AL LAWRENCE holds a B.S. in journalism from Empire State College, an M.S. in criminal justice from Rockefeller College of Public Affairs and Policy and a J.D. from Antioch University. He is Coordinator for Criminal Justice and Emergency Management at Empire State College in Saratoga Springs, New York, a pioneer institution in guided independent study and distance learning. He teaches Courts and the Administration of Justice and a capstone course in criminal justice and homeland security, Protecting America: Cases and Controversies. A former counsel to the New York State Commission on Judicial Conduct and a former newspaper reporter, he is an arbitrator/mediator/evaluator for the United States District Court for the Northern District of New York and instructor in its ADR training program for lawyers. He is a monitor/investigator/mediator for the Albany Citizens’ Police Review Board and a member of the board of directors and the legal committee of the Capital Region Chapter of the New York Civil Liberties Union. He is chair of an advisory panel on homeland security for Thomas Edison State College in Trenton, New Jersey; a member of the Inter-Agency Task Force on Academic Training for the New York State Department of Homeland Security and a member of the Supreme Court Historical Society, the Law and Society Association and the Criminal Justice Educators’ Association of New York State. His article, “Biased Justice: James Clark McReynolds of the Supreme Court of the United States” was published in December 2005 at 30 Journal of Supreme Court History 244. Al.Lawrence@esc.edu