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The Nuclear
Renaissance:
A Resurgence of
Nuclear Energy
Jim Reinsch
President, Bechtel Nuclear Power
Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy Institute
President-Elect, American Nuclear Society
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Acknowlegements
Steve L. Stamm, P.E.
Nuclear Business Manager
Stone & Webster Power Division
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Outline
ANS representation:
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Shaw Stone & Webster
Framatome ANP
Seabrook Station
University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Resurgence of Nuclear Energy
Role of American Nuclear Society
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Ranked 5th by U.S. News and
World Report
10,000 students
900 faculty
32 majors
5 schools
Milestones:
Penicillin
Vitamin A
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Shaw Stone & Webster
Shaw Group formed in 1987
One of Fortune's Top 500 companies
Stone & Webster founded
in 1889
18,000 employees
Provides multi-services
Engineering
Design
Construction
Maintenance
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Seabrook Station
Majority owner— Florida
Power and Light (FPL)
C.O.— August 1990
1,161 MW
Largest reactor in New England
Provides about 7 % of region’s electricity
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University of Massachusetts, Lowell
Founded in 1894
Member of the University of
Massachusetts system, 1991
12,000 students
$300 million in annual research
One of the 50 best universities in
the world by Times of London
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Framatome ANP
Jointly-owned subsidiary
with AREVA and Siemens
World leader in:
Engineering design and construction
of nuclear power plants and
research reactors
Modernization, maintenance and
repair services
Component manufacturing
Supply of nuclear fuel
Manufacturing facilities in over 40 countries
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Resurgence of
Nuclear Energy
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Worldwide Perspective
NASA
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World View
Global electricity
demand to increase
50% by 2025
1.6%/yr for industrial
world
3.6%/yr for Demand
developing world
Trillion kWh
1850 1950 1990 2000 2050 2100
Year
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Environment
Global Average Temperature
58 °F
Cause of
57 °F
Disruption
Emissions from
Nuclear 56 °F CO2 from fossil
1880 1894 1908 1922 1936 1950 1964 1978 1992 1999
Limits 5-year surface annual mean fuel
Source: NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies
greenhouse Fossil fuel
gas emissions Global Emissions and
80% of world’s
Atmospheric
Concentration of CO2 energy
80% of new
7000 400 capacity brought
Atmospheric
Atmospheric Concentration (ppm)
concentrations on line in 2003
Emissions (MMTC)
5000 measured
350
Atmospheric directly
concentrations
3000 derived
from ice cores 300
1000
Emissions
250
EPRI
1790 1815 1840 1865 1890 1915 1940 1975 1990
Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center
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Environment
2 x CO2 4 x CO2
of Existing of Existing
Levels Levels
2030 2100 EPRI
Temperature Rise
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25
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Nuclear Drivers
Why Nuclear:
Safe
Proven performance
Affordable
Energy security/energy
independence
Emission free
Abundant fuel and stable prices
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World View
World nuclear generation sets record in 2004
383,629 MW
2,696 MMWh
3.7% increase
Led by:
Record setting performance
• U.S.
• Sweden
Restart of units in:
• Japan
• Canada
Commissioning of new units
• South Korea
• Ukraine
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World View
440 nuclear power plants
16% of world’s electricity
Displaces 2 billion metric tons of CO2
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The Renaissance Begins
5
Other 8
3 Korea
Russia
30
Projects 3
Underway China 8
in
3 Europe
Japan
2004
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Nuclear
Overview:
Pacific Basin
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Pacific Basin
Asia fastest growing market
East and South Asia
100 plants in operation
20 under construction
40 to 60 planned
Represents 36% of the world’s new capacity
growth
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Pacific Basin
Greatest
growth
China Pacific
Ocean
Japan
South
Korea
India
Indian Ocean
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China Perspective
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Quick Facts
World’s largest population
China = 1.3 billion
U.S. = 0.3 billion
Second largest energy
consumer
U.S. = 25% of world total
China = 10% of world total
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Quick Facts
2003
10% increase in
generation capacity
17% increase in demand
15,000 MW shortage
2004
9% increase in
generation capacity
16% increase in demand
30,000 MW shortage
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Energy Portfolio
2%
Nuclear
Total Electrical
Generation
Hydro Fuel Percent
Coal 80
Coal Hydro 18
Nuclear 2
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China’s Plan
Harbin
WaFangDian 6x1000MW PWR
Beijing HaiYang 6x1000MW PWR
TianWan 6x1000MW VVER
Qinshan I 1x300MW PWR
Qinshan II 2x600MW PWR
Chengdu Shanghai
Qinshan III 2x665MW HWR
Qinshan IV 2x1000MW PWR
Sanmen 6x1000MW PWR
Fuzhou HuiAn 6x1000MW PWR
Shenzhen
Operation
Daya Bay 2x944MW PWR
LingAo 2x950MW PWR
Under Construction Hong Kong LingDong 2x1000MW PWR
Planning YangJiang 6x1000MW PWR
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Near-Term Plan
PWR technology selected
National Nuclear Steering Committee formed
National Development and Reforming
Commission (NDRC) has significant role
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Path Forward
Nuclear power to be
expanded
6,600 MW to
40,000 MW by 2020
Near-term construction
4 replication units
4 Generation III+ units
• 2 at Sanmen
• 2 at Yangjiang
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Current Invitation to Bid (ITB)
Heilongjiang
Sea of
RUSSIA Japan
Jilin JAPAN
Liaoning
NORTH
KOREA
MONGOLIA Beijing
SOUTH
KOREA
Yellow
Shandong Sea
Inner
Mongolia
Jiangsu
Xinjiang
Henan
Shanghai Sanmen
Anhui
Nuclear Plant
China
Zhejiang
Qinghai Hubei
Jiangxi
Fujian
Sichuan Hunan Taiwan
Tibet
Guizhou
Guangdong Yangjiang
Nuclear Plant
Guangxi Hong Kong
Yunnan
NEPAL BHUTAN
VIETNAM South China
BURMA Hainan Sea
INDIA LAOS
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Status of ITB
ITB issued
September 28, 2004
PWR technology
Westinghouse
AREVA
Atomstroyexport
Construction award
December 2005
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Westinghouse – AP 1000
Passive safety systems permit
simplification and improve safety
Modularization reduces construction
to 36 months
NRC design certification provides
regulatory certainty:
AP 600 — December 1999 Westinghouse
AP 1000 — August 2005
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AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR
Four loop RCS design
Four train safety systems
In-containment borated
water storage
RCS depressurization system
Separate buildings for safety trains
Advanced “cockpit” control room
48 months from first concrete to CO
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Atomstroyexport (Russian)
VVER-1000
“Evolutionary” design
incorporating safety
improvements
Standardization based on
components that performed well
on earlier plants
(VVER-440)
Four loop RCS design
Horizontal steam generators
Redesigned fuel assemblies
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World Reactor Technologies
Gen III+ Gen IV
Today’s Designs Future Designs
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Future Designs
Generation IV advanced nuclear reactors (ARS)
Six candidates:
December 2002
• Very High Temperature
Reactor (VHTR)
• Gas-cooled Fast Reactor (GFR)
• Lead-cooled Fast Reactor (LFR)
• Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor (SFR)
• Molten Salt Reactor (MSR)
• Supercritical Water-cooled http://nuclear.gov/nerac/
FinalRoadmapforNERACReview.pdf
Reactor (SCWR)
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Future Designs — Generation IV - ARS
Technology
Top priority Next Generation
Nuclear Plant
• High temperature
• Passive safety
• Improved economics
• Demonstrates hydrogen production
• High efficiency direct-cycle electricity production
• Nonproliferation
Technology suppliers
• PBMR (Pty) Ltd. Pebble Bed (PBMR)
• AREVA/Framatome ANP ANTARES
• General Atomics GT-MHR
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Future Designs —
Next Generation Nuclear Plant (NGNP)
PBMR (Pty) Ltd. — Pebble
Bed Modular Reactor
High temperature (900 °C)
helium-cooled reactor
TRISO-coated particle fuel
in spherical fuel elements
On-line refueling
Direct cycle gas turbine
Inherent passive safety
design
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Future Designs — NGNP
AREVA/Framatome ANP — ANTARES design
Prismatic core
• Low cost
• Maximum core design flexibility
• Minimum core design uncertainty
Indirect cycle
• Simplified design
Innovative CCGT-based power generation system
• Developed with MHI and confirmed by EdF
• Maximizes use of existing technology
• Combined Brayton and Rankine cycles give high
efficiency
Readily adaptable to H 2 production
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Future Designs — NGNP
General Atomics — Gas Turbine — Modular Helium
Reactor (GT-MHR)
Helium cooled reactor
• Nonradioactive
• High heat capacity
Gas turbine
• Brayton cycle vs. steam cycle
• High efficiency ~ 50%
• Modern gas turbine technology
Ceramic fuel particles
– High temperature capability > 1600 °C
– Stable graphite core/moderator
– High fuel burnup capability
– High proliferation resistance
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Today’s Design — Generation III+
Advanced Light Water Reactors (ALWRs)
Simplified design
Passive systems to enhance safety and
reduce cost
Standardized designs based on modularization
producing shorter construction schedules
Enhanced resistance to proliferation
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Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
General Electric ESBWR
ABWR+
BNFL/
Westinghouse AP 1000
Atomic Energy
Canada Limited ACR-700
(AECL)
AREVA/ EPR
Framatome SWR 1000
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6900-12/04-40
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
General Electric — ESBWR
Simplified the design
• Less equipment and buildings
• Shorter construction times
• Reduced operation and
maintenance costs
Improved plant performance and
safety
• Gives operational flexibility
• Easier to get regulatory approval
Designed to U.S. and European
requirements
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Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
Westinghouse — AP 1000
Passive safety systems permit
simplification and improve safety
Modularization reduces construction
to 36 months
NRC design certification provides
regulatory certainty:
• AP 600 — December 1999
• AP 1000 — August 2005 Westinghouse
6987-2/05-Michigan-42
Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
Atomic Energy Canada Limited
(AECL) — ACR-700
Evolution of CANDU 6 design
(Qinshan)
Safe, economical design
40 months from first concrete
to fuel load for 1st unit
Currently in NRC
pre-application review
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Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
AREVA/Framatome ANP — EPR
Four loop RCS design
Four train safety systems
In-containment borated
water storage
RCS depressurization system
Separate buildings for safety trains
Advanced ―cockpit‖ control room
48 months from first concrete to CO
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Today’s Design — Generation III+ ALWR
AREVA/Framatome
ANP — SWR 1000
Improved safety margin
Improved availability
Uses existing technology
Reduced construction time
60-year service life
European utility involvement
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United States Perspective
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U.S. Nuclear Energy
Quick facts
103 nuclear plants
20% of the nation’s electricity
Displaces 680 million
metric tons of CO2
Equivalent to 131 million
passenger cars
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U.S. Nuclear Drivers
Safe
Proven nuclear plant performance
Cost effective
Affordable
Energy security/energy independence
Provides base load generation/grid
stability
Emission free
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Proven Performance
90.7%
Source: Energy Information Administration/Nuclear Regulatory Commission
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Affordable ($ per MWh)
Nuclear Coal Gas
No assistance $45-$71 $33-$41 $35-$45
Engineering costs
paid $31-$46 $33-$41 $35-$45
Limited production,
investment $25-$45 $33-$41 $35-$45
tax credit
Source: University of Chicago
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Cost Effective
(in constant cents/kWh)
Oil 5.53
Gas 5.77
Coal 1.8
Nuclear 1.72
Source: Federal Energy Regulatory Commission /EUCG
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
Congress Energy Policy Act
Supports nuclear energy as a major component
of national energy policy
Supports
• Uprates/license renewals
• Licensing of new plants
DOE
Nuclear Power 2010 program
Deploys at least one new advanced
nuclear plant by 2010
Utilities
Three utility-led consortiums formed to
develop COL applications for new
U.S. reactors 6987-2/05-Michigan-52
Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
Increasing Public Support
Keep the Definitely Accept
Important Favor use option build new
for our of nuclear to build nuclear reactors
energy energy nuclear plants in at nearest
future plants future plant
80% 67% 71% 60% 62%
Source: Bisconti Research Inc.
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival —
License Renewals
32
30 Not
Announced
Granted
25
Renewal
Application
Renewal
Application
Renewal Renewal
Application
Intent
Renewal
16
Application
In NRC
Review
Renewal
Application
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
Browns Ferry #1
restart
Tennessee Valley
Authority
• 1,280 MWe
• Applied for 20-
year license
renewal
• Ahead of
schedule
• Under budget
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Evidence of U.S. Nuclear Revival
Utility consortiums formed in response to DOE’s
NP-2010 solicitation
NuStart Energy Development, LLC
Dominion-led
TVA-led
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New U.S. Licensing Process
Early site approval
1
2 3
Design certification Combined license for
construction and
operation (COL)
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Early Site Permits
1 Site approval obtained
before company decides
to build
Company “banks” site
up to 20 years
Decision made, design
chosen later
Greater certainty in
moving forward
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Design Certification
2 Advance NRC
approval for design
Lengthy delays
avoided before site
preparation,
construction
Four designs
approved to date
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Combined Construction and Operating
License
3
One license for operating/
building plant
Early focus of public
comment
Greater regulatory
certainty
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Old Licensing Process
15 years
Construction
Permit
Application
Operating License
Construction
Application
Operating License
Operations
Issued
Public Comment
Opportunity
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New Licensing Process
7 years
Early Site
Permit
Combined Construction
License Construction Acceptance Operation
Criteria
Design
Certification
Public Comment
Opportunity
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What Needs To Be Done
Spent Fuel
Management
Financials Regulatory
Certainty
Build New
Nuclear
Plants
Public and
Bipartisan Infrastructure
Support
Proven
Technology
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What Needs To Be Done — New
Nuclear Plants
Proven Finalize a competitive approved design
Technology
Ensure designs met new capacity needs
Create advantageous business conditions
Financials Acceptable financials return
Financial incentives
Regulatory Resolve uncertainties in licensing
Certainty and regulations
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What Needs To Be Done — New
Nuclear Plants
Spent Fuel Completion of Yucca Mountain
Management
Long-term solution
Re-establishment of the nuclear infrastructure
Infrastructure
Utilities Universities
Vendors Government
Labor Investors
Renew public confidence
Public and
Bipartisan
Support
Need to maintain high-performance standards
Need national energy policy
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Role of
American
Nuclear Society
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Role of American Nuclear Society
Provides professional home for
pioneers leading the industry
Promotes members’
contributions in the expansion
of nuclear technology
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Role of American Nuclear Society
Provides forum to develop
and apply technology
to benefit all humanity
Serves as credible voice for exchange of
nuclear information
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Role of American Nuclear Society
Through ANS professional
divisions
Members demonstrate the
peaceful power of the atom
Members push the science
forward at topical meetings and
workshops
Through ANS public policy
and federal affairs
Members assist:
• Government in developing
sound policies
• Renewal of public confidence
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Tomorrow’s Vision Coming into Focus
40 nuclear
EBR-1 U.S.S. plants New Build Consortiums
Reactor Nautilus NuStart
Periodic TVA
table Dominion
1960
Gen III+
1900
Space
2004
Medical
Isotopes Pioneer
10
NP 2010
Gen IV
2050
X-rays Initiative
Cathode
rays
Medical
The Faces of
Tomorrow
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Questions
Answers
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The Nuclear
Renaissance:
A Resurgence of
Nuclear Energy
Jim Reinsch
President, Bechtel Nuclear Power
Board of Directors, Nuclear Energy Institute
President-Elect, American Nuclear Society
6987-2/05-Michigan-72
