Most common Types of Cancer - Myelogenous leukemia - Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) -

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        <p>Leukemia is defined as condition of abnormal increase of white
blood cells produced by the bone marrow and/or the lymphatic system.
Depending to the malignant granulocytes or lymphocytes, leukemia is
classified into myelogenous or lymphoblastic leukemia.<br>Bone marrow is
soft tissue inside the hollow center of major bone. including spine,
pelvis, under arm, leg. etc.<br><br><strong>Types of
leukemia</strong><br>Leukemia can be classified into 2 types<br>A. Acute
leukemia<br>Acute leukemia is defined as condition of rapid increase in
the numbers of extreme immature white blood cells which appear in the
blood stream into other parts of the body, including tissue and
organs.<br>1. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)<br>Acute lymphocytic
leukemia (ALL) is a type of cancer of the abnormal growth of extreme
immature lymphocytes overproduced by the bone marrow and/or lymphatic
system. Since it has a tendency to multiply quickly, it can lead to death
to other normal white blood cells in the bone marrow and/or lympaphatic
system. In ALL, lymphocytes appear immature in blood stream.<br>Acute
lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is most common children forms of leukemia
with about 80% of all cases.<br><br>2. Acute myelogenous leukemia
(AML)<br>Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a cancer of myelogenous
lining cause of rapid growth of abnormal granulocytes accumulated in the
bone marrow, interfering with the normal blood cells. In AML,
granulocytes appear immature in blood stream.<br><br>B. Chronic
leukemia<br>Chronic leukemia is defined as condition of slow but still
excessive build up of relatively mature abnormal white blood cells. It
has a tendency to spread slowly to other parts of the body through
bloodstream and/or lymphatic system.<br>1. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
(CLL)<br>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is defined as a condition of
slow growth and spreading of a group of abnormal white blood cells called
B-cell lymphocytes, which fight against infection in our body by produced
antibodies. In CLL, B-cell lymphocytes have become abnormal and grow out
of control. They appear less immature in the bloodstream.<br><br>2.
Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)<br>Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML)
is also defined as condition of slow growth and spreading of abnormal
granulocytes. In CML, granulocytes have become abnormal and growth
uncontrollably in the bone marrow and/or lymphatic system and appear less
immature in the blood stream.<br><br>Myelogenous leukemia<br>A. Acute
myelogenous leukemia (AML)<br>Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a
cancer of myelogenous lining cause of rapid growth of abnormal
granulocytes accumulated in the bone marrow, interfering with the normal
blood cells. In AML, granulocytes appear immature in blood
stream.<br>A.1. Symptoms<br>1. Fatigue and pale complexion<br>Fatigue is
a result of not enough red blood cell to transport oxygen to the body
cells. Pale complexion, if the disease has affected red blood cell
count.<br>2. Infections<br>As white blood no longer function normally in
fighting against foreign invasion such as virus and bacteria.<br>3.
Shortness of breath<br>Due to anemia<br>4. Bone pain<br>In one of more
bones or in the abdomen<br>5. Abdominal swelling<br>Due to spreading of
the disease to the lymph nodes or infectious cause of swelling somewhere
else in the body<br>6. Bruising easily<br>Due to reduced blood's
platelets.<br>7. Poor healing of minor cuts<br>The disease has affected
the function platelets.<br>8. Unusual bleeding<br>As the bone marrow
fails to produce enough platelets to make a normal blood clot, such as
frequent nosebleeds and bleeding from the gums<br>9. Prolonged or severe
illness<br>It may be the cause of immune deficiency due to abnormal white
blood cells.<br>11. Etc.<br><br>A.2. Causes and risk factors<br>1.
Age<br>Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) occurs mostly in adults with
increased risk with age.<br>2. Gender<br>Men have an increased risk of
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) than that of women.<br>3.
Radiation<br>Children with previous high dose of radiotherapy and
chemotherapy have an increased risk of <strong>acute lymphoblastic
leukemia.</strong><br>4. Exposure to environment chemicals<br>Exposure to
certain chemicals can increase risk of the disease.<br>5.
<strong>Previous cancer treatment.</strong><br><strong>Previous cancer
treatment of</strong> chemotherapy and radiation therapy increase the
risk of AML.<br>6. Smoking<strong><br></strong>AML is linked to cigarette
smoke, as a result of cigarette carcinogens.<br>7. <strong>Genetic
disorders</strong><br>Certain inherited genetic disorders, such as Down
syndrome, Fanconi anemia, IgA deficiency, etc. increase the risk of the
disease.<br>8. Etc.<br><br>A.3. Diagnosis and tests<br>If you have some
of the symptoms of the above. the first test that your doctor order is a
complete blood count after a collection of your medical history and
physical examination.<br>1. Physical examination<br>In Physical
examination, your doctor may investigate for signs of bruising, bleeding,
swelling lymph nodes, etc.<br>2. Complete blood count<br>Complete blood
is very important if your doctor suspected there may be a sign of the
development of AML. The test will reveal to your doctor the degree of
abnormal white blood cell red blood cell (anemia) and platelet count
(thrombocytopenia).<br>3. Bone marrow biopsy<br>The test usually is done
in your doctor or in hospital as a outpatient by using a thin, tube-like
needle inserted into the hip to withdraw a small sample from bone marrow.
The sample will be view under microscopy to look for any abnormality of
granulocytes or lymphocytes.<br>If your doctor suspect that the disease
have spread to other tissue or organs, other tests may be required.<br>4.
Other tests if necessary<br><br>A.4. Prevention<br>Increased intake of
high amount of antioxidant and foods that enhance the immune system, and
living a healthy life style may reduce risk of AML.<br>c. 1. Diet<br>a.
Garlic<br>In the study of Garlic compounds selectively kill childhood
pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro without reducing T-cell
function: Potential therapeutic use in the treatment of ALL. Researchers
found that after oral consumption or intravenous dose of garlic extracts
to volunteers, serum from these volunteers could be substituted in
similar experiments to that described in this manuscript to determine
optimal dosage to achieve maximal killing of ALL cells while maintaining
Th1 response.<br>b. Soy extract<br>In a study, research found that
genistein increased the potency of the chemotherapeutic agent bleomycin
against the leukemia cell line HL-60, and reduced the damage this agent
normally causes to normal lymphocytes, thus it may reduce normal tissue
toxicity associated with chemotherapy (Lee R et al 2004).<br>c.
Tomato<br>Tomato contain high amount of lycopene, a powerful antioxidant
that have shown inhibition of leukemia of cell cycle progression and
induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic cells.<br><br>d.
Carrot<br>Carrot contains high amount of beta carotene which has shown to
induce appotosis of cancer cells. In study of Cell Cycle Regulation and
Induction of Apoptosis by β-carotene, researchers found that in vivo
study warrants further confirmation that β-carotene acts as apoptosis
agent in cancer cells particularly leukemia cells but not normal
cells.<br><br>e. Etc.<br><br>2. With nutritional supplements<br>a. Lipoic
acid and vitamin D3<br>Research shows that lipoic acid, used in
combination with vitamin D3, support normal (versus cancerous) growth and
maturation of leukemia cells (Sokoloski JA et al 1997).<br><br>b. GLA and
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)<br>In a study, researcher found that GLA and
eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been shown to cause death in HL-60
leukemia cells (Gillis RC et al 2002).<br><br>c. Epigallocatechin
gallate<br>In a study in 2004 by Dr. Lee, YK, found that Epigallocatechin
gallate (EGCG) in green tea blocks the production of vascular endothelial
growth factor (VEGF), considered essential for leukemia growth and
spread.<br><br>d. Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3<br>In a study of
Lycopene and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 cooperate in the inhibition of cell
cycle progression and induction of differentiation in HL-60 leukemic
cells, researchers found that The combination of low concentrations of
lycopene with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 exhibited a synergistic effect on
cell proliferation and differentiation and an additive effect on cell
cycle progression. Such synergistic antiproliferative and differentiating
effects of lycopene and other compounds found in the diet and in plasma
may suggest the inclusion of the carotenoid in the diet as a cancer-
preventive measure.<br><br>e. Selenium<br>In a study of Selenium-induced
Cytotoxicity of Human Leukemia Cells Interaction with Reduced
Glutathione, researchers suggested that Only selenocystine and sodium
selenite showed anti-tumor activity, and these were also the only
compounds which demonstrated significant redox chemistry, including
depletion of cellular glutathione, stimulation of glutathione reductase,
and stimulation of oxygen consumption. The interaction of these two
compounds with glutathione suggests an intriguing potential role for them
in cancer therapy.<br><br>g. Etc.<br><br>A.5. Treatments<br>1. In
conventional medicine<br>The objective of the treatment of AML is to cure
the a patient<br>a. Induction therapy<br>The purpose of induction therapy
is to used certain chemotherapy drugs, such as daunorubicin, adriamycin,
etc. to reduce the number of cancer cells to see if the disease is
responded and goes into remission. If it does, the next step of bone
marrow transplant enhances the curative chance to over 50%.<br>b. Bone
marrow transplant<br>Bone marrow transplant with bone marrow taken from a
closed relative with the same tissue type. After surgery, medicine is
taken for a long time to prevent the rejection of the patient
body.<br>patient with bone marrow transplant are required to be in
intensive care and isolation to avoid infection for the new bone marrow
to grow.<br>c. Etc.<br><br>2. Herbal medicine<br>a. Nettle<br>Nettle or
stinging nettle, is a perennial plant growing in temperate and tropical
wasteland areas around the world, genus Urtica, belonging to the family
Urticaceae. In some studies, research found that nettle's anti-
inflammatory actions are attributed to its ability to interrupt the
production and actions of inflammation-producing immune cells in the body
(cytokines, prostaglandins and leukotreines).<br><br>b. St. John's
wort<br>St John's wort is also known as Tipton's Weed, genus Hypericum,
belonging to the family Hypericaceae, native to North America, Europe,
Turkey, Russia, India, and China. A study published in the journal Cancer
stated that an man-made version of hypericin, which naturally occurs in
St. John's wort, appears to inhibit the growth of some malignant brain
tumors.<br><br>c. Absinthe<br>Absinthe is also known as Wormwood, a
distilled, highly alcoholic beverage flowers extracted from leaves of the
herb Artemisia absinthium. In a study, researcher at the University of
Washington found that wormwood can be used as a promising potential
treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of Chinese folk
medicine.<br><br>d. Celandine<br>Celandine is a herbaceous perennial
plant, genus Chelidonium, belonging to the family Papaveraceae, native to
Europe and western Asia and introduced widely in North America.<br>In a
study of Ukrain (Ukrain is an anticancer drug based on the extract of the
plant)– a new cancer cure? A systematic review of randomised clinical
trials, researcher suggested, according to the data from randomised
clinical trials that Ukrain to have potential as an anticancer drug.
However, numerous caveats prevent a positive conclusion, and independent
rigorous studies are urgently needed.<br><br>e. Myrrh<br>Myrrh is the
dried oleo gum resin of a number of Commiphora or dhidin species of trees
containing high amount of Boswellic acids. in a study, reported in In
Vitro Screening for the Tumoricidal Properties of International Medicinal
Herbs showed that Boswellic acids exert direct antiproliferative/pro-
apoptotic effects through activation of caspase-3/8/9 and PARP cleavage
in HT-29 cells (Liu et al., 2002), human leukemia cells HL-60, K 562,
U937, MOLT-4, THP-1 and brain tumor cells LN-18, LN-229 (Hostanska et
al., 2002).<br><br>f. Etc.<br><br>3. Traditional Chinese medicine<br>a.
Shan Dou Gen<br>Shan Dou Gen is also known as sophora root. The bitter,
cold and toxic herb has been used in TCM to hemorrhoids, cancer of the
bladder, acute tonsillitis, psoriasis, hepatitis due to viral infection,
etc. In a study, researcher found that purified compound Shan Dou Gen
induced apoptosis in human leukemia cells and identified it as
sophoranone... Our results indicate that sophoranone might be a unique
apoptosis-inducing anticancer agent that targets mitochondria." Int J
Cancer 2002 Jun 20;99(6):879-90<br><br>b. Ling Zhi<br>Ling Zhi is also
known as Reishi mushroom. The sweet and neutral herb has been used in TCM
as anti-inflammatory and antioxidation agent and to promote
immunomodulary activityand mitochondrial energy production and prevent
neuronal loss following cerebral ischemia, etc. In Aaseries of
experiments including cell culture and benzidine staining test were
undertaken to investigate the effects of Ganoderma lucidum(Leyss ex Fr)
Karst Compound(GLC) on the proliferation and differentiation of K562
leukemic cells... It is concluded that GLC may be a good medicine for
leukemia therapy." Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao. 1999;24(6):521-4.
Chinese.<br><br>c. Jie Geng<br>Jie geng is also known as Platycodon Root.
The acrid, bitter and neutral herb has been use in TCM as anti-
inflammatory, anti ulcers agent and to inhibit cough, treat bronchitis,
sore throat etc., as it stimulates the lung in dispersing and descending
functions, transforms phlegm, etc., by enhancing the functions of the
lung channels.The Researchers found that Saponins in Jie Geng have been
shown to very significantly augment the cytotoxicity of immunotoxins and
other targeted toxins directed against human cancer cells.<br><br>d. Xia
Ku Cao<br>Xia Ku Cao is also known as Common Selfheal Fruit-Spike. The
acrid, bitter and cold herb has ben used in TCM as diuretic, antibiotic
agent and to treat hypertension and arteriosclerosis, acute tonsillitis,
amnesia, whooping cough etc., as it disperses Liver-Fire and nodules,
treat hypotension, etc. by enhancing the functions of liver and
gallbladder channels. Researchers found that cyasterone in Xia Ku Cao
showed anti tumor activity.<br><br>5. Qing hao<br>Qing hao is also known
as wormwood. The bitter and cold herb has been used in TCM to<br>trea
lupus, schistosomiasis, chronic bronchitis (essential oil) to elevate the
calcium ions of leukemia white cells, etc. In a study, researcher at the
University of Washington researcher found that wormwood can be used as a
promising potential treatment for cancer among the ancient arts of
Chinese folk medicine.<br><br>6. Etc.<br><br>For other health articles,
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