: Poorly drained percent slopes
Interpretive Groups Map Unit Setting
Irrigated land capability: 4 MLRA: 23
Nonirrigated land capability: 6w Landscape: Fan piedmont
Ecological site: R021XE208CA—Semi-wet meadow Elevation: 5,480 to 5,940
Precipitation: 10 to 14 inches
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in Air temperature: 46 to 54 degrees Fahrenheit
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Frost-free period: 90 to 110 days
section.
Composition
Contrasting Inclusions Leviathan very gravelly loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—90
Dotta and similar soils percent
Composition: 0 to 3 percent Pickup very stony loam, 2 to 8 percent slopes—5
Classification: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid percent
Pachic Argixerolls Xeric Torriorthents cobbly sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent
Slope: 0 to 5 percent slopes—5 percent
Landform: Stream terraces
Component Description
Typical vegetation: Idaho fescue, antelope bitterbrush,
Leviathan and similar soils
bluegrass, needlegrass, mountain big sagebrush
Landform: Fan remnants
Ecological site: R021XE044CA—Cool loam 12-16"
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Parent material: Mixed alluvium
Emamount and similar soils
Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, Thurber's
Composition: 0 to 1 percent
needlegrass, big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass
Slope: 0 to 4 percent
Landform: Stream terraces Typical profile:
Typical vegetation: Wheatgrass, basin wildrye, other Surface rock fragments: About 1 percent stones, 5
perennial grasses, other perennial forbs, mountain percent cobbles, 38 percent gravel, 10 percent fine
big sagebrush gravel
Ecological site: R023XY056NV—Loamy bottom 12-16 Layer 1—0 to 8 inches; very gravelly loam
P.Z. Layer 2—8 to 60 inches; very gravelly sandy clay loam
Grimlake and similar soils See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Composition: 0 to 1 percent Soil Properties” table for more information.
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Landform: Lake plains Component Properties and Qualities
Runoff: Medium
Typical vegetation: Silver sagebrush, Nebraska sedge,
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
willow, sedge, tufted hairgrass, meadow barley, Baltic
Moderately high, (Permeability class: Moderately
rush, other perennial forbs slow)
Ecological site: R021XE208CA—Semi-wet meadow Available water capacity: About 5 inches
Present flooding: None
Management Present ponding: None
For information about managing this map unit, see the Natural drainage class: Well drained
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Interpretive Groups
"Range" section Irrigated land capability: 4s
"Crops and Pasture" section Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
192 Soil Survey of
Ecological site: R023XY020NV—Loamy 10-12 P.Z. Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Parent material: Lacustrine deposits derived from
Typical soil descriptions including ranges in volcanic rock
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils" Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, inland saltgrass,
section. Nevada bluegrass, black greasewood
Contrasting Inclusions Typical profile:
Pickup and similar soils
Layer 1—0 to 4 inches; silty clay
Composition: 0 to 5 percent
Layer 2—4 to 60 inches; stratified silt loam to clay
Slope: 2 to 8 percent
Landform: Hills
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Typical vegetation: Thurber's needlegrass, other
Soil Properties” table for more information.
perennial forbs, Lahontan sagebrush, bluegrass,
bluebunch wheatgrass
Component Properties and Qualities
Ecological site: R023XY037NV—Clay slope 8-12 P.Z.
Runoff: Very high
Xeric Torriorthents and similar soils Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Low,
Composition: 0 to 5 percent (Permeability class: Very slow)
Classification: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, Salinity: Saline within 40 inches
nonacid, mesic Xeric Torriorthents Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
Slope: 2 to 4 percent Available water capacity: About 9 inches
Landform: Channels Present flooding: Rare
Typical vegetation: Basin wildrye, spiny hopsage, basin Present ponding: None
big sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, other perennial Water table: Present
grasses, other shrubs Natural drainage class: Poorly drained
Ecological site: R027XY029NV—Gravelly fan 8-10 P.Z.
Interpretive Groups
Management Nonirrigated land capability: 7w
For information about managing this map unit, see the Ecological site: R023XY010NV—Saline bottom
following sections and associated tables in this
publication: Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
"Range" section characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
"Crops and Pasture" section section.
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections
Contrasting Inclusions
Hovey and similar soils
446—Lolak silty clay Composition: 0 to 4 percent
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Map Unit Setting Landform: Lake terraces
MLRA: 23
Landscape: Basin Bicondoa and similar soils
Elevation: 4,450 to 4,560 Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Precipitation: 8 to 12 inches Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Air temperature: 41 to 45 degrees Fahrenheit Landform: Flood plains
Frost-free period: 70 to 100 days
Cuminvar and similar soils
Composition Composition: 0 to 3 percent
Lolak silty clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—90 percent Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Hovey silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—4 percent Landform: Lake terraces
Bicondoa clay, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent
Cuminvar muck, 0 to 2 percent slopes—3 percent Management
For information about managing this map unit, see the
Component Description following sections and associated tables in this
Lolak and similar soils publication:
Landform: Lake terraces "Range" section
Surprise Valley-Home Camp Area, California and Nevada 193
"Crops and Pasture" section Present ponding: None
"Engineering" and "Soil Properties" sections Natural drainage class: Well drained
Interpretive Groups
447—Longdis-Dugway association Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R024XY022NV—Sodic terrace 8-10 P.Z.
Map Unit Setting
MLRA: 23 Component Description
Landscape: Bolson Dugway and similar soils
Elevation: 5,560 to 5,720 Landform: Lake terraces
Precipitation: 8 to 10 inches Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Air temperature: 45 to 46 degrees Fahrenheit Parent material: Volcanic ash and lacustrine deposits
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days Typical vegetation: Other perennial forbs, basin wildrye,
western wheatgrass, Nevada bluegrass, basin big
Composition sagebrush
Longdis silty clay loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—60
percent Typical profile:
Dugway fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—30 Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; fine sandy loam
percent Layer 2—5 to 18 inches; clay
Updike silt loam, 0 to 2 percent slopes—6 percent Layer 3—18 to 35 inches; silt loam
Langston gravelly sandy loam, 2 to 4 percent slopes—3 Layer 4—35 to 52 inches; cemented material
percent Layer 5—52 to 61 inches; stratified silt loam to silty clay
Paypoint gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, 0 to 2 percent loam
slopes—1 percent
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Component Description Soil Properties” table for more information.
Longdis and similar soils
Landform: Lake terraces Component Properties and Qualities
Slope: 0 to 2 percent Runoff: Medium
Parent material: Volcanic ash, alluvium and/or lacustrine Depth to restrictive feature: Duripan: 20 to 40 inches
deposits Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone):
Typical vegetation: Other shrubs, black greasewood, Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow)
spiny hopsage, big sagebrush, other perennial forbs, Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches
other perennial grasses, basin wildrye, bottlebrush Available water capacity: About 6 inches
squirreltail Present flooding: None
Present ponding: None
Typical profile: Water table: Present
Layer 1—0 to 5 inches; silty clay loam Natural drainage class: Moderately well drained
Layer 2—5 to 26 inches; clay
Layer 3—26 to 45 inches; clay Interpretive Groups
Layer 4—45 to 61 inches; stratified silty clay loam to clay Nonirrigated land capability: 7s
Ecological site: R023XY005NV—Dry floodplain
See “Chemical Soil Properties” table and the “Physical
Soil Properties” table for more information. Typical soil descriptions including ranges in
characteristics are in the "Classification of the Soils"
Component Properties and Qualities section.
Runoff: Medium
Saturated hydraulic conductivity class (root zone): Contrasting Inclusions
Moderately low, (Permeability class: Slow) Updike and similar soils
Sodicity: Sodic within 40 inches Composition: 0 to 6 percent
Available water capacity: About 10 inches Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Present flooding: None Landform: Lake terraces
194