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September 2003
SIGNIFICANCE OF PUBLISHED STUDIES AND CASE REPORTS
HIGHEST NECK MANIPULATION
OCCIPUT TO CERVICAL ONE (ATLAS) AND CERVICAL ONE TO
CERVICAL TWO (AXIS)
Research of an issue of health care concern often begins with a search of a medical
database. This can now be done via the public internet from available free databases or
through more sophisticated research programs.
What do we learn from such a search? Published reports in the scientific literature allow
us to stand on the very tip of the iceberg largely unaware of the reality below. Most
scientists never take the time and effort required to report what they have found. Medical
Journals refuse the great majority of submissions. Thus the overall picture of the true
incidence and seriousness of an issue is simply reflected by the medical database
resource.
Yet the scientific literature does provide some insights. How many well respected
scientific journals have addressed the issue? How consistent year in and year out have
reports been made? How many different countries have reported on the issue? What is the
degree of specialization of those scientists publishing these studies? What is the range of
problems reported?
In regard to the issue of highest neck manipulation, occipital to cervical one (atlas
vertebrae) and cervical one to cervical two (axis vertebrae) studies have been reported in
numerous scientific journals including, The Journal of Forensic Science, The Journal of
Clinical Pathology, The Journal of the American Medical Association, the Journal of the
Canadian Medical Association, the British Medical Journal, the journals “Neurology:
“Stroke”, “Lancet”, “Pediatrics”, The new England Journal of Medicine, The American
Journal of Emergency Medicine, etc. etc.
The range of interest of these Journals include neurology, neuroradiology, pathology,
forensic sciences, legal publications, family medicine, rehabilitation medicine,
ophthalmology, audiology etc. etc. Numerous prestigious hospitals and Universities
across the world have reported cases including the Mayo Clinic, Johns Hopkins Hospital,
the Claude Bernard Hospital, the Veterans Administration Medical center in California,
etc. etc.
The issue has been reported from Canada, the United States, Denmark, Germany, Italy,
Australia, Japan, England, Canada, China, South Africa, Ireland, New Zealand,
Switzerland, etc. etc. indeed worldwide.
The issue has also been reported on since the very inception of modern medical index
medicus over 60 years ago. The quality of the reports, moving from observations and
commentaries, case reports to retrospective analysis and statistical studies has been
consistent.
The medical consequences of neck manipulation run the range from simple spells of
nausea to the Locked-In Syndrome to death. It happens in all ages, from babies to people
in their 80’s. It most commonly happens in young adults in the prime of their lives. The
wide range of neurological and pathological findings in the countless cases reported can
make a pathologist shudder. The posterior circulation supplies the very “stem” of our
neurological system and any tampering with it must be done as an absolute last resort.
The neuro-pathological findings run the range of little or no findings to those showing
clear adventitial dissection and indeed rupture of the entire artery. As stated by
neurologist Wouter I. Schievink M.D. “Intimal tears are notoriously difficult to identify
at the time of microscopic examination of postmortem or surgical specimens”. (NEJM
Vol. 344. No.12).
A) Compression and/or stretching leading to subintimal hematoma. The fenestrations of
the intima unfold and may become scarred or even tear.
B) A simple intimal tear leading to an endothelial reaction. This can lead to a cascade of
thrombus and embolus.
C) An intimal tear with a thrombus that restricts the lumen.
D) Vessel wall dissection, the most common type though by many to be between the
endothelial layer and the internal elastica lamina.
E) Vessel wall dissection with psuedo-anurysm. The muscularis as well as the intima and
internal elastic lamina are disrupted.
F) Perivascular bleeding. Sub-arachnoid hemorrhage may be fatal.
THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG
YEAR REFERENCE DETAILS COMMENT
400 B.C. Hippocrates Neck manipulation may Problems due to neck
make “much mischief.” manipulation have been
known for over 2000 years.
1867 Paget, James. “Chaos of this kind is of Problems reported by
frequent occurrence.” bonesetters over 125 years
“Bone-setter”“ Cases that ago.
Bone-setters cure”
1934 Foster versus Thornton. Practitioner: DEATH two weeks later.
Chiropractor.
Malpractice.
Patient: female patient.
J.A.M.A.
1934:103(16):1260 Cerebral hemorrhage.
1935 Foster versus Thornton. Treated for headaches. As above.
Malpractice. Comment on above.
J.A.M.A.1935:105(21):1714.
1937 Foster versus Thornton. Treated for headache. As above.
Malpractice. Comment on above.
J.A.M.A.1937: 109 (3): 233-
4.
1947 Pratt-Thomas HR, Berger Practitioner: DEATH 24 hours after neck
KE. J.A.M.A. 1947; 133 Chiropractor. manipulation
(9):600-3.
Male patient. 34 years.
Thrombosis of posterior
inferior cerebellar
arteries.
1952 Bakewell v Kahle.. Practitioner: BRAIN DAMAGE.
Chiropractor.
J.A.M.A. 1952; 148 (8): 699. Vertebral-basilar infarction.
Patient: female patient.
Rupture of brain tumor.
1952 Ford FR. Practitioner: BRAINSTEM DAMAGE
Chiropractor.
Bulletin. Johns Hopkins
Hospital. 1952;91:168-73 Dizzy spells, visual
disturbances
1952 Kunkle EC, Muller JC. Practitioner: BRAINSTEM.
Chiropractor.
Ann Int Med 1952;36:1329- WALLANBERG
35 Male patient age 35. SYNDROME.
Vascular thrombosis.
1955 York v. Daniels. Practitioner: DEATH 18 hours after neck
Chiropractor. manipulation.
J.A.M.A. 1955; 159 (8):809.
Patient: female patient.
Compression of the
spinal cord due to
bleeding.
1956 Ford FR, Clark D. Wife. DEATH 3 days after neck
manipulation.
Bulletin. Johns Hopkins Male patient age 37
Hospital: 1956; 98: 37-42.
Thrombosis posterior-
inferior cerebellar artery
and left posterior
cerebral.
1956 Ford FR, Clark D. Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Chiropractor. SYNDROME
Bulletin Johns Hopkins
Hospital 1956; 98: 37-42. Male patient. Age 41.
1956 Ford FR, Clark D. Practitioner: DEATH
Chiropractor.
Bulletin Johns Hopkins
Hospital 1956; 98: 37-42. Basilar artery
thrombosis.
1956 Schwarz GA, Geiger JK, Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Chiropractor. SYNDROME
Arch Intern Med 1956; 97: 3
524. Patient: female patient
age 28.
Posterior inferior
cerebellar artery
thrombosis
YEAR REFERENCE DETAILS COMMENT
1957 Attali P. Practitioner: BARRE-LIEOU
Chiropractor SYNDROME
Accidents graves apres une
manipulation intempestive Patient: female patient
par un chiropractor. age 43
Rev Rheum 1957; 24: 652.
1957 Boudin G. Barbizet J. Practitioner: BRAINSTEM DAMAGE
Chiropractor
Bulletin Mem Soc Med Hop
Paris 1957;73:526-6 Patient: female patient
32 years
Syndrome grave do tronc
cerebral apres
manipulations cervicales.
1959 Green D Joynt RJ Practitioner: BRAINSTEM
Chiropractor.
J.A.M.A. 1959; 170 (5):522-
4 Patient: female patient
age 31.
Vascular accidents to the
brain stem associated
with neck manipulations.
1959 Green D Joynt RJ Practitioner: BRAINSTEM
Chiropractor
J.A.M.A. 1959; 170 (5):522-
4 Male patient age 55
Vascular accidents to the
brain stem associated
with neck manipulations.
1959 Boshes LD. Practitioner: Upper arm paralysis, slurred
Chiropractor speech, visual defects.
J.A.M.A. 1959; 171: 1602.
Patient: female age 24
Vascular accidents
associated with neck
manipulation.
1959 Boshes LD. Practitioner: Slurred speech, visual defects.
Chiropractor.
J.A.M.A. 1959; 171: 1602.
Patient: female patient.
Mother of the above
patient.
1959 Boshes LD. Practitioner: Slurred speech, visual defects.
Chiropractor
J.A.M.A. 1959; 171: 1602.
Male patient. Father of
the above patient.
1960 Bouchet MM. Pailler P. Practitioner: DEAFNESS
Chiropractor.
Surdite brutale et
chiropractic. Patient: female.
Ann Otolarvngol (Paris)
1,060; 77:951-3.
1960 Hardin CA, Williamson P, Physician. Speech defects, sweating spell,
fainting spells.
Steegman A. Male patient. Age 50
Neurolgy. 1960; 10: 855-8. Vertebral artery
insufficiency produced
by cervical osteoarthritic
spurs.
1960 Martin H, Guiral J. Practitioner: Deafness and ringing in the
Chiropractor. ears.
France O.R.L. 1960:9: 177-8.
Male patient. Age 40.
(Ear, Nose, Throat)
Surdite brusque au cours
d'une
Manipulation vertebrates
1962 Masson M, Cambier. Muscle therapist. WALLENBERG
SYNDROME
Presse Medicale. Patient: female patient.
1962;70(43):1990-3 Age 33
1962 Smith RA. Estridge MN. Practitioner: DEATH 3 days after neck
Chiropractor manipulation. Cerebellar and
J.A.M.A.1962; 182(5):528- brainstem damage.
31 Patient: female patient
age 33.
Neurological
complications of head
and neck manipulations.
1963 Pribek RA. Practitioner: BRAINSTEM DAMAGE
Chiropractor.
Wisc Med J 1963;62(3):141-
3 Male patient age 63
Brainstem vascular
accident following neck
manipulation.
YEAR REFERENCE DETAILS COMMENT
1963 Roche L, Collin M, De Physician DEATH 2 days after neck
rougemont J, manipulation.
Sex and age of patient
Ann Med Leg 1963; 43: 232- not reported.
5
Traumatic lesions to the
vertebral artery.
1963 Brain L, Practitioner: Unknown. PARTIAL VISUAL LOSS
British Med Journal Patient: female patient.
Age 68
1963; 1 (Mar 23): 771-7
Neck traction caused
visual loss.
1965 Godlewski S. Practitioner: QUADRIPLEGIA
Chiropractor.
Assises Med 1965; 23
(2):81-92 Patient: female. Age 66
Diagnostic des
thromboses vertebro-
basilaire.
1966 Janzen-Hamburg R. Arch Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Klin Chir 1966; 316-461-9 Chiropractor SYNDROME
Sex and age unknown.
Schleudertrauma der
Halseirbelsaule,
neurologische
probleme. Langenbecks
1967 Nick J, Contamin F, Nicolle Practitioner: DOUBLE VISION.
MH. Chiropractor
Bulletin. Mem Soc Med Patient: female. Age 48
Hop Paris 1967: 118 (5): 435
40 Incidents et acidents
neurologiques dus aux
manipulations
cervicales: A propos de
trois observations.
1967 Nick J, Contamin F, Nicolle Practitioner: Unknown. DOUBLE VISION. DIZZY
MH. SPELLS.
Patient: female age 60.
Bulletin. Mem Soc Med
Hop Paris 1967: 118 (5): 435 Neurological accidents
40 following neck
manipulation.
1971 Heyden S. Practitioner: MIXTURE OF
Chiropractor. NEUROLOGICAL
Mat Med Nordm 1971; 23: DEFICITS.
24-32. Patient: female age 29.
Vertebral artery
thrombosis.
1971 Wood MJ, Lang EK, Faludi Practitioner: MIXTURE OF
HK, Woolhandler GJ. J Chiropractor NEUROLOGICAL
Louisiana Med Soc 1971; DEFICITS.
123 (12): 413-4. Male age 34
Traumatic vertebral
artery thrombosis.
1972 Kanshepolsky J, Danielson Practitioner: INFARCTION OF RIGHT
H, Flynn RE. Bull LA Chiropractor CEREBULLUM.
Neurol Soc
Patient: female age 39
1972;37: 62-6.
Vertebral artery
insufficiency
and cerebellar infarction
due to manipulation of
the neck.
1972 Lorenz R, Vogelsang HG. Practitioner: DEATH. 58 days after neck
Deutsche Med Chiropractor. manipulation.
Wochenschrift 1972; 97: 36- Patient: female age 39
43.
Basilar artery thrombosis
following chiropractic
neck manipulation.
1973 Kommerell G, Hoyt WF. Practitioner: VISUAL EYE MOTOR
Arch Chiropractor. LOSS. LEFT WALLENBERG
SYNDROME.
Neurol 1973; 28: 313-8. Patient: female age 52.
Lateropulsion of
saccadic eye movements.
YEAR REFERENCE DETAILS COMMENT
1973 Nagler W. Practitioner: Unknown. TOTAL LIMB SPASTICITY.
NEEDS A WALKER.
Arch Phys Med Rehab 1973; Male age 55
54: 237-40.
Vertebral artery
obstruction by
hyperextension of the
neck;
Report of three cases.
1973 Schmitt HP, Tamaska L. Z Naturopath. DEATH 3 HOURS AFTER
Rechtsmedizin 1973; 73: NECK MANIPULATION.
Patient: female age 35.
301-8. Vertebral and basilar
artery rupture.
1974 Kramer KH, Wallenburg Practitioner: Physician. WALLENBERG
Manuelle Medizin 1974; 2: SYNDROME
121-4. Patient: female age 35.
Thrombosis of the right
vertebral artery.
1974 Lyness SS. Wagman AD. Osteopath. LOCKED IN SYNDROME.
TETRAPLEGIC.
Surg Neurol 1974; 2: 121-4. Patient: female age 20.
Neurological deficit
following cervical
manipulation.
1974 Mehalic T. Farhat SM. Surg Practitioner: SLOW SPEECH.
Neuro 1974; 2: 125-9. Chiropractor. UNSTEADY GAIT. EYE
NYSTAGMUS.
Male age 40.
Vertebral artery injury
from chiropractic
Manipulation of the
neck.
1974 Mehalic T. Farhat SM. Surg Practitioner: ATAXIA. SLOW SPEECH.
NYSTAGMUS OF EYES.
Neuro 1974; 2: 125-9. Chiropractor.
Male age 30.
Vertebral artery trauma.
1974 Kosoy J, Glassman AL. Practitioner: Physician. BRAINSTEM STROKE.
Tex Med 1974; 70: 66-71. Male age 36
Audiovestibular findings
with cervical spine
trauma.
1974 Miller RG, Burton R. Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Chiropractor. SYNDROME
J.A.M.A. 1974; 229 (2): 189-
90. Patient: female age 52.
Stroke following
chiropractic
manipulation of the
spine.
1974 Miller RG, Burton R. Practitioner: SEVERE HANDICAP.
Chiropractor INTELLECTUAL DEFICITS.
J.A.M.A. 1974; 229 (2): 189- VISUAL DEFECTS.
90. Male age 53
Thrombosis of the
cerebral artery.
1975 Bladin PF, Merory J.. Practitioner: MINOR DEFICITS AFTER
Chiropractor. TREATMENT.
Proc Aust Assoc Neuro
1975; 12:35-41. Patient: female age 31
Mechanisms in cerebral
lesions in trauma to high
cervical portion of the
vertebral artery rotation
injury
1975 Davidson KC, Weiford EC, Practitioner: HEARING LOSS. FACIAL
Dixon GD. Radiology 1975; Chiropractor. PARESIS.
115:
Patient: female age 42
651-2.
Traumatic vertebral
artery
Pseudoaneurysm
following chiropractic
manipulation.
1975 Kipp W. Todlicher Eberhard Practitioner: Unknown. DEATH 3 days after neck
Karls Universtitaet 1975; manipulation.
:39. Patient: female age 34
Hirnstamminfarkt nach
HWS-Manipulation
(Dissertation).
Tubingen:
YEAR REFERENCE DETAILS COMMENT
1976 Goodbody RA. Osteopath. DEATH 2 days after neck
manipulation.
J Clin Pathol 1976; 29 (1): Male age 23
86-7.
Fatal post-traumatic
vertebrobasilar ischemia.
1976 Hensell V. Practitioner: Physician. DEATH 24 hours after neck
manipulation.
Med Welt 1976; 27 (14): Patient: female age 52
656-8.
Neurologische Schaden
nach Repositions
massnahmen an der
Wirbelsaule.
1976 Mueller S, Sahs AL. Practitioner: Unknown RECOVERED AFTER
MINOR DEFICITS.
Neurology (Minneapolis) Patient: female age 43
1976; 26: 547-60.
Brain stem dysfunction
related to cervical
Manipulation.
1976 Mueller S, Sahs AL. Practitioner: Unknown. ASSORTED
NEUROLOGICAL
Neurology (Minneapolis) Patient: female age 28. DEFECTS.
1976; 26: 547-60.
Anterior dislocation of
C-2.
1976 Mueller S, Sahs AL. Practitioner: Unknown. RESIDUAL DYSTAXIA
AND DYSARTHRIA AND
Neurology (Minneapolis) Male age 38 HEADACHES.
1976; 26: 547-60.
Posterior inferior
cerebellar artery
thrombosis.
1976 Schmitt HP. Practitioner: Physician. DEATH 4 weeks after neck
manipulation.
Schweizer Archiv fur Male age 51
Neurologie Neurochirurgie
und Psychiatrie 1976; 119: Left vertebral artery
363-9. thrombosis.
1977 Beatty RA. Practitioner: NO DEFICITS AFTER
Chiropractor. SURGERY.
Journal of Trauma 1977; 17
(3): 248-9. Male age 37
Dissecting hematoma of
the internal carotid artery
following chiropractic
cervical manipulation.
1977 Easton JK, Sherman DG. Practitioner: ATAXIA. DYSARTHRIA.
Stroke 1977; Chiropractor.
8 (5): 594-7. Patient: female age 48
Cervical manipulation
and stroke.
1977 Easton JK, Sherman DG. Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Chiropractor SYNDROME.
Stroke 1977;
Patient: female age 44.
8 (5): 594-7.
Cervical manipulation
and stroke.
1977 Zauel D, Carlow T Practitioner: FACIAL HEMIPARESIS.
Chiropractor. VISUAL DEFICITS.
Journal Ann Neurology
1977; 1 (3): 308. Patient: female age 47.
Internuclear
ophthalmoplegia
following cervical
Manipulation.
1978 Gorman RF. Practitioner: Physician. RECOVERED
Med J Aust Male age 38.
1978;2: 169-70. Cardiac arrest after
cervical spine
mobilization
1978 Nyberg-Hanser R, Loken Practitioner: Physician DEATH after five years in a
AC, Tenstad O. coma.
Patient: female age 38
Journal Neurolgy 1978; 218:
97-105. Brainstem lesion with
coma for five years
following manipulation
of the cervical spine.
YEAR REFERENCE DETAILS COMMENT
1978 Parkin PJ, Wallis WE, Practitioner: BABINSKI-NAGORETTE
Wilson JL. NZ Med J 1978; Physiotherapist. SYNDROME.
88: 441-3.
Patient: female age 23
Left vertebral artery
occlusion following
Manipulation of the
neck.
1978 Zimmermann AW, Kumar Practitioner: WALLENBERG
AJ, Gadoth N, Hodges FJ. Chiropractor SYNDROME
Neurology 1978; 28: 185-8.
Male age 7 Note: Symptoms of brainstem
Pediatric case. ischaemia persisted for four
Traumatic months before culminating in
cerebellar infarction.
vertebrobasilar occlusive
disease in childhood.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor.
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980. Sex unknown. Age 31-
35
Vertebral-basilar distribution
infarction following Vertebral artery.
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Sex unknown Age 36-40
Vertebral-basilar distribution Vertebral artery.
infarction following
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Sex unknown Age 36-40
Vertebral-basilar distribution Vertebral artery.
infarction following
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Sex unknown Age 41-45
Vertebral-basilar distribution Vertebral artery
infarction following
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Sex unknown Age 41-45
Vertebral-basilar distribution Vertebral artery.
infarction following
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Sex unknown Age 46-50
Vertebral-basilar distribution Vertebral artery.
infarction following
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Patient: female Age 29
Vertebral-basilar distribution Vertebro-basilar.
infarction following
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: DEATH 2 days after neck
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor manipulation.
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Male age 25
Vertebral-basilar distribution Cerebellar and brainstem
infarction following infarction due to
chiropractic cervical vertebral and basilar
manipulation. artery thrombosis.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: BILATERAL
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor HEMIANOPSIA.
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Patient: female Age 39
Vertebral-basilar distribution vertebrobasilar
infarction following infarction.
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: STROKE. MEMORY
Mayo Clinic Chiropractor DEFICITS.
Proceedings.55:322-232.
1980 Male age 53.
Vertebral-basilar distribution Bilateral posterior
infarction following cerebral artery
chiropractic cervical obstruction.
manipulation.
1980 Krueger BR, Okazaki H. Practitioner: Unknown MILD NEUROLOGICAL
Mayo Clinic SIGNS/
Proceedings.55:322-232. Patient: female age 56
1980
vertebro-basilar
Vertebral-basilar distribution insufficiency.
infarction following
chiropractic cervical
manipulation.
1980 Schellhas KP, Latchaw RE, Practitioner: SPASATIC
Wendling LR, Gold LHA. Chiropractor QUADRIPLEGIA. LOCK-IN
SYNDROME.
Vertebrobasilar Patient: female 36.
injuries following cervical Basilar artery occlusion.
manipulation.
J.A.M.A. 1980; 244 (13):
1450-3.
1980 Schellhas KP, Latchaw RE, Practitioner: WALLANBERG
Wendling LR, Gold LHA. Chiropractor SYNDROME.
Vertebrobasilar Patient: female 31
injuries following cervical Vertebrobasilar
manipulation.
Injuries following
J.A.M.A. 1980; 244 (13): cervical manipulation.
1450-3.
1980 Schellhas KP, Latchaw RE, Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Wendling LR, Gold LHA. Chiropractor SYNDROME.
Vertebrobasilar Patient: female 32
injuries following cervical Vertebrobasilar
manipulation.
Injuries following
J.A.M.A. 1980; 244 (13): cervical manipulation.
1450-3.
YEAR REFERENCE DETAILS COMMENT
1980 Schellhas KP, Latchaw RE, Self WALLENBERG
Wendling LR, Gold LHA. SYNDROME
Male 20
Vertebrobasilar
Vertebrobasilar
injuries following cervical
manipulation. Injuries following
cervical manipulation.
J.A.M.A. 1980; 244 (13):
1450-3.
1981 Ladermann JP. Accidents of Practitioner: WALLENBERG
spinal manipulation. Chiropractor SYNDROME
Ann Swiss Chiropractors Male 35
Association. 1981; 7: 161-
208.
1981 Ladermann JP. Accidents of Practitioner: RESIDUAL DEFECTS
spinal manipulation. Chiropractor
Ann Swiss Chiropractors Patient: female 34
Association. 1981; 7: 161-
208. After neck manipulation
had vomiting, facial
paresis and mild
respiratory paralysis.
1981 Sherman DG, Hart RG, Practitioner: VISUAL DEFECTS. RIGHT
Easton JD. Abrupt change in Chiropractor SUPERIOR HOMONYMOUS
head position and HEMIANOPIA.
Patient: female 39
cerebral infarction. Stroke
1981; 12 (1): 2-6. (Note: The Posterior cerebral artery
first three cases thrombosis.
were previously reported in
Easton 1977).
1981 Sherman DG, Hart RG, Practitioner: MINOR RESIDUAL
Easton JD. Abrupt change in DEFECTS.
head position and Chiropractor
cerebral infarction. Stroke Male 35
1981; 12 (1): 2-6. (Note: The
first three cases Stenosis of left vertebral
artery at C-1-2
were previously reported in
Easton 1977).
1981 Sherman DG, Hart RG, Practitioner: DEATH 4 days later.
Easton JD. Abrupt change in Chiropractor Unconscious almost
head position and immediately.
Patient: female age 60
cerebral infarction. Stroke
1981; 12 (1): 2-6. (Note: Microscopic perforation
Some cases were previously of the extra-cranial
reported by Easton 1977). vertebral artery at the C-
1 level. Upper cervical
spinal cord subarachnoid
hemorrhage
1981 Sherman DG, Hart RG, Practitioner: HORNER’S SYNDROME
Easton JD. Abrupt change in Chiropractor AND SENSORY DEFECIT.
head position and
Male 24
cerebral infarction. Stroke
1981; 12 (1): 2-6. (Note: The Right vertebral artery
first three cases thrombosis.
were previously reported in
Easton 1977).
1981 Frachon M. Les accidents Practitioner: Unknown RECOVERED?
neurologiques des
manipulations cervicales. Patient: female age 39
Thesis (Doctor of Medicine) Transient vertebral artery
- Faculty of Medicine, spasm.
Claude-Bernard University,
Lyon. 1981 (11 June).
1981 Frachon M. Les accidents Practitioner: Unknown WALLENBERG
neurologiques des SYNDROME.
manipulations cervicales. Patient: female 33
Thesis (Doctor of Medicine) Left vertebral artery
- Faculty of Medicine, damage.
Claude-Bernard University,
Lyon. 1981 (11 June).
1981 Frachon M. Les accidents Practitioner: RECOVERED?
neurologiques des Chiropractor
manipulations cervicales.
Patient: female 39
Thesis (Doctor of Medicine)
- Faculty of Medicine, Vertebral artery stenosis.
Claude-Bernard University,
Lyon. 1981 (11 June).
1982 Dahl A, Bjark P, Anke I. Practitioner: ATAXIA. UNSTEADY
Tidsskr Nor Laegeforen Chiropractor GAIT.
1983; 102 (3) : 155-7.
Patient: female age 35
Cerebrovaskulaere
kompliskasjoner til
manipulasjonsbehandling
av nakken
1982 Meyermann R. Practitioner: Physician DEATH a few hours later.
Moglichkeiten einer
schadigung der arteria Patient: female age 36
vertebralis.
Thrombosis of the
Manuelle Medizin 1982; 20: basilar artery
105-14.
1982 Simmons KC, Soo YS, Practitioner: Unknown LIMB CLUMSINESS.
Walker G, Harvey P. Trauma OCULAR MOBILITY
to the vertebral artery related Male age 41 DEFICITS.
to neck manipulation.
Right vertebral artery
Med J Australia 1982; 1: causing brainstem
187-8. ischemia.
1983 Gutmann G. Verletzungen Practitioner: Physician DEATH
der arteria vertebralis durch
manuelle therapie. Patient: female age 35.
Manuelle Medizin 1983; 21: Dissecting aneurysm of
2-14. the vertebral artery
1983 Gutmann G. Verletzungen Practitioner: Physician SPASTIC TETRAPLEGIA
der arteria vertebralis durch
manuelle therapie. Patient: female age 25.
Manuelle Medizin 1983; 21: Vertebral artery
2-14. insufficiency.
1983 Gutmann G. Verletzungen Naturopath BLINDNESS THEN SEVERE
der arteria vertebralis durch TUNNEL VISION.
manuelle therapie. Male age unknown
Manuelle Medizin 1983; 21: Vertebral artery
2-14. thrombosis.
1983 Gutmann G. Verletzungen Naturopath VERTIGO. NAUSEA.
der arteria vertebralis durch VOMITING
manuelle therapie. Male age 36
Manuelle Medizin 1983; 21: cerebellar ischemia
2-14.
1983 Gutmann G. Verletzungen Practitioner: Physician BRAINSTEM ISCHAEMIA
der arteria vertebralis durch
manuelle therapie. Male. Age unknown.
Manuelle Medizin 1983; 21:
2-14.
1983 Gutmann G. Verletzungen Practitioner: Physician VISUAL DISTURBANCES.
der arteria vertebralis durch MEMORY PROBLEMS.
manuelle therapie. Manuelle Patient: female age 36
Medizin 1983; 21: 2-14.
Vertebral artery
insufficiency.
1983 Gutmann G. Verletzungen Practitioner: Physician VERTEBRAL ARTERY
der arteria vertebralis durch SPASM.
manuelle Patient: female. Young
age
therapie. Manuelle Medizin
1983; 21: 2-14.
1983 Braun IF, Pinto RS, DeFilipp Practitioner: PONS INFARCTION
GJ et al. Southern Med J Chiropractor
1983; 76 (9): 1199-1201
Male age 47
Brain stem infarction due
to chiropractic
manipulation of the
cervical spine.
1983 Horn SW. Practitioner: TETRAPLEGIC MUTE. CAN
Chiropractor ONLY COMMUNICATE BY
Annals Emergency EYE BLINKING.
Medicine 1983; 12 (10): 648- Male age 34
50.
The Locked-In syndrome
following chiropractic
manipulation of
the cervical spine
1983 Pamela F, Beaugerie L, Practitioner: Unknown DEATH six weeks later.
Couturier M et al. Syndrome
de d Patient: female age 52.
differentiation motrice par Basilar artery
thrombose du tronc basilaire thrombosis. Locked in
apres manipulation syndrome.
vertebrale.
Presse Medicale 1983; 12
(24): 1548.
1983 Ali Cherif A, Delpuech F, Practitioner: DEATH after 11 days of
Habib M, Salamon G, Khalil Chiropractor coma.
R. Thrombose vertebro-
basilaire apres manipulation Male age 51
du rachis cervical. A propos
de deux Basilar artery
thrombosis.
cas. Annales de Medecine
Physique 1983; 25: 459-65.
1983 Ali Cherif A, Delpuech F, Practitioner: Unknown VARIOUS
Habib M, Salamon G, Khalil NEUROLOGICAL
R. Thrombose vertebro- Male age 65 DEFICITS.
basilaire apres manipulation
du rachis cervical. A propos vertebral artery
de deux thrombosis.
cas. Annales de Medecine
Physique 1983; 25: 459-65.
1984 Cellerier P, Georget AM. Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Dissection des arteres Chiropractor SYNDROME
vertebrales apres
Male age 35
manipulation du rachis
cervical. A propos d'un cas. Dissections of the
vertebral artery.
J Radio1 1984; 65 (3): 191-6.
1984 Daneshmend TK, Hewer RL, Osteopath RESIDUAL PALSY
Bradshaw JR. Acute brain
stem stroke during neck Male age 31
manipulation.
Acute brainstem and
Br Med J 1984; 288: 189. cerebellar infarction.
1984 Fritz VU, Maloon A, Tuch P. Osteopath ATAXIA. NAUSEA. RIGHT
Neck manipulation causing ARM WEAKNESS.
stroke. South Patient: female age 60
African Med J 1984; 66:
844-6.
1984 Fritz VU, Maloon A, Tuch P. Practitioner: PONTINE BRAINSTEM
Neck manipulation causing Chiropractor INFARCT.
stroke.
Patient: female age 31
South African Medical
Journal 1984; 66: 844-6.
1984 Fritz VU, Maloon A, Tuch P. Practitioner: HEMIPARESIS. DIZZY
Neck manipulation causing Physiotherapist SPELLS.
stroke. South African
Medical Journal 1984; 66: Male 63
844-6.
Brainstem infarct.
1984 Lindy DR. Osteopath RECOVERED?
Patient collapse following Male age 43
cervical manipulation: A
vertebral artery
case report.
Br Osteopathic J 1984; 16
(2): 84-5.
1984 Nielsen AA. Practitioner: DEATH ABOUT 3 HOURS
Chiropractor AFTER NECK
Cerebrovaskulaere insulter MANIPULATION.
forarsaget af manipulation af Male age 34
columna cervicalis. Dissecting aneurysm of
the vertebral artery
Ugeskr Lager 1984 (22 Oct);
3267-70.
1984 Nielsen AA. Practitioner: Physician RESIDUAL
Cerebrovaskulaere insulter NEUROLOGICAL
forarsaget af manipulation af Patient: female age 41 DEFICITS.
columna cervicalis.
vertebral artery
Ugeskr Lager 1984 (22 Oct);
3267-70.
1984 Zak SM, Carmody RF. Practitioner: DEATH 27 days after neck
Cerebellar infarction from Chiropractor manipulation.
chiropractic neck
manipulation: Case report Male age 53
and review of the literature.
posterior inferior and
Arizona Medical 1984; 41 superior cerebellar artery
thrombosis.
(5): 333-7.
1985 Bayerl JR, Buchmuller HR, Practitioner: Physician VOMITING. DOUBLE
Pohlmann-Eden B. VISION. SPEECH DEFECTS.
Nebenwirkungen und Male age 32.
Kontraindikationen der
manuellen therapie im
bereich der halswirbelsaule.
Nervenarzt 1985; 56 (4):
194-9.
1985 Bayerl JR, Buchmuller HR, Practitioner: BLURRED VISION
Pohlmann-Eden B. Physiotherapist
Nebenwirkungen und
Patient: female age 33
Kontraindikationen der
manuellen therapie im
bereich der halswirbelsaule.
Nervenarzt 1985; 56 (4):
194-9.
1985 Bayerl JR, Buchmuller HR, Practitioner: Unknown NYSTAGMUS. SHORT
Pohlmann-Eden B. TERM BLINDNESS.
Nebenwirkungen und Patient: female age 33
Kontraindikationen der
manuellen therapie im
bereich der halswirbelsaule.
Nervenarzt 1985; 56 (4):
194-9.
1985 Bayerl JR, Buchmuller HR, Practitioner: Physician VISUAL AND SPEECH
Pohlmann-Eden B. DEFICITS.
Nebenwirkungen und Patient: female age 43
Kontraindikationen der
manuellen therapie im
bereich der halswirbelsaule.
Nervenarzt 1985; 56 (4):
194-9.
1985 Bayerl JR, Buchmuller HR, Practitioner: Physician NAUSEA
Pohlmann-Eden B.
Nebenwirkungen und Patient: female age 27
Kontraindikationen der
manuellen therapie im
bereich der halswirbelsaule.
Nervenarzt 1985; 56 (4):
194-9.
1985 Katirji MB, Reinmuth OM, Practitioner: Unknown ATAXIA. HYPALGESIA.
Latchaw RE. Patient: female age 26
Arch Neurol 1985; 42: 242- Stroke due to vertebral
8. artery injury.
1985 Katirji MB, Reinmuth OM, Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Latchaw RE Chiropractor SYNDROME
Arch Neurol 1985; 42: 242- Male age 51
8.
Stroke due to vertebral
artery injury.
1985 Modde PJ. Chiropractic Practitioner: SLURRED SPEECH.
Malpractice. Columbia, Chiropractor FACIAL PARALYSIS.
Maryland: Hanrow Press
Patient: female age 32
1985: 269-70, 273-5, 311-8,
322-3, 329-31, 334-7.
1985 Modde PJ. Chiropractic Practitioner: BRAINSTEM INFARCTION.
Malpractice. Columbia, Chiropractor VERTIGO
Maryland: Hanrow Press
Male age 41
1985: 269-70, 273-5, 311-8,
322-3, 329-31, 334-7.
1985 Modde PJ. Chiropractic Practitioner: PROGRESSIVE
Malpractice. Columbia, Chiropractor PARALYSIS. VISUAL
Maryland: Hanrow Press DEFECTS.
Patient: female age 29
1985: 269-70, 273-5, 311-8,
322-3, 329-31, 334-7. Immediate following
neck manipulation,
headaches, dizziness.
1985 Modde PJ. Chiropractic Practitioner: BRAINSTEM STROKE.
Malpractice. Columbia, Chiropractor DIZZY SPELLS.
Maryland: Hanrow Press
Male age 31
1985: 269-70, 273-5, 311-8,
322-3, 329-31, 334-7. Nausea. Unable to stand
1985 Modde PJ. Chiropractic Practitioner: DEATH 24 hours after neck
Malpractice. Columbia, Chiropractor manipulation.
Maryland: Hanrow Press
Patient: female age 26
1985: 269-70, 273-5, 311-8,
322-3, 329-31, 334-7. Left vertebral artery
thrombosis and moderate
right vertebral artery
thrombosis.
1985 Dvorak J, Orelli F. Practitioner: TRANSIENT
Chiropractor TETRAPLEGIA.
Med 1982; 71: 64-9. .
Patient: female age 35.
Manual Med 1985; 2: 1-4.
Loss of consciousness.
1986 Brownson RJ, Zollinger WK, Osteopath SENSORINEURAL
Madiera T, Fell D. Sudden HEARING LOSS
sensorineural Patient: female age 29
hearing loss following brainstem ischemia.
manipulation of the cervical
spine. Laryngoscope
1986; 96 (2): 166-70.
1986 Brownson RJ, Zollinger WK, Practitioner: SENSORINEURAL
Madiera T, Fell D. Sudden Chiropractor HEARING LOSS
sensorineural
Male age 45
hearing loss following
manipulation of the cervical brainstem ischemia.
spine. Laryngoscope
1986; 96 (2): 166-70.
1986 Brownson RJ, Zollinger WK, Practitioner:
Madiera T, Fell D. Sudden Chiropractor
sensorineural
Male age 45
hearing loss following
manipulation of the cervical
spine. Laryngoscope brainstem ischemia.
1986; 96 (2): 166-70.
1986 Miglets AS. Discussion IN: Practitioner: Physician HEARING LOSS.
Brownson RJ, Zollinger WK,
Madiera T, Fell Patient: female age 26
D. Sudden sensorineural brainstem ischemia.
hearing loss following
manipulatin of the cervical
spine. Laryngoscope 1986;
96 (2): 166.70.
1986 Gittinger JW. Occipital Practitioner: HOMONYMOUS
infarction following Chiropractor HEMIANOPIA.
chiropractic cervical
Male age 44
manipulation. J Clinical
Neuro Ophthalmology 1986;
6 (1): 11-13.
1987 Terrett AGJ. Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Chiropractor SYNDROME
REPORT ON 107 CASES
Male age 42
Vascular accidents from
cervical spine manipulation: Action against
chiropractor: Blood flow
J Aust Chiro Assoc 1987; 17 to brain disturbed says
(1): 15-24. expert.
Visit to chiropractor
ended working life.
Patient wins claim
against chiropractor.
Border Morning Mail (
Albury, Australia) 24
Nov 1983.
1987 Terrett AGJ. Practitioner: WALLENBERG
Chiropractor SYNDROME
REPORT ON 107 CASES
Patient: female 29
Vascular accidents from
cervical spine manipulation: Dissection of the
vertebral artery.
J Aust Chiro Assoc 1987; 17
(1): 15-24.
1987 Terrett AGJ. Practitioner: Physician DEATH 3 days after neck
manipulation.
REPORT ON 107 CASES Male age 43
Vascular accidents from brainstem and cerebellar
cervical spine manipulation: infarction.
J Aust Chiro Assoc 1987; 17
(1): 15-24.
1987 Terrett AGJ. Practitioner: Physician DEATH 3 days after neck
manipulation.
REPORT ON 107 CASES Male age 31
Vascular accidents from vertebrobasilar
cervical spine manipulation: thrombosis.
J Aust Chiro Assoc 1987; 17
(1): 15-24.
1987 Bolton SP. Vascular Osteopath DEATH 18 hours after neck
accidents. J Aust Chiro manipulation.
Assoc 1987; 17 (2): 75. Male age 39
Cerebellopontine
infarction following
bilateral dissection of the
vertebral arteries.
1987 Fast A, Zinicola DF, Marin Practitioner: NEUROLOGICAL
EL. Vertebral artery damage Chiropractor MODERATE DEFICITS.
complicating
Patient: female age 27
cervical manipulation. Spine
1987; 12 (9): 840-2. Subintimal tear of the
left vertebral artery.
1987 Jentzen JM, Amatuzio J, Practitioner: DEATH Important example of
Peterson GF Chiropractor how anomalies can cause
death. No way to know
Complication of cervical Male age 51 beforehand.
manipulation:
A case report of fatal
J Forensic Science 1987; 32 brainstem infarct with
(4): 1089-94. review of the Hypoplastic left vertebral
mechanisms and artery. Adventitial hemorrhage
predisposing factors. of the extra-cranial segment o
the right vertebral artery
Symptoms 30 minutes
after manipulation
51 male
1987 Sherman MR, Smialek JE, Practitioner: DEATH 52 hours after neck
Zane WE. Chiropractor manipulation.
(M.P.)
Archives of Pathology and 37male NOTE: Patient was a regular
Laboratory Medicine. chiropractic visitor. He had
111:851-853(9)1987 Pathogenesis of vertebral asymmetrical vertebral
artery Occlusion arteries. He had old and recent
following cervical spine dissections C-1-2. He had no
manipulation. knowledge that he already had
old dissections in his arteries.
1987 Povlsen UJ, Kjaer L,Arlien- Practitioner: LOCKED IN SYNDROME.
Soborg P. Locked-In Chiropractor TETRAPLEGIC.
syndrome following cervical
manipulation. Patient: female age 36
Acta Neurol Scand 1987; 76 Infarction of the pons.
(6): 486-8.
1987 Carmody E. Buckley P. Practitioner: Unknown NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS
Hutchison M.
Male age 38
Irish Medical Journal. 1987:
80(9): 259-60 Basilar artery occlusions
following neck
manipulation.
1987 Bell versus Griffiths. Hunter Osteopath BLIND. LOCKED IN
J (Judl- ent). Supreme SYNDROME.
Court, Common Law Male age 32
Division.,SydneN,: 14 Sep
1994
1987 Mas JL, Bousser Practitioner: Unknown RECOVERED?
MG, Hasboun D, Laplane D.
Extracranial vertebral artery Patient: female age 27
dissections.
Thrombosis of right
A REVIEW OF 13 CASES. vertebral artery
Stroke 1987; 18 (6): 1037-48
1987 Mas JL, Bousser Practitioner: Unknown RECOVERED?
MG, Hasboun D, Laplane D.
Extracranial vertebral artery Patient: female age 47
dissections.
Thrombosis of left
A REVIEW OF 13 CASES. vertebral artery.
Stroke 1987; 18 (6): 1037-48
1987 Chen TW, Chen Muscle therapist. RECOVERED?
ST Brainstem stroke induced
bN chiro practic neck Male age 28
manipulation - a case report.
Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Chih
(Chinese Medical journal)
198-1; 40 (6) 557-(i2.
1987 Dunne DW, Conacher GN, Naturopath DEATH 3 days after.
Khangure M.
M.P. Male age 43 There was “a possible old
Journal of Neurology, small” dissection of the extra-
Neurosurgery and Bilateral dissection of cranial artery. Another
Psychiatry. 50:349-353. 1987 the extra-cranial example where existing
vertebral arteries. dissections are not known to
Brainstem infarction the patient.
1987 FAMILY STATEMENT Practitioner: DEATH after several months
Chiropractor in coma.
neck911 ONTARIO
data Patient: female age 30-
CANADA 34
Bilateral carotid artery
dissection.
1988 Murthy JMK, Naidu KV. Barber NEUROLOGICAL
Aneurysm of the cervical DEFICITS.
internal carotid artery Male age 40 years.
following chiropractic Aneurysm of the left
manipulation. Neurol internal carotid artery.
Neurosurg Psychiatri, 1988:
51 (9): 1237-8.
1988 Phillips SJ,
Maloney WJ. Gray J.
Pure motor stroke due
vertebral artery dissection.
Can Journal Neurological
Science 1989; 16 (3 348-51.
1989 Ponge T, Cottin S,
Ponge
.Accident vasculaire
vert6bro-basilaire apres
manipulation du rachis
cervical.
Rev Rhum 1989; 56 (7):545-
8.
1989 Mas JL, Henin D, 35 Patient: female DEATH after 16 hours. Recent
Bousser MG, Chain F. Hauw comatose within 15 superimposed on old
neck911 JJ minutes dissection of the extracranial
segment of the right vertebral
Dissecting aneurysm of the artery. (You can have an old
vertebral artery. dissection and never know it.
Neurology 1989; 39: 512-
515, 1989.
1989 Levine SR, Quint Practitioner: Unknown SROKE. RECOVERED?
DJ, Pressin MS, Boulos
RS,Welch Male age 36
Intramural clot in the infarction in superior
vertebrobasilar cerebellar artery
circulation: Clinical territory.
and radiologic features.
Neurology. 1989 (Apr)
39: 515-22.
1990 TerrettAGJ. Osteopath SEVERE NEUROLOGICAL
DEFICITS.
J New Zealand Register of Male age 31 years.
Osteopaths I 990; 4: 42-5.
Vertebral artery
thrombosis.
1990 TerrettAGJ. Osteopath SEVERE NEUROLOGICAL
DEFICITS.
J New Zealand Register of Male. Age unknown.
Osteopaths I 990; 4: 42-5.
Thrombosis left posterior
cerebral artery
1990 Frumkin LR, Baloh Practitioner: WALLENBERG
RW. Wallenberg's syndrome Chiropractor SYNDROME
following neck
manipulation. Neurology Patient: female age 40
1990; 40 (4):611-5. years
1990 Frumkin LR, Baloh Practitioner: WALLENBERG
RW. Wallenberg's syndrome Chiropractor SYNDROME
following neck
manipulation. Neurology Male age 33 years
1990; 40 (4):611-5.
1990 Frumkin LR, Baloh Practitioner: WALLENBERG
RW. Wallenberg's syndrome Chiropractor SYNDROME
following neck
manipulation. Neurology Patient: female age 40
1990; 40 (4):611-5.
1990 Frumkin LR, Baloh Practitioner: WALLENBERG
RW. Wallenberg's syndrome Chiropractor SYNDROME
following neck
manipulation. Neurology Male age 28
1990; 40 (4):611-5.
1990 Raskind R, North Practitioner: DEATH
CM. Chiropractor
Vertebral artery injuries Patient: female age 43
following chiropractic
cervical spine manipulation. cerebellar hemmorhage
Angiology 1990; 41 (6):445-
52.
1990 Raskind R, North Practitioner: NEUROLOGICAL
CM. Chiropractor DEFICITS.
Vertebral artery injuries Male age 42
following chiropractic
cervical spine manipulation. subintimal tear of the left
vertebral artery.
Angiology 1990; 41 (6):445- Abnormal right vertebral
52. artery as well.
1990 Raskind R, North Practitioner: BRAINSTEM.
CM. Chiropractor NEUROLOGICAL
DEFICITS.
Vertebral artery injuries Patient: female age 40
following chiropractic
cervical spine manipulation. bilateral subintimal
dissection.
Angiology 1990; 41 (6):445-
52.
1990 Krieger D, Leibold M, Practitioner: LOCKED IN SYNDROME.
Bruckmann H. Chiropractor
SOME RESOLUTION.
Dissektionen der Patient: female age 37
years
arteria vertebralis nach
zervikalen chiropraktischen
manipulationen.
Deutsche Med Wochenschr
1990; 115 (15):580-3
1990 Krieger D, Leibold M, Practitioner: Unknown HEMIPARESIS.
Bruckmann H.
Patient: female age 39
Dissektionen der
Bilateral vertebral artery
arteria vertebralis nach dissections. Basilar
zervikalen chiropraktischen artery embolism
manipulationen.
Deutsche Med Wochenschr
1990; 115 (15):580-3
1990 Maln J, Olsson T, Fagerlund Practitioner: Unknown UNKNOWN
Cervikal manipulation Male age 28
kan ge hjarninfarkt. Thalamus infarct in the
Lakartidningen 1990 (Nov area of the basilar artery
14); 87 (46):3877-9
1990 Maln J, Olsson T, Fagerlund Practitioner: Unknown RIGHT HEMIANOPIA
Cervikal manipulation Patient: female age 27
kan ge hjarninfarkt. Occipital lobe infarction
Lakartidningen 1990 (Nov
14); 87 (46):3877-9
1991 Frisoni GB.Anzola Practitioner: Physician BRAINSTEM AND
GP CEREBELLAR
Male age 41 NEUROLOGICAL
Vertebrobasilar ischaemia DEFECTS.
after neck motion.
Stroke 1991; 22 (11):1452-
60
1991 Frisoni GB.Anzola Practitioner: NEUROLOGICAL
GP Physiotherapist DEFICITS.
Vertebrobasilar ischaemia Patient: female age 39
after neck motion.
Vertebral artery
Stroke 1991; 22 (11):1452- dissection at C-1
60
1991 Frisoni GB.Anzola Practitioner: CEREBELLAR
GP Physiotherapist HEMORRHAGE.
Vertebrobasilar ischaemia Patient: female age 49
after neck motion.
Stroke 1991; 22 (11):1452-
60
1991 Rothrock JF, Self MILD STROKE.
Hesselink JR, TeacherTM.
Vertebral artery occlusion Male age 35
and stroke from cervical self
manipulation. Left vertebral artery
thrombosis.
Neurology 1991; 41
(10):1696-7.
1991 Cook JW, Sanstead Self RESIDUAL
JK. Wallenberg syndrome NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT.
following self induced Patient: female age 35
manipulation. Neurology
199 1; 41 (IO): 1695-6. Right inferior
cerebellum, right lateral
medulla, right cerebellar
peduncle.
1991 Braune Hj, Mutik MH, Practitioner: Physician MODERATE
Huffmann G. Hirninfarkt im NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT.
stromgebiet der arteria Male age 59
cerebri media nach
chirotherapie der Right middle cerebral
balswirbelsdule. artery
Deutsche Med Wochenschr
199 1; 116 (27):1047-50.
1991 Nakamura CT, Lau JM, Polk Practitioner: MILD NEUROLOGICAL
NO, Popper JS. Chiropractor DEFICITS.
Vertebral artery dissection Patient: female age 34
caused by chiropractic
manipulation. vertebral artery
dissection.
Journal Vascular Surgery
1991; 14 (1):1224.
1991 Weinstein SM, Practitioner: NEUROLOGICAL
Cantu RC. Cerebral stroke Chiropractor DEFICITS.
in a semi-pro football player.
A case report. Med Sci Male age 29
Sports Exerc 1991; 23
(10):1119-21. thrombosis vertebral
artery
1991 Saltzberg v Practitioner: Physician PERMANENT
Hawkins. Los Angeles NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT.
County Superior Court Case Patient: female age 31
No. 697925. Kakita J and
jury. Judgement 13 Nov bilateral dissection, left
1991. $1.3 million award and right vertebral
against MD. arteries.
1992 Sullivan EC. Brain Practitioner: DEATH eight hours after neck
stem stroke syndromes from Chiropractor manipulation.
cervical adjustments: Report
on five cases. Patient: female age 41
Journal Chiropractic
Research & Clinical
investigation 1992; 8 (1): 12-
16.
1992 Sullivan EC. Brain Practitioner: BRAINSTEM AND
stem stroke syndromes from Chiropractor CEREBELLAR
cervical adjustments: Report INFARCTION
on five cases. Male age 44
Journal Chiropractic left vertebral artery.
Research & Clinical
investigation 1992; 8 (1): 12-
16.
1992 Sullivan EC. Brain Practitioner: WALLENBERG
stem stroke syndromes from Chiropractor SYNDROME THALAMUS
cervical adjustments: Report INFARCT
on five cases. Patient: female age 41
Journal Chiropractic
Research & Clinical
investigation 1992; 8 (1): 12-
16.
1992 Sullivan EC. Brain Practitioner: BRAINSTEM STROKE.
stem stroke syndromes from Chiropractor
cervical adjustments: Report
on five cases. Male age 36 years
Journal Chiropractic
Research & Clinical
investigation 1992; 8 (1): 12-
16.
1992 Shafir. J. Pediatrics 1992; Practitioner: QUADRIPLEGIA
120:226-9 Chiropractor
Male infant.
rupture of spinal cord
astrocytoma.
1992 Sullivan EC. Brain Practitioner: NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS
stem stroke syndromes from Chiropractor
cervical adjustments: Report
on five cases. Patient: female age 37
Journal Chiropractic Subintimal dissection of
Research & Clinical the right vertebral artery.
investigation 1992; 8 (1): 12-
16.
1992 McCarty Sue Ky. Practitioner: HEMIPLEGIC
Chiropractor
neck911
case file Patient: female age 39
Bilateral vertebral artery
dissection.
1992 Friedman DP, Flanders AE. Practitioner: NEUROLOGICAL
Unusual dissection of the Chiropractor DEFICITS.
proximal vertebral artery:
Description of three cases. Male age 35
Am J Neuro-radiology 1992
(Jan/Feb); 13:283-6. Dissection of both
vertebral arteries with
cerebellar infarction.
1992 Kponkton A, Hamonet C, Practitioner: Unknown TETRAPLEGIA.
Montagne A, Devaifty JP.
Complications de la Patient: female age 29
manipulation cervicate. Une years
observation de'locked-in
syndrome." Presse Med
1992; 21: 2050-2.
1993 Johnson DW. Self LEFT FACIAL PARESIS
Cervical self-manipulation Male age 26
and stroke.
Vertebral artery spasm
Med J Aust 1993; 158
(4):290.
1993 Hamaan G, Felber S, Lay person NEUROLOGICAL
Cervicocephalic artery DEFICITS.
dissections due to Patient: female age 30
chiropractic manipulations.
Left vertebral artery
Lancet 1993; 341: 764-5. dissection.
1993 Hamaan G, Felber S, Practitioner: Physician NEUROLOGICAL
Cervicocephalic artery DEFICITS.
dissections due to Male age 38
chiropractic manipulations.
Left vertebral artery
Lancet 1993; 341: 764-5. dissection.
1993 Hamaan G, Felber S, Practitioner: Physician NEUROLOGICAL
Cervicocephalic artery DEFICITS.
dissections due to Patient: female age 31
chiropractic manipulations.
Left and right vertebral
Lancet 1993; 341: 764-5. artery dissections
1993 Hamaan G, Felber S, Practitioner: Physician RECOVERED?
Cervicocephalic artery
dissections due to Patient: female age 31
chiropractic manipulations.
Bilateral vertebral artery
Lancet 1993; 341: 764-5. dissection.
1993 Sinel M, Smith D. Practitioner: Unknown QUADRIPARESIS. SPEECH
DEFECT. NYSTAGMUS
Thalamic infarction Patient: female age 32
secondary to cervical
manipulation. intimal tearing of the
vertebral artery
Arch Phys Med
Rehabilitation 1993; 74: 543-
6.
1993 Vibert D, Rohr Le Floch J, Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Gauthier G. Chiropractor
Vertigo as manifestation of Patient: female age 33
vertebral artery dissection
after chiropractic neck Vertebral artery
manipulations Journal Oto- dissection
Rhino-laryngology 1993; 55:
140-2.
1993 Soragna D, Montalbetti L, Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Chiropractic complications Chiropractor
Another case report.
Male age 34
Acta Neurol (Napoli) 1993
(Apr); 15 (2):145-50. cerebellar infarction.
1993 Braus DF, Mainka R. Practitioner: Unknown WALLENBERG
Schlaganfall nach manueller SYNDROME
Patient: female age 26
therapie: Rationale
diagnostik. Manual Medizin
1993; 31:92-6.
1993 Braus DF, Mainka R. Practitioner: Physician VISUAL DEFECITS. ARM
Schlaganfall nach manueller PARESIS.
Male age 60
therapie: Rationale
diagnostik. Manual Medizin
1993; 31:92-6.
1993 Sturzenegger M. Practitioner: Physician WALLEMBERG
SYNDROME
Dissektion der arteria Male age 41
vertebralis nach DOUBLE VISION. ATAXIA
manipulation der
halswirbelsiiule.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr
1993 (Jul 13); 123 (27-
28):1389-99.
1993 Frazier Tina California Practitioner: DOUBLE VISION
Chiropractor
Neck911
case file Patient: female age 36
Brainstem stroke
1993 Sturzenegger M. Practitioner: Physician WALLENBERG
SYNDROME.
Dissektion der arteria Male age 40
vertebralis nach
manipulation der
halswirbelsiiule.
Schweiz Med Wochenschr
1993 (Jul 13); 123 (27-
28):1389-99.
1993 Badenbaugh K. Practitioner: DEATH
Chiropractor
Neck911
case file Age 24
Vertebral artery
dissection. Brain stem
infarction.
1993 Michaeli A. Practitioner: APHASIA. STROKE.
Physiotherapist.
Reported occurrence and
nature of complications Male age 75.
following manipulative
physiotherapy in South
Africa.
Aust Physio 1993 (Dec); 39
(4): 309-15.
1993 Blazer Art. California Practitioner: QUADRAPLEGIC
Chiropractor
Neck911
case file Male age 39
1994 Carmichael JR Practitioner: SHORT TERM MEMORY
Chiropractor LOSS.
Transient global amnesia
following rotational Patient: female age 29
manipulation of the upper
cervical spine. Proceedings of the 1994
international Conference
On Spinal Manipulation.
Foundation for
Chiropractic Education
and Research,
1994 Murase S, Ohe N, Self THROMBUS OF
Nokura H. Vertebral artery VERTEBRAL ARTERIES.
injury following mild neck Male 23
trauma: No Shinkei Geka
1994; 22 (7):671-6.
1994 Bridges R. Practitioner: QUADRAPLEGIC. LOCKED
Chiropractor IN SYNDROME.
Trial or settlement.
Circumstances that prompt 26 Patient: female.
the decision.
J Chiropr 1994; 31 (I I): 44-
7.
1994 Lofberg M, Practitioner: Unknown SEVERE NEUROLOGICAL
Hurskainen K, Dissection of DEFICITS.
a vertebral artery as a Male age 35
complication of neck
manipulation. vertebral artery stenosis.
Duodecim 1994:110
(12):1155-9.
1994 Teasell RW, MarchukY Practitioner: NEUROLOGICAL
Chiropractor DEFICITS.
Vertebro-basilar artery,
stroke as a complication of Patient: female age 32
cervical manipulation.
Critical Reviews in Physical Bilateral vertebral artery
& Rehabilitation Medicine dissections.
1994; 6(1):121-9.
1994 R.D. Ontario Practitioner: QUADRAPLEGIC
Chiropractor
neck911 CANADA
data Patient: female age 30
1995 Rosa A, Klein J, Practitioner: Unknown DEATH 1 month later.
Penisson-Besnier I, Dubas E
Male age 48.
Hematome cerebelleux apres
manipulations cervicales Left cerebral bleed.
chez on homnie de 48 ans.
Rev Neurol (Paris) 1995; 151
(12): 739-43.
1995 Autopsy report Practitioner: DEATH
Chiropractor
QUEBEC Shows the importance of
Patient: female age 30- underlying left vertebral PICA
CANADA 35 termination.
Thrombosis of right
vertebral artery.
Dissection. Abnormal
left vertebral artery.
1995 Soper JR, Parker Practitioner: Physician NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT.
GD, Hallman JM.
Patient: female age 26
Vertebral artery dissection
diagnosed with CT. Bilateral vertebral artery
dissection.
Am J Neuroradiol 1995
(Apr); 16 (4 Suppl): 95 2-4.
1995 Wang JL, Lin JJ Practitioner: CEREBELLAR ATAXIA.
Chiropractor
Vertebral artery dissection
complicated by cervical Male age 32
manipulation: A case report.
Chung Hua I Hsueh Tsa Right vertebral artery
Chih (Taipei) 1995 (Jun); 55 dissection.
(6):496-500.
1995 Peters M, Bohl J,Thonike I, Practitioner: DEATH 3 months later.
Dissection of the internal Chiropractor
carotid artery after
chiropractic manipulation of Patient: female age 29
the neck. Neurology 1995;
45: 2284-6. Right hemispheric
infarction.
1995 Sternbach G. Cohen M, Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Goldschntid D. Chiropractor
Vertebral artery injury Patient: female age 32
presenting with signs of
middle cerebral artery Thrombosis C-2 to intra-
occlusions case report. cranial area of vertebral
artery.
Angiology 1995 (Sep); 46
(9): 843-6.
1996 Watanabe M, Practitioner: Unknown RECOVERED?
Murayama T, Mano T
Male age 39
Medial medullary infarction
following neck Lateral medial medulla
manipulation. Rinsho
Shinkeigaku 1996 (Jan); 36
(1):43-6.
1996 AlimiY, Tonolli, DiMauro Practitioner: Unknown NEUROLOGICAL DEFICIT.
P Manipulations.des
vertebres cervicales et Patient: female age 48
traumatisme de l’artere
vertebrale Right vertebral artery
dissection.
J Mal Vase 1996; 21 (5):
320-3.
Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Chiropractor
Male age 48.
Right vertebral artery
dissection.
1996 Yanez GF. Chiropractic Friend STROKE.
complications.
Patient: female age 30.
Neurology 1996 (Mar); 46
(3):884-5, (Discussion 886- Right superior cerebellar
7). infarct.
1996 Deck J. Pollanen M. Practitioner: DEATH sixteen days after
Chiropractor neck manipulation.
Neuropathology Autopsy
report. Lana Dale Lewis, Patient: female age 45 see internet
Ontario. Canada www.canoe.ca/ChiroYork
CORONER’S INQUEST.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, SUMMARY: “Among “Spinal manipulation to the
Rasmussen LR. the respondents the upper neck was about four
reported incidence of times more commonly
Treatment to the upper neck CVI between 1981 and associated with cerebral
and the rate of 1988 was about one for vascular insufficiency than
cerebrovascular incidents. every 120,000 cervical treatment to the lower neck
manipulation treatments.
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 40
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. Vertebral artery spasms.
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: SIMPLE DIZZY SPELLS.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 54
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. dizzy spells
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: POOR BALANCE. DIZZY
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor SPELLS.
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 48
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebral-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: NAUSEA. DIZZY SPELLS.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 53
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: NAUSEA. POOR BALANCE.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Male age 61
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs.
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: RECOVERED.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 74
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: LOSS OF
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor CONSCIOUSNESS. VISUAL
PROBLEMS.
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 19
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: LOSS OF
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor CONSCIOUSNESS. VISUAL
PROBLEMS.
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 39
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs.
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: ATAXIA. VISUAL
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor PROBLEMS.
Treatment to the upper neck Male age 20
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents.
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: MILD STROKE SIGNS.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor RECOVERED.
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 30
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents.
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: ATAXIA. FATIGUE.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Male age 40
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Male age 20
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: LOSS OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Male age 10
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: TEMPORARY BLINDNESS
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor IN ONE EYE.
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 44
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: VERTIGO. NAUSEA.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 51
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: SHORT TERM LOSS OF
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor CONSCIOUSNESS.
Treatment to the upper neck Male age 45
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: SHORT TERM LOSS OF
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor CONSCIOUSNESS.
Treatment to the upper neck Male age 22
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. `vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: SHORT TERM LOSS OF
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor CONSCIOUSNESS
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 34
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Klougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: NAUSEA. FAINTING.
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor PALE. COLD.
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 26
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 W.S. Wisconsin Practitioner: PERMANENT VISUAL
Chiropractor DEFECTS
neck911
case file Male age 38
1996? Sparks, Sandy Practitioner: QUADRAPLEGIC
Chiropractor
California
Patient: female under 40
years
1996 Kougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: VERTIGO. CONSTRICTED
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor EYE PUPIL. DIZZY SPELLS.
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 38
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Kougart N, Leboeuf-Yde C, Practitioner: TEMPORRAY LOSS OF
Rasmussen LR. Chiropractor BLADDER CONTROL.
LOSS OF
Treatment to the upper neck Patient: female age 30 CONSCIOUSNESS.
and the rate of
cerebrovascular incidents. vertebro-basilar signs
J. Manip Physiol Ther 1996
(Nov-Dec); 19 (9): 563-9.
1996 Jumper JM Horton JC. Practitioner: RIGHT EYE BLINDNESS.
Central retinal artery Chiropractor
occlusion after manipulation
of the neck by a chiropractor. Male age 87
Amer J Ophthalmologv 1996 Central retinal artery
(Mar): 121 (3):321-2. occlusion
1996 Litigation. Practitioner: STROKE
Chiropractor
neck911 Quebec
data` Patient: female age under
CANADA 40
1996 L. A. Ontario Practitioner: PERMANENT
Chiropractor HEMIPARESIS. THALAMIC
neck911 CANADA INFARCT.
data. Male age 49
Basilar artery
thrombosis.
1996 Schievnik WI, Mokri B. Cervical artery
neck911 Pipegras D. J. Neurology dissections associated
1996;243: with chiropractic
manipulation of the neck
Suppl. 2-S92 abstract.
1996 Garner LP, Case Practitioner: VISUAL DEFECTS
WF. Manipulation and Chiropractor
atherosclerotic emboli to the
eye (Letter). Male age 59
Amer Fam Phvsician 1996 Emboli to left superior
(Jan); 53 (1): 90-1. temporal artery
1997 Mascalchi M, Bianchi MC, Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Mangiafico S et al. Chiropractor
MRI and MR angiography of Male age 35
vertebral artery dissection.
Thalamic and occipital
Neuroradiology 1997 (May); infarcts
39 (5):329-40.
1997 Mascalchi M, Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Bianchi MC, Mangiafico S et Chiropractor
al.
Male age 64
MRI and MR angiography of
vertebral artery dissection. cerebellar and pontine
infarcts
Neuroradiology 1997 (May);
39 (5):329-40.
1997 Showalter W, Practitioner: RECOVERED?
Esekogwu V, Newton KI, Chiropractor
Vertebral artery dissection. Male age 36
Acad Emerg Med 1997 Vertebral artery
(Oct); 4 (10): 991-5. dissection
1997 De Bray JM, Practitioner: Unknown HEMIPLEGIA.
Penisson-Besnier I, Dubas F.
Patient: female age 34
Extracranial vertebrobasilar
dissections: Diagnosis and Vertebral artery
dissection.
prognosis.
J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry 1997; 63: 46-51.
1997 De Bray JM, Penisson- Practitioner: Unknown WALLENBERG
Besnier I, Dubas F. SYNDROME.
Patient: female age 34
Extracranial vertebrobasilar
dissections: Diagnosis and
prognosis.
J Neurol Neurosurg
Psychiatry 1997; 63: 46-51.
1997 PB, Factor JS. Practitioner: Unknown VISUAL FIELD LOSS.
Visual field loss resulting Patient: female age 39
from cervical Donzis
chiropractic manipulation. Infarction of right
inferior occipital lobe.
Am J Opthalmology 1997;
123:851-2.
1997 Simnad VI. Practitioner: OCULOMOTOR PALSY
Chiropractor
Acute onset of painful
ophthalmoplegia following Patient: female age 45
chiropractic manipulation of
the neck. Initial sign of
intracranial aneurvsm.
West J Med 1997; 166: 207-
10.
1997 Terrett AGJ. A case of death Practitioner: Physician DEATH
following vertebrobasilar
stroke (VBS) attributed to Vertebral and basilar
spinal manipulation therapy. artery thrombosis.
The Australian Chiropractor
1997 (Dec); 16-17
1998 Cortazzo JM, Tom Practitioner: RECOVERED?
YB. Vertebral artery Chiropractor
dissection following
chiropractic manipulation. Male age 36
Am J Emerg Med 1998 Left vertebral artery
(Oct); 16 (6):619-20. dissection.
1998 Opeskin K, Burke MP: Practitioner: DEATH 3 days after neck
Vertebral artery trauma. Chiropractor manipulation.
American Journal of
Forensic Medicine and Male age 56
Pathology. 19:1206-217.
1998 Intracranial vertebral
artery dissection with
subarachnoid
neck 911 hemorrhage.
1998 Macaulay. R. Practitioner: DEATH I DAY AFTER
Chiropractor NECK MANIPULATION.
Neuropathologist. Inquest
testimony. Patient: female age 20 INQUEST: LAURIE JEAN
MATHIASON SASKATOON
CANADA CANADA
1998 Opeskin K, Burke MP: Practitioner: DEATH 5 days after neck
Vertebral artery trauma. Chiropractor manipulation.
American Journal of
Forensic Medicine and Male age 28
Pathology. 19:1206-217.
1998 Bilateral extra-cranial
vertebral artery
dissection. Infarctions
posterior cerebral
arteries.
Neck911
1998 Hillier CE, Gross Practitioner: UNKNOWN?
ML. Chiropractor
Sudden onset vomiting and Patient: female age 38
vertigo following
chiropractic neck Vertebral artery and
manipulation. basilar artery thrombosis.
Postgrad Med J 1998 (Sep);
74 (875): 567-8
1998 Neff Scott. D.C. Unwarranted His review of cases
expert examiner.
Cervical he has been
Manipulation involved with as a
www.infojustice.com and death. forensic examiner.
General article.
1999 J.S.W. Virginia Male age 36 SEVERE
NEUROLOGICAL
neck911 vertebral DISABILITY.
file artery
dissection
1999 Parenti G, Oriandi Practitioner: UNKNOWN
G, Bianchi M, Renna M. Chiropractor
Vertebral and carotid artery Patient: female age 50
dissection following
chiropractic cervical left vertebral artery
manipulation. dissection.
Neurosurg Rev 1999 (Oct);
22 (2-3) 127-9.
1999 Rydell N, Raf L. Practitioner: Unknown VISUAL DEFECTS
Spinal manipulation – Patient: female age 50 PARALYSIS.
behandling med stor
komplikationsrisk. left vertebral artery
Lakartidningen 1999 (Aug dissection.
25); 96 (34): 3536-40.
1999 Rydell N, Raf L. Practitioner: APHASIA AND
Chiropractor TETRAPLEGIA.
Spinal manipulation –
behandling med stor Male age 47
komplikationsrisk.
Lakartidningen 1999 (Aug
25); 96 (34): 3536-40.
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown RECOVERED?
Hammers A, Schonle PW,
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 34
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown VERTIGO
Hammers A, Schonle PW,
Bohm KD, Stroke following Male age 40
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown LOCKED IN SYNDROME
Hammers A, Schonle PW, TETRAPLEGIA.
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 27
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown VERTIGO. DIPLOPIA.
Hammers A, Schonle PW, HYPESTHESIA FOR PAIN
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 29 AND TEMPERATURE
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown LEFT HYPESTHESIA.
Hammers A, Schonle PW, ASTHENIA.
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 29
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown RIGHT HEMIPARESIS.
Hammers A, Schonle PW,
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 35
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown PERSISTENT VEGETATIVE
Hammers A, Schonle PW, STATE.
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 31
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown HEMIPLEGIA. ALGESIA.
Hammers A, Schonle PW, DEPRESSION.
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 34
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown RECOVERED?
Hammers A, Schonle PW,
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 35
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Hufnagel A, Practitioner: Unknown DYSARTHRIA.
Hammers A, Schonle PW, DYSPHASIA
Bohm KD, Stroke following Patient: female age 46
chiropractic manipulation of
the cervical spine.
J Neurology 1999 (Aug); 246
(8):683-8
1999 Office of the Medical Practitioner: DEATH
Examiner Chiropractor
neck911
data. San Diego, California. Name Patient: female age 36
W.V.
bilateral dissections of
the vertebral arteries.
2000 Norris JW Beletsky V All cases are A) GENERALLY CAUSED
Sudden neck movement and chiropractic. Specific ATAXIAS AND
CANADA cervical artery dissection. breakdown of age and QUADRIPARESIS.
sex not available
REVIEW OF 21 CASES
A) Vertebral artery
dissections B) GENERALLY CAUSE
HEMIPARESIS. APHASIA
B) Carotid artery
dissections.
2000 Saeed AB Shuaib Discussion of Alberta Study Twenty five
patients. “Sports activity and
A. Vertebral cases due to chiropractic manipulation were
Review artery dissection. chiropractic again predominant
precipitating factors
1989- Canadian neck
1999 Journal of manipulations
CANADA Neurological and other
Sciences. causes.
2000;27:292-296
2000 Whitworth ML. vertebral artery LOSS OF SPEECH
transection
case report
www.whiplash101.com
2001 Jacobi G. Riepert T. Uber Practitioner: DEATH
einen todesfall wahrend der Physiotherapist
physiotherapie nach vojta bei
einem 3 monate alten infant age 3 months
saugling.
bilateral vertebral artery
Klin. Padiatr 2001: 213: 76- dissections.
85
2001 Rothwell DM, Bondy SJ, Patients under the age of
Williams I. Case control 45 with vertebro-basilar
study of chiropractic infarcts are five times
manipulation and stroke. more likely than controls
Stroke 2001 (5) 1054-1060 to have visited a
chiropractor within 1
CANADA week of the event.
2001 J.R.S.M. 2002 March. Vol. Report from Brainstem Stroke. Sub-dural
94 107. neurologists. hematoma.
2001 J R Society Med. 2001 35 cases. These “Concern about neurological
Jun;94(6):314-5, complications following
included 7 cases of
Neurological complications stroke in brainstem Cervical spine manipulation
of cervical spine territory (4 with appears to be justified. A large
manipulation. letter. confirmation of long-term
vertebral artery Prospective study is required
dissection), 2 cases of to determine the scale of the
stroke in carotid hazard”.
territory. Sub-dural
hematoma
2001 Stroke 2001;32:1936-a. More Dural tear 34 year old male.
Complications of Spinal
Manipulation.
Recent years Canadian Stroke Consortium Practitioner: DEATH
data. Pending publication. Chiropractor
ONTARIO CANADA Male over age 80
