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FA8903-06-R-9991 R002
Appendix D, Attachment 3
UNITED STATES AIR FORCE ACADEMY
REPAIR ROOF SECTIONS A & B
ARNOLD HALL – BUILDING 2302
PROJECT XQPZ 10-0502
SPECIFICATIONS
5 January 2011
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Appendix D, Attachment 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS
00 01 10
DIVISION 00 PROCUREMENT AND CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS
INTRODUCTORY INFORMATION
00 01 01 Project Title Page
00 01 10 Table of Contents
DIVISION 01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
01 00 00 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------6
01 10 00 Summary of Work
01 11 13 Work Covered by Contract Documents
01 14 00 Work Restrictions
01 14 13 Access to Site
01 14 16 Coordination with Occupants
01 14 19 Use of Site
01 18 00 Project Utility Sources
01 30 00 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS --------------------------------------------------------10
01 31 00 Project Management and Coordination
01 31 13 Project Coordination
01 31 16 Multiple Contract Coordination
01 31 19 Project Meetings
01 31 19.13 Preconstruction Meetings
01 31 19.23 Progress Meetings
01 32 00 Construction Progress Documentation
01 32 13 Construction Progress Schedule
01 32 16 Construction Progress Reporting
01 32 19 Submittals Schedule
01 32 26 Construction Daily Logs
01 33 00 Submittal Procedures
01 33 13 Certificates
01 33 16 Field Test Reporting
01 33 23 Shop Drawings, Product Data, and Samples
01 33 26 Source Quality Control Reporting
01 35 00 Special Procedures
01 35 26 Government Safety Requirements
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01 35 43 Environmental Procedures
Overarching Environmental Specifications -----------------------------------------------20
01 35 43.13 Environmental Procedures for Hazardous Materials
Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT) ----------------------------------------------------------31
01 35 53 Security Procedures
01 35 91 Historic Treatment Procedures
01 40 00 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS ---------------------------------------------------------------------40
01 42 00 References
01 42 13 Abbreviations and Acronyms, & Glossary of Roofing Terminology
01 42 19 Reference Standards
01 43 00 Quality Assurance
01 43 23 Installer Qualifications
01 43 36 Field Samples
01 45 00 Quality Control
01 45 16 Field Quality Control Procedures
01 45 16.13 Contractor Quality Control
01 45 23 Testing and Inspecting Services
01 50 00 TEMPORARY FACILITIES AND CONTROLS --------------------------------------------106
01 52 00 Construction Facilities
01 52 13 Field Offices and Sheds
01 52 19 Sanitary Facilities
01 54 00 Construction Aids
01 54 16 Temporary Cranes
01 54 19 Temporary Hoists
01 54 23 Temporary Scaffolding and Platforms
01 55 00 Vehicle Access and Parking
01 55 19 Temporary Parking Areas
01 55 29 Staging Areas
01 56 00 Temporary Barriers and Enclosures
01 56 23 Temporary Barricades and Protection
01 56 26 Temporary Fencing
01 60 00 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS ------------------------------------------------------------------111
01 66 00 Product Storage and Handling Requirements
01 66 13 Product Storage and Handling Requirements for Hazardous Materials
01 70 00 EXECUTION AND CLOSEOUT REQUIREMENTS --------------------------------------112
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01 71 00 EXAMINATION AND PREPARATION
01 71 13 Mobilization
01 71 16 Acceptance of Conditions
01 74 00 CLEANING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
01 74 13 Progress Cleaning
01 74 16 Site Maintenance
01 74 19 Construction Waste Management and Disposal
01 74 23 Final Cleaning
01 76 00 PROTECTING INSTALLED CONSTRUCTION
01 77 00 CLOSEOUT PROCEDURES
01 77 13 Preliminary Closeout Reviews
01 77 16 Final Closeout Review
01 77 19 Closeout Requirements
01 78 00 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS
01 78 23 Operation and Maintenance Data
01 78 36 Warranties
01 78 39 Project Record Documents
01 80 00 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS ---------------------------------------------------------118
01 83 19 Roofing Performance Requirements
DIVISION 05 METALS
05 50 00 METALS: MISCELLANEOUS AND FABRICATIONS ----------------------------------119
05 50 16 Safety Anchors
DIVISION 07 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
07 00 00 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION ----------------------------------------------121
07 01 00 Operation and Maintenance of Thermal and Moisture Protection
07 01 50 Maintenance of Membrane Roofing
07 01 50.23 Roof Removal
07 01 50.61 Roof Re-Coating
07 01 60 Maintenance of Flashing and Sheet Metal
07 01 60.91 Flashing and Sheet Metal Restoration
07 01 90 Maintenance of Joint Protection
07 01 90.81 Joint Sealant Replacement
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07 20 00 GYPSUM BOARD SUBSTRATE AND INSULATION ------------------------------------127
07 22 00 Roof and Deck Substrate Board
07 22 16 Roof Board
07 50 00 MEMBRANE ROOFING -------------------------------------------------------------------------129
07 55 00 Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) ---------------------------------------------------------132
07 54 23 PMMA Roofing
07 62 00 SHEET METAL FLASHINGS AND TRIM----------------------------------------------------161
07 70 00 ROOF AND WALL SPECIALTIES AND ACCESSORIES -------------------------------165
07 71 00 Roof Specialties
07 71 13 Manufactured Copings
07 71 16 Manufactured Counterflashing Systems
07 71 19 Manufactured Gravel Stops and Fascias
07 71 23 Manufactured Gutters and Downspouts
07 71 26 Reglets
07 71 29 Manufactured Roof Expansion Joints
07 71 33 Manufactured Scuppers
DIVISION 26 ELECTRICAL
26 30 00 FACILITY ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING & STORING EQPT -----------169
26 31 00 Photovoltaic Collectors
26 31 10 Photovoltaic Power System Roofing Panels
ATTACHMENTS
ATTACHMENT NO. TITLE
1 Manufacturer‘s Certification
2 Appointment of Quality Controller
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Appendix D, Attachment 3
DIVISION 01 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
01 00 00 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
01 10 00 Summary of Work
01 11 13 Work Covered by Contract Documents
1.1 All work accomplished under this contract shall conform to the specifications and references
in this document and the applicable requirements of the publications listed in section 01 42 19 of
these specifications. If there is a discrepancy between Appendix A, Division 01
Specifications and the following specifications, Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications
takes precedence.
1.1.1 Unless specifically instructed otherwise, all work shall conform to National Roofing
Contractors Association (NRCA) recommendations and specifications in their Roofing and
Waterproofing Manual (5th Edition). The Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC) and the Unified
Facility Guide Specifications (UFGS) shall be used as the standard building code and
specifications for all construction, maintenance, repair, and modification under this contract.
1.1.2 The UFCs and UFGSs can be found in the Whole Building Design Guide (WBDG)
website http://www.wbdg.org/index.php. Any and all changes to the UFCs and UFGSs will
immediately become requirements of this contract.
1.1.3 The UFC references the International Building Code (IBC) 2006 as the basic
requirement. The UFC modifies those basic requirements in UFC 1-200-01. All materials shall
be installed in accordance with manufacturer‘s recommendations and industry acceptable
standards.
1.2 Description of Work: The Contractor shall provide all supervision, labor, materials, and
equipment necessary to complete roofing repairs, maintenance, replacement, and related items
identified as a part of the project.
1.3 The extent and scope of the required repairs will be shown on an individual task order. The
projects and services shall be awarded after the Contractor has performed a site visit and jointly
concurs with the Government as to the method of accomplishment, identification of individual
line items, estimated quantities, and construction performance period.
1.3.1 Project discussions may include, but are not limited to: scope of work, method of
construction, sequence of operations, progress schedule, means of access to project site, delivery
and storage of materials and equipment, work restrictions, coordination requirements, project
goals, liquidated damages, required permits, security and safety requirements, and potential
problems.
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1.4 The Contractor shall possess, and demonstrate/document to the satisfaction of the CO, the
equipment, personnel, knowledge, experience, certifications, and skill to repair and/or install the
following types of roofing systems. The Contract will generally involve these systems but will
not be limited to them:
1.4.1 Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Roofing System.
01 14 00 Work Restrictions
01 14 13 Access to Site
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 14 16 Coordination with Occupants
1.1 Contractor shall coordinate any activities that could be disruptive to the occupants of a
facility with the Construction Manager (CM) prior to conducting the activity.
01 14 19 Use of Site
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 18 00 Project Utility Sources
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
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01 30 00 ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
01 31 00 Project Management and Coordination
01 31 13 Project Coordination
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 31 16 Multiple Contract Coordination
1.1 If the Contractor is working in a facility where there another contractor is performing work,
then the contractors must coordinate activities with each other and the inspector. If necessary, a
coordination meeting involving the contractors, CMs, COR, and 10 CES personnel may be held
to coordinate/schedule all the work activities.
01 31 19 Project Meetings
01 31 19.13 Preconstruction Meetings
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 31 19.23 Progress Meetings
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 32 00 Construction Progress Documentation
01 32 13 Construction Progress Schedule
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 32 16 Construction Progress Reporting
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 32 19 Submittals Schedule
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 32 26 Construction Daily Logs
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 33 00 Submittal Procedures
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
1.1 The contractor will reference items by the Master Submittal Register number on subsequent
for approval. (See Appendix D, Attachment 2, Submittal Register)
1.2 This section contains requirements pertaining to submittals required of the Contractor.
1.2.1 Submittals are required at different phases of the Project. Generally, these submittals
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are as follows:
1.2.1.1 Submittals required after Award: Within 15 days after notification of award, the
Contractor shall provide the following submittals if requested in the SOW:
1.2.1.1.1 Manufacturer‘s product literature for all required roofing systems.
1.2.1.1.2 Manufacturer‘s product literature for related items including but not limited
to fasteners, insulation board, expansion joint assemblies and similar items.
1.2.1.1.3 Manufacturer‘s product literature for other items and materials including
but not limited to prefinished sheet metal.
1.2.1.1.4 Samples: Submit full range of available products where individual
specimens of the material to be installed are required for color match, texture match or similar
items. When pre-finished sheet metal is used on a project or exposed surfaces are to be painted,
the Contractor shall make a color submittal before any materials are purchased. The submittal
shall include actual samples of the metal and color chips of the paint.
1.2.1.2 Environmental Forms and Related Documents: These requirements are listed at
the beginning line items of the Submittal Register.
1.2.1.3 Other Items:
1.2.1.3.1 Roof Drain Function Reports.
1.2.1.3.2 Contractor Reports.
1.2.1.3.3 QC records.
1.2.1.3.4 Hazardous material reports.
1.2.1.4 Submittals required at Completion of the Project:
1.2.1.4.1 Maintenance stock if required in the Project.
1.2.1.4.2 As-built records and Roof Summary including final Roof Drain Function
Report.
1.2.1.4.3 Data for updating "Roofing Data Base.‖
1.2.1.4.4 Submit required manufacturer and contractor‘s written guarantees/
warranties.
1.2.1.5.5 Submit manifest from disposal site for any HW containing roofing
materials or accessory items.
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1.3 TYPE OF SUBMITTALS
1.3.1 The types of submittals required for each particular technical section of this
specification are set forth in that section. In some instances, special instructions for submissions
are given in the pertinent technical section. In case of conflict, those special instructions shall
take precedence over the requirements set forth here.
1.3.1.1 Shop drawings shall consist of drawings prepared specifically for the project
illustrating items to be fabricated for that project. Such drawings shall conform to the
requirements of each section and shall clearly define the size, thickness, configuration, material,
finish, number required and all other pertinent characteristics of each item to be fabricated. In
addition, the drawings shall define the exact location of the item in the work and its relations to
all other affected items.
1.3.1.2 Manufacturer‘s printed data shall consist of printed literature illustrating or
describing manufactured products proposed for use in the proposed project and, if necessary,
shall be accompanied by a written explanation of their relationship in the work. Pages describing
products proposed for use in the project shall be marked to define exactly which product is being
proposed for inclusion. Use black arrows or underline to indicate the specific item being
proposed. The submission should include copies of relevant pages only. Manufacturer's general
catalog, with pages of products unrelated to this project, will not be acceptable.
1.3.1.3 Manufacturer‘s Certificate: The certificate shall state that the products proposed
for use in this project conform to the requirements of this specification, especially those industry
standards or specifications referenced at the beginning of each section. The certificate shall bear
the signature of an officer of the manufacturer and shall state their affiliation with the
manufacturer. (The certificate shall also include the name of the installer and shall state that they
are qualified/trained by the manufacturer to install the proposed product).
1.3.1.4 Guaranties/Warranties: Specific requirements are included in section 01 78 36.
1.3.1.5 As-Built Documents: During the execution of the Task Order, the COR shall
furnish the contractor one set of drawings and specifications to be used exclusively for as-built
purposes. These drawings may range from simple sketches to computer-aided drafting and
design (CADD) drawings. Each change in the work made during construction shall be clearly
marked on the provided documents; and these documents shall be available for inspection by the
COR throughout the construction period. The routing of concealed utility lines, if they vary
from the original drawings, shall be given particular attention. At the completion of
construction, and prior to final payment, these documents shall be submitted to the Contracting
Officer‘s Representative for approval.
1.3.1.5.1 Standards for As-Built Documents:
1.3.1.5.1.1 CADD and Geospatial Information System (GIS) Standards: New work
must be explicitly differentiated from existing as-built conditions on the drawings. The first
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submittal must be reviewed by the 10 CES CAD/GIS department to ensure adherence to the
USAFA Architect-Engineer (A-E)/Construction CAD Standard. GIS digital files will strictly
comply with Spatial Data Standards for Facilities, Infrastructure, and Environment (SDSFIE) to
assign layers or feature class names. Line types, symbols, and colors will not follow SDSFIE at
this date. SDSFIE is available for download from the CADD/GIS Technology Center‘s Internet
website (https://tsc.wes.army.mil). Metadata must conform to the Federal Geographic Data
Committee (FGDC) standards. CADD drawing file names, folder structure, sheet sequence,
layer names, linotypes, colors and symbols (block items) will comply with the USAFA A-E/
Construction CADD Standard.
1.3.1.5.1.1.1 Projects within the foundation of a building and within five feet
outside the foundation shall be provided using AutoCAD. For projects more than five feet
outside a foundation, such as roadway construction, utilities services, and other constructed
features or proposed exterior objects, the contractor will be required to produce GIS deliverables
of all survey data in a geo-database format in addition to the CAD files. For these GIS projects,
building footprints will be geospatially referenced in proper GIS projection and coordinate
system location.
1.3.1.5.1.1.2 All GIS site design projects will be developed using Colorado
(Central) State Plane projection, North American 1983 Datum coordinate system and will use US
survey feet measurements.
1.3.1.5.1.1.3 GIS Features (items outside of building structures) requested by the
Contractor will be provided by the 10 CES CAD/GIS department in a geo-database format only.
If the Contractor prefers to produce these design features in AutoCAD format, it is the
Contractor's responsibility to convert all deliverables into a geo-database format specific to the
use and application of ESRI ArcGIS, including all components and extensions. The ArcGIS
components and extensions shall include, but are not be limited to, ArcGIS, ArcSDE, ArcIMS,
and relational database management system (RDMS) software (e.g., Microsoft Access and
Oracle).
1.3.1.5.1.1.4 The contractor will be required to provide digital products that are
directly accessible by the target GIS without translation, preprocessing, or post processing of the
electronic digital data files.
1.3.1.5.1.1.5 GIS data must not be used as a source of reference to measure base
map features. The Contractor shall utilize survey grade methods and technology to determine
precise locations of proposed features.
1.3.1.5.2 If required for approval, the Contractor shall clarify or change the
documents in accordance with the CO's instruction at no additional cost to the Government.
1.3.1.6 Submittal Consolidation: All of the various types of submittals required to
evaluate a particular system, item, or material, shall be submitted at the same time, including
guaranties/warranties when applicable. When practical, the submission should be bound into
sets to facilitate handling of interrelated items or materials.
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1.4 SUBMITTAL INFORMATION
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 33 13 Certificates
1.1 Any certificate required for demonstrating proof of compliance of materials with
specifications or of training/skill of employees shall be signed by a corporate officer of the
manufacturing company or training entity. Material certificates shall contain the name and
address of the Contractor; location, quantity, item description, and date of shipment and delivery
to which the certificate applies. Training certificates shall contain the name of the individual
receiving the training, dates of training, date the certificate expires, and course/training title.
01 33 16 Field Test Reporting
1.1 Contractor shall perform all tests indicated in the TSOW and required by the COR. Results of
the tests shall be made available to the Government as soon as they are available.
1.2 Testing shall be done by an independent testing company certified to perform the test
specified by the Contract. The original report shall be signed by a company official affirming
accuracy of the test results and submitted to the CO.
01 33 23 Shop Drawings, Product Data, and Samples
1.1 Shop drawings are required for any item or component specifically fabricated for the project.
When tapered insulation is to be used on a project, the Contractor shall make a shop drawing
submittal before any materials are purchased. The submittal shall show plan and section views of
the tapered system in typical locations. Provide duplicate submittals of the specific shop
drawings to the COR.
1.2 Shop drawings shall be in conformance with the requirements of each section and shall
clearly define the size, thickness, configuration, material, finish, number required and all other
pertinent characteristics of each item to be fabricated. In addition, the drawings shall define the
exact location of the item in the work and its relations to all other affected items.
1.3 Manufacturer‘s printed data shall consist of printed literature illustrating or describing
manufactured products proposed for use in this project and, if necessary, shall be accompanied
by a written explanation of their relationship in the work. Pages describing products for use in
this project shall be marked to define exactly which product is being proposed for inclusion in
this project. Use black arrows or underline. The submission should include copies of relevant
pages only.
1.4 Materials and equipment shall be standard products of a manufacturer regularly engaged in
the manufacturing of such products. All products shall be new unless otherwise directed in the
TSOW.
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1.5 Submit full range of available products where individual specimens of the material to be
installed are required for color match, texture match or similar items. When pre-finished sheet
metal is used on a project or exposed surfaces are to be painted, the Contractor shall make a
color submittal before any materials are purchased. The submittal shall include actual samples of
the metal and color chips of the paint.
01 33 26 Source Quality Control Reporting
1.1 When requested in the TSOW, the Contractor shall provide the material manufacturer‘s
quality control procedures and testing for products being supplied and used for the project. The
documentation shall be signed by an official of the manufacturer as to the accuracy of the
information being provided.
01 35 00 Special Procedures
01 35 26 Government Safety Requirements
1.1 WORKPLACE SAFETY
1.1.1 This section contains requirements pertaining to the basic workplace safety to be
followed during the Contract.
1.1.1.1 The Contractor shall submit a safety plan to the Contracting Officer‘s
Representative for approval prior to starting any work related to this Contract. The plan shall
contain an outline of the accident reporting protocol. If unique safety requirements are a concern
on the Project and were not addressed in the safety plan, then the Contractor will be required to
provide a supplement to the safety plan for the COR‘s approval.
1.1.2 The Contractor is to follow applicable OSHA and USAFA safety requirements while
working on Academy Property.
1.1.2.1 At the pre-construction conference, the Contractor shall review the company‘s
safety program and requirements with 10 ABW Safety personnel.
1.1.2.2 The Contractor shall make the NRCA's Pocket Guide to Safety manual available
to each employee and encourage them to read it.
1.1.2.3 Fall protection or monitoring is required for any personnel that are working within
6' of the roof's perimeter (low slope roofs). Warning lines shall be installed at the perimeter of
the roof. Safety railing is required at access, loading and debris removal locations.
1.1.2.4 Hardhats, safety glasses, and steel-toed shoes along with any other Personal
Protective Equipment (PPE) appropriate for the work being performed are required for all
personnel. Employees are required to wear long legged pants (no short allowed).
1.1.2.5 The Contractor will properly train personnel to setup and operate equipment. Only
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trained personnel may operate equipment. Keep equipment in a safe state. This includes ladders
and rooftop access equipment.
1.1.2.6 Contractor will hold weekly safety meetings with personnel. Provide simple
outline minutes to the Contracting Officer‘s Representative with the topics covered in the weekly
safety meeting including the names of employees in attendance. Provide copies of meeting
minutes to Contracting Officer.
1.1.2.7 Provide 15-pound type ABC fire extinguishers at the site of any open flame,
welding, or torching.
1.1.2.8 Protect the public and Academy personnel in the area of work. This includes
warning tape, barricades, and spotters if necessary.
1.1.2.9 Provide Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) to the COR for all of the products
brought onto the base and maintain a copy for employees‘ use. Store all material in an
appropriate and safe manner.
1.1.2.10 Do not temporarily cover holes in decking. If a hole is encountered, the
Contractor will set up barrier and repair the deck as outlined in the specification.
1.1.2.11 On steep roofing surfaces, Contractor shall provide personnel fall restraint
system tied off to a suitable anchor system and provide eave guards consisting of planking and
metal brackets. If required, personnel shall use tie-off (ropes, harnesses, etc.) equipment if the
situation requires its use. This equipment shall be checked at a minimum daily. The tie-off point
for all ropes/cables shall be inspected prior to their use every day. The length of the ropes shall
be adjusted so personnel are stopped before they make contact with any surface.
1.1.2.12 Only personnel that are properly trained shall be allowed to use torches or
perform welding tasks. Never torch to bare wood or insulation. Never torch roof cements or
other solvent-based materials. When a torch is used, wait one hour and check for hot spots in the
area torched. Stop torching and welding operations one hour before leaving the jobsite. Always
have a fire extinguisher at the location of torching and welding work. No torching or welding
shall be permitted before the Contractor has obtained approval from the Base Fire Marshal/Chief
who will prepare an AF Form 592 and issue it to the Contractor. The Contractor shall maintain a
record of all torching and welding operations that will show who performed the task, when the
task was started and stopped, who performed the end of task inspection, and when the inspection
took place. This could be a note on the daily log.
1.1.2.12.1 Welding/Open Flame Permit: An Air Force Form 592, USAF Welding,
Cutting, and Brazing Permit, is required for each task involving welding, brazing, torching
membrane, firing kettles, or gas cutting as per Air Force Occupational Safety and Health
Standard 127-5.
1.1.2.13 Motorized equipment is not allowed on roofs without approval from the
Contracting Officer‘s Representative. Submit description of equipment in writing for approval. If
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approved, only trained personnel shall be allowed to run equipment. Maximum equipment speed
shall be 5 miles per hour. If speed limit infractions or other safety problems are observed,
motorized equipment use approval will be withdrawn.
1.1.2.14 All ladders shall be properly tied off top and bottom at all times to prevent
movement.
1.1.3 Report all accidents to the Contracting Officer‘s Representative as soon as possible.
Shut down the jobsite and all work if unsafe conditions arise. Keep the site shut down until the
problem can be corrected or the crew is properly trained to eliminate the problem.
1.1.4 At the start of the Contract, the Contractor will not be required to have an independent
safety monitor on the roof at all times. If accidents and safety violations repeatedly occur, the
Contracting Officer‘s Representative will notify the Contractor to supply an independent safety
monitor at the project site for all work at no additional cost to the Government. Submit safety
monitor‘s written resume for review if monitor is required. Monitors must be at each jobsite full-
time if monitoring is required.
1.1.5 If the roof involved in the project has an antenna or other communication equipment
installed on it, contact the Construction Manager. Certain safety precautions may be required
around some antenna equipment. This contact will provide information concerning safety
around the antenna site. No coaxial cable shall be cut.
1.1.6 The Contractor shall report promptly (within one hour), by telephone or in person to the
CO and/or CM, all available information relating to any instance of a mishap involving
Government personnel or property. On weekends, holidays, or after normal business hours notify
the installation‘s Security Forces Desk. Note all safety instances on the daily log.
1.1.7 The Contractor shall secure the mishap scene immediately until released by the
investigating safety official or CO. The Contractor, their employees, material suppliers, and sub-
contractors shall provide the Government all information requested in the course of their
investigation of the mishap.
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01 35 43 Environmental Procedures
NOTE: THESE REFERENCES ARE PROVIDED FOR INFORMATION ONLY AND
ARE NOT ALL INCLUSIVE. THE CONTRACTOR IS RESPONSIBLE FOR PERFORMING
THE WORK COVERED BY THE CONTRACT IN COMPLIANCE WITH ALL
APPLICABLE STATE, LOCAL, AND FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS,
REGULATIONS AND OPERATING STANDARDS DURING PERFORMANCE OF WORK
ON US AIR FORCE ACADEMY PROPERTY. THIS INCLUDES AIR FORCE DIRECTIVES
AND INSTRUCTIONS. SOME OR ALL OF THE FOLLOWING SPECIFICATIONS AND
REQUIREMENTS MAY APPLY TO THIS PROJECT. IF THE CONTRACTOR IS IN
DOUBT AS TO WHETHER OR NOT A SECTION APPLIES TO THEIR WORK, THEY
SHOULD SEEK CLARIFICATION THROUGH THE CEV OFFICE.
(START REFERENCES INSERT)
REFERENCES: The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the extent
referenced. The Publications are referred to in the text by the basic designation only.
1.1 United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulations:
1.1.1 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) - 40 Code of Federal Regulation
(CFR) Parts 148, 244, 260, 261, 263, 264, 265, 266, 268, 270, 271, 272, 273, 279, 280, 281, 282,
355 and 745.
1.1.2 Clean Water Act – 40 CFR Parts 112, 122, 123, 124, 125, 129, 130, 131, and 401–
471.
1.1.3 Clean Air Act – 40 CFR Parts 50, 52, 61, 63, 68, 70, 71, 86-89, 745.
1.1.4 EPCRA – SARA Title III Sections 301, 302, 303, 304, 311, 312, and 313.
1.2 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) Regulations:
1.2.1 Hazard Communication – 29 CFR 1910.1200.
1.2.2 Hazardous Waste Operations and Emergency Reponses (HAZWOPER) – 29 CFR
1910.120.
1.2.3 Material Handling – 29 CFR 1910.176.
1.2.4 Toxic and Hazardous Substances – 29 CFR 1910.1030.
1.3 Department of Transportation (DOT) Regulations:
1.3.1 49 CFR Parts 171 – 173.
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1.4 Other Federal Regulations:
1.4.1 National Historic Preservation Act and related Acts.
1.4.2 The American Indian Religious Freedom Act.
1.4.3 Archeological Resources Protection Act.
1.4.4 The Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act.
1.4.5 National Environmental Policy Act.
1.4.6 Endangered Species Act.
1.4.7 Executive Order 13101, Greening the Government through Waste Prevention,
Recycling and federal Acquisition.
1.4.8 Executive Order 13148, Greening the Government through Leadership in
Environmental Management.
1.5 State of Colorado Regulations:
1.5.1 Air Pollution Prevention and Control Act – 5 Code of Colorado Regulation (CCR)
1001 Regulations No. 1 -19
1.5.2 Hazardous Waste Regulations – 6 CCR 1007-3 Parts 260 – 279
1.5.3 Water Quality and Wastewater Regulations – 5 CCR 1002
1.5.4 Tank Regulations – 7 CCR 1101-14
1.5.5 Oil and Petroleum Spill Prevention Regulations – 7 CCR 1101 – 14
1.5.6 Solid Waste Regulations – 6 CCR 1007 – 2
1.5.7 Special Pollutants – 5 CCR 1001 and 6 CCR 1007
1.5.8 Pesticides, Herbicides, and Fungicides – 8 CCR 1203
1.6 EPA, Department of Defense (DoD), United States Army Corps of Engineers (COE), Air
Force Instructions (AFI), Policies, Guidance Documents, Memoranda, USAFA Regulations and
associated guidance documents:
1.6.1 COE document EP 1165-2-314 (Flood Proofing Regulations).
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1.6.2 EPA Document 832-R-92-005, Storm water Management for Construction Activities.
1.6.3 Department of Defense, Measure of Merit, Solid Waste Management.
1.6.4 US Department of Housing and Urban Development Guidelines for Evaluation and
Control of Lead-based Paint Hazards in Housing.
1.6.5 AFI 32-4002, ―Hazardous Material Emergency Planning and Response Program.‖
1.6.6 AFI 32-7042, ―Solid and Hazardous Waste Compliance.‖
1.6.7 AFI 32-7080, ―Pollution Prevention Program.‖
1.6.8 AFI 32-7032, ―Solid and Hazardous Waste Compliance.‖
1.6.9 AFI 32-7086, ―Hazardous Materials Management.‖
1.6.10 USAFA Asbestos Management Strategy.
1.6.11 USAFA Hazardous Waste Management Plan.
1.6.12 USAFA Compliance Assurance through Pollution Prevention Plan.
1.6.13 USAFA Spill Prevention and Response Plan.
1.6.14 USAFA Storm Water Pollution Prevention Plan.
1.6.15 USAFA Storm Water Training Manual.
1.6.16 USAFA Air Quality Management Plan.
1.7 El Paso County Policy Plan.
1.8 City/County Drainage Criteria Manual (City of Colorado Springs/El Paso County,
Colorado) and updated storm intensity curves dated January 7, 2003.
1.9 El Paso County Department of Health Fugitive Dust Regulations.
1.10 El Paso County Individual Sewage Disposal System Regulations.
Copies of these regulations are available on the Internet or from the organizations listed. It is the
responsibility of all Contractors associated with the project to review and understand these
regulations as they apply to the work being performed.
1.1 Overarching Environmental Specification:
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1.1.1 The Overarching Environmental Specifications (Specifications) cover work performed
on property owned or controlled by the US Air Force Academy (USAFA) to design, maintain,
repair, install, or construct facilities or equipment and provide services to the Government.
1.1.2 The Specifications apply to all work supported by appropriated or Non-Appropriated
Funds (NAF).
1.1.3 The Specifications cover environmental compliance requirements for Contractor work
done at the USAFA. Contractor must comply with all state, local, and Federal environmental
laws, regulations and operating standards during performance of work on the Air Force
Academy. This includes Air Force Directives and Instructions. While this document may
reference some of these requirements, it will not include all such requirements and the
Contractor is required to demonstrate an understanding of these requirements as a condition of
award of the contract.
1.1.4 Compliance with the Specifications does not relieve the Contractor or other personnel
from responsibility to comply with all applicable Federal, State, and local laws, regulations, and
operating requirements. Contractor is responsible to pay all fines, penalties and judgments
resulting from work performed on the Air Force Academy that is found in violation and may be
subject to contracting sanctions set forth in the Contract. Contractors will fully indemnify the
Government in the event the Government is required to pay these fines, penalties or judgments
and the Government reserves the right to withhold payment from the Contractor to cover these
expenses.
1.1.5 Contractor shall cooperate with the Government to take corrective action and clean up
required by the Contractor‘s failure to comply with any state, local, and federal environmental
laws, regulations and operating standards during performance of work on the Air Force
Academy. This includes Air Force Directives and Instructions.
1.2 Environmental Permits, Licenses, Certifications, and Training
1.2.1 Prior to work initiation, the Contractor shall obtain, at Contractor‘s expense, all
permits, licenses, certifications, and training required to perform the work stipulated in the
contract TSOW.
1.2.2 The Contractor shall prepare all documentation required, including notices of intent and
permit applications.
1.2.2.1 The Contractor shall sign all permit applications applicable to its activities and
submit them to the Contracting Officer for review and approval by the 10 CES Environmental
Division (CEV).
1.2.2.2 The Contracting Officer‘s Representative will return incorrect or incomplete
documents for correction and re-submittal during the contract administration period.
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1.2.2.3 Re-submittal and re-review time shall not warrant an extension to the
performance period for the contract unless due to Government delay.
1.2.2.4 Once approved, the Government or the Contractor (as identified in the submittal
register) shall submit the documents to the appropriate regulatory agencies.
1.2.2.5 Under no circumstances shall the Contractor directly contact the regulatory
agency concerning environmental issues for which the USAFA may be liable without prior
approval from the Contracting Officer‘s Representative.
1.3 Environmental Baseline Survey (EBS)
1.3.1 The Contracting Officer, or other designated representative, will notify CEV of the
scope of the Contractor‘s work site activities including the facility, material, or required
equipment staging area and request an EBS.
1.3.2 CEV will prepare the EBS by documenting the nature, magnitude, and extent of any
environmental contamination the Government is aware of at the staging and work sites. Any
information the USAFA possesses regarding the staging area or work site, including information
on prior contractors‘ or in-house staff work shall be made available to the Contractor upon
request. An officer of the company with appropriate signatory authority shall certify the firm‘s
receipt of the EBS.
1.3.3 If the Contractor believes the findings of the USAFA EBS are inaccurate or incomplete,
the Contractor may secure an independent EBS at the Contractor‘s expense. If the Contractor
intends to obtain an independent EBS, the Contractor shall notify the Contracting Officer in
writing prior to performing the EBS. The Contractor shall pay for all costs associated with the
preparation of an independent EBS.
1.3.4 The EBS costs are not reimbursable by the Government and are not covered by the
changes clause of the contract. If this study causes a delay in startup, the delay will be at the sole
risk of the Contractor and will not justify an adjustment to the work schedule without the express
prior written approval of the Contacting Officer.
1.3.4.1 Discrepancies between the USAFA EBS and the Contractor EBS shall be
resolved before the Contractor begins any construction activities.
1.3.4.2 The Contractor shall return the staging area, including any other areas damaged
by the Contractor during performance, to its original condition upon completion of the work,
which may require re-vegetation and removal of contamination. The cost of normal restoration
is included as part of the cost of performance identified by line items under the original contract.
Contractor shall not be reimbursed for additional costs due to restoration and cleanup of
contaminates not identified as part of the SOW. The project is not complete until the
Government accepts the staging area and work site as ―restored.‖ The Government shall not
make final payment under the contract until performance is complete, including restoration
required by the contract.
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1.3.4.3 The CEV shall conduct a post-occupancy survey to ensure compliance with this
section of the specifications prior to final invoice by the Contractor. Beneficial occupancy will
not be granted until compliance is achieved.
1.4 Site License
1.4.1 The Contractor shall submit an application for operating permit to the Government to
occupy a staging area as well as the area that will be disturbed during construction on USAFA
property. The request shall specify the size of the actual occupied and disturbed construction
area. The application shall be reviewed by Construction Inspector and signed by the Contracting
Officer prior to starting work on the site.
1.5 PROJECT/SITE CONDITIONS
1.5.1 The work site and the Contractor‘s staging area shall be maintained in a manner
consistent with USAFA standards. The Construction Inspector will determine whether the site
meets USAFA standards. The site shall be kept free of debris that can be wind blown away from
the site and material and equipment shall be kept in a neat and orderly manner. Hazardous
materials are to be properly stored. Material in trash dumpsters shall be covered or otherwise
secured so it doesn‘t become a nuisance on USAFA property.
1.5.2 The application for an operating permit shall include the boundaries of the construction
site and staging area and shall identify the Contractor‘s proposed use of flagging (or fencing) and
signage. Once approved, the Contractor shall comply with the operating permit throughout the
period of performance. Signage must comply with USAFA signage standards; and at a
minimum signage shall include the name of the Contractor and a phone number for emergencies.
2.2 Special Pollutants – Asbestos, PCBs, Lead-Based Paint
2.2.1 Once a project is awarded for repair, maintenance, or construction, the Contractor
shall perform a complete survey of the entire project area in order to determine whether there are
hazards associated with asbestos, PCBs, and/or Lead-based paint (LBP). These surveys shall be
conducted by certified individuals trained in identification of hazardous materials. If hazards are
found that were not part of the original SOW, necessary abatement and disposal procedures shall
be incorporated into contract documents and appropriate changes to the SOW will be made. A
revised cost proposal will be prepared for the project.
2.2.2 The Contractor shall provide certification that all persons or entities under Contractor
control have had awareness training in accordance with OSHA guidance regarding asbestos,
LBP, or PCBs.
2.2.3 The Contractor shall inform the Contracting Officer‘s Representative or in the event
of an emergency, CEV, of the presence of asbestos, LBP, or PCBs not previously identified
within the project area. A Change Order may be required to address the addition scope of the
hazardous material abatement.
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2.2.4 The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring equipment or materials brought on
the USAFA do not contain PCBs, asbestos, or lead-based paint. The Contractor shall be required
to obtain prior approval from CEV for an exemption to this requirement.
2.2.5 The Contractor shall test potentially lead-containing construction debris for lead using
the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure and submit analytical results to the Contracting
Officer and CEV, as applicable. The Contractor shall use sampling procedures and analytical
methods consistent with EPA guidance. CEV will review the results of the analysis and file
them in the project folder. Disposal of lead-containing material classified as hazardous waste
shall be consistent with requirements shown in Section 2.2.
2.2.7 If asbestos abatement is required, the Contractor shall submit a report documenting the
amount and location of asbestos removed in addition to all waste manifests generated during the
course of the project to the COR and CEV, as applicable.
2.2.8 The Contractor shall report, in writing, accidental releases of asbestos, PCBs, or LBP
as soon as they occur to the COR and CEV.
2.2.9 The Contractor shall comply with Colorado‘s requirement for state certification of all
individuals who perform asbestos-related removal/cleanup activities in schools, and in public and
commercial building, and all additional requirements as codified in 5 CCR 1001 and 6 CCR
1007.
2.2.10 The Contractor shall comply with Colorado‘s LBP regulations codified at
VOLUME 5, 5 CCR 1001, 1001-23, REGULATION 19, EPA‘S LBP REGULATIONS
CODIFIED AT 40 CFR 745, AND THE US DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATION AND CONTROL OF LEAD-BASED
PAINT HAZARDS IN HOUSING.
2.3 Petroleum, Oils, and Lubricants (POLs)
2.3.1 The Contractor must receive approval from the Contracting Officer‘s Representative
and CEV to stage tanks used for vehicle or equipment refueling at the USAFA.
2.3.2 The Contractors shall prepare a Spill Prevention and Response Plan (SPRP) according
to Section 01 35 43.13 and submit it to the COR and CEV for approval.
2.3.3 During fuel transfers, the Contractor shall use spill containment devices and have spill
containment materials available.
2.3.4 The Contractor shall not release secondary containment water that contains oil sheen.
The Contractor shall collect contaminated containment water and coordinate with CEV for its
proper disposal.
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2.3.5 If the Contractor uses aboveground POL storage tanks, the tanks shall be Underwriters
Laboratory-approved, double-walled tanks meeting requirements of Colorado aboveground
storage tank regulations (7 CCR 1101-3).
2.3.6 The Contractor shall comply with the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard cited at
29 CFR 1910.1200 and must comply with labels and other forms of warning, MSDSs, and
training.
2.3.7 The Contractor shall not conduct routine servicing of vehicles or equipment, such as
oil changes or brake fluid changes, on USAFA property.
2.3.8 The Contractor managing POLs at the USAFA is subject to Colorado‘s oil and
petroleum spill prevention requirements (7 CCR 1101-14) including but not limited to the
following reporting requirements:
2.3.8.1 The Contractor must report a release of oil that enters or may enter ―waters of
the US‖ including surface waters, groundwater, dry gullies, or storm sewers leading to surface
waters to CEV immediately.
2.3.8.2 The Contractor must report releases of oil to land greater than 25 gallons or any
oil release to ―waters of the US‖ to CEV immediately.
2.7 Solid Waste
2.7.1 The Contractor shall complete the Solid Waste Diversion Report, examples available
from CEV, for any solid waste generated on the USAFA, and submit the completed report to
CEV.
2.7.2 The Contractor shall recycle all solid waste where practicable, to include bulky wastes
and demolition waste. Solid waste that cannot be recycled must be crushed to minimize the
volume of waste. All concrete, asphalt concrete, and scrap metal will be recycled. Approval
from CEV is required if recycling these items is not feasible
2.7.3 The Contractor shall store solid wastes only in appropriate containers and keep lids
closed to prevent releases to the environment.
2.7.4 As identified in the Solid Waste Diversion Report and to the extent practicable, the
Contractor shall collect compost materials (organics, vegetation, grass, wood debris, etc.) and re-
use and recycle. Approval to re-use or store materials at the compost site must be received from
CEV prior to the activity.
2.7.5 The Contractor shall dispose of solid waste only at facilities holding valid regulatory
permits to manage the waste.
2.7.6 Recycling and re-use facilities on or off the installation shall be approved by CEV.
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2.8 Green Procurement
2.8.1 If the Contractor is required to submit any designs they shall complete the design
affirmative procurement form available from CEV, which identifies recycle-content materials
that shall be used in the design. Contractor will certify prior to 65% design review they have
evaluated recycled-content alternatives.
2.8.2 The Contractor shall complete the Construction Affirmative Procurement form
available from CEV. This form identifies recycle-content materials to be used on the project as
identified in the design. This document shall be completed and returned to CEV during the
performance period of the contract.
2.9 Air Quality
2.9.1 Any equipment or activity that emits or has the potential to emit pollutants or that
disturbs solid or liquid materials which can become airborne could be a source of air pollution
that may require a permit. Activities with anticipated air emissions requiring a permit include
but are not limited to painting, stripping, cleaning with degreasers or solvents, material hauling,
demolition, sand blasting, use of fuel-burning equipment (other than motor vehicles), heating
building materials such as asphalt, welding, use of volatile organic compounds or ozone-
depleting chemicals, and remediation activities. Incomplete documentation submitted will
prolong the administrative period at the Contractor‘s expense.
2.9.2 If air emission estimates for hazardous air pollutants exceed threshold levels as
defined by 5 CCR 1001-5: Regulation No. 3, the Contractor shall complete an Air Pollutant
Emission Notice (APEN) and construction permit applications required by the Colorado
Department of Public Health and Environment (CDPHE), Air Pollution Control Division
(APCD). Contractors shall submit the completed APEN(s) and construction permit
application(s) to the Contracting Officer and CEV for review and approval. Once these
documents are reviewed, CEV will submit the construction permit application to CDPHE. The
Contractor shall submit any additional information requested by CEV to complete permit
application, along with any emissions testing or emissions calculations required by CDPHE. Any
delay caused because of incomplete or untimely submission of emissions information to the
Contracting Officer shall be the responsibility of the Contractor.
2.9.3 The Contractor shall ensure all company-owned and employee-owned gasoline and
diesel vehicles driven on USAFA property comply with the emissions inspection requirements of
CDPHE 5 CCR 1001-13: Regulation No. 11 (Motor Vehicle Emissions Inspection Program) and
5 CCR 1001-15: Regulation No. 12 (Reduction of Diesel Vehicle Emissions).
2.9.4 Open burning on the USAFA is prohibited.
2.9.5 The Contractor shall create no noxious odors that violate Colorado‘s odor emissions
regulation (5 CCR 1001-4: Regulation No. 2).
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2.9.6 The Contractor shall ensure any equipment containing ozone-depleting chemicals
(ODC) are operated and maintained in accordance with Colorado‘s Control of Emission of
Ozone-Depleting Compounds requirements 5 CCR 1001-19: Regulation No.15. All Contractors
and subcontractor employees servicing ODC-containing equipment shall be trained and certified
in accordance with Regulation No. 15. Contractor must submit copies of technician certification
and equipment certification to CEV prior to start of work. All Class I ODC use is prohibited at
the USAFA. Any requests for use of Class II ODC must be submitted in writing to the
Contracting Officer for review and approval; otherwise, the use of Class II ODS will be
prohibited.
2.9.7 The Contractor shall ensure any equipment containing ODCs are operated and
maintained in accordance with 5 CCR 1001-19: Regulation No.15. The Contractor and
Subcontractor employees servicing ODC-containing equipment shall be trained and certified in
accordance with Regulation No. 15. Employee certifications and an ODC Service Plan that
identifies type of service, ODCs used, and recovery information shall be submitted to CEV prior
to start of work.
2.9.8 The Contractor shall take all reasonable steps to prevent evaporation of any materials
that have the potential to become airborne, including but not limited to fuels, solvents, paints,
and other volatile chemicals under the Contractor‘s control, except as permitted by CEV, during
the proper use of a material while performing a required construction activity. All containers
holding solid or liquid materials with the potential to become airborne shall be closed at all
times, except when adding or removing product from the container.
2.9.9 The Contractor shall fully comply with the conditions of all applicable Colorado‘s Air
Pollution Prevention and Control Act and regulations as identified in 5 CCR 1001: Regulations
1-19.
2.9.10 When a Fugitive Particulate Control Plan is not required by 5 CCR 1001-3:
Regulation No. 1, the Contractor shall perform all fugitive particulate control measures necessary
to prevent emissions of over 20 percent opacity or visible emissions that cross the USAFA
property boundaries. The Contractor shall maintain a daily log of fugitive particulate emissions
that exceed 20 percent opacity or that cause visible emissions. The Contractor shall maintain a
copy of this log on site at all times and shall make it available for review to CEV upon request.
2.9.11 The Contractor shall not utilize cutback asphalt or any coating included in the
definition of cutback asphalt, as defined at 5 CCR 1001-9: Regulation No. 7, during the months
of March through September unless the cutback asphalt is used solely as a penetrating prime coat
or if the user can demonstrate to the CDPHE APCD that, under the conditions of its intended
use, there will be no emissions of volatile organic compounds to the ambient air.
2.9.12 The Contractor shall properly re-vegetate all disturbed land to prevent fugitive
particulate emissions following the completion of work.
3.1 CEV Inspections
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3.1.1 CEV conducts routine announced and unannounced inspections during the
performance of the contract to ensure the regulatory requirements are met. Non-compliance or
deficiencies noted during the inspection shall be appropriately corrected, and corrective actions
taken submitted in writing to the contract office. CEV shall perform follow up visits to verify
completion of corrective actions. Non-compliance can lead to complete halt in project activities,
depending on the severity of the violation. The Contractor shall not be allowed any extension of
time or compensation for damages by reason of or in connection with such work stoppages due
to non-compliance with environmental regulations.
4.1 CEV Points of Contact
Project/Site Conditions (719) 333-6455
Spill Prevention and Response (719) 491-3660
Procedure Plan (Integrated Contingency Plan) (719) 333-6455
Spill Response and Reporting (719) 491-3660
Procedures and Liability (719) 333-6455
Hazardous Materials (719) 333-3224
Hazardous Waste (719) 333-8394
Waste Water and Storm Water (719) 333-8394
Wetlands, Waters of U.S./State (719) 333-8394
Toxic Substances Asbestos, (719) 333-8367
PCB, LBP, Radon, Pesticides (719) 333-3233
Petroleum, Oils, and
Lubricants (POLs-Tanks)
Solid Waste (719) 333-0812
Air Quality (719) 333-6455
Natural Resources (719) 333-3308
Cultural Resources (719) 333-8408
Environmental Planning (NEPA) (719) 333-3233
If the Contractor is unable to reach the necessary point of contact, call the CEV Flight Chief,
(719) 333-6455. If the concern is an environmental emergency, call the CEV Emergency
Response number at (719) 491-3660 and ask for immediate assistance.
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01 35 43.13 Environmental Procedures for Hazardous Materials
1.1 Hazardous Materials (HAZMAT)
1.1.1 All HAZMAT brought on site by the Contractor shall be subject to pre-approval by
USAFA.
1.1.2 The USAFA may prohibit the use of HAZMAT it deems to be especially hazardous to
human health or the environment or may result in excessive quantities of hazardous waste.
1.1.3 If USAFA does not approve use of a HAZMAT, the USAFA may provide the
Contractor a list of suitable substitutes; however, the Contractor shall retain responsibility for
finding an
acceptable substitute.
1.1.4 The USAFA promotes waste minimization and pollution prevention practices, and the
Contractor shall take appropriate actions to comply with this policy.
1.1.5 A minimum of ten (10) business days prior to commencement of work on site, the
Contractor shall submit to the HAZMART office (Bldg 8110, Door 9) an AF Form 3952,
―CHEMICAL/HAZARDOUS MATERIAL REQUEST AUTHORIZATION,‖ for each process
requiring the use of HAZMAT as outlined above.
1.1.5.1 The Task Description, Block 18, must fully describe the task to be performed.
1.1.5.2 The Contractor shall include a list of hazardous materials used in each process as
well as MSDS for each HAZMAT.
1.1.5.3 The Contractor shall at all times maintain a complete written hazard
communication program, including labels and forms of warning for chemicals, an up-to-date
hazardous material inventory with copies of MSDSs for all materials used on the job site, and
employee information and training on hazardous chemicals in their work area.
1.1.5.4 The Contractor shall transport all hazardous materials in accordance with all
applicable Federal, State, and local regulations. Applicable requirements may include packing
and repacking, labeling, marking and placarding, handling, vehicle routing, and manufacturing of
packaging and transportation containers. The Contractor shall classify the hazardous materials
(Class 1 through Class 9) and comply with Department of Transportation requirements.
1.1.6 HAZMAT Usage Reports for contracts with less than 90-day period of performance.
1.1.6.1 The Contractor may report HAZMAT used at any time during the execution of
the contract or within 10 business days after completion of work to the HAZMART.
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1.1.6.2 The report shall include a listing of the total quantity of HAZMAT used and a
description of its disposition. For example, the Contractor used all of the HAZMAT during
contract execution, saved it for future use, or disposed of it as hazardous waste in accordance
with Colorado‘s hazardous waste regulations. See Section 2.2 for a description of hazardous
waste management requirements.
1.1.7 HAZMAT Usage Reports for contracts with greater than 90-day period of performance.
1.1.7.1 Within 10 business days after the end of every 90-day period from the start of on-
site work, the Contractor shall submit a report of HAZMART hazardous materials used in the
previous 90-day period to the CO.
1.1.7.2 The report shall include a listing of the total quantity of HAZMAT used and a
description of its disposition. For example, the Contractor will state if it used all of the
HAZMAT during contract execution, saved it for future use, or disposed of it as hazardous waste
in accordance with Colorado‘s hazardous waste regulations. See Section 2.2 for a description of
hazardous waste management requirements.
1.1.8 Final HAZMAT Usage Report
1.1.8.1 The Contractor shall submit a final inventory of all hazardous materials used since
the last hazardous usage report and no later than 10 business days after completion of work to the
CO.
1.1.8.2 The report shall include a listing of the total quantity of HAZMAT used and a
description of its disposition. For example, the Contractor used all of the HAZMAT during
contract execution, saved it for future use, or disposed of it as hazardous waste in accordance
with Colorado‘s hazardous waste regulations. See Section 2.2 for a description of hazardous
waste management requirements.
1.1.9 HAZMAT Handling
1.1.9.1 The Contractor shall transport and store all known or potential HAZMAT in
original containers with manufacturer‘s labels meeting the OSHA Hazard Communication
requirements found in Title 29 Code of Federal Regulations Part 1910.1200 (29 CFR
1910.1200).
1.1.9.2 The Contractor shall clearly label containers into which bulk and repackaged
materials are placed in accordance with OSHA Hazard Communication requirements (29 CFR
1910.1200). The Contractor shall not bring materials to the USAFA without proper, legible
labeling.
1.1.9.4 The Contractor shall only use and store HAZMAT in areas that are free from
obstructions or hazards such as tripping hazards, open flames, or standing water. All HAZMAT
shall be separated in accordance with OSHA Material Handling requirements (29 CFR
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1910.176[c]) and OSHA Hazard Communication requirements (1910.1200[b], and
1910.1200[f]).
1.1.9.5 The Contractor shall store HAZMAT in containers in good condition, with no
leaks or rust.
1.1.9.6 The Contractor shall remove all unused HAZMAT when the work is completed or
when the material is no longer required. The Contractor may not transfer hazardous materials to
USAFA without the authorization of the USAFA HAZMAT Management Process Team.
2.2 Hazardous Waste (HW)
2.2.1 In coordination with CEV, the Contractor shall properly identify, characterize, manage,
and dispose of all HW generated from the Contractor‘s actions.
2.2.2 The Contractor must dispose of all HW through the 10 CES‘s HW management
program unless otherwise directed in the SOW to dispose of certain HW materials by other
means at Contractor‘s expense. The USAFA‘s HW Accumulation Site can provide containers,
labels, and will accept certain Contractor‘s HW, as identified in the pre-construction meeting, for
integrated shipment/disposal at no cost to the Contractor.
2.2.3 If the Contractor anticipates generating hazardous waste on site during contract
performance, they shall prepare a Hazardous Waste Management Plan (HWMP) describing how
it will comply with Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment regulatory
requirements and Department of Defense, Air Force, and USAFA policies and instructions
related to hazardous waste management.
2.2.3.1 The Contractor may request a copy of the USAFA HWMP from CEV to use as a
guide in preparing its HWMP.
2.2.3.2 The Contractor shall submit the HWMP to the Contracting Officer for approval a
minimum of 15 business days prior to commencement of work on site.
2.2.3.3 The Contractor‘s HWMP shall include the following elements:
2.2.3.3.1 Waste descriptions, waste codes, and estimated quantities of specific
hazardous wastes that will be generated on site, such as batteries, paints, solvents, aerosol cans,
and mercury-containing lamps.
2.2.3.3.2 Copies of letters appointing Contractor personnel to positions of primary
and alternate hazardous waste managers.
2.2.3.3.3 Copies and descriptions of HW training the Contractor‘s personnel have
completed. Contractor personnel shall have completed appropriate training that fully satisfies
Federal, state, and local regulatory requirements prior to managing hazardous waste.
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2.2.3.3.4 Descriptions of HW storage containers and locations.
2.2.4 The Contractor, with CEV concurrence, shall determine if wastes generated are
hazardous under applicable regulations for listed, characteristic, and universal wastes. The
Contractor shall provide the Contracting Officer‘s Representative and CEV proof of such
determination (e.g., MSDS, process knowledge and/or analytical results). If the Contractor does
not have sufficient information to characterize a waste as hazardous, then the Contractor shall,
with CEV concurrence:
2.2.4.1 Arrange for sampling and analysis for proper characterization of the waste.
2.2.4.2 Pay for sampling and analysis costs.
2.2.4.3 Provide the Contracting Officer‘s Representative and CEV with documentation of
analytical results for each hazardous waste generated on site.
2.2.5 The Contractor shall accumulate HW in compliance with all applicable federal, state,
and local regulations; DoD, AF, and USAFA policies; and in accordance with the Contractor‘s
(USAFA-approved) HWMP.
2.2.5.1 All containers holding HW shall be in good condition, with no leaks or rust.
2.2.5.2 All containers holding HW shall be labeled with the words ―Hazardous Waste‖
and the identity of the generator (Contractor).
2.2.5.3 Fluorescent bulbs, batteries, mercury containing thermostats, aerosol cans, and
pesticides and other designated Universal Wastes covered under the ―Universal Waste Rule‖
shall be labeled in accordance with Colorado universal waste requirements found in Title 6,
Colorado Code of Regulations, Section 1007-3 Part 273 (6 CCR 1007-3 Part 273).
2.2.5.4 Used oil shall be labeled only with the words ―USED OIL,‖ unless it is
contaminated with solvents or other contaminants that would render it hazardous waste.
2.2.6 To the maximum extent practical and where cost effective, the Contractor shall recycle
HW in accordance with all applicable Federal, state, and local laws and regulations. Prior to
start of the activity, CEV shall approve hazardous waste recycling/re-use. Any waste over 100
pounds recycled or re-used on or off- site, shall be reported to CEV for Air Force Solid Waste
metrics.
2.2.7 The CEV Hazardous Waste Program Manager shall be the USAFA‘s representative
regarding signing manifests, bill of lading, or related hazardous waste shipment paperwork. All
manifests for waste generated on site shall list the USAFA‘s EPA generator identification
number.
2.2.8 If the Contractor transports any HW off the USAFA, it must be licensed to transport
HW in Colorado. Transporters of hazardous wastes that operate in Colorado and have a transfer
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facility are required to obtain an EPA identification number and comply with additional
requirements cited at 6 CCR 1007-3, Part 263.
2.3 Spill Prevention and Response Procedure (SPRP) Plan
2.3.1 The Contractor must develop a SPRP plan if it manages, stores, or uses HAZMAT
(including fuels) or generates HW. If requested by the Contractor, CEV will provide the
Contractor a copy of the USAFA‘s Integrated Contingency Plan (ICP) to use as a guide in
preparing its SPRP. The Contractor may not adopt the USAFA‘s ICP as the Contractor‘s SPRP
without the addition of the following Contractor-specific information:
2.3.1.1 Contractor‘s name
2.3.1.2 Mailing address
2.3.1.3 Name of primary and alternate emergency contacts
2.3.1.4 Emergency phone numbers, including fax number, if applicable
2.3.1.5 List of spill prevention and response equipment
2.3.1.6 Description of HAZMAT and HW managed on site
2.3.1.7 Description of HAZMAT and HW storage containers
2.3.1.8 A map showing locations of HAZMAT and HW containers and spill prevention
and response equipment.
2.3.1.9 Description of actions the Contractor will take upon discovery of an incident to
contain and clean up spills and dispose of spill residue.
2.3.1.10 Procedures for notification of the USAFA after discovery of an incident (Note:
Call USAFA 911 and CEV Emergency Response Telephone at 491-3660).
2.3.1.11 Description of how the Contractor shall coordinate and complete any
required corrective actions.
2.3.1.12 Description of employee hazardous material and spill response training
(Training to be provided to employees as required by all applicable Federal, state, and local
regulations and copies of employee workplace hazard training program maintained on site at all
times).
2.3.2 The Contractor shall submit the completed SPRP plan to the Contracting Officer‘s
Representative a minimum of 15 business days prior to commencement of work for review and
approval.
2.3.3 The Contractor shall manage, store, and use all HAZMAT and HW (including fuels)
in accordance with good industry practices and implement best management practices in order to
prevent spills and releases. The Contractor shall report spills to the USAFA, Fire Department,
and execute timely and appropriate actions to contain and cleanup all spills in accordance with
the Contractor SPRP plan and the USAFA Installation Contingency Plan (ICP). The USAFA
does not authorize or expect the Contractor to provide emergency response or clean-up actions
beyond the level of training of its employees. Once a spill or release of a HAZMAT or HW
managed, used, or stored by the Contractor is contained, the USAFA shall determine if
additional cleanup is required and the extent of the Contractor‘s responsibility. The Contractor
shall be liable for any direct and indirect costs incurred during spill response and clean-up,
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including but not limited to administrative costs, materials, labor, equipment, shipping,
packaging, testing, replacement equipment and materials, and disposal.
(END REFERENCES INSERT)
01 35 53 Security Procedures
1.1 LOCATION: This section contains requirements applicable to United States Air Force
Academy (USAFA). Security requirements will vary for the different locations managed by
USAFA:
1.1.1 The main USAFA property located in Colorado Springs, Colorado;
1.1.2 The higher security areas within the main USAFA property, which will include but not
be limited to the Cadet Area and other sensitive facilities.
1.1.3 The Farish Recreation Area is located east of Woodland Park, Colorado.
1.1.4 The Bull's Eye Auxiliary Airfield, located east of Colorado Springs off Highway 94.
1.2 DEFINITIONS:
1.2.1 The 10th Security Forces Squadron (USAFA) (10 SFS) will have authority on all
matters pertaining to contractor and vehicle access to the USAFA. They can and will change
requirements as needed to respond to changing conditions.
1.2.2 Force Protection Conditions (FPCON) are designated by 10 SFS or higher authorities in
response to perceived risk to the facility. Conditions are labeled as Alpha, Bravo, Charlie or
Delta. The measures taken by base personnel and the restrictions placed upon contractors
increase as the Force Protection Level increases from Alpha to Delta. Contractors must be
flexible in their work to accommodate increased security or Force Protection Levels.
1.2.3 Contractor: All employees of the prime Contractor, subcontractors, consultants, and
others performing work on this contract will be referred to as Contractor.
1.2.4 Contracting Officer (CO): the contracting officer or specialist from the contracting
office (10 CONS/LGCA) responsible for management of the contract and obligation of the
Government. ONLY THE CONTRACTING OFFICER HAS THE LEGAL AUTHORITY TO
AUTHORIZE CHANGES TO THE CONTRACT AND INDIVIDUAL TASK ORDERS.
1.2.5 Construction Manager (CM) and/or Construction Inspector (CI): a representative of the
10th CES Construction Management Office. The CO designates the CM/CI to inspect work,
coordinate work schedules, permits and outages, communicate with the customer, and provide
technical expertise. The CM/CI cannot obligate the Government financially, including the
approval/disapproval of any changes to project requirements or scope. ONLY THE
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CONTRACTING OFFICER HAS THE LEGAL AUTHORITY TO AUTHORIZE CHANGES
TO THE CONTRACT AND INDIVIDUAL TASK ORDERS IAW FAR 2.101.
1.2.6 Pass & Registration Center: a facility established for issuing contractor and visitor entry
documents. Currently this facility is located at the South Gate to the USAFA.
1.2.7 Authorized Individual (Sponsor): An individual who possesses a valid DoD ID and
who may sponsor contractors or contractor employees to enter the base on a daily basis.
1.3 CONTRACTOR ACCESS BADGES:
1.3.1 Contractor Access Badges (CABs) will be issued to contractors performing duties on
the USAFA as identified on the USAFA Form 0-111, Application for Personnel and Vehicle
Pass, who require access to the installation to work under Air Force Contract for more than 30
days.
1.3.1.1 The CO will indicate on the Form 0-111 if the contractor‘s CAB will allow access
to the Cadet Area or if the contractor is authorized access to the installation at either Bravo or
Charlie Force Protection Levels. In addition, a limited number of contractor personnel, at the
Contracting Officer‘s discretion, may be issued CABs with ―Escort Privileges.‖ This privilege
will allow that person to bring other persons on the base under certain rules.
1.3.1.2 The 10 SFS or other representatives reserve the right to deny entry to any
contractor or subcontractor employee whose security check is unfavorable and the right to
terminate the entry authorization of any contractor employee upon disclosure of information
which indicates the individual‘s continued entry to USAFA is not in the best interest of national
security. In addition, the violation of or any deviation from established security procedures by
the contractor‘s employee may result in the confiscation of the CAB and the denial of future
entry to USAFA.
1.3.1.3 CABs must be renewed for each option year of the contract using the same AF
Form 0-111 process.
1.3.2 If a contractor employee will work on the installation for at least 7 but not more than
30 days, the employee will obtain an AF Form 75 at the Pass & ID Center. The contracting
specialist will submit an Entry Authorization List (EAL) to the Pass & Registration Center at
least 72 hours before the AF Form 75 is required.
1.3.3 If a Contractor employee will work on a project less than 7 days, an authorized
individual will need to sponsor the employee onto the installation each day.
1.3.4 Contractor personnel are subject to security checks and may be denied access to the
installation for reasons established by 10 SFS and regulations.
1.3.5 All Contractor Badges must be turned into Pass & Registration upon completion of the
contract or termination of the individual‘s employment by that contractor.
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1.3.6 If a contractor employee loses a CAB, it must be reported in writing as soon as possible
after discovery to the contract specialist who will request a new CAB be issued to the employee.
Individuals who misplace their CAB must be authorized entry by their sponsor until a new CAB
is issued.
1.4 CONTRACTOR VEHICLE ACCESS:
1.4.1 Vehicle Entry Restrictions: The 10 SFS or other authorized representatives reserve the
right to control vehicles wishing to enter USAFA. The contractor should be aware that entry
may be limited to one gate, and all vehicles are subject to search by Security Forces when
entering or leaving USAFA. Any delays caused by contractor vehicle searches or driving to
designated gates will not be claimed against the government.
1.4.2 CADET AREA ACCESS REQUIREMENTS: USAFA has established a higher
security zone in the Cadet Area. The Cadet Area includes the classrooms, dormitories and
dining hall used by the Cadets. Persons and vehicles entering the Cadet Area must pass through
a second entry point. CABs will designate those contractors allowed to enter the Cadet Area,
and a limited number of vehicle passes will be issued to the contractor for access to the Cadet
Area. Some contractor personnel will be required to park in the contractor‘s staging area and
commute from there.
1.5 ELEVATED FORCE PROTECTION: During periods when the Force Protection Level
is elevated to Bravo or higher, the Contractor will be required to comply with additional security
measures. Additional security measures may include parking greater distances from buildings,
relocation of trash dumpsters and storage areas, decreased vehicle access and parking, and
increased delays due to security checks.
1.6 OTHER REQUIREMENTS:
1.6.1 Searches: Contractor vehicles authorized to enter the installation and all hand-carried
items are subject to search. Private weapons, alcoholic beverages, explosives, ramset equipment,
and mace are not allowed on USAFA. All vehicles are subject to random vehicle searches at the
Entry Gate; and all vehicles will be searched, to include all compartments and closed containers,
if entering a restricted area.
1.6.2 CONTRACTOR VEHICLES: The company name shall be prominently displayed on
all Contractor passes (Form 75) and additional clearances (i.e. for personnel).
01 35 91 Historic Treatment Procedures
1.1 Facility Treasures
1.1.1 The USAFA is a National Historic Landmark and eligible Historic District. Most US
USAFA facilities fall in the treasure category. Contractors and Government personnel must
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exercise ―…ample care to the 45-year old facilities…to support the USAFA‘s mission—develop
and inspire air and space leaders with a vision for tomorrow…‖ (USAFA 2000).
1.1.2 If work is to be done on a facility listed or eligible for listing on the National Register
of Historic Places, a letter of concurrence from the State Historic Preservation Office (SHPO)
will be in the project folder. Work must not begin without this letter or a written memorandum
from the Cultural Resources Manager that such coordination is not necessary.
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01 40 00 QUALITY REQUIREMENTS
01 42 00 References
01 42 13 Abbreviations and Acronyms
1.1. COMMON AIR FORCE ABBREVIATIONS
1.1.1 A-E Architect-Engineer
1.1.2 AFI Air Force Instruction
1.1.3 AD Athletic Directorate
1.1.4 AICUZ Air Installation Compatible Use Zone
1.1.5 ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers
1.1.6 BCAS Base Contracting Automated System
1.1.7 BCE Base Civil Engineer
1.1.8 BCT Basic Cadet Training
1.1.9 BITS Base Information Transfer System
1.1.10 Bldg Building
1.1.11 BTU British Thermal Unit
1.1.12 BTUH British Thermal Unit per Hour
1.1.13 CADD Computer-Aided Drafting and Design
1.1.14 CE Civil Engineer
1.1.15 CEMAS Civil Engineer Material Acquisition System
1.1.16 CETF Consolidated Education and Training Facility
1.1.17 CFC Chlorofluorocarbons
1.1.18 CFE Contractor-furnished Equipment
1.1.19 CFR Code of Federal Regulations
1.1.20 CLIN Contract Line Item Number
1.1.21 CDOT Colorado Department of Transportation
1.1.22 COE Corps of Engineers (US Army)
1.1.23 CONUS Continental United States
1.1.24 CPR Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation
1.1.25 CTL Construction Technical Letter
1.1.26 CWA Clean Water Act
1.1.27 DD Department of Defense (form designation)
1.1.28 DDC Direct Digital Control
1.1.29 DF Dean of Faculty
1.1.30 DFAS Defense Finance and Accounting Service
1.1.31 DoD Department of Defense
1.1.32 DOE Department of Energy
1.1.33 DRMO Defense Reutilization and Marketing Office
1.1.34 DRU Direct Reporting Unit
1.1.35 DSN Defense Switching Network
1.1.36 DSW Direct Scheduled Work
1.1.37 DUERS Defense Utility Energy Reporting System
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1.1.38 EBS Environmental Baseline Survey
1.1.39 ESOHCAMP Environmental Safety and Occupational Health Compliance Assessment
and Management Program
1.1.40 ECIP Energy Conservation Investment Program
1.1.41 EET Exercise Evaluation Team
1.1.42 EIAP Environmental Impact Analysis Process
1.1.43 EIT/FE Engineer-In-Training/Fundamentals of Engineering
1.1.44 EMCS Energy Management Control System
1.1.45 EMSG Energy Management Steering Group
1.1.46 EPA Environmental Protection Agency
1.1.47 ESPC Energy Savings Performance Contracting
1.1.48 ETL Engineer Technical Letter
1.1.49 FAA Federal Aviation Administration
1.1.50 FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation
1.1.51 FB Facilities Board
1.1.52 FBWP Facilities Board Working Panel
1.1.53 FERL Field Engineering Readiness Laboratory
1.1.54 FOD Foreign Object Damage
1.1.55 GIS Geospatial Information System
1.1.56 GSA General Services Administration
1.1.57 GOQ General Officer‘s Quarters
1.1.58 HAZMAT Hazardous Material
1.1.59 HFC Hydrochlorofluorcarbons
1.1.60 HM Hazardous Material
1.1.61 HQ Headquarters
1.1.62 HTHW High Temperature Hot Water
1.1.63 HVAC Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning
1.1.64 IAW In Accordance With
1.1.65 IDIQ Indefinite Delivery, Indefinite Quantity
1.1.66 IFB Invitation for Bid
1.1.67 IWIMS Interim Work Information Management Systems
1.1.68 ITNSS Information Technology Network Systems and Services
1.1.69 JA Judge Advocate
1.1.70 JPPSO Joint Personal Property Shipping Office
1.1.71 LAN Local Area Net
1.1.72 LBP Lead-Based Paint
1.1.73 LG Logistics Group
1.1.74 MAJCOM Major Command
1.1.75 MCP Military Construction Program
1.1.76 MFH Military Family Housing
1.1.77 MGD Million Gallons per Day
1.1.78 MIG Metal Inert Gas
1.1.79 MILCON Military Construction
1.1.80 MIL-HDBK Military Handbook
1.1.81 MIPR Military Interdepartmental Purchase Request
1.1.82 MOA Memorandum of Agreement
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1.1.83 MOU Memorandum of Understanding
1.1.84 MSDS Material Safety Data Sheet
1.1.85 NAF Non-Appropriated Funds
1.1.86 NCAA National Collegiate Athletic Association
1.1.87 NCO Non-Commissioned Officer
1.1.88 NEC National Electric Code
1.1.89 NEPA National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
1.1.90 NESHAP National Emission Standard for Hazardous Air Pollutants
1.1.91 NFPA National Fire Protection Association
1.1.92 NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
1.1.93 NLT No Later Than
1.1.94 NOI Notice of Intent
1.1.95 NOT Notice of Termination
1.1.96 NTE Not To Exceed
1.1.97 NPDES National Polluant Discharge Elimination System
1.1.98 O&M Operations and Maintenance
1.1.99 ODS Ozone Depleting Substance
1.1.100 OG Operations Group
1.1.101 OSHA Occupational Safety and Health Administration
1.1.102 Para Paragraph
1.1.103 PC Personnel Computer
1.1.104 PCB Polychlorinated Biphenyls
1.1.105 PCI Pavement Condition Index
1.1.106 PCMS Project by Contract Management System
1.1.107 PDC Programming, Design, and Construction
1.1.108 PE Professional Engineer
1.1.109 POC Point of Contact
1.1.110 POL Petroleum, Oils, and Lubricants
1.1.111 POM Program Objective Memorandum
1.1.112 PSI Per Square Inch
1.1.113 PWS Performance Work Statement
1.1.114 QAE Quality Assurance Evaluator
1.1.115 QAP Quality Assurance Plan
1.1.116 QC Quality Control
1.1.117 QCI Quality Control Inspector
1.1.118 QCP Quality Control Plan
1.1.119 RA Registered Architect
1.1.120 RAC Risk Assessment Code
1.1.121 RAMP Requirements and Management Plan
1.1.122 RFI Request for Information
1.1.123 RFP Request for Proposal
1.1.124 REC Renewable Energy Credit
1.1.125 RWP Recurring Work Program
1.1.126 SABER Simplified Acquisition Base Engineer Requirements
1.1.127 SBA Small Business Administration
1.1.128 SF Standard Form
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1.1.129 SOQ Senior Officer‘s Quarters
1.1.130 SOW Statement of Work
1.1.131 SREC Solar Renewable Energy Credit
1.1.132 TDY Temporary Duty
1.1.133 TIG Tungsten Inert Gas
1.1.134 TLF Temporary Lodging Facilities
1.1.135 UFC Unified Facilities Criteria
1.1.136 US United States
1.1.137 UPC Uniform Plumbing Code
1.1.138 USAF United States Air Force
1.1.139 USAFA United States Air Force Academy
1.1.140 USAFAI United States Air Force Academy Instruction
1.1.141 VIP Very Important Person
1.1.142 VOQ Visiting Officers‘ Quarters
1.1.143 WIMS Work Information Management System
1.1.144 WRRP Work Request Review Board
1.2 GLOSSARY OF ROOFING TERMINOLOGY
The following is a glossary of basic roofing terms from the NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing
Manual.
-A-
Abrasion resistance: the ability to resist being worn away by contact with another moving,
abrasive surface, such as foot traffic, mechanical equipment, wind-blown particles, etc.
Absorption: the ability of a material to accept within its body, quantities of gases or liquid, such
as moisture.
Accelerated weathering: the exposure of a specimen to a specified test environment for a
specified time with the intent of producing in a shorter time period, effects similar to actual
weathering.
Acid etch: in waterproofing, the use of a strong acid to remove the surface of concrete to expose
the aggregate.
Acrylic coating: a liquid coating system based on an acrylic resin. Generally, a latex-based
coating system that cures by air drying.
Acrylic resin: polymers of acrylic or methacrylic monomers. Often used as a latex base for
coating systems.
Active metal (anodic): a metal or material that readily gives up electrons to a cathodic (noble)
material. (See anodic). An active metal will corrode in the presence of moisture when in contact
with a cathodic metal.
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Adhesion: steady or firm attachment.
Adhesive bond break: a material to facilitate independent movement between two units that
would otherwise bond together.
Aggregate: (1) crushed stone, crushed slag or water-worn gravel used for surfacing a built-up
roof system; (2) any granular material.
Aged R-value: thermal resistance value established by utilizing artificial conditioning procedures
for a prescribed time period.
Air leakage: the unintended movement of air from a location where it is intended to be contained
to another location.
Alligatoring: the cracking of the surfacing bitumen on a bituminous roof or coating on a SPF
roof, producing a pattern of cracks similar to an alligator‘s hide; the cracks may not extend
completely through the surfacing bitumen or coating.
Aluminized steel: sheet steel with a thin aluminum coating bonded to the surface to enhance
weathering characteristics.
Aluminum: a non-rusting, malleable metal sometimes used for metal roofing and flashing.
Anodic: a metal or material that readily gives up electrons to a cathodic material in the presence
of an electrolyte (see Galvanic series).
ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
Anti-capillary hem: a hem used in a metal panel seam to reduce the potential for water migration.
APA: American Plywood Association.
APC: American Plastics Council.
APP: see Atactic polypropylene.
Application rate: the average quantity (mass, volume or thickness) of material applied per unit
area.
Apron flashing: a term used for a flashing located at the juncture of the top of a sloped roof and a
vertical wall, chimney or steeper-sloped roof.
APC/SPFA: American Plastics Council/Spray Polyurethane Foam Alliance.
Architectural panel: a metal roof panel, typically a double standing seam or batten seam; usually
requires solid decking underneath and relies on slope to shed water.
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Architectural shingle: an asphalt shingle that provides a dimensional appearance.
Area divider: a raised, flashed assembly, typically a single- or double-wood member attached to
a wood base plate that is anchored to the roof deck. It is used to accommodate thermal stresses in
a roof system where an expansion joint is not required, or to separate large roof areas or separate
roof systems comprised of different/incompatible materials, and may be used to facilitate
installation of tapered insulation.
ARMA: Asphalt Roofing Manufacturers Association.
Area practices: design or application techniques peculiar to a specific geographical region.
Asbestos: a group of natural, fibrous, impure silicate materials.
ASHRAE: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
Asphalt: a dark brown or black substance found in a natural state or, more commonly, left as a
residue after evaporating or otherwise processing crude oil or petroleum. Asphalt may be further
refined to conform to various roofing grade specifications:
1. Dead-level asphalt: a roofing asphalt conforming to the requirements of ASTM
Specification D 312, Type I.
2. Flat asphalt: a roofing asphalt conforming to the requirements of ASTM Specification D
312, Type II.
3. Steep asphalt: a roofing asphalt conforming to the requirements of ASTM Specification D
312, Type III.
4. Special steep asphalt: a roofing asphalt conforming to the requirements of ASTM
Specification D 312, Type IV.
Asphalt, Air blown: asphalt produced by blowing air through molten asphalt to raise its softening
point and modify other properties.
Asphalt emulsion: a mixture of asphalt particles and emulsifying agent, such as bentonite clay
and water.
Asphalt felt: an asphalt-saturated and/or asphalt-coated felt (see Felt).
Asphalt primer: see Primer.
Asphalt roof cement: a trowelable mixture of solvent-based bitumen, mineral stabilizers, other
fibers and/or fillers. Classified by ASTM Standard D 2822-1 Asphalt Roof Cement, and D 4586-
2 Asphalt Roof Cement, Asbestos-Free, Types I and II. Type I is sometimes referred to as
―plastic cement,‖ and is made from asphalt characterized as self-sealing, adhesive and ductile,
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and conforming to ASTM Specification D 312, Type I; Specification D 449, Types I or II; or
Specification D 946 (see Plastic cement and Flashing cement.) Type II is generally referred to as
―vertical-grade flashing cement,‖ and is made from asphalt characterized by a high softening
point and relatively low ductility, and conforming to the requirement of ASTM Specification D
312, Types II or III; or Specification D 449, Type III. (see Plastic cement and Flashing cement.)
Asphalt shingle: a shingle manufactured by coating a reinforcing material (felt or fibrous glass
mat) with asphalt and having mineral granules on the side exposed to the weather. (see Shingle)
Asphaltene: a high molecular weight hydrocarbon fraction precipitated from asphalt by a
designated solvent (paraffinic naphtha) at a specified temperature and solvent-asphalt ratio.
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials.
Atactic polypropylene: a group of high molecular weight polymers formed by the polymerization
of propylene. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition 974 Glossary
Attic: the cavity or open space above the ceiling and immediately under the roof deck of a steep-
sloped roof.
-B-
Back-nailing (also referred to as ―Blind-nailing‖): the practice of blind nailing the back portion
of a roofing ply, steep roofing unit, or other components in a manner so that the fasteners are
covered by the next sequential ply, or course, and are not exposed to the weather in the finished
roof system
Ballast: a material, such as aggregate or precast concrete pavers, which employs its mass and the
force of gravity to hold (or assist in holding) single-ply roof membranes in place.
Bar joist: (see Steel joist).
Barrel vault: a building profile featuring a rounded profile to the roof on the short axis, but with
no angle change on a cut along the long axis.
Barrier board: noncombustible board stock material of low thermal conductivity placed between
two elements of a roof assembly.
Base flashing (membrane base flashing): plies or strips of roof membrane material used to close-
off and/or seal a roof at the horizontal-to-vertical intersections, such as at a roof-to-wall juncture.
Membrane base flashing covers the edge of the field membrane. (see Flashing.)
Base ply: the bottom or first ply in a built-up roof membrane when additional plies are to be
subsequently installed. Base sheet: an impregnated, saturated, or coated felt placed as the first
ply in some low-slope roof systems.
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Batten: (1) cap or cover; (2) in a metal roof, a metal closure set over, or covering the joint
between, adjacent metal panels; (3) in a wood roof, a strip of wood usually set in or over the
structural deck, used to elevate and/or attach a primary roof covering such as tile; (4) in a single
ply membrane roof system, a narrow plastic, wood or metal bar that is used to fasten or hold the
roof membrane and/or base flashing in place.
Batten seam: a metal panel profile attached to and formed around a beveled wood or metal
batten.
Bentonite: a porous clay formed by the decomposition of volcanic ash that swells 5 to 6 times its
original volume in the presence of water.
Bermuda seam: a metal panel profile featuring a step-down profile that runs perpendicular to the
slope of the roof.
Bird bath: random, inconsequential amounts of residual water on a roof membrane.
Bitumen: (1) a class of amorphous, black or dark colored, (solid, semi-solid or viscous)
cementitious substances, natural or manufactured, composed principally of high molecular
weight hydrocarbons, soluble in carbon disulfide, and found in asphalts, tars, pitches and
asphaltenes; (2) a generic term used to denote any material composed principally of bitumen,
typically asphalt or coal tar.
Bitumen-stop: see Envelope or Bleed-sheet.
Bituminous emulsion: a suspension of minute particles of bituminous material in water.
Blackberry (also referred to as ―Blueberry‖ or ―Tar-boil‖): a small bubble or blister in the flood
coat of an aggregate-surfaced built-up roof membrane.
Blanket (batt) insulation: glass fiber or other compressible fibrous insulation, generally available
in roll form.
Bleed-sheet: a sheet material used to prevent the migration of bitumen.
Bleeder strip: (see Rake-starter).
Blind-nailing: the use of nails that are not exposed to the weather in the finished roofing system.
Blister: an enclosed pocket of air, which may be mixed with water or solvent vapor, trapped
between impermeable layers of felt or membrane, or between the membrane and substrate.
Blocking: sections of wood (which may be preservative treated) built into a roof assembly,
usually attached above the deck and below the membrane or flashing, used to stiffen the deck
around an opening, act as a stop for insulation, support a curb, or serve as a nailer for attachment
of the membrane and/or flashing.
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Blowing agent: an expanding agent used to produce a gas by chemical or thermal action, or both,
in manufacture of hollow or cellular materials.
BOCA: Building Officials and Code Administrators, International, Inc.
Bond: the adhesive and/or cohesive forces holding two components in positive contact.
Boot: (1) a covering made of flexible material, which may be preformed to a particular shape,
used to exclude dust, dirt, moisture, etc., from around a penetration; (2) a flexible material used
to form a closure, sometimes installed at inside and outside corners.
Brake: hand- or power-activated machinery used to bend metal. Bridging: (1) when membrane
or base flashing is unsupported at a juncture; (2) bridging in steep-slope roofing occurs when
reroofing over standard-sized asphalt shingles with metric-sized asphalt shingles.
British thermal unit (BTU): the heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 pound of water
degree Fahrenheit (joule). For the metric equivalent, see Joule.
Broadcast: uniformly cast or distribute granular or aggregate surfacing material.
Brooming: to improve the embedding of a ply or membrane by using a broom or squeegee to
smooth it out and ensure contact with the adhesive under the ply or membrane.
Buckle: an upward, elongated displacement of a roof membrane frequently occurring over
insulation or deck joints. A buckle may be an indication of movement within the roof assembly.
Building code: The minimum construction requirements established generally by national
organizations of experts and adopted completely or in altered form by local governing
authorities.
Built-up roof (BUR): a continuous, semi-flexible roof membrane, consisting of multiple plies of
saturated felts, coated felts, fabrics or mats assembled in place with alternate layers of bitumen,
and surfaced with mineral aggregate, bituminous materials, a liquid-applied coating or a granule-
surfaced cap sheet.
Bundle: an individual package of shakes or shingles.
Bun stock: large solid box-like structure formed during the production of polystyrene insulation;
individual board stock pieces are then cut from the bun.
Butt joint: a joint formed by adjacent, separate sections of material, such as where two
neighboring pieces of insulation abut.
Button punch: a process of indenting two or more thicknesses of metal that are pressed against
each other to prevent slippage between the metal.
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Butyl: rubber-like material produced by polymerizing isobutylene.
Butyl coating: an elastomeric coating system derived from polymerized isobutylene. Butyl
coatings are characterized by low water vapor permeability.
Butyl rubber: a synthetic elastomer based on isobutylene and a minor amount of isoprene. It can
be vulcanized and features low permeability to gases and water vapor.
Butyl tape: a sealant tape sometimes used between metal roof panel seams and/or end laps; also
used to seal other types of sheet metal joints, and in various sealant applications.
-C-
Calender: (1) to press between rollers or plates in order to smooth and glaze or to thin into
sheets; (2) a machine for calendering.
Camber: a slight convexity, arching or curvature (as of a beam, roof deck or road).
Canopy: any overhanging or projecting roof structure, typically over entrances or doors.
Cant: in SPF-based roofing, a beveling of foam at horizontal/vertical joints to increase strength
and promote water runoff.
Cant strip: a beveled strip used under flashings to modify the angle at the point where the roofing
or waterproofing membrane meets any vertical element.
Cap flashing: (1) usually composed of metal, used to cover or shield the upper edges of the
membrane base flashing wall flashing; (2) a flashing used to cover the top of various buildings
components, such as parapets or columns. (see Flashing and Coping.)
Cap sheet: a sheet, often granule-surfaced, used as the top ply of some built-up or modified
bitumen roof membranes and/or flashings.
Capacitance meter: a device used to locate moisture or wet materials within a roof system by
measuring the ratio of the change to the potential difference between two conducting elements
separated by a non-conductor.
Capillary action: (1) the action by which the surface of a liquid where it is in contact with a solid
is elevated or depressed depending on the relative attraction of the molecules of the liquid for
each other and for those of the solid; (2) the siphoning of liquid into a joint or void between two
adjacent surfaces.
Catalyst: an ingredient that initiates a chemical reaction or increases the rate of a chemical
reaction when combined with another chemical.
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Cathodic: A metal or material that readily attracts electrons from an anodic material in the
presence of an electrolyte (see Galvanic Series).
Caulk: a composition of vehicle and pigment used at ambient temperatures for filling/sealing
joints or junctures that remains elastic for an extended period of time after application.
Caulking: (1) the physical process of sealing a joint or juncture; (2) sealing and making weather-
tight the joints, seams or voids between adjacent surfaces by filling with a sealant.
Cavitation: the formation of a partial vacuum or cavity in a liquid.
Cavity wall: an exterior wall usually of masonry, consisting of an outer and inner withe separated
by a continuous air space, but connected together by wire or sheet-metal tiles.
C-channel: a structural framing member.
Cellular glass insulation: A rigid closed-cell insulation board made from crushed glass and
hydrogen sulfide gas.
Cementitious waterproofing: heavy cement-based compounds and various additives that are
mixed and packaged for use in a dry form; the packaged mixture is then mixed with water and
liquid bonding agents to a workable concrete-like consistency.
Centipoise: a unit of measure of absolute viscosity. (The viscosity of water is one centipoise. The
lower the number, the less viscous the material.)
Centistoke: a unit of viscosity; the ratio of a liquid‘s absolute viscosity to the density of that
liquid.
CERL: Construction Engineering Research Laboratory.
Chalk: a powdery residue on the surface of a material.
Chalk line: a line made on the roof or other flat surface by snapping a taut string or cord dusted
with colored chalk.
Chalking: the formation of a powdery surface condition from the disintegration of a binder or
elastomer.
Channel flashing: in steep-slope roof construction, a type of flashing used at roof-to-wall
junctures and other rooftop-vertical plane intersections where an internal gutter is needed to
handle runoff. Commonly used with profile tile.
Chemical resistance: the ability to withstand contact with specified chemicals without a
significant change in properties.
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Chimney: stone, masonry, prefabricated metal or wood-framed structure, containing one or more
flues, projecting through and above the roof.
Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): a thermoplastic material, used for single-ply roof membranes,
composed of high molecular weight polyethylene chlorinated with a process that yields a flexible
rubber-like material.
Chlorosulfonated polyethylene (CSPE or CSM): probably best known by the DuPont trade name
Hypalon™, a synthetic, rubber-like thermoset material, based on high molecular weight
polyethylene with sulphonyl chloride, usually formulated to produce a self-vulcanizing
membrane. Classified by ASTM Standard D 5019.
Cladding: a material used as the exterior wall enclosure of a building.
Cleat: a continuous metal strip, or angled piece, used to secure metal components (also see Clip).
Clerestory: an upward extension of enclosed space created by carrying a setback vertical, wall
(typically glazed) up and through the roof slope. Two intersecting shed roofs on different planes.
Clip: A non-continuous metal component or angle piece used to secure two or more metal
components together. (see Cleat.)
Clipped gable: a gable cutback near the peak in a hip-roof form.
Closed-cut valley: a method of valley application in which shingles from one side of the valley
extend across the valley while shingles from the other side are trimmed back approximately 2
inches (51 mm) from the valley centerline.
Closure strip: a metal or resilient strip, such as neoprene foam, used to close openings created by
joining metal panels or sheets and flashings.
Coal tar: a dark brown to black colored, semi-solid hydrocarbon produced by the distillation of
coal. Coal tar pitch is further refined to conform to the following roofing grade specifications:
Coal tar pitch: a coal tar used as the waterproofing agent in dead-level or low-slope built-up roof
membranes and membrane waterproofing systems, conforming to ASTM Specification D 450,
Type I.
Coal tar waterproofing pitch: a coal tar used as the damp-proofing or waterproofing agent in
below-grade structures, conforming to ASTM Specification D 450, Type II.
Coal tar bitumen: a proprietary trade name for Type III coal tar used as the damp-proofing or
waterproofing agent in dead-level or low-slope built-up roof membranes and membrane
waterproofing systems, conforming to ASTM D 450, Type III.
Coal tar felt: a felt that is saturated or impregnated with refined coal tar.
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Coal tar roof cement: a trowelable mixture of processed coal tar base, solvents, mineral fillers
and/or fibers. Classified ASTM Standard D 4022, ―Coal Tar Roof Cement, Asbestos Container.‖
Coarse orange peel surface texture: a surface showing a texture where nodules and valleys are
approximately the same size and shape. This surface is acceptable for receiving a protective
coating because of the roundness of the nodules and valleys.
Coated base sheet: a coated felt intended to be used as a base ply in a built-up or modified
bitumen roof membrane.
Coated fabric: fabrics impregnated and/or coated with a plastic like material in the form of a
solution, dispersion hot-melt or powder. The term also applies to materials resulting from the
application of a preformed film to a fabric by means of calendering.
Coated felt (Sheet): (1) an asphalt felt coated on both sides with harder, more viscous asphalt; (2)
a glass fiber felt simultaneously impregnated and coated with asphalt on both sides.
Coating: a layer of liquid material applied to a surface for protection or appearance.
Cobwebbing: a phenomenon observed during spray application characterized by the formation of
web-like threads along with the usual droplets leaving the spray gun nozzle.
Code: a collection of laws (regulations, ordinances or statutory requirements) adopted by
Governmental authority. (see Building code and Model code.)
Coefficient of thermal expansion: the coefficient of change in dimension of a material per unit of
dimension per degree change in temperature.
Cohesion: the molecular forces of attraction by which the body of a material is held together.
Coil coating: the application of a finish to a coil of metal using a continuous mechanical coating
process.
Cold forming: the process of shaping metal into desired profiles without the application of heat.
Cold rolled: the process of forming steel into sheets, panels, or shapes on a series of rollers at
room temperature.
Cold roof assembly: a roof assembly configured with the insulation below the deck, not typically
in contact with the deck, allowing for a ventilation space. The temperature of the roof assembly
remains close to the outside air temperature.
Color stability: the ability of a material to retain its original color after exposure to weather.
Column: in structures, a relatively long, slender structural compression member such as a post,
pillar or strut; usually vertical which acts in (or near) the direction of its longitudinal axis.
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Combing ridge: a term used to describe an installation of finishing slate or wood at the ridge of a
roof whereby the slates on one side project beyond to the apex of the ridge.
Combustible: capable of burning.
Combustion: a chemical process of oxidation that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat
and usually light either as glow or flames; the process of burning.
Compatible materials: two or more substances that can be mixed, blended, or attached without
separating, reacting, or affecting the materials adversely.
Composition shingle: a unit of asphalt shingle roofing.
Composite board roof insulation: rigid board insulation generally comprised of perlite or wood
fiberboard factory bonded to polyisocyanurate or polystyrene.
Compounded thermoplastics: a category of roofing membranes made by blending thermoplastic
resins with plasticizers, various modifiers, stabilizers, flame retardants, UV absorbers, fungicides
and other proprietary substances alloyed with proprietary organic polymers.
Compressive strength: the property of a material that relates to its ability to resist compression
loads.
Concealed-nail method: a method roofing application in which all nails are driven into the
underlying course of roofing and covered by a subsequent, overlapping course.
Concealed plate: see Cover plate.
Condense: to make denser or more compact, as when a material (e.g., water vapor) changes from
its gas phase to its liquid phase.
Condensate: the liquid resulting from the condensation of a gas.
Condensation: the conversion of water vapor or other gas to liquid phase as the temperature
drops; the act or process of condensing.
Conditioning: the storage of a material specimen under specified temperature, humidity, etc. for
a specified time prior to testing.
Conductance, Thermal: the thermal transmission in unit time through unit area of a particular
body or assembly having defined surfaces, when unit average temperature difference is
established between the surfaces.
C=BTU/h•ft2•°F (C=W/m2•K).
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Conductor head: an enlargement or catch basin at the top of a downspout or leader to receive
rainwater from a gutter or scupper.
Construction joint: (1) a joint where two successive placements of concrete meet; (2) a
separation provided in a building which allows its component parts to move with respect
to each other.
Contact cements: adhesives used to adhere or bond various roofing components. These adhesives
adhere mated components immediately on contact of surfaces to which the adhesive is applied.
Contamination: the process of making a material or surface unclean or unsuited for its intended
purpose, usually by the addition or attachment of undesirable foreign substances.
Control joint: a groove which is formed, sawed, or tooled in a concrete or masonry structure to
regulate the location and amount of cracking and separation resulting from the dimensional
change of different parts of the structure, thereby avoiding the development of high stresses.
Coping: the covering piece on top of a wall exposed to the weather, usually made of metal,
masonry, or stone and sloped to carry off water.
Copolymer: the product of polymerization of two or more substances (as two different isomers)
together.
Copolymerization: a chemical reaction that results in the bonding of two or more dissimilar
monomers to produce large, long-chain molecules that are copolymers.
Copper: a natural weathering metal used in metal roofing or flashing; typically used in 16 ounce
per square foot (0.56 mm) and 20 ounce per square foot (0.69 mm) thicknesses.
Core cut or core sample: (1) a sample from a low-slope roof system taken for the purpose of
obtaining primarily qualitative information about its construction. Typically, core cut analysis
can verify or reveal the type of membrane surfacing; the type of membrane; the approximate
number of plies; the type, thickness and condition of the insulation (if any); and the type of deck
used as a substrate for the roof system. (2) for in SPF-based roof systems, core cuts are used to
obtain both quantitative and qualitative information, such as the thickness of the foam, the
thickness and adhesion of the coating, thickness of individual passes and adhesion between
passes and the adhesion of the foam to its substrate.
Cornice: the decorative horizontal molding or projected roof overhang.
Counter batten: vertical wood strips installed on sloped roofs over which horizontal battens are
secured. The primary roof covering is attached or secured to these horizontal battens. The NRCA
Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition 980 Glossary
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Counterflashing: formed metal or elastomeric sheeting secured on or into a wall, curb, pipe,
rooftop unit or other surface, to cover and protect the upper edge of a base flashing and its
associated fasteners.
Course: (1) the term used for a row of roofing material that forms the roofing, waterproofing or
flashing system; (2) one layer of a series of materials applied to a surface (e.g., a five-course wall
flashing is composed of three applications of roof cement with one ply of felt or fabric
sandwiched between two layers of roof cement).
Cover board: an insulation board used over closed cell plastic foam insulation (e.g.,
polyisocyanurate) to prevent blistering when used in conjunction with hot bituminous
membranes. Suitable cover board insulation is glass-faced siliconized gypsum board, glass-fiber
board, perlite board, wood-fiber board or mineral-fiber board. Cover boards are also
recommended between polyisocyanurate insulation and single ply membranes to protect the
polyisocyanurate.
Cover plate: a metal strip sometimes installed over or under the joint between formed metal
pieces.
Coverage: the surface area uniformly covered by a specific quantity of a particular material at a
specific thickness.
CPA: copolymer alloy.
Crack: a nonlinear separation or fracture occurring in a material.
Cream time: time in seconds (at a given temperature) when the A and B components of
polyurethane foam will begin to expand after being mixed. Recognizable as a change in color of
the materials.
Cricket: a relatively small area of a roof constructed to divert water from a horizontal
intersection of the roof with a chimney, wall, expansion joint or other projection. (see Saddle.)
Cross-linking: the formation of chemical bonds between polymeric chains. Cross-linking of
rubber is referred to as vulcanization or ―curing.‖
CRREL: Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory. Crystalline waterproofing: a
compound of cement, quartz or silica sand, and other active chemicals that are mixed and
packaged for use in a dry powder form; the packaged mixture is then mixed with water and
applied to a concrete surface where it penetrates into the pores of concrete.
CSPE: chlorosulfonated polyethylene.
Cupola: a relatively small roofed structure, generally set on the ridge or peak of a main roof area
for ventilation or aesthetic purposes.
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Curb: (1) a raised member used to support roof penetrations, such as skylights, mechanical
equipment, hatches, etc. above the level of the roof surface; (2) a raised roof perimeter relatively
low in height.
Cure: a process whereby a material is caused to form permanent molecular linkages by exposure
to chemicals, heat, pressure and/or weathering.
Cure time: the time required for a material to reach its desirable long-term physical
characteristics.
Cured concrete: concrete that has attained its intended design performance properties.
Curing agent: an additive in a coating or adhesive that results in increased chemical activity
between the components with an increase or decrease in rate of cure.
Curing compound: a liquid that is sprayed or otherwise applied to newly placed concrete which
retards the loss of water during curing.
Cutback: solvent-thinned bitumen used in cold-process roofing adhesives, roof cements and roof
coatings. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition Glossary 981
Cutoff: a permanent detail designed to prevent lateral water movement in an insulation system
and used to isolate sections of a roofing system. (Note: A cutoff is different from a tie-in, which
may be a temporary or permanent seal.) (see Tie-In.)
Cutout: the open portions of a strip shingle between the tabs. Sometimes referred to as a keyway.
-D-
Damp-proofing: treatment of a surface or structure to resist the passage of water in the absence
of hydrostatic pressure.
Dead level: absolutely horizontal or zero slope. (see Slope.)
Dead-level asphalt: see Asphalt.
Dead loads: the weight of a structure itself, including the weight of fixtures or equipment
permanently attached to it.
Deck: a structural component of the roof of a building. The deck must be capable of safely
supporting the design dead and live loads, including the weight of the roof systems, and the
additional live loads required by the governing building codes and provide the substrate to which
the roofing or waterproofing system is applied the structural surface of a building to which a roof
assembly is installed. Decks are either non-combustible (e.g., corrugated metal, concrete, or
gypsum) or combustible (e.g., wood plank or plywood).
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Deflection (bowing, sagging): (1) the deformation of a structural member as a result of loads
acting on it; (2) any displacement in a body from its static position, or from an established
direction or plane, as a result of forces acting on the body.
Degradation: a deleterious change in the chemical structure, physical properties or appearance of
a material from natural or artificial exposure (e.g., exposure to radiation, moisture, heat, freezing,
wind, ozone, oxygen, etc.).
Degree days: a unit used in estimating the fuel consumption for a building; equal to the number
of degrees that the mean temperature, for a 24-hour day, is below the ―base temperature‖; the
base temperature is taken as 65° F (18.3° C) in the U.S.A.
Delamination: separation of the laminated layers of a component or system.
Design loads: the total load on a structural system for the most severe combination of loads and
forces which it is designed to sustain.
Dew-point temperature: the temperature at which air becomes saturated with water vapor. The
temperature at which air has a relative humidity of 100%.
Diaphragm: a floor slab, metal wall panel, roof panel, or the like, having a sufficiently large in-
plane shear stiffness and sufficient strength to transmit horizontal forces to resisting systems.
Diffusion: the movement of water vapor from regions of high concentration (high water vapor
pressure) toward regions of lower concentration.
Dimensional shingle: a shingle that is textured, overlaid, or laminated and designed to produce a
three-dimensional effect. (also see Laminated shingle and Architectural shingle.)
Dimensional stability: the degree to which a material maintains its original dimensions when
subjected to changes in temperature and humidity.
DOE: U.S. Department of Energy.
Dormer: a structure projecting from a sloping roof usually housing a window or ventilating
louver.
Double coverage: application of asphalt, slate, or wood roofing such that the lapped portion is at
least 2 inches (50 mm) wider than the exposed portion, resulting in two layers of roofing material
over the deck.
Double lock standing seam: in a metal roof panel or metal cap, a standing seam that uses a
double overlapping interlock between two metal panels. (see Standing seam.)
Double pour: to apply two layers or flood coats of bitumen and aggregate to a built-up roof.
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Downspout: a vertical pipe or conduit used to carry runoff water from a scupper, conductor head
or gutter of a building to a lower roof level or to the ground or storm water runoff system.
Drag load: the external force (e.g., from the weight of ice and snow) applied to a steep-slope roof
system component forcing the component down slope.
Drain: an outlet or other device used to collect and direct the flow of runoff water from a roof
area.
Drip edge: a metal flashing or other overhanging component with an outward projecting lower
edge, intended to control the direction of dripping water and help protect underlying building
components.
Dry: free or relatively free from a liquid, especially water; (2) to remove water or moisture.
Dry bulb temperature: the temperature of air as measured by an ordinary thermometer.
Dry film thickness: the thickness, expressed in mils, of an applied and cured coating or mastic.
For comparison, see Wet film thickness.
Drying time: the time required for the loss of volatile components so that the material will no
longer be adversely affected by weather conditions such as dew, rain, or freezing.
Dual level drain: in waterproofing, an outlet or other device with provisions for drainage at both
the wearing surface and waterproofing membrane levels used to collect and direct the flow of
runoff water from a horizontal slab.
Dynamic load: any load which is nonstatic, such as a wind load or moving live load.
-E-
Eave: the lower edge of a sloping roof that part of a roof which projects beyond the wall.
Eave height: the vertical dimension from finished grade to the eave.
Eave-trough: see Gutter.
ECH: polyepichlorohydrin, commonly referred to as epichlorohydrin. (see Epichlorohydrin.)
Edge stripping: membrane flashing strips cut to specific widths used to seal/flash perimeter edge
metal and the roof membrane application of felt strips cut to narrower widths than the normal
felt-roll width to cover a joint between metal perimeter flashing and built-up roofing.
Edge venting: the practice of providing regularly spaced or continuously protected (e.g.,
louvered) openings along a roof edge or perimeter, used as part of a ventilation system to
dissipate heat and moisture vapor.
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Efflorescence: an encrustation of soluble salts, commonly white, deposited on the surface of
stone, brick, plaster, or mortar; usually caused by free alkalies leached from mortar or adjacent
concrete as moisture moves through it.
EIP: ethylene interpolymer.
Elasticity: the property of a body that causes it to tend to return to its original shape after
deformation (as stretching, compression or torsion).
Elastomer: a macromolecular material that returns rapidly to its approximate initial dimensions
and shape after substantial deformation by a weak stress and subsequent release of that stress.
Elastomeric coating: a coating that is capable of being stretched at least twice its original length
(100 percent elongation) and recovering to its original dimensions.
Elongation: the ratio of the extension of a material to the length of the material prior to
stretching. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition Glossary 983
Embedment: (1) the process of pressing/positioning a felt, aggregate, fabric, mat, or panel into
hot bitumen or adhesive to ensure intimate contact at all points; (2) the process of
pressing/positioning granules into coating in the manufacture of factory-prepared roofing, such
as shingles.
Embrittlement: the loss of flexibility or elasticity of a material.
Emulsion: A mixture of bitumen and water, with uniform dispersion of the bitumen or water
globules, usually stabilized by an emulsifying agent or system.
End lap: the distance of overlap where one ply, pane, or piece extends beyond the end of the
immediately adjacent underlying ply, panel, or piece.
Envelope (Bitumen-stop): a continuous membrane edge seal formed at the perimeter and at
penetrations by folding the base sheet or ply over the plies above and securing it to the top of the
membrane. The envelope prevents bitumen seepage from the edge of the membrane.
EPDM: Ethylene propylene diene monomer (see also Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer.)
Epichlorohydrin (ECH): a synthetic rubber including two epichlorohydrin based elastomers. It is
similar to and compatible with EPDM.
Epoxy: a class of synthetic, thermosetting resins that produce tough, hard, chemical-resistant
coatings and adhesives.
Equilibrium moisture content (EMC): (1) the moisture content of a material stabilized at a given
temperature and relative humidity, expressed as percent moisture by weight.
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Equiviscous temperature (EVT): the temperature at which a bitumen attains the proper viscosity
for built-up membrane application.
Equiviscous temperature (EVT) application range: the recommended bitumen application
temperature range. The range is approximately 25° F (14° C) above or below the EVT, thus
giving a range of approximately 50° F (28° C). The EVT range temperature is measured in the
mop cart or mechanical spreader just prior to application of the bitumen to the substrate.
Equiviscous temperature (EVT) for asphalt: the recommended EVT for roofing asphalt (ASTM
D 312, Type I, II, III or IV) is as follows:
1. Mop application: the temperature at which the asphalt‘s apparent viscosity is 125
centipoise (0.125 Pa•s).
2. Mechanical spreader application: the temperature at which the asphalt‘s apparent viscosity
is 75 centipoise (0.075 Pa•s).
3. Note: In order to avoid the use of two kettles if there are simultaneous mop and
mechanical spreader applications, the EVT for mechanical spreader application can be used for
both application techniques.
Equiviscous temperature (EVT) for coal tar: the recommended EVT for roofing coal tar (ASTM
D 450, Type I or III) is the temperature at which the coal tar‘s apparent viscosity is 25 centipoise
(0.025 Pa•s).
Ethylene interpolymers (EIP): a group of thermoplastic compounds generally based on PVC
polymers from which certain single-ply roofing membranes can be formulated.
Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM): designated nomenclature of ASTM for a
terpolymer of ethylene, propylene and diene. EPDM material is a thermosetting synthetic
elastomer.
EVT: Equiviscous temperature.
Exhaust ventilation: air that is vented or exhausted from the roof cavity, typically through vents
installed on the up slope portion of the roof. For example, with most steep-slope roof assemblies,
exhaust vents are typically located at or near the ridge. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing
Manual—Fifth Edition 984 Glossary
Exotherm: heat generated by a chemical reaction.
Expansion cleat: a cleat designed to accommodate thermal movement of metal roof panels.
Expansion joint: a structural separation between two building elements that allows free
movement between the elements without damage to the roofing or waterproofing system.
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Exposed-nail method: a method of asphalt roll roofing application in which all nails are driven
into the adhered, overlapping course of roofing. Nails are exposed to the weather.
Exposure: (1) the traverse dimension of a roofing element or component not overlapped by an
adjacent element or component in a roof covering. For example, the exposure of any ply in a
built-up roof membrane may be computed by dividing the felt width, minus 2 inches (51 mm),
by the number of shingled plies; thus, the exposure of 36 inch (914 mm) wide felt in a shingled,
four-ply membrane should be approximately 81/2 inches (216 mm) (See Figure 8); (2) the
dimension of sidewall or roofing covering that is not covered or overlapped by the up slope
course of component. The typical exposure for a standard-sized, three-tab shingle is 5 inches
(127 mm), depending on manufacturer specifications.
Extrusion: a process in which heated or unheated material is forced through a shaping orifice (a
die) in one continuously formed shape, as in film, sheet, rod or tubing.
Eyebrow: a dormer, usually of small size, whose roof line over the upright face is typically an
arched curve, turning into a reverse curve to meet the horizontal at either end. Also, a small shed
roof projecting from the gable end of the larger, main roof area.
-F-
Fabric: a woven cloth or material of organic or inorganic filaments, threads, or yarns used for
reinforcement in certain membranes and flashings.
Factory Mutual Research (FMR): commonly referred to as ―FM,‖ a research and testing
organization that classifies roofing components and assemblies for their fire, traffic, impact
(hail), weathering, and wind-uplift resistance for four major insurance companies in the United
States.
Factory seam: a splice/seam made by the manufacturer during the assembly of sections of
materials into larger sheets/panels.
Fading: any lightening of initial color.
Fallback: a reduction in bitumen softening point, sometimes caused by refluxing or overheating
in a relatively closed container. (see Softening Point Drift.)
Fascia: (1) in steep-slope roofing, a board that is nailed to the ends of a roof rafter; sometimes
supports a gutter; (2) in low-slope roofing, the vertical or steeply sloped roof or trim located at
the perimeter of a building. Typically, it is a border for the low-slope roof system.
Fastener: any of a wide variety of mechanical securement devices and assemblies, including
nails, staples, screws, cleats, clips and bolts, which may be used to secure various components of
a roof assembly.
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Feathering strips: tapered wood filler strips placed along the butt ends of old wood shingles to
create a relatively smooth surface when reroofing over existing wood shingle roofs. Referred to
in some regions of the country as ―horse feathers,‖ or leveling strips.
Felt: a flexible sheet manufactured by the interlocking of fibers with a binder or through a
combination of mechanical work, moisture and heat. Felts are manufactured principally from
wood pulp and vegetable fibers (organic felts), asbestos fibers (asbestos felts), glass fibers (glass
fiber felts or ply sheets), or polyester fibers.
Felt machine (Felt Layer): a mechanical device used for applying bitumen and roofing felt or ply
sheet simultaneously.
Ferrule: a metal sleeve placed inside a gutter at the top. A spike or screw is nailed/screwed
through the gutter face and ferrule into the fascia board to hold the gutter in place. The ferrule
acts as a spacer in the gutter to maintain its original shape. The NRCA Roofing and
Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition Glossary 985
Field seam: a splice or seam made in the field (not factory) where overlapping sheets are joined
together using an adhesive, splicing tape, or heat- or solvent-welding.
Filler: a relatively inert ingredient added to modify physical characteristics.
Fillet: a heavy bead of waterproofing compound or sealant material generally installed at the
point where vertical and horizontal surfaces meet; to reduce the desired effect to take out the 90°
angle at the base of a vertical flashing.
Film: sheeting having a nominal thickness not greater than 10 mm(0.25 mm).
Film thickness: the thickness of a membrane or coating. Wet film thickness is the thickness of a
coating as applied; dry film thickness is the thickness after curing. Film thickness is usually
expressed in mils (thousandths of an inch).
Fin: a term used to describe a deck surface condition. A sharp raised edge (generally in concrete)
capable of damaging a roof membrane or vapor retarder.
Fine mineral-surfacing: water-insoluble, inorganic material, more than 50 percent of which
passes through a No. 35 sieve. Used on the surface of various roofing materials and membranes
to prevent sticking.
Fire resistance: the property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it.
Fire retardant treated (FRT) plywood: plywood impregnated under pressure with mineral salts.
In the event of fire, the burning wood and salts emit noncombustible gases and water vapor
instead of the usual flammable vapors.
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Fishmouth: (also referred to as an edge wrinkle) (1) a half-cylindrical or half-conical shaped
opening or void in a lapped edge or seam, usually caused by wrinkling or shifting of ply sheets
during installation; (2) in shingles, a half conical opening formed at a cut edge.
Flaking: in protective coatings, the detachment of small pieces of the coating film.
Flammable: subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion.
Flame retardant: a chemical used to impart flame resistance.
Flame spread: the propagation of a flame away from its source of ignition.
Flammability: those characteristics of a material that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and
ability to sustain combustion.
Flange: the projecting edge of a rigid or semi-rigid component, such as a metal edge flashing
flange.
Flash point: the lowest temperature at which vapors above a volatile combustible substance
ignite in air when exposed to a flame.
Flashing: components used to weatherproof or seal roof system edges at perimeters, penetrations,
walls, expansion joints, valley, drains and other places where the roof covering is interrupted or
terminated. For example, membrane base flashing covers the edge of the field membrane, and
cap flashings or counterflashings shield the upper edges of the base flashing.
Flashing cement: a trowelable mixture of solvent-based bitumen and mineral stabilizers that may
include asbestos or other inorganic or organic fibers. Generally, flashing cement is characterized
as vertical-grade, which indicates it is intended for use on vertical surfaces. (see Asphalt Roof
Cement and Plastic Cement.)
Flashing collar: (sometimes referred to as a roof jack or flashing boot) an accessory flashing used
to cover and/or seal soil pipe vents and other penetrations through the roof.
Flat lock: a method of interlocking metal panels in which one panel edge is folded back on top
of itself and the other panel is folded under, after which the two panels are hooked together. The
NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition 986 Glossary
Fleece: mats or felts composed of fibers, sometimes used as a membrane backer.
Flood (pour) coat: the surfacing layer of bitumen into which surfacing aggregate is embedded on
an aggregate surfaced built-up roof.
Flood test: the procedure in which a controlled amount of water is temporarily retained over a
horizontal surface to determine the effectiveness of the waterproofing system.
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Fluid-applied elastomer: a liquid elastomeric material that cures after application to form a
continuous waterproofing membrane.
Fly-in: method of application for roll materials by which the dry sheet is set into the bitumen or
adhesive applied to the roof surface.
FM: see Factory Mutual Research (FMR).
Foam stop: the roof edge treatment upon which SPF is terminated.
Force: a strength or energy exerted or brought to bear; cause of motion or change.
FPL: Forest Products Laboratory.
Froth pack: a term used to describe small, disposable aerosol cans that contain SPF components.
Two component froth packs are available to do small repairs for sprayed polyurethane foam-
based roofs.
-G-
G-90: a designation for galvanized metal sheet, indicating 0.90 ounces (26 g) of zinc per square
foot, measured on both sides.
Gable: the vertical triangular portion of the end of a building having a double-sloping roof, from
the level of the eaves to the ridge of the roof.
Gable roof: a single-ridge roof that terminates at gable end(s).
Galvalume: trade name for a metal alloy coating that is composed of aluminum, zinc and
silicone.
Galvanic action: an electrochemical action that generates electrical current between two metals
of dissimilar electrode potential.
Galvanic series: a list of metals and alloys arranged according to their relative electrolytic
potentials in a given environment.
Galvanize: to coat steel or iron with zinc.
Galvanized steel: steel coated with zinc for corrosion resistance.
Gambrel: a roof that has two pitches on each side, where the upper roof area has less slope than
the lower roof areas.
Gauge: a metal thickness measurement.
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Geocomposite: a prefabricated water drainage material used to relieve hydrostatic pressure
against waterproofing and promote drainage.
Geotextile: a tightly woven fabric used to restrict the flow of fine soil particles and other
contaminants while allowing water to pass freely through; used to protect drainage systems from
clogging.
Girt: a horizontal beam that supports wall cladding between columns.
Glass fiber insulation: blanket or rigid board insulation, composed of glass fibers bound together
with a binder, faced or unfaced, used to insulate roofs and walls. The NRCA Roofing and
Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition Glossary 987
Glass felt: glass fibers bonded into a sheet with resin and suitable for impregnation with asphalt
in the manufacture of bituminous waterproofing, roofing membranes and shingles.
Glass mat: a thin mat of glass fibers with or without a binder.
Glaze coat: (1) the top layer of asphalt on a smooth-surfaced built-up roof membrane; (2) a thin
protective coating of bitumen applied to the lower plies or top ply of a built-up roof membrane
when application of additional felts or the flood coat and aggregate surfacing are delayed (also
see Flood coat).
Gloss: the shine, sheen or luster of a dried film.
Grain: a unit of measure in the English System of units; 7,000 grains equals 1 lb.; used as a
measure of the weight of moisture in air.
Granule: (also referred to as mineral or ceramic granule) opaque, natural or synthetically colored
aggregate commonly used to surface cap sheets, shingles, and other granule-surfaced roof
coverings.
Gravel: coarse granular aggregate resulting from the natural erosion of rock.
Gravel stop: a flanged device, frequently metallic, designed to prevent loose aggregate from
washing off the roof and to provide a continuous finished edge for the roofing.
Groundwater level: at a particular site, the level, below which the subsoil and rock masses of the
earth are fully saturated with water.
Grout: a mixture of cement, sand, and water used to fill cracks and cavities in masonry.
Gusset: used at the bottom of a steep-slope roof system valley, a large flat metal piece(s) wider
than the valley to help prevent build-up at the base of the valley, either from debris or ice dam
formations.
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Gutter: a channeled component installed along the downslope perimeter of a roof to convey
runoff water from the roof to the drain leaders or downspouts.
Gypsum board panels: cementitious board stock with noncombustible core primarily comprised
of gypsum that is commonly used as a barrier board thermal barrier or cover board in a roof
assembly.
-H-
Hand-tabbing: method of spot applying asphalt-based adhesive to shingles for securement and
wind resistance.
Headlap: the distance of overlap measured from the uppermost ply or course to the point where it
laps over the undermost ply or course.
Heat flow: the quantity of heat transferred to or from a system in a unit of time.
Heat seaming: the process of joining thermoplastic films, membranes, or sheets by heating and
then applying pressure to bring both materials in contact with each other. (see Heat welding.)
Heat transfer: the transmission of thermal energy from a location of higher temperature to a
location of lower temperature. This can occur by conduction, convection or radiation.
Heat welding: method of melting and fusing together the overlapping edges of separate sheets or
sections of polymer modified bitumen, thermoplastics or some uncured thermoset roofing
membranes by the application of heat (in the form of hot air or open flame) and pressure (see
Heat seaming).
Hem: the edge created by folding metal back on itself.
Hip: the inclined external angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes.
Hip roof: a roof that rises by inclined planes to form one or more hips.
Hoist: a mechanical lifting device. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth
Edition 988 Glossary
Holiday: an area where a liquid-applied material is missing or absent.
Honeycomb: voids left in concrete resulting from failure of the mortar to effectively fill the
spaces among coarse aggregate particles.
Hot or Hot stuff: a roofing worker‘s term for hot bitumen.
Hue: the subjective perception of color such as red, yellow, green, blue, purple or some
combination; white, black or gray possess no hue.
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Humidity: the condition of the atmosphere with respect to water vapor. See relative humidity.
HVAC: heating, ventilating, and air conditioning equipment.
Hybrid roof covering: combination of two or more separate and distinct roof membranes; e.g.,
three ply smooth BUR and a modified bitumen cap.
Hydration: the chemical reaction by which a substance (such as Portland cement) combines with
water, giving off heat to form a crystalline structure in its setting and hardening.
Hydrocarbon: an organic chemical compound primarily containing the elements carbon and
hydrogen.
Hydrostatic pressure: the pressure equivalent to that exerted on a surface by a column of water of
a given height.
Hydrostatic pressure relief system: a system of perimeter and/or under slab drains used to
regulate the hydrostatic pressure in the earth surrounding a below-grade structure.
Hygroscopic: attracting, absorbing and retaining atmospheric moisture.
Hypalon™: a registered trademark of E.I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., for ‖chlorosulfonated
polyethylene‖ (CSPE). (see Chlorosulfonated polyethylene.)
-I-
ICBO: International Conference of Building Officials.
Ice dam: a mass of ice formed at the transition from a warm to a cold roof surface, frequently
formed by refreezing melt-water at the overhang of a steep roof, causing ice and water to back up
under roofing materials. Ice dam protection membrane: a continuous membrane installed
under steep slope roofing materials in areas subject to ice damming that prohibits water which
gets through the roof covering from getting into the structure. Must also seal the fasteners that
penetrates it.
Ignition temperature: the lowest temperature at which combustion will occur spontaneously
under specific conditions.
Impact resistance: resistance to fracture under the sudden application of an exerted force.
Impregnate: In roofing materials manufacture, to completely surround the fibers in a felt or mat
with bitumen, with the spaces between the fibers partially or completely filled without a
continuous coating of bitumen on the surface.
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Infrared thermography: The process of displaying variations of apparent temperatures (variation
of temperature or emissivity or both) over the surface of an object by measuring variations in
infrared radiance.
Inorganic: being or composed of materials other than hydrocarbons and their derivatives, or
matter that is not of plant or animal origin.
Insect screen: wire mesh used to prevent insects from entering the building through ventilators,
louvers, or other openings.
In-service R-value: thermal resistance value established under installed conditions and measured
over the expected service life of the material. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—
Fifth Edition Glossary 989
Insulation: any of a variety of materials designed to reduce the flow of heat, either from or into a
building. (see also Thermal insulation.)
Intake ventilation: the fresh air that is drawn into a passive ventilation system through vents
typically installed in the soffit or eave of a roof.
Interlayment: a felt, metal, or membrane sheet material used between courses of steep-slope
roofing to improve the weather- and water-shedding characteristics of the primary roof covering
during times of wind-driven precipitation. Typically used with wood shakes.
Interlocking shingles: individual shingles that mechanically attach to each other to provide
enhanced wind resistance without reliance on sealing strips.
Inverted roof membrane assembly (IRMA™): a patented, proprietary variation of the ―protected
membrane roof assembly‖ in which Styrofoam® brand insulation and ballast are placed over the
roof membrane. IRMA™ and Styrofoam® are registered trademarks of the Dow Chemical
Company.
ISANTA: International Staple, Nail & Tool Association
Isocyanate: a highly reactive organic chemical containing one or more isocyanate (-N=C=0)
groups. A basic component in SPF based systems and some polyurethane coating systems.
Isolation sheet: refer to slip sheet.
-J-
Joist: any of the small timbers, metal or wood beams arranged parallel to each other and
spanning from wall to wall to support a floor, ceiling, or roof of a building.
Joule: a unit of energy or work; equals the work done by a force of 1 Newton which acts over a
distance of 1 meter in the direction of the force.
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-K-
k or k-Value: thermal conductivity; the time rate of heat flow through a unit area of a
homogeneous material in a direction perpendicular to isothermal planes induced by a unit
temperature gradient. In English (inch-pound) units of measurement, it is the number of BTUs
that pass through a 1 inch (25 mm) thickness of a 1 square foot (0.09 m2) sample of material in 1
hour with a temperature difference between the two surfaces of 1° F. It is expressed as
BTU•inch/h•ft2•°F.
Kerf: (1) a slit or notch made by a saw or cutting torch; (2) the width of cut made by a saw or
cutting torch.
Kesternich test: simulates acid rain conditions by subjecting test specimens to a sulfur dioxide
atmosphere as well as condensing moisture for the purpose of evaluating rust/corrosion
characteristics.
Knee cap: a metal cover trim that fits over a panel rib after it is cut and bent.
Knee joints: see Knuckle.
Knuckle: a metal closure, either shop-or pre-fabricated, installed over the cut seam of a
continuous metal roof panel at the transition from a steep-slope roof to a vertical roof or wall.
-L-
Laitance: a weak layer of cement and aggregate fines on a concrete surface that is usually caused
by an over wet mixture, overworking the mixture, improper or excessive finishing or
combination thereof.
Laminate: to join layers of materials together using fusion; the process of joining layers of
materials together using adhesion.
Laminated shingles: see Dimensional shingles or Architectural shingles.
Lap: that part of a roofing, waterproofing, or flashing component that overlaps or covers any
portion of the same or another type of adjacent component.
Lap cement: an asphalt-based roof cement formulated to adhere overlapping plies or asphalt roll
roofing. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition 990 Glossary
Lap seam: occurs where overlapping materials are seamed, sealed or otherwise bonded.
Latex: a stable dispersion of polymeric substance in an essentially aqueous medium.
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Lead: a soft malleable, heavy metal; has low melting point and a high coefficient of thermal
expansion.
Leader head: see Conductor head.
Lift: the sprayed polyurethane foam that results from a pass. It usually is associated with a
certain pass thickness and has a bottom layer, center mass and top skin in its makeup.
Liquid-applied: application of bituminous cements, adhesives or coatings installed at ambient or
slightly elevated temperatures.
Liquid-applied built-up roof: a continuous, semi-flexible roof membrane, consisting of multiple
plies of felts, mats or fabrics laminated together with alternate layers of roof cements and
surfaced with a liquid -applied coating with or without aggregate surfacing.
Live loads: temporary loads that the roof structure must be designed to support, as required by
governing building codes. Live loads are generally moving and/or dynamic or environmental,
(e.g., people, installation equipment, snow, ice or rain, etc.).
Loose-laid membrane: a ballasted roofing membrane that is attached to the substrate only at the
edges and penetrations through the roof.
Low-slope roofs: a category of roofs that generally include weatherproof membrane types of roof
systems installed on slopes at or less than 3:12 (14 degrees).
Low temperature flexibility: the ability of a membrane or other material to resist cracking when
flexed after it cools to a low temperature.
-M-
Mansard: a decorative steep-sloped roof on the perimeter of a building.
Mansard roof: a steeper roof that terminates into a flat roof at its high point.
Masonry: construction, usually set in mortar, of natural building stone or manufactured units,
such as brick, concrete block, adobe, glass block, tile, manufactured stone or gypsum block.
Mastic: a thick adhesive material used as a cementing agent for holding waterproofing
membrane in place. (see Asphalt roof cement).
Mat: a thin layer of woven, non-woven, or knitted fiber that serves as reinforcement to a material
or membrane.
Mat slab: a concrete slab designed with reinforcement to resist the uplift forces created by
hydrostatic pressure.
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Material safety data sheets (MSDS): a written description of the chemicals in a product and other
pertinent data, including such things as safe handling and emergency procedures. In accordance
with OSHA regulations, it is the manufacturer‘s responsibility to produce an MSDS and the
employer‘s responsibility to communicate its contents to employees.
Mechanical damage: in SPF-based roofing, physical damage to a completed SPF-based roof
system not caused by normal wear and tear.
Mechanically fastened membranes: generally used to describe membranes attached at defined
intervals to the substrate.
Membrane: a flexible or semi-flexible roof covering or waterproofing whose primary function is
to exclude water.
Metal: any of various opaque, fusible, ductile and typically lustrous substances that are good
conductors of electricity and heat. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth
Edition Glossary 991
Metallic waterproofing: consist of finely graded iron particles combined with an oxidizing
catalyst. When mixed with water (or water, cement, and sand), the finely distributed particles
expand, creating a waterproof layer that becomes a part of the surface to which it is applied.
Metal rain collar: a metal counterflashing used to wrap a penetration and prevent water
infiltration though the top of the penetration base flashing.
Meter: unit of length measurement in the metric system; 1 meter is equal to 39.37 inches.
Metal roof panel: an interlocking metal sheet having a minimum installed weather exposure of 3
square feet (279000 mm2 or 0.28 m2) per sheet.
Metal roof shingle: an interlocking metal sheet having an installed weather exposure less than 3
square feet (279000 mm2 or 0.28 m2) per sheet.
Mil: a unit of measure, one mil is equal to 0.001 inches, or 25.4 micrometers (µm), often used to
indicate the thickness of a roofing membrane.
Mildew: a superficial growth produced on organic matter or living plants by fungi.
Millimeter: a unit of measure equal to one thousandth (0.001) of a meter, or 0.03937 inches.
Mineral fiber: insulation composed principally of fibers manufactured from rock, slag or glass,
with or without binders.
Mineral granules: see Granules.
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Mineral stabilizer: a fine, water-insoluble inorganic material, used in a mixture with solid or
semi-solid bituminous materials.
Mineral-surfaced roofing: roofing materials whose surface or top layer consists of a granule-
surfaced sheet.
Mineral-surfaced sheet: a roofing sheet that is coated on one or both sides with asphalt and
surfaced with mineral granules.
Miter joint: a joint between two members at an angle to each other; each member is cut at an
angle equal to half the angle of the junction; usually the members are at right angles to each
other.
Model (building) codes: a compilation of standards or codes established to provide uniformity in
regulations pertaining to building construction.
Modified bitumen: (1) a bitumen modified by including one or more polymers (e.g., atactic
polypropylene, styrene butadiene styrene, etc.); (2) composite sheets consisting of a polymer
modified bitumen often reinforced with various types of mats or films and sometimes surfaced
with films, foils or mineral granules.
Moisture contour map: a map used to graphically define the location of moisture within a roof
assembly after a moisture scan is performed.
Moisture relief vent: a venting device installed through the roofing membrane to relieve moisture
vapor pressure from within the roofing system.
Moisture scan: the use of a mechanical device (capacitance, infrared, or nuclear) to detect the
presence of moisture within a roof assembly. (see Non-destructive testing.)
Mole run: a meandering ridge in a roof membrane not associated with insulation or deck joints.
Monolithic: formed from or composed of a single material; seamless.
Monomer: a low-molecular-weight substance consisting of molecules capable of reacting with
like or unlike molecules to form a polymer. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—
Fifth Edition 992 Glossary
Mop-and-flop: an application procedure in which roofing elements (insulation boards, felt plies,
cap sheets, etc.) are initially placed upside down adjacent to their ultimate locations; coated with
adhesive or bitumen; and turned over and adhered to the substrate.
Mopping: the application of hot bitumen with a mop or mechanical applicator to the substrate or
plies of a bituminous membrane. There are four types of mopping.
1. Solid mopping: a continuous coating.
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2. Spot mopping: bitumen is applied roughly in circular areas, leaving a grid of un-mopped
perpendicular areas.
3. Sprinkle mopping: bitumen is shaken onto the substrate from a broom or mop in a random
pattern.
4. Strip mopping: bitumen is applied in parallel bands.
Mud cracking: surface cracking resembling a dried mud flat.
Mud slab: a layer of concrete, typically 2 inches (50 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm) thick, used as the
substrate for membrane waterproofing.
-N-
Nailer: (sometimes referred to as blocking) a piece or pieces of dimensional lumber and/or
plywood secured to the structural deck or walls, which provide a receiving medium for the
fasteners used to attach membrane or flashing.
NBP: acrylonitrile butadiene polymer blend. One proprietary NBP membrane is commonly
referred to as nitrile butadiene copolymer.
Negative side waterproofing: an application wherein the waterproofing system and source of
hydrostatic pressure are on opposite sides of the structural element.
Neoprene: a synthetic rubber (polychloroprene) used in liquid and sheet-applied elastomeric roof
membranes or flashings.
Nesting: (1) the installation of new metal roof deck directly on top of existing metal roof deck;
(2) a method of reroofing with new asphalt shingles over existing shingles in which the top edge
of the new shingle is butted against the bottom edge of the existing shingle.
Net free vent area: the area (measured in square inches) open to unrestricted air flow and
commonly used as a yardstick to measure relative vent performance; the area of the opening of a
vent minus the area displaced by the screening material.
Newton (N): SI unit of measure for force.
Night seal (or night tie-in): a material and/or method used to temporarily seal a membrane edge
during construction to protect the roofing assembly in place from water penetration. Usually
removed when roofing application is resumed.
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology
Nitrile alloy: an elastomeric material of synthetic nonvulcanizing polymers.
Nitrile rubber: a membrane whose predominant resinous ingredient is a synthetic rubber made by
the polymerization of acrylonitrile with butadiene.
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Noble metal: a metal that readily receives electrons from an anodic metal (see Galvanic series).
No-cutout shingles: shingles consisting of a single solid strip with no cutouts.
Nondestructive testing (NDT): a method to evaluate the disposition, strength or composition of
materials or systems without damaging the object under test. Typically used to evaluate moisture
content in roofing assemblies, the three common test methods are electrical capacitance, infrared
thermography and nuclear back-scatter.
Nonflammable: not easily ignited and not burning rapidly if ignited.
Nonfriable: a material that, when dry, cannot be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by
hand pressure.
Nonoxidizing: a material which resists oxidation in exterior exposures or accelerated weathering.
Non-traffic bearing: for waterproofing purposes, a membrane system requiring some form of
protection barrier and wearing surface.
Nonvolatile content: the portion of a coating that does not evaporate during drying or curing
under specified conditions, comprising the binder and, if present, the pigment. (The percent
volatile content is obtained by subtracting the nonvolatile content from 100.).
Nonwoven fabric: a textile structure produced by bonding or interlocking of fibers, or both,
accomplished by mechanical, chemical, thermal, or solvent means and combinations thereof.
NRCA: National Roofing Contractors Association.
Nuclear hydrogen detection (NHD) meter: a device that contains a radioactive source to emit
high velocity neutrons into a roof system. Reflecting neutrons are measured by a gauge that is
used to detect hydrogen; the quantity of hydrogen detected may be linked to the pressure of
water.
Nylon: generic name for a family of polyamide polymers, used as a scrim in some fabric-
reinforced sheeting.
-O-
Off-ratio foam: SPF that has excess isocyanate or resin. Off-ratio will not exhibit the full
physical properties of normal SPF.
Open time: the period of time after an adhesive is applied and allowed to dry, during which an
effective bond can be achieved by joining the two surfaces.
Open valley: a method of valley construction in which the steep-slope roofing on both sides are
trimmed along each side of the valley, exposing the metal valley flashing.
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Orange peel surface texture: in SPF roofing, a condition of the foam in which the surface shows
a fine texture and is compared to the exterior skin of an orange. This surface is considered
acceptable for receiving a protective coating.
Organic: being or composed of hydrocarbons or their derivatives, or matter of plant or animal
origin.
Organic felt: an asphalt roofing base material manufactured from cellulose fibers.
Organic shingle: an asphalt shingle reinforced with material manufactured from cellulose fibers.
ORNL: Oak Ridge National Laboratory.
Osmosis: movement of a solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into a solution of higher
solute concentration that tends to equalize the concentration of solute on the two sides of the
membranes.
Overflow drainage: component in a roof drainage system used to protect the roof against damage
from a water load imposed by blocked or partially blocked primary drainage system; e.g.,
overflow scupper, overflow interior drain.
Overspray: undesirable depositions of airborne spray.
Overspray surface texture: in SPF roofing, a condition of the foam in which the surface shows a
linear coarse textured pattern and/or a pebbled surface. This surface is generally downwind of
the sprayed polyurethane path and, if severe, unacceptable for proper coating coverage and
protection.
Ozone: a triatomic form of oxygen that is a bluish gas of pungent odor; is formed naturally in the
upper atmosphere by a photochemical reaction with solar ultraviolet radiation. The NRCA
Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition 994 Glossary
Ozone resistance: the ability of a material to resist the deteriorating effects of ozone exposure.
-P-
Pallet: a platform (typically wooden) used for storing and shipping materials.
Pan: the bottom flat part of a roofing panel that is between the ribs of the panel.
Pan former: power roll-forming equipment that produces a metal roofing panel from a flat sheet.
Parapet wall: the part of a perimeter wall that extends above the roof.
Parge: in masonry construction, a coat of cement mortar on the face of rough masonry, the earth
side of foundation and basement walls, or the like.
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Partially attached: a roofing assembly where the membrane is ―spot affixed‖ to a substrate,
usually with an adhesive or a mechanical device.
Parting agent: a material applied to one or both surfaces of a sheet to prevent blocking.
Pascal: SI unit of measure for force per unit area; 1 Pa=1 N/m2.
Pass: (1) a layer of material, usually applied by the spray method, that is allowed to reach cure
before another layer (―pass‖) is applied; (2) a term used to explain a spray motion of the foam
gun in the application of the spray polyurethane foam (SPF) material. The speed of the pass
controls the thickness of the SPF.
Pass line: the junction of two passes of SPF. A distinct line is formed by the top skin of the
bottom pass and the next pass adhering to this skin.
Pedestal: a support or base for roof top components such as pavers, pipes and small roof top
units.
Peel strength: the average load per unit width required to separate progressively a flexible
member from a rigid member or another flexible member.
Penetration: (1) any construction (e.g., pipes, conduits, HVAC supports) passing through the
roof; (2) the consistency of a bituminous material expressed as the distance, in tenths of a
millimeter (0.1 mm), that a standard needle penetrates vertically into a sample of material under
specified conditions of loading, time, and temperature.
Perlite: an aggregate used in lightweight insulating concrete and preformed perlite insulation
boards, formed by heating and expanding siliceous volcanic glass.
Perm: see Permeance.
Permeability: (1) the capacity of a porous material to conduct or transmit fluids; (2) the time rate
of vapor transmission through unit area of flat material of unit thickness induced by unit vapor
pressure difference between two specific surfaces, under specified temperature and humidity
conditions. The English (inch•pound) unit of measurement for permeability is gr/hr•ft2•(in.
Hg/in.), which is commonly referred to as ―perm•inch‖ units.
Permeance: (1) the rate of water vapor transmission per unit area at a steady state through a
material, membrane, or assembly; (2) the time rate of water vapor transmission through unit area
of flat material or construction induced by unit vapor pressure difference between two specific
surfaces, under specified temperature and humidity conditions. The English (inch•pound) unit of
measurement for permeance is gr/h•ft2•in. Hg, which is commonly referred to as ―perm‖ units.
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pH: a measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a solution, with neutrality represented by a value of
7, with increasing acidity represented by increasingly smaller values, and with increasing
alkalinity represented by increasingly larger values.
Phased application: the installation of a roofing or waterproofing system during two or more
separate time intervals or different days. Application of surfacings at different time intervals are
typically not considered phased application. (see Surfacing.) A roofing system not installed in a
continuous operation. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition Glossary
995.
Picture framing: a square or rectangular pattern of ridges in a roof membrane or covering over
insulation or deck joints.
Pigment: an insoluble compounding material used to impart color.
Pinhole: a tiny hole in a coating, film, foil, membrane or laminate comparable in size to one
made by a pin.
Pipe boot: prefabricated flashing piece used to flash around circular pipe penetrations.
Pitch: see Coal tar.
Pitch-pocket (Pitch-pan): a flanged, open bottomed enclosure made of sheet metal or other
material, placed around a penetration through the roof, filled with grout and bituminous or
polymeric sealants to seal the area around the penetration.
Pittsburgh lock seam: a method of interlocking metal, usually at a slope change.
Plastic cement: a roofing industry generic term used to describe asphalt roof cement that is a
trowelable mixture of solvent-based bitumen, mineral stabilizers, and other fibers and/or fillers.
Generally, intended for use on relatively low slopes, not vertical surfaces. (also see Asphalt roof
cement and Flashing cement.)
Plasticizer: a material incorporated in a material to increase its ease of workability, flexibility or
distensibility.
Plasticizer migration: in some thermoplastic roofing membranes, the loss of plasticizer chemicals
from the membrane, resulting in shrinkage and embrittlement of the membrane, typically PVC.
Pliability: the material property of being flexible or moldable.
Ply: a layer of felt or ply sheet in a built-up roof membrane or roof system.
PMR: protected membrane roof. Polychloroprene: see Neoprene.
Polyester: a polymer in which the repeated structural unit in the chain is of the ester type.
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Polyisobutylene (PIB): a product formed by the polymerization of isobutylene. May be
compounded for use as a roof membrane material.
Polymer: a macromolecular material formed by the chemical combination of monomers having
either the same or different chemical composition.
Polymer modified bitumen: see Modified bitumen.
Polymeric Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (PMDI): component A in SPF. An organic
chemical compound having two reactive isocyanate groups. It is mixed with the B component to
form polyurethane.
Polymerization: a chemical reaction in which monomers are linked together to form polymers.
Polypropylene: a polymer prepared by the polymerization of propylene as the sole monomers.
Polyol: a polyhydric alcohol, i.e., one containing three or more hydroxyl groups, one component
of polyisocyanurate and polyurethane compounds.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): a synthetic thermoplastic polymer prepared from vinylchloride. PVC
can be compounded into flexible and rigid forms through the use of plasticizers, stabilizers,
fillers and other modifiers. Rigid forms are used in pipes; flexible forms are used in the
manufacture of sheeting and roof membrane materials.
Polystyrene: a polymer prepared by the polymerization of styrene as the sole monomer.
Pond: a surface which is incompletely drained. The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing
Manual—Fifth Edition 996 Glossary
Ponding: the excessive accumulation of water at low-lying areas on a roof that remains after the
48 hours after the end rainfall under conditions conducive to drying.
Pop rivet: a relatively small-headed pin with an expandable head for joining light gauge sheet
metal.
Popcorn surface texture: in SPF roofing, the condition in which the foam surface shows a coarse
texture where valleys form sharp angles. This surface is unacceptable for proper coating and
protection.
Positive drainage: the drainage condition where consideration is made during design for all
loading deflections of the deck and additional roof slope is provided to ensure drainage of the
roof area within 48 hours following rainfall during conditions conducive to drying.
Positive side waterproofing: an application where the waterproofing systems and the source of
the hydrostatic pressure are on the same side of the structural element.
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Pot life (Working life): the period of time during which a reacting composition remains suitable
for its intended processing after mixing with reaction initiating agents.
Pourable sealer: a type of sealant often supplied in two parts and used at difficult-to-flash
penetrations, typically in conjunction with pitch-pockets to form a seal.
Press brake: a machine used in cold-forming sheet metal or strips of metal into desired profiles.
Pre-stressed concrete: concrete in which the reinforcing cables, wires or rods in the concrete are
tensioned before there is load on the structural member, holding the concrete in compression for
greater strength.
Pre-tinning: coating a metal with solder or tin alloy prior to soldering or brazing it.
Primer: (1) a thin, liquid solvent-based bitumen applied to a surface to improve the adhesion of
subsequent applications of bitumen; (2) a material sometimes used in the process of seaming
single-ply membranes to prepare the surfaces and increase the strength (in shear and peel) of the
field splice; (3) a thin liquid material applied to the surface of SPVF to improve the adhesion of
subsequent application of SPVF protective coatings.
Proportioner: the basic pumping unit for SPF or two-component coating systems. Consists of
two positive displacement pumps designed to dispense two components at a precisely controlled
ratio.
Protection course: a sacrificial material used to shield a waterproofing material from damaging
external forces.
Protection mat: a sacrificial material used to shield one roof system component from another.
Protected membrane roof (PMR): an insulated and ballasted roofing assembly in which the
insulation and ballast are applied on top of the membrane (sometimes referred to as an ―inverted
roof assembly‖).
Psychrometer: an instrument used to measure humidity in the atmosphere from two
thermometers which are similar except the bulb of one is wet, and the bulb of the other is dry.
Psychrometric chart: chart showing the relationship between dew point temperature, dry bulb
temperature, wet bulb temperature and relative humidity.
Puncture resistance: the ability of a material to withstand the action of a penetrating or
puncturing object.
Purlin: horizontal secondary structural member that transfers loads from the primary structural
framing.
PVC: polyvinyl chloride.
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-R-
R-value: see Thermal resistance.
Racking: a method of asphalt shingle application also referred to as the straight-up method,
whereby shingle courses are applied vertically, up the roof rather than laterally or across and up.
The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition Glossary 997
Rafter: one of a series of sloped structural members, extending from the ridge or hip to the down-
slope perimeter or eave, designed to support the roof deck and its associated loads.
Raggle: a groove or slot, often cut in a masonry wall or other vertical surface adjoining a roof,
for inserting an inset flashing component such as a reglet.
Rake: the sloped edge of a roof at or adjacent to the first or last rafter.
Rake-starter (Bleeder strip): starter-strip used along rake edges in conjunction with asphalt
shingle roofing.
Re-cover: the addition of a new roof membrane or steep-slope roof covering over a major portion
of an existing roof assembly. This process does not involve removal of the existing roofing.
Reflectivity: see Light reflectance.
Reglet: a sheet metal receiver for the attachment of counterflashing. A reglet may be surface-
mounted, inset into a raggle or embedded behind cladding.
Reinforced membrane: a roofing or waterproofing membrane strengthened by the addition or
incorporation of one or more reinforcing materials, including woven or nonwoven glass fibers,
polyester mats or scrims, nylon, or polyethylene sheeting.
Relative humidity (RH): the ratio of the pressure of water vapor present in a given volume of air
to the pressure of fully saturated water vapor at the same temperature, expressed as a percentage.
Release tape (or Strip): a plastic film or paper strip that is applied to the back of self-sealing
shingles and other materials. The strip prevents the material from sticking together in the roll or
bundle. With asphalt shingles, the strip need not be removed for application of the shingles.
Replacement: the practice of removing an existing roof system down to the roof deck and
replacing it with a new roofing system.
Reroofing: the process of re-covering, or tearing-off and replacing an existing roof system.
Resin: component B in SPF. This component contains a catalyst, blowing agent, fire retardants,
surfactants and polyol. It is mixed with the A component to form polyurethane.
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Ridge: highest point on the roof, represented by a horizontal line where two roof areas intersect,
running the length of the area.
Ridge cap: a material or covering applied over the ridge of a roof.
Ridge course: the last or top course of roofing materials, such as tile, roll roofing, shingles, etc.,
that covers the ridge and overlaps the intersecting field roofing.
Ridge vent: a ventilator located at the ridge that allows the escape of warm and/or moist air from
the attic area or rafter cavity.
Ridging: see Buckle.
Roll materials: a general term applied to rolls of roofing felt, ply sheet, etc., which are typically
furnished in rolls.
Roll roofing: coated felts, either smooth or mineral-surfaced.
Roof: (1) the cover of a building; (2) to cover with a roof.
Roof area divider: refer to area divider.
Roof area expansion Joint: see expansion joint.
Roof assembly: an assembly of interacting roof components including the roof deck, vapor
retarder (if present), insulation and roof covering.
Roof cement: see Asphalt roof cement or Coal tar roof cement.
Roof covering: the exterior roof cover or skin of the roof assembly, consisting of membrane,
panels, sheets, shingles, tiles, etc.
Roof curb: raised frame used to mount mechanical units (such as air conditioning or exhaust
fans), skylights, etc. on a roof.
Roof jack: a metal or wood bracket used to support toe-boards on steep-slope roofs. (also see
Flashing Collar.)
Roof overhang: a roof extension beyond the exterior wall of a building.
Roof seamer: (1) machine that crimps neighboring metal roof panels together; (2) machine that
welds laps of membrane sheets together using heat, solvent, or dielectric energy.
Roof slope: the angle a roof surface makes with the horizontal, expressed as a ratio of the units
of vertical rise to the units of horizontal length (sometimes referred to as run). For English units
of measurement, when dimensions are given in inches, slope may be expressed as a ratio of rise
to run, such as 4:12 or as an angle.
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Roof system: a system of interacting roof components, generally consisting of a membrane or
primary roof covering and roof insulation (not including the roof deck) designed to weatherproof
and, sometimes, to improve the building‘s thermal resistance.
Rosin paper (specifically Rosin-sized sheathing paper): a non-asphaltic paper used as a sheathing
paper or slip sheet in some roof systems.
Rubber: a material that is capable of recovering from large deformations quickly and forcibly.
Run: horizontal dimension of a slope.
-S-
Saddle: a small tapered/sloped roof area structure that helps to channel surface water to drains.
Frequently located in a valley. A saddle is often constructed like a small hip roof or pyramid with
a diamond-shaped base. (see Cricket.)
Sag: undesirable excessive flow in material after application to a surface.
Saturated felt: a felt immersed in hot bitumen; the felt adsorbs as much bitumen as it can retain
under the processing conditions, but remains porous and contains voids.
SBCCI: Southern Building Code Congress International, Inc.
SBS: see Styrene butadiene styrene.
Scarfed: shaped by grinding.
Screeding: the process of striking off excess concrete to bring the top surface of the concrete to
the proper finish and elevation.
Screen wall: a nonstructural wall erected around units or curbs on a roof. Typically the framing
consists of girts with wood or metal covering attached to the frame.
Scrim: a woven, nonwoven or knitted fabric composed of continuous strands of material used for
reinforcing or strengthening membranes.
Scupper: drainage device in the form of an outlet through a wall, parapet wall or raised roof edge
lined with a soldered sheet metal sleeve.
Scuttle: a hatch that provides access to the roof from the interior of the building.
SDI: Steel Deck Institute.
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Sealant: (1) a material that has the adhesive and cohesive properties to form a seal; (2) a mixture
of polymers, fillers, and pigments used to fill and seal joints where moderate movements is
expected; unlike caulking, it cures to a resilient solid.
Sealant backing: a compressible material placed in a joint before applying a sealant.
Sealer: a coating designed to prevent excessive absorption of finish coats into porous surfaces; a
coating designed to prevent bleeding.
Sealing washer: a rubber or neoprene washer, sometimes metal-backed, typically placed on a
fastener to prevent water from migrating into and through the fastener hole.
Seam: a joint formed by mating two separate sections of material. Seams can be made or sealed
in a variety of ways, including adhesive bonding, hot-air welding, solvent welding, using
adhesive tape, sealant, etc.
Seam sample: in single-ply and sometimes modified bitumen membrane roofing, a sample from
the membrane that extends through the side lap of adjacent rolls of membrane, taken for the
purpose of assessing the quality of the seam.
Self-adhering membrane: a membrane that can adhere to a substrate and to itself at overlaps
without the use of an additional adhesive. The undersurface of a self-adhering membrane is
protected by a release paper or film, which prevents the membrane from bonding to itself during
shipping and handling.
Self-drilling screw: a fastener that taps and drills its own hole during application.
Self-sealing shingle: an asphalt shingle containing a factory-applied strip or spots of heat
sensitive adhesive intended to adhere the overlying shingle once installed on the roof and
warmed by the sun.
Self-tapping screw: a fastener that forms receiving threads when turned in a previously drilled
hole.
Selvage: (1) an edge or edging that differs from the main part of a fabric, granule-surfaced roll
roofing or cap sheet, or other material; (2) a specially defined edge of the material (lined for
demarcation), which is designed for some special purpose, such as overlapping or seaming.
Separator layer: refer to Slip sheet.
Service temperature limits: the minimum or maximum temperature at which a coating, SPF or
other material will perform satisfactorily.
Set: to convert into a fixed or hardened state by chemical or physical action.
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Shading: slight differences in surfacing color, such as shingle granule coloring, that may occur as
a result of manufacturing operations.
Shark fin: an upward-curled felt side lap or end lap.
Shear strength: the resistance to forces that cause or tend to cause two contiguous parts of a body
to slide relative to each other in a direction parallel to their contrast.
Shed roof: a roof having only one sloping plane and no hips, ridges or valleys.
Shelf life: the maximum time a packaged material can be stored under specified conditions and
still meet the performance requirements specified.
Shingle: (1) a small unit of prepared roofing designed for installation with similar units in
overlapping rows or courses on inclines normally exceeding 3:12 slope (14°); (2) to cover with
shingles; (3) to apply any sheet material in succeeding overlapping rows like shingles. The
NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition 1000 Glossary
Shingling: (1) the application of shingles; (2) the procedure laying parallel felts so that one
longitudinal edge of each felt overlaps and the other longitudinal edge underlaps an adjacent felt.
Normally felts are shingled on a slope so that water flows over rather than against each lap.
Shrinkage: a decrease in one or more dimensions of an object or material.
Shrinkage crack: in waterproofing, a separation in a material, such as a concrete substrate,
caused by the inability of the material to resist a reduction in size which occurs during its
hardening or curing process or both.
SI: an abbreviation for the International System of Units (Le Systeme International d‘Unites).
Side lap: the continuous longitudinal overlap of neighboring like materials.
Side lap fastener: a fastener used to connect adjacent panels together at the side lap.
Siding: the finish covering of an exterior wall of a frame building; the siding may be a cladding
material such as wood, aluminum or vinyl (but not masonry).
Sieve: an apparatus with square apertures for separating sizes of material.
Sill: the bottom horizontal framing member of an opening, such as below a window or door.
Sill flashing: a flashing of the bottom horizontal framing member of an opening, such as below a
window or door.
Single-lock standing seam: a standing seam that uses one overlapping interlock between two
seam panels, in contrast with the double interlocking used in a double standing seam.
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Single-ply membranes: roofing membranes that are field applied using just one layer of
membrane material (either homogeneous or composite) rather than multiple layers.
Single-ply roofing: a roofing system in which the principal roof covering is a single layer
flexible membrane often thermoset or thermoplastic membrane.
Skinning: the formation of a dense film on the surface of a liquid coating or mastic.
Skirt flashing: a formed metal counterflashing secured under a mechanical unit or skylight to
cover and protect the upper edge of a base flashing and its associated fasteners.
Skylight: an opening in a roof that is glazed with a transparent or translucent material; used to
admit diffused light to the space below.
Slab on grade: a horizontal placement of concrete placed directly over a prepared earth substrate.
Slag: a hard aggregate that is left as a residue from blast furnaces, which may be used as a
surfacing material on certain (typically bituminous) roof membrane systems.
Slate: a hard, brittle metamorphic rock consisting mainly of clay minerals, used extensively as
dimensional stone for steep roofing and in granular form as surfacing on some other roofing
materials.
Slating hook: a steep-slope roofing attachment device, shaped like a hook, that can be used for
fastening roofing slate.
Slip sheet: sheet material, such as reinforced kraft paper, rosin-sized paper, polyester scrim or
polyethylene sheeting, placed between two components of a roof assembly (such as between
membrane and insulation or deck) to ensure that no adhesion occurs between them and to
prevent possible damage from chemical incompatibility, wearing or abrasion of the membrane.
Slit sample: in SPF roofing, a small cut about 1 inch x 1/2 inch x 1/2 inch (25 mm x 13 mm x 13
mm), in a half-moon shape, used to measure coating film thickness.
Slope: the angle of incline, usually expressed as a ratio of rise to run, or as an angle. (See Roof
Slope.) The NRCA Roofing and Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition Glossary 1001
SMACNA: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors National Association.
Smooth surface texture: in SPF roofing, the condition of the foam in which the surface shows
spray undulation and is ideal for receiving a protective coating.
Smooth-surfaced roof: a roof membrane without mineral granule or aggregate surfacing.
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Snap-on cap: a separate cap that snaps on over the vertical legs of some single standing or batten
seam metal roof systems.
Snow guard: a series of devices attached to the roof in a pattern that attempts to hold snow in
place, thus preventing sudden snow or ice slides from the roof; any device intended to prevent
snow from sliding off a roof.
Snow load: the live load due to the weight of snow on a roof; included in design calculations.
Soffit: the exposed undersurface of any exterior overhanging section of a roof eave.
Soffit vent: a pre-manufactured or custom built air inlet source located at the down-slope eave or
in the soffit of a roof assembly.
Softening point: the temperature at which bitumen becomes soft enough to flow, as determined
by an arbitrary, closely defined method (ASTM Standard test method D 36 or D 3461).
Softening point drift: a change in the softening point of bitumen during storage or application.
(see Fallback.)
Soil stack: a sanitation pipe that penetrates the roof; used to vent plumbing fixtures.
Solder: a lead/tin mixture that is melted and used to bond two pieces of some types of metals
together.
Solid mopping: see Mopping.
Solids content: the percentage by weight of the nonvolatile matter in an adhesive.
Solvent: any liquid used to dissolve another material.
Solvent cleaners: used to clean some single-ply roofing membranes prior to splicing, typically
including heptane, hexane, white gasoline, and unleaded gasoline.
Solvent welding: a process where a liquid solvent is used to chemically weld or join together two
or more layers of certain membrane materials (usually thermoplastic).
Spalling: breaking off of plate-like pieces from a concrete, rock or masonry surface.
Special steep asphalt: asphalt complying with ASTM D 312, Type IV. (see Asphalt.)
Specification: a precise statement of a set of requirements to be satisfied by a material, product,
system, or service.
SPF: spray polyurethane foam.
SPFA: Sprayed Polyurethane Foam Alliance (a business unit of the American Plastics Council).
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SPF compound: a term used to describe the raw materials (isocyanate and resin) used to make
polyurethane foam.
Splash block: a small masonry or polymeric block laid on the ground or lower roof below the
opening of a downspout used to help prevent soil erosion and aggregate scour in front of the
downspout.
Splice: bonding or joining of overlapping materials. (see Seam.)
Splice plate: a metal plate placed underneath the joint between two pieces of metal.
Splice-tape: cured or uncured synthetic rubber tape used for splicing membrane materials.
Split: a membrane tear resulting from tensile stresses.
Split slab: a term used to describe two separate concrete slabs. The first is placed as a slab on
grade or suspended slab, and covered with waterproofing and a drainage system. The second
slab, also referred to as a topping slab, is then placed over the underlying slab and waterproofing.
Spot mopping: see Mopping.
Sprayed polyurethane foam (SPF): a foamed plastic material, formed by spraying two
components, PMDI (A component) and a resin (B component) to form a rigid, fully adhered,
water-resistant, and insulating membrane.
Spread coating: a manufacturing process in which membranes are formed using a liquid
compound that is spread onto a supporting reinforcement base layer and then dried to its finished
condition.
Sprinkle mopping: see Mopping.
Spunlaced: a nonwoven fabric made by mechanically bonding a dry-laid staple fabric by water
jet, which entangles the individual fibers.
Spud: to remove the roofing aggregate and most of the bituminous top coating by scraping and
chipping.
Square: a unit used in measuring roof area equivalent to 100 square feet (9.29 m2) of roof area.
Square-tab shingles: shingles with tabs that are all the same size and exposure.
Squeegee: (1) a blade of leather or rubber set on a handle and used for spreading, pushing or
wiping liquid material on, across or off a surface; (2) to smooth, wipe or treat with a squeegee.
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Stainless steel: an alloy of steel that contains chromium and also may contain nickel or copper.
Generally, has very good resistance to corrosion.
Standing seam: in metal roofing, a type of seam between adjacent sheets of material made by
turning up the edges of two adjacent metal panels and then folding or interlocking them in a
variety of ways.
Starter course: the first layer of roofing, applied along a line adjacent to the down-slope
perimeter of the roof area. With steep-slope water-shedding roof coverings, the starter course is
covered by the first course.
Starter sheets: (1) felt, ply sheet or membrane strips that are made or cut to widths narrower than
the standard width of the roll and used to start the shingling pattern at an edge of the roof; (2)
particular width sheets designed for perimeters in some mechanically attached and fully adhered
single-ply systems.
Starter strip: roll roofing or shingle strips applied along the down-slope eave line before the first
course of roofing and intended to fill spaces between cutouts and joints of the first course.
Static load: any load, as on a structure, that does not change in magnitude or position with time.
Steel: a malleable alloy of iron and carbon produced by melting and refining pig iron and/or
scrap steel; graded according to the carbon content (in a range from 0.02 to 1.7%); other
elements, such as manganese and silicon, may be included to provide special properties.
Steel joist (open web steel joist): normally used as a horizontal supporting member between
beams or other structural members, suitable for the support of some roof decks.
Steep asphalt: asphalt complying with ASTM D 312, Type III. (see Asphalt.)
Steep-slope roofs: a category of roofing that generally include water-shedding types of roof
coverings installed on slopes exceeding 3:12 (14 degrees).
Step flashing: individual pieces of sheet metal material used to flash walls, around chimneys,
dormers and such projections along the slope of a roof. Individual pieces are overlapped and
stepped up the vertical surface.
Stick clip: in waterproofing, a non-penetrating fastener that is adhered to the waterproofing
surface; typically used to retain insulation, drainage panels, prefabricated protection materials,
etc., against the waterproofing to prevent sliding and displacement.
Stiffener rib: small intermediate bends in a metal pan used to strengthen the panel.
Storm anchor: see Wind clip.
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Strapping (felts): a method of installing roofing rolls or sheet good materials parallel with the
slope of the roof.
Straw nail: a long-shanked nail. Sometimes used for fastening over tile at hips and ridges.
Stress: the internal resistance of a material to a force, measured as a force per unit area.
Striations: a parallel series of small grooves, channels, or impressions typically within a metal
roof panel used to help reduce the potential for oil-canning.
Strip mopping: see Mopping.
Strip shingles: asphalt shingles that are manufactured in strips, approximately three times as long
as they are wide.
Strippable films: (for metal) added protection of plastic films sometimes applied to coated or
finished metals after the coil coating process. Applied after prime and top coats to resist damage
to the finish prior to and during shipping, fabrication and installation.
Stripping or strip-flashing: membrane flashing strips used for sealing or flashing metal flashing
flanges into the roof membrane.
Stripping in: application of membrane stripping ply or plies.
Structural panel: a metal roof panel designed to be applied over open framing rather than a
continuous or closely spaced roof deck.
Styrene butadiene rubber: high molecular weight polymers having rubber-like properties, formed
by the random copolymerization of styrene and butadiene monomers.
Styrene butadiene styrene copolymer (SBS): high molecular weight polymers that have both
thermoset and thermoplastic properties, formed by the block copolymerization of styrene and
butadiene monomers. These polymers are used as the modifying compound in SBS polymer
modified asphalt roofing membranes to impart rubber-like qualities to the asphalt.
Substrate: the surface upon which the roofing or waterproofing membrane is applied (e.g., in
roofing, the structural deck or insulation).
Sump: an intentional depression around a roof drain or scupper that promotes drainage.
Sump pan: a metal pan used to create a depression around a drain or scupper to enhance
drainage.
Superimposed loads: loads that are added to existing loads. For example, a large stack of
insulation boards placed on top of a structural steel deck.
Surface erosion: the wearing away of a surface due to abrasion, dissolution or weathering.
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Surface texture: the resulting surface from the final pass of SPF. The following terms are used to
describe the different SPF surface textures: smooth orange peel, coarse orange peel, verge of
popcorn, popcorn, tree bark, and over sprayed.
Surfacing: the top layer or layers of a roof covering, specified or designed to protect the
underlying roofing from direct exposure to the weather.
Surfactant: contraction for ―surface active agent;‖ a material that improves the emulsifying,
dispersing, spreading, wetting or other surface-modifying properties of liquids.
-T-
Tab: the exposed portion of strip shingles defined by cutouts.
Tack-free time: in SPF-based roofing, a curing phase of polyurethane foam to when the material
is no longer sticky. When the polyurethane foam is tack free, it can be sprayed over with another
pass, referred to as a ―lift‖. With some care the polyurethane foam can be walked on soon after
it is tack free.
Talc: whitish powder applied at the factory to the surface of some roofing materials (e.g.,
vulcanized EPDM membranes), used as a release agent to prevent adhesion of the membrane to
itself.
Tapered edge strip: a tapered insulation strip used to (1) elevate and slope the roof at the
perimeter and at curbs, and (2) provide a gradual transition from one layer of insulation to
another.
Taping: (1) the technique of connecting joints between insulation boards or deck panels with
tape; (2) the technique of using self-adhering tape-like materials to seam or splice single-ply
membranes.
Tar: a brown or black bituminous material, liquid or semi-solid in consistency, in which the
predominating constituents are bitumens obtained as condensates in the processing of coal,
petroleum, oil-shale, wood, or other organic materials.
Tar boils: bubbles of moisture vapor encased in a thin film of bitumen, also known as
―blackberries.‖
Tarred felt: see Coal tar felt.
Tear-off and reroof: the removal of all roof system components down to the structural deck,
followed by installation of a completely new roof system.
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Tear resistance: the load required to tear a material, when the stress is concentrated on a small
area of the material by the introduction of a prescribed flaw or notch. Expressed in psi (pounds
force) per inch width or kN/m (kiloNewton per meter width).
Tear strength: the maximum force required to tear a specimen.
Tensile strength: the strength of a material under tension as distinct from torsion, compression or
shear.
Tension leveling: the process of pulling metal coil stock between two spools under a certain
pressure to help reduce side camber and potential oil canning in the coil stock caused by
manufacturing and cutting processes.
Termination: the treatment or method of anchoring and/or sealing the free edges of the
membrane in a roofing or waterproofing system.
Terne: an alloy of lead and tin, used to coat sheets of carbon steel or stainless steel for use as
metal roofing sheet.
Terra cotta: low-fired clay, either glazed or unglazed.
Test cut: a sample of the roof system or assembly which exposes the roof deck and is used to
diagnose the condition of the membrane, evaluate the type and number of plies or number of
membranes, or rates of application (e.g., the weight of the average interply bitumen moppings).
Thermal block: a compression-resistant insulation block installed between structural steel roof
panels and their supporting members to help maintain insulation R-values and reduce
condensation.
Thermal bridge: the penetration of a material of high thermal conductivity (e.g., a metal
insulation or roof membrane fastener) through a material of low thermal conductivity (e.g.,
thermal insulation); the result is a lowered thermal resistance for the assembly.
Thermal cycling: sequence of values caused by a repetitive temperature differential due to
changes in radiant energy.
Thermal conductance (C): the time rate of heat flow through a unit area of a body induced by a
unit temperature difference between bodies. In English (inch-pound) units of measurement, the
number of BTUs that pass through a specified thickness of a one square foot (0.09 m2) sample of
material in one hour with a temperature difference between the two surfaces of 1° F. In English
(inch-pound) units it is expressed as BTU/h•ft2•F. Note 1: A thermal conductance (C) value
applies to a specific thickness of a specific material. Note 2: It is mathematically incorrect to
multiply or divide the thermal conductance (C) value for a specific thickness of a material to
determine the thermal conductance value of a different thickness of the same material. Note 3: It
is mathematically incorrect to add thermal conductance (C) values to determine overall thermal
performance. If it is necessary to determine the overall thermal performance of a construction, it
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is appropriate to convert the individual thermal conductance (C) values to thermal resistance (R)
values (i.e., R= 1/c), and then add the thermal resistance values (i.e., RT=R1, + R2 + ...).
Thermal conductivity (k): the time rate of heat flow through a unit area of a homogeneous
material in a direction perpendicular to isothermal planes induced by a unit temperature gradient
is called thermal conductivity (k or k value). In English (inch-pound) units of measurement, it is
the number of BTUs that pass through a 1 inch (25 mm) thickness of a 1 square foot (0.09 m2)
sample of material in one hour with a temperature difference between the two surfaces of 1°F. In
English (inch-pound) units it is expressed as BTU•inch/h•ft2•°F. Note 1: A thermal conductivity
(k) value applies to 1 inch (25 mm) thickness of a specific material. Note 2: It is mathematically
incorrect to add, multiply, or divide the thermal conductivity (k) value of a material to determine
the thermal performance value of a different thickness of the same material. If it is necessary to
determine the thermal performance of a specific thickness of a material, it is appropriate to
convert the thermal conductivity (k) of the material to a thermal resistance (R) value (i.e., R =
1/k), and then perform the mathematical calculation.
Thermal expansion: the increase in the dimension or volume of a body due to temperature
variations.
Thermal insulation: a material applied to reduce the flow of heat.
Thermal movement: changes in dimension of a material as a result of temperature changes.
Thermal resistance (R): under steady conditions, thermal resistance is the mean temperature
difference between two defined surfaces of material or construction that induces unit heat flow
through a unit area. In English (inch•pound) units it is expressed as °F•ft2•h/BTU. Note 1: A
thermal resistance (R) value applies to a specific thickness of a material or construction. Note 2:
the thermal resistance (R) of a material is the reciprocal of the thermal conductance (C) of the
same material (i.e., R = 1/C). Note 3: Thermal resistance (R) values can be added, subtracted,
multiplied, and divided by mathematically appropriate methods.
Thermal shock: the stress-producing phenomenon resulting from sudden temperature changes in
a roof membrane when, for example, a cold rain shower follows brilliant sunshine.
Thermal stress: stress introduced by uniform or non-uniform temperature change in a structure or
material that is contained against expansion or contraction.
Thermal transmittance (U or U-factor): thermal transmittance (U or U-factor) is the time rate of
heat flow per unit area under steady conditions from the fluid (e.g., air) on the warm side of a
barrier to the fluid (e.g., air) on the cold side, per unit temperature difference between the fluids.
In English (inch•pound) units expressed as BTU/h•ft2•°F. Note 1: A thermal transmittance (U)
value applies to the overall thermal performance of a system (e.g., roof assembly). Note 2:
Thermal transmittance (U) is sometimes called the overall coefficient of heat transfer. Note 3:
Thermal transmittance (U) is reciprocal of the overall thermal resistance (RT) of a system (i.e., U
= 1/RT).
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Thermography, Infrared: see Infrared thermography.
Thermoplastic: a material that softens when heated and hardens when cooled. This process can
be repeated provided that the material is not heated above the point at which decomposition
occurs.
Thermoplastic Poly-Olefin (TPO) membrane: a blend of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene
polymers. Colorant, flame retardants, UV absorbers, and other proprietary substances which may
be blended with the TPO to achieve the desired physical properties. The membrane may or may
not be reinforced.
Thermoset: a class of polymers that, when cured using heat, chemical, or other means, changes
into a substantially infusible and insoluble material.
Thinner: (1) a volatile liquid added to an adhesive or coating material to modify the consistency
or other properties; (2) a liquid used to clean equipment or other surfaces.
Thixotropic: the property of a material that enables it to stiffen in a relatively short time on
standing, but upon agitation or manipulation to change to a very soft consistency or to a fluid of
high viscosity, the process being completely reversible.
Through-wall flashing: a water-resistant membrane or material assembly extending totally
through a wall and its cavities, positioned to direct water within the wall to the exterior, usually
through weep holes.
Tie-in: in roofing and waterproofing, the transitional seal used to terminate a roofing or
waterproofing application at the top or bottom of flashings or by forming a watertight seal with
the substrate, membrane, or adjacent roofing or waterproofing system.
T-joint: the condition created by the overlapping intersection of three or four sheets in the
membrane.
Toggle bolt: a bolt having a nut with pivoted, flanged wings that close against a spring when it is
pushed through a hole, and open after emerging from the hole; used to fasten objects to a hollow
wall or to a wall which is accessible only from one side.
Tongue and groove planks: one of the oldest types of dimensional structural wood used as roof
decking. The sides are cut with convex and concave grooves so adjacent planks may join in
alignment with each other to form a uniform roof deck.
Torch-applied: method used in the installation of polymer modified bitumen membranes
characterized by using open flame propane torch equipment.
TPO: Thermoplastic Polyolefin.
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Traffic bearing: in waterproofing, a membrane formulated to withstand a predetermined amount
of pedestrian or vehicular traffic with separate protection and a wear course.
Transverse seam: the joint between the top of one metal roof panel and the bottom of the next
panel, which runs perpendicular to the roof slope.
Tree-bark surface texture: in SPF roofing, the surface condition of the foam which shows a
coarse texture where valleys form sharp angles. This surface is unacceptable for proper coating
and protection.
Tuck- pointing: the process of removing deteriorated mortar from an existing masonry joint and
troweling new mortar or other filler into the joint.
-U-
U-Value: see Thermal transmittance.
UBC: Uniform Building Code.
UL: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
UL label: an identification label or seal affixed to a roofing product or package with the
authorization of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. The presence of the label indicates that the
product has met certain performance criteria.
Ultraviolet (UV): invisible light radiation, adjacent to the violet end of the visible spectrum, with
wavelengths from about 200 to 400 nm (nanometers).
Underlayment: an asphalt-saturated felt or other sheet material (may be self-adhering) installed
between the roof deck and roof covering, usually used in a steep-slope roof construction.
Underlayment is primarily used to separate the roof covering from the roof deck, shed water and
provide secondary weather protection for the roof area of the building.
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL): an organization that tests, rates and classifies roof
assemblies for their resistance to fire, impact, leakage, corrosion of metal components and wind
uplift.
Uplift: see Wind uplift.
-V-
Valley: the internal angle formed by the intersection of two sloping roof planes.
Vapor migration: the movement of water vapor from a region of high vapor pressure to a region
of lower vapor pressure.
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Vapor pressure: the pressure exerted by a vapor of a solid or liquid when in equilibrium with the
liquid or solid.
Vapor retarder: a layer(s) of material or a laminate used to reduce appreciably the flow of water
vapor into a roof assembly.
Veneer: (1) a single wythe of masonry for facing purposes that may not be structurally
connected; (2) any of the thin layers of wood glued together to form plywood.
Vent: an opening designed to convey air, heat, water vapor or gas from inside a building or a
building component to the atmosphere.
Ventilator: an accessory that is designed to allow for the passage of air.
Verge of popcorn texture: in SPF roofing, the verge of popcorn surface texture is the roughest
texture suitable for receiving the protective coating on a sprayed polyurethane foam roof. The
surface shows a texture where nodules are larger than valleys, with the valleys relatively cured.
This surface is acceptable for receiving a protective coating only because of the relatively cured
valleys. However, the surface is considered undesirable because of the additional amount of
coating material required to protect the surface properly.
Vermiculite: an aggregate used in lightweight insulating concrete, formed by heating and
expanding of a micaceous material.
Viscosity: the resistance of a material to flow under stress. For bitumen, measured in centipoises.
(see Viscous.)
Viscous: resistant to flow under stress.
Void: an open space or break in consistency.
Volatile: a relative term expressing the tendency to form vapor. The NRCA Roofing and
Waterproofing Manual—Fifth Edition 1008 Glossary
Volatile organic compounds (VOC): means any compound of carbon, excluding carbon
monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbonic acid, metallic carbides or carbonates, and ammonium
carbonate, which participate in atmospheric photochemical reactions.
Vulcanization: an irreversible process during which a rubber compound, through a change in its
chemical structure (for example, cross-linking), becomes less plastic and more resistant to
swelling by organic liquids and elastic properties are conferred, improved, or extended over a
greater range of temperature.
-W-
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Warm roof assembly: a roof assembly configured with each component placed immediately on
top of the preceding component; each component is in contact with the adjacent component. No
space is provided for ventilation of the roof assembly. Also known as a ―compact‖ roof
assembly.
Wash coat: a primer, typically provided on the back side of painted metal products to help
protect the underlying metal from wear and corrosion.
Water cure: a method of curing a material, such as concrete, by applying a fine mist of water
over the surface to control the rate of moisture evaporation from the material.
Water cutoff: see Cutoff.
Water-shedding: the ability of individual, overlapping components to resist the passage of water
without hydrostatic pressure.
Water stop: a diaphragm used across a joint as a sealant, usually to prevent the passage of water.
Water table: the level within the ground, below which the soil is saturated with water.
Water vapor transmission: a measure of the rate of transmission of water vapor through a
material under controlled laboratory conditions of temperature and humidity. Customary units
are grains/h•ft2.
Waterproof: the quality of a membrane, membrane material, or other component to prevent water
entry.
Waterproofing: treatment of a surface or structure to prevent the passage of water under
hydrostatic pressure.
Wear course: the top layer of surfacing that carries pedestrian or vehicular traffic. Sometimes
referred to as wearing surface.
Wearing surface: see Wear course.
Weatherproof: the ability of a membrane or roof covering to prevent the passage of water with a
limited amount of hydrostatic pressure.
Weep holes: small openings whose purpose is to permit drainage of water that accumulates
inside a building component (e.g., a brick wall, skylight frame, etc.).
Weld: to join pieces of metal together by heat fusion.
Wet: a condition where free water is present in a substance.
Wet bulb temperature: the temperature of air as registered by a thermometer whose bulb is
covered by a water wetted wick.
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Wet film thickness: the thickness, expressed in mils, of a coating or mastic as applied but not
cured. For comparison, see Dry film thickness.
Wicking: the process of moisture movement by capillary action.
Wind clip: a steep-slope roofing attachment device that fits over the butt end of tile, slate and
stone to help secure individual roofing units from wind uplift.
Wind load: force exerted by the wind on a structure or part of a structure.
Wind uplift: the force caused by the deflection of wind at roof edges, roof peaks or obstructions,
causing a drop in air pressure immediately above the roof surface.
Wire tie system: a system of attachment for steep-slope roofing units (e.g., tile, slate and stone)
using fasteners (nails and/or screws) in conjunction with wire to provide a concealed fastening
system.
Work slab: see Mud slab.
Woven valley: a method of valley construction in which shingles or roofing from both sides of
the valley extend across the valley and are woven together by overlapping alternate courses as
they are applied.
Wythe: a masonry wall, one masonry unit, a minimum of two inches thick.
-Y-
Yield: in SPF-based roofing, the volume of foam per unit weight, normally expressed as board
feet per pound or board feet per 1000 pounds.
-Z-
Z- section: a member formed in the shape of a ―Z‖ from coiled steel stock.
Zinc: a hard bluish white metal, brittle at normal temperatures, very malleable and ductile when
heated; not subject to corrosion; used for galvanizing sheet steel and iron, in various metal
alloys, and as an oxide for white paint pigment.
01 42 19 Reference Standards
AFCESA: Air Force Civil Engineering Support Agency http://www.afcesa.af.mil/
AIR FORCE DOCUMENTS http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/
ALSC: American Lumber Standards Committee, Incorporated http://www.alsc.org/
ANSI: American National Standards Institute http://www.ansi.org/
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APA: Engineered Wood Association http://www.apawood.org/level_b.cfm?content=pub_ma
ASWLS PS20 http://www.alsc.org/untreated_ps20_mod.htm
ASTM: American Society for Testing and Materials http://astm.org/
AWI http://www.awinet.org/
AWPA: American Wood Preservers‘ Association http://www.awpa.com/
CFR: Code of Federal Regulations http://www.gpoaccess.gov/cfr/index.html
CSR: Colorado State Regulations http://www.colorado.gov/
DODSSP: Department of Defense Single Stock Point for Military Specs., Standards and Related
Publications http://dodssp.daps.dla.mil
EL PASO COUNTY GOVERNMENT http://www.elpasoco.com/
FM http://www.fmglobal.com/
Federal Highway Administrations Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices
http://mutcd.fhwa.dot.gov/
FPS: Forest Products Society http://www.forestprod.org/
GPO: Government Printing Office http://www.gpo.gov/
IBC: International Building Code (―International Code Council‖) http://www.icc.safe.org/
NFPA: National Fire Protection Association http://www.nfpa.org/index.asp
NFPA: National Forest Products Association (now a member AF & PA)
http://www.USAFAndpa.org/template.cfm?section=about_AF.
NIST: National Institute of Standards and Technology (―Federal Standards‖)
http://www.nist.gov/
NOAA: National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration http://www.noaa.gov/
NRCA: National Roofing Contractor Association http://www.nrca.net/
OSHA http://www.osha.gov/
Passport To Safety http://www.passporttosafety.com/newInfo/
RSI: Review of Scientific Instruments http://rsi.aip.org/
SMACNA: Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning Contractors‘ National Association
http://www.smacna.org/
SPIB: Southern Pine Inspection Bureau http://www.spib.org/
SPRI: Single Ply Roofing Industry http://www.spri.org/
SSPC: Society for Protective Coatings http://www.sspc.org/
UFC: Uniform Facilities Criteria http://http://65.204.17.188//report/doc_ufc.html
UL: Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. http://www.ul.com/
USAF Publishing Site (Forms) http://www.e-publishing.af.mil/
WCLIB: West Coast Lumber Inspection Bureau http://www.wclib.org/
WWPA: Western Wood Products Association http://www.wwpa.org/woodinfo.htm
All of the references listed in Attachment 1 of AFI 32-1051 (13 May 1994), Roof Systems
Management
01 43 00 Quality Assurance
01 43 23 Installer Qualifications
1.1 Contractor shall employee installers who have the required combination of training and
experience to install the roofing materials and other items of work in an acceptable manor that
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meets the required specifications. When required by the material manufacturer, the contractor‘s
installers shall have successfully completed the manufacturer‘s installation training and possess
the required certifications.
1.2 When materials that require certified installers are being installed the Contractor shall ensure
the work is performed and/or supervised by certified installers. This shall be noted on the Daily
Log.
01 43 36 Field Samples
1.1 When the TSOW requires samples be obtained for testing, the Contractor shall make the
required samples available at no additional cost to the Government. These samples (taken from
the job site) shall be representative of the materials being installed and not come from an outside
source.
01 45 00 Quality Control
01 45 16 Field Quality Control Procedures
01 45 16.13 Contractor Quality Control
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
1.4 QUALITY CONTROL PLAN CONTENTS:
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
1.5 PLAN SUBMITTAL:
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
1.6 QUALITY CONTROL DOCUMENTATION
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
1.7 ROOFING QUALITY CONTROL
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
1.8 PROVIDE QUALITY CONTROL AS FOLLOWS:
1.8.1 Quality control is the regulatory process by which the Contractor measures actual
quality performance, compares it with standards, and acts on the difference. The quality function
is the entire collection of activities through which fitness for use is achieved.
1.8.2 Contractor inspection is a careful and critical investigation of all work to assure it
conforms to the contract, and to detect variances and act to correct them in time to prevent
reworking and delay. This includes detailed, skillful examination and testing with immediate
comparison to the requirements of the contract.
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1.8.3 The Contractor‘s Quality Controller (QC) shall have at least 5 years‘ experience in the
supervision and inspection of BUR and other roofing system construction. The Quality
Controller shall not be a principal or officer of the roofing Contractor's company. However, the
Quality Controller can be the Job Foreman. Submit QC individual‘s resume with the proposal.
1.8.4 Prior to any onsite work the Contractor must attend a pre-construction meeting to
review the contract. The Quality Controller and Foreman or Superintendent must attend the
conference. The Contractor shall give an oral presentation of proposed construction method. The
manufacturer‘s representatives shall provide input where necessary to describe the proper
installation of their materials. The conference may include a visit to the work site, and a slide
presentation relating to job site membrane sampling and analysis.
1.8.5 Basic quality control requirements are contained herein. As a minimum, the Quality
Controller (QC) shall perform each of the actions listed herein on a daily basis. Failure to
perform these actions is a failure to prosecute the work with such diligence that will ensure its
compliance with tolerances specified in this contract and is grounds for the Contracting Officer‘s
Representative to stop the work or reject work as non-conforming.
1.8.5.1 During the Preparatory Inspection, the Contractor‘s QC shall: (To be conducted
prior to commencing work).
1.8.5.1.1 Read the specifications and study the drawings.
1.8.5.1.2 Understand the required tests, measurements, and submittals.
1.8.5.1.3 Understand AF Form 1063, Quality Control Record, and reporting
procedures.
1.8.5.1.4 Visit the roof and work area and become familiar with its layout.
1.8.5.2 The Quality Controller shall have available the following equipment (at a
minimum) for tests and measurements required to be performed under this contract:
1. 8.5.2.1 Sheet metal template (4 inches X 36 inches and 12 inches X 12 inches) for
BUR samples.
1.8.5.2.2 Clear template with 1/2-inch grid for analyzing sample void area.
1.8.5.2.3 MIL gauge for measuring flood coat thickness.
1.8.5.3 The following tolerances establish the range of acceptable variances. The Quality
Controller shall review these tolerances and ensure that work is in compliance. Follow
manufacturer recommendations as they apply to the required system. If Government
requirements are more stringent, follow them. The work item listed after each tolerance should
be used to assure compliance with this specifications (Work Items – see 1.9).
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1.8.5.3.1 Side-lap: Minimum 1 inch, no maximum. (Work Item #9).
1.8.5.3.2 End-lap: Minimum 6 inches, no maximum. (Work Item #9).
1.8.5.3.3 Insulation board joint gaps: 3/16-inch maximum between boards and
1/4-inch maximum between boards and abutting surfaces. (Work Item #8).
1.8.5.4 During the Progress Inspections the Contractor‘s QC shall:
1.8.5.4.1 Review each significant feature and segment of the work each day.
1.8.5.4.2 Monitor delivery of all materials to the site, except those in bulk quantity
(bitumen in hot bulk and truckloads of aggregate), and ensure the packaging is intact and with
readable labels.
1.8.5.4.3 Ensure labels indicate conformance with the reference standard applicable to
the material.
1.8.5.4.6 Ensure other materials are:
1.8.5.4.6.1 Not exposed to water (rain, snow and so forth) before, during, or after
delivery to the site prior to installation.
1.8.5.4.6.2 Completely covered with waterproof tarpaulins to protect from
weather and moisture. Arrange covers to prevent condensation from occurring beneath them.
1.8.5.4.6.3 Conspicuously marked and permanently removed from the site if they
are damaged and shouldn‘t be used.
1.8.5.5 Roofing operations shall be coordinated with carpentry, sheet metal work and
other trades so that flashings are installed to permit continuous roof surface operations the same
day felts are installed where practical. If gravel stops or flashings are not installed on the same
day as roof completion, the roof membrane at perimeters shall be nailed with large-headed nails
8 inches on center to perimeter wood nailers and sealed against water entry with glass fabric set
in roofing cement. Roofing operations shall be coordinated with roof insulation work so that all
insulation applied each day is waterproofed the same day with the complete roofing system.
1.8.5.6 Install temporary water cutoffs and tie-ins each workday. Remove temporary
cutoffs and tie-ins so that all vertical faces of insulation are exposed at the beginning of the next
day's work.
1.8.5.7 Do not cut the staggered insulation pieces that are already installed. Straighten the
staggered insulation side of the day's work with unattached cut pieces of insulation; do not
permanently include such cut pieces into the roof system.
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1.8.5.8 Except for weather necessitated temporary work, do not proceed with roofing
work during inclement weather. Remove all temporary work before installing permanent
components and materials.
1.8.5.9 During the Follow-up Inspections the Contractor‘s QC shall:
1.8.5.9.1 Check items mentioned in preparatory and initial inspections.
1.8.5.9.2 A copy of these inspection records and Contractor tests, as well as the
corrective action taken, shall be furnished to the Government as requested by the Construction
Inspector.
1.8.5.10 A test cut 4 inches x 36 inches in dimension taken perpendicular to the long
dimension of the felts is required when directed by Construction Inspector. A test cut of the
same dimensions is also required when job conditions change significantly. Changes may
include the following:
1.8.5.10.1 ambient temperature
1.8.5.10.2 crew members
1.8.5.10.3 visual observations indicate that membrane integrity may be compromised
1.8.5.11 Remove the test samples before application of the surface coating at locations
selected by the inspector. Immediately take the sample off the roof and cool it to about 0 degrees
(F). If results show conditions are out of tolerance, the construction process shall be adjusted.
1.8.5.12 The Contracting Officer‘s Representative has the option, depending on the
deficiency, to have the work removed and replaced at no cost to the Government, or have
additional plies added to the system.
1.8.5.13 An additional sample may be taken to verify that construction is back within
tolerance. If a second sample also indicates out-of-tolerance conditions, the Contracting Officer
has the option to have the work removed and replaced at no cost to the Government.
1.8.5.14 Sample removal and repair of the completed roof shall be done by the
Contractor. Do not cut a sample from a completed membrane until it has cured for at least two
hours. Using a template and utility knife, cut the membrane a little at a time. Ensure that the
entire membrane is cut through. Any bitumen that sticks to the insulation after the sample is
removed shall be carefully removed and included with the sample for weighing and analysis.
Remove the cut sample slowly, taking care not to bend the sample.
1.8.5.15 Repair the sampled area immediately after taking the sample. Install a new piece
of insulation, if necessary. Fill remaining void level with layers of cut felts of the same type as
the roofing system, set in plastic cement. Cover repaired area with four layers of felt. (1) Solid
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mop each layer into place in hot bitumen. (2) Overlap test cut area 3 inches on all sides with first
layer. (3) Lap each succeeding layer 3 inches on all sides over layer below.
1.8.5.16 WARRANTY SIGNS: Provide 10 inch X 12 inch minimum size painted signs
made of aluminum with a dark color background and letter of contrasting color. Use paint
compatible with the aluminum. Sign shall read as indicated in the Task Order. Permanently post
signs in the locations approved by the QI at all facility access points leading to the roofs and
prominent points on the roofs. Provide at least one sign on each roof with at least four signs on
each building.
1.8.5.17 NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING: the government reserves the right to perform
Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) of the in-place roofing assembly to determine whether or not
the newly installed roofing assembly was affected by moisture infiltration. Testing shall be at
government expense. The Contractor is encouraged to be present during the time of NDE.
01 45 23 Testing and Inspecting Services
1.1 When required in the TSOW the Contractor shall provide independent testing and inspection
services from firms routinely performing these services for roofing materials. Employees
performing this service shall posses the required education, training, and certificates to complete
the tasks in accordance with industry accepted practices.
1.2 The Contractor shall submit the name of the firm along with their qualifications to the COR
for approval.
1.3 When called for in the TSOW, the contractor shall identify costs for all testing and
inspection by independent firms as separate line items on the cost proposal.
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01 50 00 TEMPORARY FACILITIES AND CONTROLS
01 52 00 Construction Facilities
01 52 13 Field Offices and Sheds
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 52 19 Sanitary Facilities
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 54 00 Construction Aids
01 54 16 Temporary Cranes
1.1 If the contractor requests to use a crane to help accomplish the project, they must first obtain
approval from the COR. The request must contain the following information:
1.1.1 Supplier of the crane, if not the prime Contractor.
1.1.2 Location(s) where the crane will be set up.
1.1.3 Crane operator‘s certification to operate the crane.
1.1.4 Detailed plan showing all OSHA safety precautions that will be in place during the use
of the crane.
1.1.5 Dates and times the crane will be in place and in use.
1.2 Any damage due to the crane‘s use on the project to paved or unpaved areas shall be the
Contractors responsibility to repair at no cost to the Government.
1.3 The cost to use a crane will be shown on the cost proposal submitted by the Contractor for
the project when required. The Contractor must provide justification for the use of a crane on the
project.
01 54 19 Temporary Hoists
1.1 Hoists, conveyors, forklifts, or other equipment to transfer/lift material to and from the work
areas on a project is the Contractor‘s responsibility. All chutes used for refuse and the like shall
be covered or of such design to confine the material fully to prevent the dissemination of dust
and debris. There will not be any cost to the Government for the use of this conveying equipment
and no line items added to the cost proposal.
1.2 All such equipment shall be maintained in safe working condition and operators properly
trained on their use.
01 54 23 Temporary Scaffolding and Platforms
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1.1 The Contractor shall provide the following information when requesting the use of
scaffolding to accomplish a project:
1.1.1 Supplier of the scaffolding, if not the prime Contractor.
1.1.2 Location(s) where the scaffolding will be set up.
1.1.3 Detailed plan showing all OSHA safety precautions that will be in place during the use
of the scaffolding.
1.1.4 Dates and times the scaffolding will be in place and in use.
1.2 Any damage due to the scaffolding‘s use on the project to paved or unpaved areas shall be
the Contractor‘s responsibility to repair at no cost to the Government.
1.3 The cost to use scaffolding will be shown on the cost proposal submitted by the Contractor
for the project when required.
01 55 00 Vehicle Access and Parking
01 55 19 Temporary Parking Areas
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 55 29 Staging Areas
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 56 00 Temporary Barriers and Enclosures
01 56 23 Temporary Barricades and Protection
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 56 26 Temporary Fencing
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
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01 60 00 PRODUCT REQUIREMENTS
01 66 00 Product Storage and Handling Requirements
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 66 13 Product Storage and Handling Requirements for Hazardous Materials
See SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications 01 70 00 EXECUTION AND
CLOSEOUT REQUIREMENTS
01 71 00 EXAMINATION AND PREPARATION
01 71 13 Mobilization
See task order SOW and Appendix A, Division 01 Specifications.
01 71 16 Acceptance of Conditions
1.1 The Contractor shall take the site conditions, restrictions, and limitations into consideration
when preparing their cost proposal. The Contractor is encouraged to seek clarification for such
things as material storage, parking, temporary facilities, access, equipment setup, etc. prior to
proposal submittal.
1.2 The Contractor shall inspect/test the functioning of items such as roof drains, hatches, vents,
etc. that are located in the work area.
1.2.1 Prior to beginning work the Contractor shall verify the function of all roof drains and
attached piping with water testing. The Construction Inspector must be present for the test. No
work on a roof is allowed until the test is performed. Building water supply may be used but the
Contractor is responsible for connection, hose, fittings, nozzles and similar items. Report initial
results to the Contracting Officer prior to beginning work. Following the completion of work,
perform a similar test and report final results in writing as part of the closeout. Final contract
project closeout is contingent on all roof drains performing as well as they did prior to
commencing the work.
1.2.2 Plugged Roof Drains: If a roof drain is found plugged prior to the start of work the
COR may issue a Change Order for additional work to clean/repair the drain. If the drain was
found to be functioning prior to the start of work and is later found plugged at the conclusion of
the work, then the Contractor shall be responsible for the costs to return the drain to its prior
functional condition.
1.2.3 If other items are found to be non-functional or in need of repair the COR may issue a
Change Order for additional work to repair the item. Any damaged caused to these items by the
Contractor shall be repaired by him at no cost to the Government.
1.3 Prior to project mobilization the Contractor shall document the existing site conditions
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through digital photography. Photographs shall be submitted to the COR in digital format (file
extension .jpeg) on a CD. Work shall not begin prior to the Contracting Officer‘s Representative
approval of existing conditions photo documentation.
1.4 Drawings showing the location of equipment, piping, etc., are diagrammatic and may not
show every detail required. In addition, site conditions will not always permit installation in the
exact locations shown. Drawings showing equipment, piping, ducts, conduit, etc., to be removed,
altered, or installed may require deviation from the configuration of the demolition or installation
drawings due to existence of conflicting ducts, conduits, hangers, structural items, etc. All such
minor details of work which are not shown on the drawings, as well as such items not
specifically mentioned in the specifications, but which are essential and necessary for the
completion of the work, and to make all systems or equipment operational, shall be considered as
incidental and shall be included as part of the work. When this situation occurs, the final
placement of permanently installed items shall be subject to COR approval. The Contractor shall
be responsible for inspecting all areas/items of possible conflict. Failure to verify the dimensions
and locations will be at the Contractor's risk and shall not relieve the Contractor from
accomplishing the work required by the project.
01 74 00 CLEANING AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
01 74 13 Progress Cleaning
1.1 Contractor shall keep all interior and exterior facility work areas free of debris and in a safe
condition. Each day the Contractor shall remove and properly dispose of all waste materials and
rubbish generated by the project work.
1.2 All material and debris removed shall be treated as hazardous waste, salvageable, non-
salvageable, etc. as appropriate and disposed of according to the requirements contained in these
specifications.
1.3 Contractor shall ensure all paved areas affected by their construction activities are cleaned
daily.
01 74 16 Site Maintenance
1.1 Contractor is responsible to maintain the construction site and any storage yards in a clean
and orderly condition from the start of the project to completion.
01 74 19 Construction Waste Management and Disposal
1.1 Unsalvageable materials shall become the property of the Contractor and disposed of at the
contractor's expense. Materials to be removed shall be removed without damage to adjacent
areas. All damage resulting from the removal activity shall be repaired by the Contractor at no
cost to the Government. Repair shall be made with materials of like nature, type and construction
as were damaged or exist adjacent to the areas to be repaired.
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1.2 All salvageable materials shall be managed as directed by the COR with the concurrence of
the Installation Environmental Office. Credit, if any, shall be shown on the Contractor‘s cost
proposal.
1.3 Contractor shall manage solid wastes in accordance with the Environmental Procedures,
group 01 35 43 section 2.7, detailed in these specifications.
1.4 All non-salvageable items and trash shall be hauled off the Academy grounds and disposed of in
accordance with applicable state and local regulations. Items shall be transported in tarp-covered
containers or closed vehicles. Any materials dropped or blown off vehicles shall be immediately picked
up by the Contractor
01 74 23 Final Cleaning
1.1 At project completion the Contractor shall remove all equipment, materials, and debris from the site
including toilets, dumpsters, and other temporary facilities. Areas around work sites shall be cleaned.
Dirt/grass surfaces shall be raked clean of any debris from the Contractor's operations. Areas around the
construction site damaged/dirtied by Contractor shall be returned to original condition at the Contractor‘s
expense.
01 76 00 PROTECTING INSTALLED CONSTRUCTION
1.1 Any damage done by the Contractor to existing real property shall be repaired to prior conditions.
Match the existing conditions and meet the requirements of these specifications. The Contracting
Officer‘s Representative will determine if the repair work done is sufficient.
1.2 Contractor shall take necessary steps to protect completed work and existing construction from
damage due to other work activities. The cost of these protective measures is included in the line items for
the work being performed and shall not be a separate cost added to the project.
01 77 00 CLOSEOUT PROCEDURES
01 77 13 Preliminary Closeout Reviews
1.1 Prior to requesting any final inspection, the Contractor shall have performed an internal Quality
Control (QC) pre-final inspection and corrected any noted deficiencies. The Contractor shall provide the
Contracting Officer‘s Representative with the pre-final documentation on findings and corrections made
when requesting a final. The Contractor shall request a final inspection 5 business days prior to the
desired date. The scheduled final inspection should be prior to the completion date of the applicable task
order. This provision in no way restricts the right of the Government to inspect work at any time. Once
the Contractor requests a final inspection, the government inspector may conduct a pre-final inspection.
The Contractor shall correct any discrepancies noted prior to the final inspection.
01 77 16 Final Closeout Review
1.1 The Contractor shall ensure the job site is thoroughly cleaned after construction. Remove any leftover
materials from the site. The Government will not accept the work until the site satisfies the final
inspection. The contractor, CI/CM, and COR shall all participate in the final inspection. The
Contractor shall correct any discrepancies noted within five (5) business days following the
inspection unless the COR grants a longer period. The COR reserves the right to decline the
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Contractor‘s request for a final inspection or may suspend a final inspection when it is evident that the
Contractor is not ready for the inspection. The CI must have 48 hours notice prior to a requested re-
inspection for completed punch list items. As much as ten (10) percent of the total value of each task
order may be retained until all discrepancies are corrected.
01 77 19 Closeout Requirements
1.1 The project shall not be considered complete and final payment will not be made until the Contractor
has meet all of their obligation, including but not limited to the following:
1.1.1 Submitted approved ―As-Built‖ drawings and other documents.
1.1.2 Completed all punch list items or deficiencies noted on the final inspection.
1.1.3 Submitted all executed warranty certificates, operation/repair manuals, etc.
1.1.4 Given the Government any spare materials required by the SOW.
1.1.5 Submitted the DD Form 1354, Real Property Checklist.
1.1.6 Submitted all final reports and closed all permits required by the specification.
01 78 00 CLOSEOUT SUBMITTALS
01 78 23 Operation and Maintenance Data
1.1 The Contractor shall submit two copies of all maintenance/repair manuals or technical literature for
any product installed in the construction project to the CO on an AF Form 3000 for approval. Manuals
shall be provided at least five (5) business days prior to the final inspection and approved before the
project can be considered completed. This information shall describe any maintenance required to extend
the life of the product and the techniques for correctly making various types of repairs.
1.2 If required in the SOW, the Contractor shall provide training to in-house maintenance staff for the
proper maintenance and repair techniques for a material installed as part of the project. This training shall
be completed to the satisfaction of the COR prior to the final inspection.
01 78 36 Warranties
1.1 The Contractor shall guarantee the roofing system is delivered/installed subject to a full single source
warranty for 25 (twenty-five) years. The warranty shall provide for an integrated warranty that works
with related thin-film photo-voltaic systems. The warranty guarantees the Contractor will pay all costs
necessary to maintain the roofing and flashing system in a water-tight condition. Repairs may be required
as a result of the following causes: deterioration the roofing components; faulty workmanship; material
defects; or movement of the roof insulation or any other underlying surface or material used as a base
over which the roof system is applied, excluding the deck. Membrane splits caused by structural
movement or other structural defects are not covered by this warranty.
1.2 If the Contractor fails to make required repairs during the warranty period, the Government may have
the work done by others and charge the cost to the Contractor. The warranty provisions of this contract
apply notwithstanding Government inspection and acceptance.
1.3 The Contractor shall honor all warranty requirements by responding and initiating corrective action on
all warranty work.
1.4 All roofing systems, whether a repair or recover, shall conform to FM Class 1(A). The hail rating
will be SH for severe hail. The wind rating will be specified in the individual task orders dependent upon
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the area where the work is to be accomplished.
1.4 The Contractor may not be held to the terms of the warranty if the repairs are due to:
1.4.1 Natural disasters, (lighting, hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes.).
1.4.2 Hail.
1.4.3 Acts of negligence, abuse or misuse, accidents, vandalism, civil disobedience, war.
1.4.4 Damage by structural failure, settlement, movement, distortion, warping, or displacement of
structure.
1.4.5 Failure of material or flashings caused by movement of metal work not supplied by
manufacturer issuing warranty.
1.4.6 Repairs or alternations of the roof; or installation of structures, fixtures or utilities on or through
roof by someone other than the Contractor.
1.4.7 Storage of material on the roof.
1.4.8 Moisture entering the roof system through walls, ceilings, copings, or any part of building
structure causing the roof system to get wet.
1.4.9 Fire.
1.4.10 Faulty construction not performed by the Contractor or faulty building design; including
parapet walls, copings, chimneys, skylights, vents, or of the roof deck but specifically excluding
construction between the deck and membrane, i.e., insulation, base sheet, fasteners, adhesives, vapor
retarders, and so forth not included in the SOW. Acceptance of this exclusion does not relieve the
Contractor/Manufacturer from complying with the "site inspection" and "differing site conditions" clauses
included in this contract.
1.4.11 Infiltration or condensation of moisture in or through underlying area; vapor condensation
beneath the roof greater than the acceptable ambient moisture content for the given material as established
by the appropriate ASTM standard.
1.4.12 Damage caused by falling objects or traffic on the roof.
1.4.13 Failure of the Government to use reasonable care in maintenance; failure to follow
manufacturer's written maintenance instructions.
1.4.14 Failure of the Government to make repairs to leaks not covered by manufacturer's warranty.
1.4.15 Repair work by any contractor other than the original Contractor or use of unapproved repair
material.
1.5 The Contracting Office shall provide written notification to the Contractor upon
examination/inspection of a reported problem if the Contractor is liable for repairs. The Contracting
Officer's Representative decision is conclusive. However, the warranty does not operate to obligate the
surety after completion of work and final payment, except as provided for in FAR 52.246.21 and the
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Miller Act as amended (40 USC 270).
1.6 If there is an exclusion for enforcing the warranty, the Contractor must notify the Contracting
Officer‘s Representative in writing of the applicable exclusion. Failure to provide such written notice will
preclude the Contractor from later disputing the coverage of the warranty.
1.7 The Government has the right to perform both visual and nondestructive evaluations of the roof
system, at the Government‘s expense, anytime during the warranty period to validate water tightness of
the roof system.
1.8 If excluded repairs are made to the roof, then the original Contractor‘s warranty is only in effect for
that portion of the roof not affected by the repairs. If damage is caused to the Contractor‘s original work
area due to problems from the excluded repair area then the Contractor‘s warranty is not enforceable.
1.9 It is understood by the Contractor that the warranty provided herein shall be for the benefit of the
Government.
1.10 The Contractor shall have the burden of providing by a preponderance of the evidence the existence
of a condition which established an exclusion from coverage, or which would render the warranty
ineffective or null and void.
1.11 The warranty contemplated herein shall be in addition to and not in lieu of any warranty otherwise
applicable to the work or materials used in the contract.
01 78 39 Project Record Documents
1.1 Documents:
1.1.1 The Contractor shall maintain one set of the project specification for record mark-up purposes
throughout the Task Order period.
1.1.2 Legibly mark the ―Record Set‖ with red pencil during the course of work to show changes
sufficient to form a complete record for Government use. Attach documentation showing justification and
approval for the changes noted.
1.2 Drawings:
1.2.1 The Contractor shall maintain one copy of the project drawings, approved shop drawings, and
other submittals for record mark-up purposes throughout the contract period. Attach documentation
showing justification and approval for the changes noted.
1.2.2 Do not use record documents for general construction purposes.
1.2.3 Legibly mark "Record Set" with red pencil during the course of work to show changes and
actual installation conditions sufficient to form a complete record for Government use. Give particular
attention to work which will be concealed and difficult to measure and record at a later date. Do not
permanently conceal any work until required information is recorded.
1.2.3.1 Update documents daily as changes are made so they are always current. This record set
shall always be available for review by the Government. If the Contractor fails to maintain the record
drawings as required herein, the Contracting Officer‘s Representative will consider that satisfactory
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progress was not achieved for the period in question. Final payment will be withheld until As-Built record
drawings are submitted to and approved by the COR.
1.2.3.2 All variations from the contract documents, for whatever reason, including the use of
optional materials and the required coordination between trades, shall be indicated. These variations shall
be shown in the same general detail as the initial contract documents. Sign and date each change.
1.2.4 Bind prints into sets, with durable covers, appropriately labeled "Record Set."
1.2.5 The Contractor shall provide as-builts in the same medium as provided them. All drawings
shall conform to standard drafting practices and include such supplementary notes, legends, and details as
required. Dimension all utility lines from a known point, or an existing permanent object, to the centerline
of the structure. The Government will review the as-builts for accuracy and will return the drawings to the
Contractor for further revision if errors are found. The CAD drawings must be in the same format as
supplied at the beginning of the project, in adherence to USAFA CAD standards.
01 80 00 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
01 83 19 Roofing Performance Requirements
1.1 The Contractor shall provide a completed project that results in a water/weather tight roof. The work
shall be free of defects of any type and comply with the specifications of this Contract. The completed
roof repair/installation shall protect the structure and all of its components including the interior of the
facility from any damage or deterioration.
1.2 The Contractor shall provide a completed project that complies with FM Class 1 (A) standards.
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DIVISION 05 METALS
05 50 00 METAL: MISCELLANEOUS AND FABRICATIONS
05 50 00 Steel Fabrications
05 50 16 Safety Anchors
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
1.1.1 Install steel safety anchors on roof sections in locations and as indicated on the Drawings.
1.1.2 The following products are specified in this Section:
1.1.2.1 Steel Mounted Safety Anchors.
1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.2.1 Underwriters Laboratory (UL) Listing: Provide labeled materials tested and listed by UL for
Class and Rating indicated for each material type required. Provide fasteners and completed systems
which meet Factory Mutual Class I, I-90 approval.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
1.3.1 Submittals required:
1.3.1.1 Product Data: Submit technical product data, installation instructions and
recommendations from manufacturer, including certification that the materials comply with requirements
of the SOW.
1.3.1.1 Shop Drawings: Submit steel fabrication drawings of safety anchors and support shapes,
installation details, and loading calculations, including attachments to existing building structural framing
members.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
1.4.1 Deliver materials to avoid water damage, and in a dry location until ready for installation.
1.5 JOB CONDITIONS
1.5.1 Substrate and Structural Members: Proceed with work only after substrate and structural
members inspection, construction and preparation work are completed.
1.5.2 Weather Conditions: Proceed with work only when weather conditions are favorable for the
correct installation of the material. The substrate must also be completely dry.
2.1 ABBREVIATIONS
2.1.1 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
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2.1.2 FM Factory Mutual
2.1.3 UL Underwriters Laboratory
2.2 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS
2.2.1 The following publications of the issue listed below and referred to thereafter by basic
designation only form part of this specification to the extent indicated by the references thereto. Use the
latest version of each document.
2.2.2 PUBLICATIONS
2.2.2.1 AISC 303 – American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Code of Standard Practice
for Steel Buildings and Bridges
2.2.2.2 AISC 360 – American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC), Specifications for Structural
Steel Buildings, with Commentary
2.2.2.3 AWS D1.1 – American Welding Society (AWS), Structural Welding Code - Steel
2.2.2.4 ASTM A 36 – ASTM International, Standard Specification for Carbon Structural Steel
2.2.2.5 ASTM A 123 – Standard Specification for Zinc (Hot-Dip Galvanized) Coatings on Iron
and Steel Products
2.2.2.6 ASTM A 500 – Standard Specification for Cold-Formed Welded and Seamless Carbon
Steel Structural Tubing in Rounds and Shapes
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Deliver all materials to the site in a dry condition with identifying labels intact. Either enclose
materials in a trailer or cover with a waterproof tarpaulin to protect from the weather and moisture.
3.1.2 If trailers are not used to protect the product, keep product on pallets at least 4" off of ground
and keep covered at all times prior to installation.
3.1.3 Fabrication Finishes – Hot-dip galvanize items exposed to weather per ASTM A 123, Grade 65.
3.2 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
3.2.1 Do not install anchors during inclement weather. Remove all temporary work prior to installing
permanent components and materials.
3.3 ANCHOR INSTALLATION
3.3.1 Install anchors in locations as indicated.
3.3.2 Coordinate anchor locations with locations of thin-film photo voltaic system installation at the
Section B roof area.
3.3.3 Install anchors with all related fasteners, plates, supports, and accessory items for a complete
and usable structural installation, that provides the weight-bearing capacity required.
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DIVISION 07 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
07 00 00 THERMAL AND MOISTURE PROTECTION
07 01 00 Operation and Maintenance of Thermal and Moisture Protection
07 01 50 Maintenance of Membrane Roofing
07 01 50.23 Roof Removal
1.1 Demolition requires the selective removal and subsequent off-site proper disposal of existing
materials. This includes but is not limited to roofing assemblies, insulation board, flashings and
counterflashings, deck, parapet, etc. Other related items as may be required for the complete, watertight
installation of new materials, as herein described. All work will be in accordance with the TSOW issued
for the Project.
1.2 The facility users may be continuously occupying areas of the building immediately adjacent to areas
of demolition. Conduct demolition work in a manner that will minimize need for disruption of normal
operations.
1.3 Do not close, block or otherwise obstruct streets, walks, fire hydrants. Provide alternate routes around
closed or obstructed traffic ways if required.
1.4 Use water sprinkling, temporary enclosures, and other suitable methods to limit dust and dirt rising
and scattering in air to lowest practical level. Comply with governing regulations pertaining to
environmental protection, as described in the Overarching Environmental Specifications.
07 01 50.61 Roof Re-Coating
1.1 Contractor shall provide manufacturer‘s product literature for the re-coating material compatible with
the installed roofing material. Product shall be applied according to manufacturer‘s recommendations.
07 01 60 Maintenance of Flashing and Sheet Metal
07 01 60.91 Flashing and Sheet Metal Restoration
1.1 The following publications referred to thereafter by basic designation only, form a part of this
specification to the extent indicated by the references thereto. Use the latest version of each document.
1.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS:
1.2.1 ASTM D 312 Asphalt Used in Roofing
1.2.2 ASTM D 3909 Asphalt Roll Roofing Surfaced with Mineral Granules
1.2.3 ASTM D 2822 Asphalt Roof Cement
1.2.4 ASTM D 2823 Asphalt Roof Coatings
1.2.5 ASTM D 2824 Asphalt Roof Coatings, Aluminum Pigmented
1.2.6 ASTM D 3158 Asphalt Saturated and Coated Organic Felt Used in Roofing
1.2.7 ASTM D 4022 Coal Tar Roof Cement
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1.2.8 ASTM D 1668 Glass Fabrics (Woven and Treated), for Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2.9 ASTM D 226 Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
1.2.10 ASTM D 2178 Glass (Felt) Mat, Asphalt Impregnated, Used in Roofing & Waterproofing
1.2.11 ASTM D 41 Asphalt Primer, Used in Roofing, Damp-proofing and Waterproofing
1.3 FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS/STANDARDS & OTHER
1.3.1 FM Approval Guide
1.4 Install new PMMA base flashing repair. Remove failed existing base flashing. Clean area with
approved solvent per manufacturer recommendations.
1.5 The maximum length for a flashing sheet of any kind is 10'. The maximum length for a strip in sheet
is 20'.
1.6 Except for expedient temporary work, do not roof during inclement weather as defined in the General
Section of the Specification. Remove all temporary work prior to installing permanent components and
materials.
1.7 Do not install flashings over sharp object or any other item which interferes with the full adhesion of
the flashing system.
07 01 90 Maintenance of Joint Protection
07 01 90.81 Joint Sealant Replacement
1.1 SUMMARY
1.1.1 Extent of each form and type of joint sealer is described by the contract documents. This portion
of the Specification covers the sealants to be provided for miscellaneous joints. Note that in the Sheet
Metal Section that the sealants are included in the prices of the items. The work includes all aspects of
installing sealant and associated components.
1.2 SYSTEM PERFORMANCES:
1.2.1 Provide joint sealers produced and installed to establish and maintain watertight and airtight
continuous seals.
1.3 SUBMITTALS:
1.3.1 Submittals required with the project proposal.
1.3.1.1 Product Data: Submit technical product data, installation instructions and
recommendations from caulking/sealant manufacturer.
1.3.1.2 Shop drawings: Design and layout, location drawings are required for each sealant joint
installation.
1.3.2 Submittals required at the start of the Project.
1.3.2.1 An as-built plan view drawing of the roof showing exact location and extent of joints.
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1.4 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.4.1 Installer Qualifications: Contractor‘s sealant applicator must have proven experience in
applying products needed for the project.
1.4.2 Single Source Responsibility for Joint Sealer Materials: Obtain joint sealer materials from a
single manufacturer for each different product required.
1.5 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.5.1 Deliver materials to the project site in original unopened containers with manufacturer‘s labels
showing, product name, color, expiration date for use, pot life, curing time, weather limitations, and
mixing instructions for multi-component materials.
1.5.2 Store and handle materials in compliance with manufacturers‘ recommendations to prevent their
deterioration or damage due to moisture, high or low temperatures, contaminants, or other causes.
1.6 PROJECT CONDITIONS
1.6.1 Environmental Conditions: Do not proceed with installation of joint sealers under the following
conditions:
1.6.1.1 When ambient and substrate temperature conditions are outside the limits permitted for
the joint sealer.
1.6.1.2 When joint substrates are wet.
1.6.2 Joint Width Conditions: Do not proceed with installation of joint sealers where joint widths are
less than or greater than those allowed by the manufacturer.
1.6.3 Joint Substrate Conditions: Do not proceed with installation of joint sealers until contaminants
that would interfere with their adhesion are removed from joint substrates.
1.6.4 Contractor‘s QC shall verify joints are suitable to receive sealer materials.
2.1 MATERIALS, GENERAL
2.1.1 Compatibility: Provide joint sealers, joint fillers and other related materials that are compatible
with one another and with joint substrates based on manufacturer‘s testing and field experience.
2.1.2 Colors: Provide color of exposed joint sealers as indicated for the Project, if not otherwise
indicated, to match existing.
2.2 ELASTOMERIC JOINT SEALANTS
2.2.1 Elastomeric Sealant Standard: Provide manufacturer's standard chemically curing, elastomeric
sealant of base polymer indicated which complies with ASTM C 920 requirements, including those
referenced for Type, Grade, Class and Uses.
2.2.2 Multipart Non-sag Urethane Sealant for Use T: Type M, Grade NS, Class 25, and complying
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with the following requirements for uses:
2.2.2.1 Uses T, M, G, A, and as applicable to joint substrates indicated, O.
2.2.3 Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following or an approved
equivalent:
2.2.3.1 Multipart Non-sag Urethane Sealant for Use:
"Chem-Calk 500"; Bostik Const. Products Div.
"Vulkem 227"; Mameco Internatl., Inc.
"Dynatred"; Pecora Corp.
"PRC 280"; Products Research & Chem. Corp.
―Sonolastic‖; Sonneborn Inc.
"THC-901"; Tremco Inc.
2.3 SOLVENT-RELEASE-CURING JOINT SEALANTS
2.3.1 Acrylic Sealant: Manufacturer's standard one-part, non-sag, solvent-release-curing, acrylic
terpolymer sealant complying with ASTM C 920 for Type S; Grade NS; Uses NT, M, G, A, and, as
applicable to joint substrates indicated, O; except for selected test properties which are revised as follows:
2.3.1.1 Heat-aged hardness: 40-50.
Weight loss: 5 percent.
Max cyclic movement capability +/- 12-1/2 percent.
2.3.2 Products: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide one of the following or an approved
equivalent:
2.3.2.1 Acrylic Sealant:
"60+Unicrylic"; Pecora Corp.
"PTI 738"; Protective Treatments Inc.
"PTI 767"; Protective Treatments Inc.
"Mono"; Tremco Inc.
2.4 JOINT SEALANT BACKING
2.4.1 General: Provide sealant backings of material and type which are non-staining; are compatible
with joint substrates, sealants, primers and other joint fillers; and are approved for applications indicated
by sealant manufacturer based on field experience and laboratory testing.
2.4.2 Plastic Foam Joint Fillers: Preformed, compressible, resilient, non-waxing, non-extruding strips
of flexible, non-gassing plastic foam of material indicated below; nonabsorbent to water and gas; and of
size, shape and density to control sealant depth and otherwise contribute to producing optimum sealant
performance.
2.4.2.1 Either open-cell polyurethane foam or closed-cell polyethylene foam, unless otherwise
indicated, subject to approval of sealant manufacturer, for cold-applied sealants only.
2.4.3 Bond-Breaker Tape: Polyethylene tape or other plastic tape as recommended by sealant
manufacturer for preventing sealant from adhering to rigid, inflexible joint filler materials or joint
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surfaces at back of joint where such adhesion would result in sealant failure. Provide self-adhesive tape
where applicable.
2.5 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
2.5.1 Primer: Provide type recommended by joint sealer manufacturer where required for adhesion of
sealant to joint substrates indicated, as determined from preconstruction joint sealer-substrate tests and
field tests.
2.5.2 Cleaners for Nonporous Surfaces: Provide non-staining, chemical cleaners of type which are
acceptable to manufacturers of sealants and sealant backing materials, which are not harmful to substrates
and adjacent nonporous materials, and which do not leave oily residues or otherwise have a detrimental
effect on sealant adhesion or in-service performance.
2.5.3 Masking Tape: Provide non-staining, nonabsorbent tape compatible with joint sealants and to
surfaces adjacent to joints.
3.1 EXAMINATION
3.1.1 Examine joints indicated to receive joint sealers, for compliance with requirements for
configuration, installation tolerances, and other conditions affecting joint sealer performance. Do not
proceed with installation of joint sealers until unsatisfactory conditions are corrected.
3.2 PREPARATION
3.2.1 Surface Cleaning of Joints: Clean out joints immediately before installing joint sealers to
comply with recommendations of joint sealer manufacturers and the following requirements:
3.2.1.1 Remove all foreign material from joint substrates which could interfere with adhesion of
joint sealer, including dust; paints, except for permanent, protective coatings tested and approved for
sealant adhesion and compatibility by sealant manufacturer; old joint sealers; oil; grease; waterproofing;
water repellents; water; surface dirt; and frost.
3.2.1.2 Clean concrete, masonry and similar porous joint substrate surfaces, by brushing,
grinding, blast cleaning, mechanical abrading, or a combination of these methods to produce a clean,
sound substrate capable of developing optimum bond with joint sealers. Remove loose particles
remaining from above cleaning operations by vacuuming or blowing out joints with oil free compressed
air.
3.2.1.3 Clean metal, glass, porcelain enamel, glazed surfaces of ceramic tile; and other
nonporous surfaces by chemical cleaners or other means which are not harmful to substrates or leave
residues capable of interfering with adhesion of joint sealers.
3.2.2 Joint Priming: Prime joint substrates where recommended by joint sealer manufacturer based on
preconstruction joint-sealer substrate tests or prior experience. Apply primer to comply with joint sealer
manufacturer's recommendations. Confine primers to areas of joint sealer bond; do not allow spillage or
migration onto adjoining surfaces.
3.2.3 Masking Tape: Use masking tape where required to prevent contact of sealant with adjoining
surfaces which otherwise would be permanently stained or damaged by such contact or by cleaning
methods required to remove sealant smears. Remove tape immediately after tooling without disturbing
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joint seal.
3.3 INSTALLATION OF JOINT SEALERS
3.3.1 General: Comply with joint sealer manufacturer‘s printed installation instructions applicable to
products and applications indicated, except where more stringent requirements apply.
3.3.2 Elastomeric Sealant Installation Standard: Comply with recommendations of ASTM C 962 for
use of joint sealants as applicable to materials, applications, and conditions indicated.
3.3.3 Solvent-Release-Curing Sealant Installation Standard: Comply with requirements of ASTM C
804 for use of solvent-release-curing sealants.
3.3.4 Installation of Sealant Backings: Install sealant backings to comply with the following
requirements:
3.3.4.1 Install joint fillers of type indicated to provide support of sealants during application and
at position required to produce the cross-sectional shapes and depths of installed sealants relative to joint
widths which allow optimum sealant movement capability.
3.3.4.1.1 Do not leave gaps between ends of joint fillers.
3.3.4.1.2 Do not stretch, twist, puncture, or tear joint fillers.
3.3.4.1.3 Remove absorbent joint fillers which have become wet prior to sealant application
and replace with dry material.
3.3.5 Install bond breaker tape between sealants and joint fillers, compression seals, or back of joints
where adhesion of sealant to surfaces at back of joints would result in sealant failure.
3.3.6 Installation of Sealants: Install sealants by proven techniques that result in sealants directly
contacting and fully wetting joint substrates, completely filling recesses provided for each joint
configuration, and providing uniform, cross-sectional shapes and depths relative to joint widths which
allow optimum sealant movement capability.
3.3.7 Tooling of Non-sag Sealants: Immediately after sealant application and prior to the time
skinning or curing begins, tool sealants to form smooth, uniform beads of configuration indicated, to
eliminate air pockets, and to ensure contact and adhesion of sealant with sides of joint. Remove excess
sealants from surfaces adjacent to joint. Do not use tooling agents which discolor sealants or adjacent
surfaces or are not approved by sealant manufacturer.
3.3.7.1 Provide concave joint configuration per Figure 6A in ASTM C 962, unless otherwise
indicated.
3.4 CLEANING
3.4.1 Clean off excess sealants or sealant smears adjacent to joints as work progresses by methods
and with cleaning materials approved by the manufacturer of joint sealers.
3.5 PROTECTION
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3.5.1 Protect joint sealers during and after curing period from contact with contaminating substances
or from damage resulting from construction operations or other causes so that they are without
deterioration or damage at time of completion. If, despite such protection, damage or deterioration occurs,
cut out and remove damaged or deteriorated joint sealers immediately and reseal joints with new
materials to produce joint sealer installation with repaired areas indistinguishable from original work.
07 20 00 GYPSUM BOARD SUBSTRATE AND INSULATION
07 22 00 Roof and Deck Substrate Board
07 22 16 Roof Substrate Board
1.1 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
1.1.1 Install various roof substrate board products on low sloped roof decks.
1.1.2 The following products are specified in this Section:
1.1.2.1 Gypsum Substrate Board
½‖ Thick Gypsum Substrate Board Rated for Exterior Roof Exposure
1.2 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.2.1 Underwriters Laboratory (UL) Listing: Provide labeled materials tested and listed by UL for
Class and Rating indicated for each board type required. Provide fasteners and completed systems which
meet Factory Mutual Class I, I-90 approval.
1.3 SUBMITTALS
1.3.1 Submittals required:
1.3.1.1 Product Data: Submit technical product data, installation instructions and
recommendations from manufacturer, including certification that the materials comply with requirements
of the SOW.
1.4 DELIVERY, STORAGE AND HANDLING
1.4.1 Deliver materials to avoid water damage, and store rolled goods on end. Comply with
manufacturer's recommendations for job-site storage and protection.
1.5 JOB CONDITIONS
1.5.1 Substrate: Proceed with work only after substrate inspection, construction and preparation
work are completed.
1.5.2 Weather Conditions: Proceed with work only when weather conditions are favorable for the
correct installation of the material. The substrate must also be completely dry.
2.1 ABBREVIATIONS
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2.1.1 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
2.1.2 FM Factory Mutual
2.1.3 FS Federal Specification or Federal Standard
2.1.4 UL Underwriters Laboratory
2.2 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS
2.2.1 The following publications of the issue listed below and referred to thereafter by basic
designation only form part of this specification to the extent indicated by the references thereto. Use the
latest version of each document.
2.2.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS
2.2.2.1 ASTM C 728 Perlite Board Roof Insulation
2.2.2.2 ASTM C 208 Insulating Board (Cellulosic Fiber) Structural and Decorative
2.2.2.3 ASTM C 726 Mineral Fiber Roof Insulation Board
2.2.2.4 ASTM C 578 Preformed, Block-Type Cellular Polystyrene Thermal Insulation
2.2.2.5 ASTM C 1289 Standard Specification For Faced Rigid Cellular Polyisocyanurate Thermal
Insulation Board
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Deliver all materials to the site in a dry condition with labels intact. Either enclose materials in
a trailer or cover with a waterproof tarpaulin to protect from the weather and moisture.
3.1.2 If trailers are not used to protect the product, keep product on pallets at least 4" off of ground
and keep covered at all times.
3.2 OPERATIONAL PROCEDURES
3.2.1 Install temporary tie-ins and water cut-offs at the end of each workday. Remove all temporary
tie-ins and cut-offs so that the vertical face of the insulation is exposed at the beginning of each workday.
3.2.2 Do not cut any staggered board pieces that are already installed in order to install tie-offs.
Straighten the staggered board side of the day‘s work with unattached pieces of cut boards. Do not
permanently include such pieces in the roof system.
3.2.3 Do not roof during inclement weather. Remove all temporary work prior to installing
permanent components and materials.
3.3 BOARD INSTALLATION
3.3.1 The long joints of the boards shall be staggered. The joints between layers shall also be
staggered.
3.3.2 The surface of the boards shall be broomed clean of debris prior to the installation of the
membrane.
3.3.3 Cut and fit all joints and miters.
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3.3.4 Boards that can be readily lifted by hand are not securely attached. Such boards shall be
removed from the roof and new boards installed.
3.3.5 Board crickets installed on tapered insulation systems or on systems that have slope in the
decking must have a minimum finished slope of 1/4‖ per foot. This may require the application of two
layers of board to achieve positive roof slopes.
07 50 00 MEMBRANE ROOFING
1.1. DESCRIPTION
1.1.1 This section is intended to describe the work to be performed when new roof membranes are
installed over the roof insulation or other substrate. The work includes all aspects of roof membrane
installation.
1.2 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND HANDLING
1.2.1 Roofing materials shall be stored under cover (building, van trailers, or waterproof tarpaulin) to
protect them from rain or snow. Materials must be stored on raised platforms or pallets. Polyethylene
sheets are not suitable covering and material so stored will be marked ―rejected‖ and removed from the
site.
1.2.2 Materials shall remain on the original shipping pallets or placed on raised platforms to keep
them off the ground or storage surface. All rolled goods shall be stored on pallets or raised platforms ON
END and not laid flat on the storage surface. Damaged, out of round or "flattened" rolls will be rejected
by the Construction Inspector and removed from the job site.
1.3 MATERIALS
1.3.1 Material to be installed shall conform to applicable ASTM standards as specified. Certificates
of compliance may be required from each respective material manufacturer at the discretion of the
Contracting Officer‘ Representative. Certification shall be provided for all materials, bulk or packaged,
delivered to the construction site. All materials to be installed shall be delivered to the job site bearing
product labels of their manufacturer.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
1.4.1 Submittals required after Contract Award:
1.4.1.1 Product Data for Materials approval: The Contractor shall submit to the Contracting
Officer‘s Representative, certifications from the substrate board and fastener manufacturers/suppliers that
the materials to be used conform to specified standards as applicable to produce the membrane
manufacturer's standard system for the required warranty.
1.4.1.1.1 Manufacturer Publication: Two copies of the latest edition of each membrane
manufacturer's published general requirements and applicable literature for each roofing system required.
1.4.2 Membrane literature submittals required for the products used.
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1.4.3 Submittals required:
1.4.3.1 Contractor Reporting. The following shall be submitted:
1.4.3.1.1 Quality Control Record (AF Form 1063). (Daily)
1.4.3.2 Roof Drain Function Report, on any project with interior roof drains.
1.4.3.3 Substrate report, where applicable.
1.4.4 Submittals required:
1.4.4.1 A plan view drawing showing location, size, and date of each location where each
membrane samples were cut.
1.4.4.2 Quality Control Records (AF Form 1063)
1.4.4.3 As-built document revisions.
1.4.4.4 Final Roof Drain Function report.
1.5 COORDINATION REQUIREMENTS
1.5.1 Roofing operations shall be coordinated with sheet metal work and other trades so that the roof,
flashing, and sheet metal items are all completed for a single area in the day's work. Roofing operations
shall be coordinated with roof insulation work so that all insulation applied each day is covered with a
completed membrane assembly or adequately protected the same day.
1.5.2 Application Requirements: Surfaces will be inspected and approved by the Construction
Inspector, immediately prior to application of roofing and flashings. Said inspection to be coordinated by
the Contractor. The roofing or flashing shall be applied to a smooth and firm surface free of ice, frost,
moisture, dirt, projections, and foreign materials. Application of roofing shall not be performed under
damp or wet conditions. Work may not be performed unless the daily forecasted weather conditions are
favorable for proper application of the roofing materials.
1.5.3 Roof Protection: When wheeled or other traffic over the partially or fully completed roofing
membrane is unavoidable, use adequate plank or plywood protection for the roofing membrane.
Mechanical application devices shall be mounted on pneumatic tire wheels and shall be designed and
maintained to operate without damaging the substrate board, existing materials, or the roofing membrane.
1.5.4 Acceptance of Completed Work: Acceptance of completed work will be based on its
conformance to the contract specifications. Nonconforming work will be rejected. The Air Force is not
obligated to accept nonconforming work at a reduced price. The Contractor shall start replacement or
correction of rejected work within 10 calendar days after receipt of the rejection notice. A Quality
Control program not in compliance with Section 01 40 00 is considered nonconforming work.
1.5.5 Operations Procedures: Confine operations, movement of workers and equipment, storage of
materials and debris, etc. within the project limits as directed by the Contracting Officer‘s Representative.
Do not load the deck or any part of the building structure or permit it to be loaded with a weight which
will cause excessive deflection, endanger safety or cause damage. Protect the building, personnel, and
surrounding areas from damage or injury. The Contractor must determine the nature of these operations
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and provide proper protection. When staging material on the roof during execution of the work, the
Contractor shall ensure that overloading of the deck and structure does not occur. The live load limit for
all projects is 10 PSF unless noted otherwise. Repair all damage caused by lack of such protection.
1.5.6 If repairs are not made, or if the Contracting Officer‘s Representative determines repairs are
beyond the Contractor's ability, the Air Force may have the work done by others and will charge the cost
to the Contractor.
1.6 WARRANTY
1.6.1 All work performed under this section may be required to be warranted against material and
installation failure by the Contractor. The warranty shall cover the roof system in a leak-free state for 25
(twenty-five) years. The warranty shall be of a "no-dollar-limit" type, single source warranty.
1.6.2 The Contractor will submit a sample roof warranty to the Contracting Officer prior to
commencement of the work for approval.
2.1 ABBREVIATIONS
2.1.1 ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
2.1.2 FM Factory Mutual
2.1.3 FS Federal Specification or Federal Standard
2.1.4 UL Underwriters Laboratory
2.2 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS
2.2.1 The following publications listed below are referred to thereafter by basic designation only,
form a part of this specification to the extent indicated by the references thereto. Use the latest version of
each document.
2.2.2 ASTM PUBLICATIONS
2.2.2.1 ASTM D 312 Asphalt Used in Roofing
2.2.2.2 ASTM D 1863 Mineral Aggregate Used on Built-up Roofs
2.2.2.3 ASTM D 3909 Asphalt Roll Roofing Surfaced with Mineral Granules
2.2.2.4 ASTM D 2822 Asphalt Roof Cement
2.2.2.5 ASTM D 2823 Asphalt Roof Coatings
2.2.2.5 ASTM D 2824 Asphalt Roof Coatings, Aluminum Pigmented
2.2.2.6 ASTM D 3158 Asphalt Saturated and Coated Organic Felt Used in Roofing
2.2.2.7 ASTM D 450 Coal Tar Bitumen Used in Roofing, Damp-proofing & Waterproofing
2.2.2.8 ASTM D 4022 Coal Tar Roof Cement
2.2.2.9 ASTM D 1227 Emulsified Asphalt for Use as a Protective Roof Coating
2.2.2.10 ASTM D 1668 Glass Fabrics for Roofing and Waterproofing
2.2.2.11 ASTM D 226 Organic Felt Used in Roofing and Waterproofing
2.2.2.12 ASTM D 227 Organic Felt, Coal Tar Saturated, Used in Roofing & Waterproofing
2.2.2.13 ASTM D 2178 Glass (Felt) Mat, Asphalt Impregnated, Used in Roofing &
Waterproofing
2.2.2.14 ASTM D 6878 Internally fabric or scrim reinforced, uniform, flexible (fabric backed)
TPO sheet.
2.2.2.15 ASTM D 41 Asphalt Primer, Used in Roofing, Damp-proofing and Waterproofing
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2.2.3 FEDERAL SPECIFICATIONS/STANDARDS & OTHER
2.2.3.1 FM Approval Guide
2.2.3.2 UL TYPE G2 Fiberglass Roofing Base Sheet
2.2.3.3 FS SS-S-300b Organic 3 Tab Shingles
2.2.3.4 FS SS-S-001524 Class A, Type I Fiberglass 3 Tab Shingles
3.1 GENERAL
3.1.1 Substrate Inspection Approval
3.1.1.1 A proper substrate, as defined by the manufacturer, shall be provided to receive the
roofing system. The roofing Contractor shall notify the Construction Inspector and Contracting Officer in
writing of any defects in the substrate prior to the application of roofing. Work shall not proceed until the
substrate is repaired or replaced and the Contractor certifies in writing the substrate is suitable for
application of the roofing system.
3.1.1.2 Roof surface shall be dry, free of standing water, ice, or snow.
3.1.2 The entire roofing system shall be finished in one operation up to the line of termination at end
of the day's work. Application of roofing shall immediately follow application of substrate board as a
continuous operation. Phased construction will not be permitted.
3.1.7 Preparation for Roofing:
3.1.7.1 Removal operation must result in a clean and dry substrate, except for residual stains,
providing a surface suitable to apply new materials. A substrate surface is suitable when application of
new materials results in a uniform positive maximum bond between such materials and the substrate and
complies with the manufacturer‘s minimum standards for the use of system to be applied.
3.1.7.2 Remove existing roof-top equipment as indicated on the drawings; all equipment remains
Government property unless otherwise designated. Reinstall all removed items after installation of the
roof membrane system and components.
3.1.7.3 Lift or remove metal and metal accessories indicated to remain, to aid the installation of
new materials.
3.1.7.4 If conditions are uncovered or created that would be detrimental to the application of the
specified work, immediately notify the Construction Inspector of such conditions for determination of
remedy.
07 55 00 PMMA
07 54 23 PMMA LOW-ODOR COLD LIQUID APPLIED ROOFING/
WATERPROOFING FULLY REINFORCED SYSTEM
1.1 SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
1.1.1 The following specification outlines the requirements for a fully reinforced, low-odor,
cold fluid-applied, PMMA liquid resin roofing/waterproofing membrane (with optional approved
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broadcast mineral aggregate surfacing or approved coating) and all other ancillary waterproofing
work including but not limited to, installation of drains, pipe flashings, penetration flashings,
sealants and metal work as specified.
1.1.1.1 All membrane materials shall have a superior coefficient of expansion, to allow for
differential movement between the horizontal and vertical surface of the flashed penetration or
projection.
1.1.1.2 New membrane system MUST provide fast-drying primers to allow substrate
preparation, priming and membrane application to be completed the same day.
1.1.1.3 The use of cold fluid-applied reinforced low-odor PMMA membrane materials will
be required for all field membrane and flashings.
1.1.1.4 Any occupied and/or heated spaces MUST be waterproofed using a fully
reinforced system.
1.2 SECTION INCLUDES
1.2.1 Adhered fully reinforced cold fluid-applied low-odor PMMA liquid resin waterproofing
system including membrane, penetration flashings, base flashings, and expansion joints.
1.2.1.1 Removal of all existing roofing/waterproofing materials
1.2.1.2 Substrate preparation, cleaning, leveling and patching
1.2.1.3 Temporary waterproofing and priming
1.2.1.4 Waterproofing membrane installation
1.2.1.5 Flashing installation and expansion joint installation
1.2.1.6 Wearing/surfacing layer
1.3 RELATED SECTIONS
1.3.1 Supplementary General Conditions
1.3.2 Basic Requirements
1.3.3 Sheet Metal Flashing and Trim
1.4 REFERENCES
1.4.1 National Roofing Contractors Association (NRCA) Roofing and Waterproofing
Manual.
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1.4.2 ACI-308 - Recommended Practice for Curing Concrete
1.4.3 ASTM - D638 - Test Methods for Tensile Properties of Plastics
1.4.4 ASTM - D4258 - Standard Practice for Surface Cleaning Concrete for Coatings
1.4.5 ASTM - D4259 - Standard Practice for Abrading Concrete
1.4.6 ASTM - D4541 - Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings using Portable Adhesion
Tester
1.4.7 ASTM - E96(A) - Test Methods of Moisture Transmission of Material
1.4.8 ASTM E-108, ANSI/UL 790 for fire resistance.
1.4.9 International Concrete Repair Institute Guideline 03732 Concrete Surface Preparation
1.4.10 Steel Structures Painting Council (SSPC)
1.5 SUBMITTALS FOR REVIEW
1.5.1 Membrane System Product Data: Provide current standard printed product literature
indicating characteristics of membrane materials, flashing materials, components, and
accessories product specification and installation.
1.5.2 Product Samples: Submit product samples of membrane and flashing materials
showing color, texture, thickness and surfacing representative of the proposed system to the
COR for review and approval by the Inspector and the customer.
1.5.3 Submit sample copies of both the manufacturer and applicator‘s warranties for the
periods stipulated. Each specimen must be a preprinted representative sample of the issuing
company‘s standard warranty for the system specified.
1.5.4 Submit copies of current Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for all components of the
work.
1.5.5 Membrane Shop Drawings: Submit shop drawings of fully reinforced, cold fluid-
applied, PMMA liquid resin waterproofing membrane system showing project plan, size,
flashing details, and attachment to COR for review and approval by the Inspector, Project
Manager, and the customer.
1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE
1.6.1 Membrane Manufacturer: Company specializing in manufacturing fully reinforced,
cold fluid-applied liquid resin waterproofing membrane products as specified in this section with
a minimum of five (5) years of documented applications in the United States and Colorado
locations. Membrane manufacturer shall submit the following certifications for review:
1.6.1.1 Substrates and conditions are acceptable for purpose of providing specified
warranty.
1.6.1.2 Materials supplied shall meet the specified requirements.
1.6.1.3 Applicator: Company specializing in performing the work of this section with 3
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years‘ documented experience and approved by system manufacturer for warranted membrane
installation. Applicator shall submit the following certification for review:
1.6.1.4 Applicator shall submit documentation from the membrane manufacturer to verify
contractor‘s status as an approved applicator for warranted installations.
1.6.2 Evaluate moisture content of substrate materials. Constructor shall determine substrate
moisture content throughout the work and record on the Daily Inspection Report or other form of
reporting acceptable to the Inspector and membrane manufacturer.
1.6.3 Random tests to determine tensile bond strength of membrane to substrate shall be
conducted by the Contractor at the job site by the performance of a manual pull test. Contractor
shall perform tests at the beginning of the work, and at intervals as required to assure specified
adhesion with a minimum of three (3) tests per 5000 square feet. Smaller areas shall receive a
minimum of three (3) tests. Test results shall be submitted to the COR for review by the
Inspector and the membrane manufacturer. Contractor shall immediately notify the Inspector,
COR and membrane manufacturer in the event bond test results are below specified values.
1.6.3.1 Adequate surface preparation will be indicated by tensile bond strength of
membrane to substrate greater than or equal to 219 psi (1.5 N/mm2) for pedestrian traffic and 300
psi (2.0 N/mm2) for vehicular (low speed) traffic and water flow/containment, as determined by
use of an adhesion tester.
1.6.3.2 Adequate surface preparation will be indicated by 135F peel bond strength of
membrane to substrate such that cohesive failure of substrate occurs before adhesive failure of
membrane/substrate interface.
1.6.3.3 In the event the bond strengths are less than the minimum specified, additional
substrate preparation is required. Repeat testing to verify suitability of substrate preparation.
1.6.4 Monitor quantities of installed materials. Monitor application of resin mixture,
reinforcing fleece and flashing. Perform work in accordance with manufacturer's instructions.
1.7 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS
1.7.1 Conform to applicable building and jurisdictional codes for roofing/waterproofing
assembly and fire resistance requirements.
1.7.2 Comply with requirements of OSHA, NIOSH, or USAFA governing authority for work
place safety.
1.7.3 Comply with authority or agency ―Confined Space Policy‖ during and throughout all
work to be performed.
1.8 PRE-INSTALLATION MEETING
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1.8.1 The contractor will convene a pre-installation meeting at the job site 1 week before
starting work of this section.
1.8.1.1 Request attendance of parties directly affecting work of this section, including but
not limited to: 10 CES Project Manager, Contracting Officer‘s Representative, and Inspector;
Roofing/Waterproofing Contractor; and membrane manufacturer's representative.
1.8.1.2 Review roofing/waterproofing preparation and installation procedures,
coordination and scheduling required with related work, and condition and structural loading
limitations of deck/substrate.
1.9 FIELD INSPECTION SERVICES
1.9.1 Manufacturer‘s technical representative shall provide the following inspections of the
membrane application:
1.9.1.1 Job start inspection at the beginning of each phase of the project to review special
detailing conditions and substrate preparation.
1.9.1.2 Periodic in-progress inspections throughout duration of the project to evaluate
membrane and flashing application.
1.9.1.3 Final punch-list inspection at the completion of each phase of the project prior to
installation of any surfacing or overburden materials.
1.9.1.4 Warranty inspection to confirm completion of all punch list items, surfacing, and
overburden application.
1.10 DELIVERY, STORAGE, AND PROTECTION
1.10.1 The Contractor, together with the Inspector and customer, shall define a storage area
for all components. The area shall be cool, dry, out of direct sunlight, and in accordance with
manufacturer‗s recommendations and relevant regulatory agencies. Materials shall not be stored
in quantities that will exceed design loads, damage substrate materials, hinder installation or
drainage.
1.10.2 Store solvent-bearing solutions, resins, additives, inhibitors or adhesives in accordance
with the MSDS and/or local fire authority. After partial use of materials replace lids promptly
and tightly to prevent contamination.
1.10.3 Roll goods shall be stored horizontally on platforms sufficiently elevated to prevent
contact with water and other contaminants. DO NOT use rolls that are wet, dirty or have
damaged ends.
1.10.4 Roofing/waterproofing materials must be kept dry at all times. If stored outside, raise
materials above ground or roof level on pallets and cover with a tarpaulin or other waterproof
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material. Plastic wrapping installed at the factory should not be used as outside storage covers.
1.10.5 Follow manufacturer's directions for protection of materials prior to and during
installation. Do not use materials damaged to the point that they will not perform as specified.
Fleece reinforcing materials must be clean, dry and free of all contaminants.
1.10.6 Copies of all current MSDS for all components shall be kept on site. Provide any and
all crew members with appropriate safety data information and training as it relates to the
specific chemical compound he or she may be expected to deal with. Each crew member shall be
fully aware of first-aid measures to be undertaken in case of incidents. Comply with
requirements of OSHA, NIOSH or local governing authority for work place safety.
1.11 ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
1.11.1 Do not apply roofing/waterproofing membrane during or with the threat of inclement
weather.
1.11.2 Application of cold fluid applied reinforced PMMA roofing and waterproofing
membrane may proceed while air temperature is between 32°F (0°C) and 95°F (35°C) providing
the substrate is a minimum of 5°F above the dew point.
1.11.3 When ambient temperatures are at or expected to fall below 32°F (0°C), or reach 86°F
(30°C) or higher, follow membrane system manufacturer's recommendations for weather related
application procedures.
1.11.4 Ensure substrate materials are dry and free of contaminants. DO NOT commence with
the application unless substrate conditions are suitable. Contractor shall demonstrate substrate
conditions are suitable for the application of the materials.
1.11.5 Where required by the customer, Contractor shall implement odor control and
elimination measures prior to and during the application of the roofing/waterproofing materials.
Control/elimination measures shall be field tested at off-hours and typically consists of one (1) or
a multiple of the following measures:
1.11.5.1 Sealing of air intakes with activated carbon filters. Install filters in accordance
with requirements and recommendations of the filter manufacturer. Seal filters at joints and
against building exterior walls to prevent leakage of unfiltered air where required due to size of
intake opening. Provide track system to secure filters.
1.11.5.2 Erection and use of moveable enclosure(s) sized to accommodate work area(s)
and stationary enclosure for resin mixing station. Enclosure shall be field constructed or pre-
manufactured of fire-retardant materials in compliance with local code requirements in
accordance with requirements of the COR and Inspector. Equipment enclosure(s) should have
mechanical air intake/exhaust openings and Odor Control Air Cleaners, as required to clean
enclosed air volume and to prevent odor migration outside the enclosure. Exhaust opening shall
be sealed with activated carbon filter.
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1.11.5.3 The contractor will coordinate placement of odor elimination stations inside and
outside of the enclosure(s) as required by field conditions with the Inspector and the customer.
1.11.5.4 Contractor will protect contractor personnel and occupants of the structure and
surrounding buildings as necessary to comply with requirements of OSHA, NIOSH and/or
governing local authority.
1.11.5.5 When disposing of all refuse or unused materials, observe all EPA, OSHA or
USAFA Environmental disposal requirements.
1.12 COORDINATION & PROTECTION
1.12.1 Coordinate the work with the installation of associated metal flashings, accessories,
appurtenances, etc. as the work of this section proceeds.
1.12.2 Building components shall be protected adequately (with tarp or other suitable
material) from soil, stains, or spills at all hoisting points and areas of application. Contractor
shall be responsible for preventing damage from any operation under its Contract. Any such
damage shall be repaired at Contractor's expense or restored to original condition to COR's
satisfaction.
1.12.3 Provide barricades, retaining ropes, safety elements (active/passive) and any
appropriate signage required by OSHA, NIOSH, and NSC and/or the USAFA.
1.12.4 Protect finished roofing/waterproofing membrane from damage by other trades. Do
not allow waste products containing petroleum, grease, acid, solvents, vegetable or mineral oil,
animal oil, animal fat, etc. or direct steam venting to come into direct contact with the
membrane.
1.13 WARRANTY
1.13.1 Manufacturer's Standard Warranty: Provide twenty-five (25) year standard
manufacturer's single source warranty under provisions of this section. The warranty shall
provide for a fully-integrated warranty to accept thin-film photo-voltaic systems applications,
without voiding or reducing the warranty time or provisions.
1.13.2 Submit two executed copies of both the manufacturer and applicator‘s warranties for
the periods stipulated, starting from the date of substantial completion. Each warranty must be
signed by an authorized representative of the issuing company.
1.14 MATERIAL SUBSTITUTIONS
1.14.1 Materials proposed for use in the performance of the work not specified herein must
be submitted to the COR for Inspector and customer review and approval with the bid.
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2.1 GENERAL
2.1.1 The products herein specified are totally pre-engineered products of the listed
manufacturer and establish criteria for the approval of substitutions. Products must be part of a
pre-engineered system, equivalent in function, quality, composition and method of application to
be considered for approval as an "Approved Substitute." Substitute materials must meet or
exceed the physical performance characteristics of the specified materials. Unsaturated
polyesters or single and two component urethane resin systems will not be accepted. Fleece
reinforcement is required.
2.2 FIELD MEMBRANE
2.2.1 Field Membrane: Two-component with catalyst, low-odor, cold fluid-applied PMMA
waterproofing membrane reinforced with fleece, for a finished nominal dry film membrane
thickness of .080 inch per ply. Provide products manufactured and supplied by one
manufacturer:
2.2.1.1 Waterproofing Membrane: PMMA low-odor resin for use in a fully adhered
waterproofing membrane system.
2.2.2 Physical Properties:
Property Value Test Method
Color Pebble Gray -
Physical state (Liquid) Cures to solid -
Nominal thickness (with reinforcing 90 mils ASTM D 5147
fleece) Section 5
Peak Load @ 73F, avg > 70 psi ASTM D-5147
Section 6
Elongation @ Peak Load, avg > 35% ASTM D-5117
Section 6
Tear Strength >90 lbf ASTM D-5147
Section 7
Water absorption (Method I, 24h @ 73F) 0%- 1% ASTM D-570
Impact resistance, avg Shore A 75 ASTM D-2240
Usage time* 20-25 minutes -
Rainproof after* 45 minutes -
Solid to walk on after* 2 hour -
Solid to drive on with air rubber tires 3 hours -
after*
Overburden may be applied after 3 hours -
Completely hardened after 5 hours -
Crack spanning 2mm/0.08 inch -
Resistance to temperatures up to (short 250°C/482°F -
term)
*All times are approximate and depend upon wind, humidity and temperature.
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* Product is a special low-odor formulation to enhance worker productivity.
2.3 PRIMERS
2.3.1 Epoxy Primer: Supplied by membrane manufacturer; two-component, high solids, and
low-odor translucent epoxy primer for use in improving adhesion of membrane to substrate
surfaces. Monitor application rate and adjust depending on substrate absorbency.
2.3.2 Methyl-Methacrylate Primer: Supplied by membrane manufacturer; two-component,
high solids PMMA resin for use in improving adhesion of membrane to various substrate
surfaces. Monitor application rate and adjust depending on substrate absorbency.
2.4 FLASHING MEMBRANE
2.4.1 Flashing Membrane: A vertical grade two-component, with catalyst, low-odor, cold
fluid-applied PMMA waterproofing membrane reinforced with fleece, for a finished nominal dry
film membrane thickness of .080 inch per ply with optional finished colored aggregate topcoat
surfacing or approved coating.
2.5 OTHER RESINS
2.5.1 Wearing/Surfacing Resin: Three component with catalyst, low-odor, cold fluid-applied
PMMA self-leveling mortar.
2.5.2 Patching, Filling and Smoothing Resin: Two component with catalyst, cold fluid-
applied PMMA paste.
2.5.3 Textured Surfacing: Two component with catalyst, cold fluid-applied PMMA resin,
with pre-mixed grain, trafficable surface finish.
2.5.4 Finish Resin: Two component with catalyst, cold fluid-applied PMMA aesthetic finish
layer.
2.6 REINFORCEMENT
2.6.1 Reinforcing Fleece: Non-woven, needle-punched polyester fabric reinforcement used
in the PMMA system.
2.6.1.1 Fleece used to improve tear strength, puncture resistance, flexural fatigue and crack
bridging capabilities while maintaining membrane uniformity.
2.6.1.1.1 Color: White
2.6.1.1.2 Nominal thickness: 40 mils
2.6.1.1.3 Weight: 110 g/m²
2.6.1.1.4 Tensile Strength at break (N/50mm): ≥ 130 MD/150 CMD
2.6.1.1.5 Elongation (%): ≥ 50 MD/70 CMD
2.6.1.1.6 Tear Resistance: 20>daN
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2.6.1.1.7 Puncture Resistance: 24>daN
2.6.1.1.8 Water absorption (%): <1
2.7 ACCESSORIES
2.7.1 Tools, Accessories, and Cleaners: Supplied and/or approved by membrane
manufacturer for product installation.
2.7.1.1 Surfacing Aggregate:
2.7.1.1.1 Topcoat Slip-Resistant Surfacing Aggregate: Silica sand, ceramic-coated
quartz, or specialty aggregate shall be washed, kiln-dried, and dust-free with the following size
specification:
2.7.1.1.1.1 Aesthetic: 0.4 - 0.8 mm
2.7.1.1.1.2 Bond/Wearing Coat: 1.0 - 1.6 mm
2.7.1.1.1.3 Light Pedestrian Traffic: 0.4 - 0.8 mm
2.7.1.1.1.4 Soprema Alsan RS Deco Chips, or equal: 1/16‖ + (1.6 mm +)
2.7.1.1.2 Leveling and Patching Aggregate: silica sand shall be washed, kiln-dried, and
dust-free, suitable for troweling or pourable self-leveling, round grain or angular with the
following size specification:
2.7.1.1.2.1 For voids less than ¼‖ in depth: 0.4 - 0.8 mm
2.7.1.1.2.2 For voids ¼‖ to 2‖ in depth: 0.7 - 1.2 mm
2.7.1.1.2.3 Mixing Proportions shall be a ratio of primer to sand at 1:3 by volume or as
approved by membrane manufacturer.
2.7.1.2 Backer Rod: Expanded, closed-cell polyethylene foam designed for use with cold-
applied joint sealant.
2.7.1.3 Caulking: Single component, non-sag elastomeric polyurethane sealant, as
recommended and supplied by membrane manufacturer for use in making airtight and watertight
seals where required.
2.7.1.4 Wood Nailers and Cant Strips: New wood nailers and cant strips shall be ACQ
pressure treated for rot resistance, #2 or better lumber. Asphaltic, CCA, or creosote treated
lumber is not acceptable.
2.7.1.5 Miscellaneous Fasteners: Appropriate for purpose intended and approved by
fastener manufacturer; length required for thickness of material [with metal washers]; as supplied
and approved by membrane manufacturer.
2.7.1.6 Drains: Spun/cast aluminum or cast iron roof drain with strainer/grate, as supplied
or approved by membrane manufacturer.
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2.7.1.7 Temporary and Night Sealant: As recommended or required by membrane
manufacturer.
2.7.2 Catalyst Powder: White granular powder, based on dibenzoylperoxide, used as a
reactive agent to induce curing of all low-order resins.
2.7.3 Liquid Thixo: Thixotropic liquid additive used to increase viscosity of resins.
2.7.4 Pavers: Standard concrete pavers with compressive strength greater than or equal to
7000 psi, water absorption not greater than 5% and meeting ASTM C-67 for freeze/thaw cycles
as recommended by manufacturer.
2.7.5 Supportive Pedestals: Pedestals to support and space pavers with leveling shims or
similar method to adjust paver height as recommended by manufacturer.
2.7.6 Insulation Adhesive: Two component elastomeric high velocity urethane insulation
adhesive.
2.8 INSULATION COVER BOARD
2.8.1 Cover Board: High compressive strength, multi-ply, semi-rigid asphaltic roofing
substrate underlayment board composed of a mineral fortified asphaltic core formed between two
asphaltic saturated fiberglass liners, with the following characteristics:
2.8.1.1 Board Weight 0.9 lb/sq. ft [1/8] inch, 1.7 lb/sq. ft [1/4] inch
2.8.1.2 Board Size [48 x 48] [48 x 60] [48 x 96] inches
2.8.1.3 Board Thickness 1/8 inch, 1/4 inch
2.8.1.4 Compressive Strength 630 psi [1/8] inch, 440 psi [1/4] inch as determined at
15% ASTM D 545
2.8.1.6 Board Edges square
2.8.2 Cover Board: High compressive strength underlayment board consisting of aggregated
Portland cement slurry with polymer-coated glass-fiber mesh, with the following characteristics:
2.8.2.1 Board Weight 3.0 lb/sq. ft
2.8.2.2 Board Size [48 x 48] [48 x 96] inches
2.8.2.3 Board Thickness 1/2 inch
2.8.2.4 Thermal Conductivity K factor of 1.92 as determined by ASTM C177
2.8.2.5 Board Edges square
2.8.3 Cover Board (Plywood): APA-rated C-C Plugged exterior-grade plywood board,
installed plugged side up, with the following characteristics:
2.8.3.1 Board Weight 1.4 lb/sq. ft
2.8.3.2 Board Size [48 x 48] [48 x 96] inches
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2.8.3.3 Board Thickness 1/2 inch
2.8.3.4 Thermal Conductivity K factor of 0.80 as determined by ASTM C177
2.8.3.5 Board Edges square
2.9 INSULATION
2.9.1 Insulation: Polyisocyanurate insulation board having non-asphaltic facers meeting or
exceeding the requirements for Fed. Spec. HH-I-1972/Gen. with minimum compressive
resistance of 18 psi, 1.0 inch minimum thickness, with the following characteristics:
2.9.1.1 Board Density 2.0 lb/cu ft
2.9.1.2 Board Size [48x48][48 x 96] inches
2.9.1.3 Board Thickness [will be per SOW and drawings] inches
2.9.1.4 Thermal Conductivity K factor of [will be per SOW and drawings] as determined
by
ASTM C177, aged 12 months at 75 degrees F
2.9.1.5 Board Edges square
2.9.1 Insulation: Extruded polystyrene insulation board as approved by manufacturer with the
following characteristics:
2.9.1.1 Insulation to meet ASTM C-578, Types VI or VII.
2.9.1.2 Minimum compressive strength per ASTM D-1621; 40 or 60 psi.
2.9.1.3 Maximum water absorption per ASTM C-272; 0.1%
2.9.1.4 Water vapor permeance for 1‖ product per ASTM E-96; 1.0 perms.
2.9.1.5 Insulation to have an R value of 5.0 ft² h/BTU/in. per ASTM C-518.
2.9.1.6 Board edges to be square.
2.9.1.7 Insulation shall be free of CFCs.
2.10 TAPERED INSULATION
2.10.1 Insulation: Tapered polyisocyanurate insulation board having non-asphaltic facers
meeting or exceeding the requirements for Fed. Spec. HH-I-1972/Gen. with minimum
compressive resistance of 18 psi, 1.0 inch minimum thickness, with the following characteristics:
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2.10.1.1 Board Density 2.0 lb/cu ft
2.10.1.2 Board Size [48x48][48 x 96] inches
2.10.1.3 Board Taper [per project SOW and drawings] inch per foot
2.10.1.4 Total Thickness [per project SOW and drawings] inches minimum [As
required to achieve an average R value of [per project SOW and drawings] for tapered insulation
system.
2.10.1.1 Thermal Conductivity K factor of [per project SOW and drawings] as
determined by ASTM C177, aged 12 months at 75 degrees F
2.10.1.1 Board Edges square
2.11 MODIFIED BITUMEN BASE SHEET
2.11.1 Colvent: Torch or self-adhered modified bitumen vented base sheets.
2.11.2 Elastophene: Torch or self-adhered modified bitumen base sheets.
2.11.3 Sopralene: Torch or self-adhered modified bitumen base sheets.
2.11.4 Or approved equal.
2.12 MODIFIED BITUMEN PRIMER
2.12.1 Elastocol 500 asphaltic primer.
2.12.2 Elastocol 600c asphaltic primer.
2.12.3 Or approved equal.
2.13 BASE/CAP SHEET AND INSULATION SECUREMENT
2.13.1 Mechanical Fasteners: FM-approved corrosion resistant insulation/base sheet fasteners
of appropriate length with plates. Securement pattern shall be in accordance with specified wind
uplift rating for system application. Roofing fasteners shall be a type approved and supplied by
membrane manufacturer.
2.13.2 Polyurethane Adhesive: FM-approved high velocity, moisture-cured polyurethane
adhesive. Adhesive application rate shall be in accordance with specified wind uplift rating for
system application. Roofing adhesive shall be a type approved and supplied by membrane
manufacturer. Note: prior written approval by the adhesive, insulation and membrane type for
use of polyurethane roofing adhesive must be obtained from membrane manufacturer.
2.13.3 Asphalt Adhesive: FM-approved steep roofing asphalt conforming to ASTM D-312,
Type III. Provide label on each container indicating flash point, finished blowing temperature,
softening point, and equiviscous temperature. Asphalt primer, cutback solvent type, conforming
to ASTM D-41, required for concrete, masonry, and metal surfaces.
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2.14 WEARING AND SURFACING
2.14.1 Aesthetic Color Finish Coating: Two-component rapid curing PMMA-based coating
suitable for use as a colored coating for exposed and submerged applications, as provided by the
manufacturer:
2.14.2 Aggregate Walkway Slip-Resistant Finish Surfacing: Two-component rapid curing
PMMA-based resin suitable for use to both bond and seal aggregate, as provided by the
manufacturer:
3.1 EXAMINATION
3.1.1 Verify that surfaces and site conditions are ready to receive work.
3.1.2 Verify deck/substrate openings, curbs, and protrusions through deck/substrate, wood
cant strips and reglets are in place and solidly set.
3.1.3 Verify deck/substrate is structurally supported, secure and sound.
3.2 PREPARATION OF SUBSTRATE
3.2.1 General: All existing roofing and waterproofing materials are to be removed down to
the structural deck.
3.2.2 Surfaces to be prepared as a substrate for the new waterproofing system as follows:
3.2.2.1 The contractor shall determine the condition of the existing structural
deck/substrate. All defects in the deck or substrate shall be corrected before new waterproofing
work commences. Areas of deteriorated deck/substrate, porous or other affected materials must
be removed and replaced with new to match existing.
3.2.2.2 Prepare flashing substrates as required for application of new waterproofing
membrane flashings.
3.2.2.3 Inspect substrates, and correct defects before application of new waterproofing.
Fill all surface voids greater than 1/8 inch wide with an acceptable fill material.
3.2.2.4 Remove all ponded water, snow, frost and/or ice from the work substrate prior to
installing new waterproofing materials.
3.2.2.5 The final substrate for waterproofing shall be clean, dry, free of loose, spalled or
weak material including coatings, mineral aggregate, and flood coat/gravel surfacing, oil, grease,
contaminants, abrupt changes in level, waterproofing agents, curing compounds, and free of
projections which could damage membrane materials.
3.2.3 Concrete:
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3.2.3.1 New concrete shall have cured a minimum of 28 days in accordance with ACI-
308 or as approved by Waterproofing Manufacturer's Technical Department.
3.2.3.2 New or existing concrete shall be free of oil, grease, curing compounds, loose
particles, moss, algae growth, laitance, friable matter, dirt, bituminous products and previous
waterproofing materials.
3.2.3.3 New or existing concrete shall be dry with a maximum moisture content of six (6)
percent and ninety-six (96) percent relative humidity. Determinations of moisture content shall
be performed by the Contractor. Contractor shall be responsible to perform periodic evaluations
of moisture content during the work. Moisture evaluation results shall be submitted in writing to
the CO and waterproofing manufacturer for acceptance.
3.2.3.4 Where required, concrete shall be abrasively cleaned in accordance with ASTM
D4259 to provide a sound substrate free from laitance. Achieve an open concrete surface in
accordance with ICRI surface profiles CSP 3-5. When using mechanical methods to remove
existing waterproofing products or surface deterioration, the surface profile is not to exceed ¼
inch (peak to valley).
3.2.3.5 The substrate shall be sound and all spalls, voids and blow holes on vertical or
horizontal surfaces must be repaired prior to placement of the primer coat. Ensure all uneven
areas are leveled using cementitious or other suitable materials. Repairs are to be done in
accordance and approved by the membrane manufacturer.
3.2.3.6 Areas of minor surface deterioration of 0.25‖ (6 mm) or greater in depth shall be
repaired to prevent possible ponding of the system, leading to excessive usage of primer and
resin.
3.2.3.7 Extent and location of thin surface patching shall require approval of the COR
and waterproofing manufacturer prior to the application of any system component.
3.2.3.8 For concrete materials with a compressive strength of less than 3,500 psi contact
waterproofing manufacturer‘s technical department for substrate preparation requirements.
3.2.3.9 As an option to applying the PMMA system directly to concrete, adhere a
modified bitumen base sheet to the properly primed substrate.
3.2.4 Masonry:
3.2.4.1 Walls shall be built with hard kiln dried brick or waterproof concrete block
construction.
3.2.4.2 Areas of soft or scaling brick or concrete, faulty mortar joints, or walls with
broken, damaged or leaking coping shall be repaired in accordance with the requirements of the
SOW and flashing membrane manufacturer.
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3.2.4 Steel/Metal:
3.2.4.1 Clean and prepare metal surfaces to near white metal in accordance with SSPC -
SP3 (power tool clean) or as required by membrane manufacturer. Extend preparation a
minimum of three (3) inches beyond the termination of the membrane flashing materials. Notch
steel surfaces to provide a rust-stop.
3.2.4.2 In addition to cleaning, all metal surfaces shall be abraded to provide a rough
open surface. A wire brush finish is not acceptable.
3.2.5 Wood/Plywood:
3.2.5.1 Plywood shall be identified with American Plywood Association (APA) grade
trademarks and shall meet the requirements of product standard PS1. Strip plywood joints with
four inch (4") wide strip of flashing membrane. Cover knot holes or cracks with strips of
flashing Membrane.
3.2.6 Other Flashing Surfaces:
3.2.6.1 Remove all contaminants as required by membrane manufacturer. Surface
preparation shall be performed by means approved by Inspector.
3.2.7 Finish Leveling, Patching and Crack Preparation:
3.2.7.1 General: Resin/sand mix is the preferred material for all substrate finish leveling,
crack and wall/deck preparation and patching. Resin/sand patching mix provides a fast-set time
of approximately 45 minutes and does not require surface grinding.
3.2.7.2 Primer/sand mix is an alternative substrate leveling and patching material over
horizontal surfaces. Primer/sand patching mix provides a set time of approximately 1 hour, and
does not require surface grinding. Primer/sand mix is typically applied in conjunction with
general surface priming.
3.2.7.3 Substrate Leveling & Patching: Substrate conditions are to be evaluated by the
Contractor, Inspector and membrane manufacturer. The contractor will perform leveling and
patching operations as follows:
3.2.7.3.1 Level uneven horizontal and low-slope surfaces with a leveling mixture of
PMMA self-leveling mortar [depth < ½―, (12mm)] resin. Depths < ½―should be build up in
separate layers. Spread and plane this resin with a squeegee, trowel and/or roller to achieve a flat
surface. Spike roller may be used to smooth out the surfaces.
3.2.7.3.2 Fill cavities on horizontal and low-slope surfaces with a patching mixture of
PMMA primer and approved kiln-dried sand in a 1:3 primer to sand ratio by volume or with
PMMA paste using trowels to apply the resin mortar in place and achieve flat surface.
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3.2.7.3.3 Fill cavities on sloped and vertical surfaces with PMMA paste using trowels
to apply the resin mortar in place and achieve flat surface.
3.2.7.3.4 Silica sand must be kept absolutely dry during storage and handling.
3.2.7.3.5 Any surface to be leveled or filled must first be primed with an appropriate
PMMA primer and all resin mortars shall be placed in lifts no greater than the maximum
thickness indicated by the manufacturer.
3.2.7.4 Joint and Crack Preparation: Joints, cracks and fractures in the structural
deck/substrate shall be prepared as defined below prior to installation of the waterproofing
membrane. Note: Joints, cracks, and fractures may telegraph through the waterproofing
membrane.
3.2.7.4.1 Non-Moving Cracks: Determine that crack is non-moving. Clean out crack
by brushing and oil-free compressed air. Fill crack with PMMA paste. Allow for a minimum of
one (1) hour cure or as required by product manufacturer.
3.2.7.4.2 Moving Cracks: Determine that crack is moving. Clean out crack by
brushing and oil-free compressed air. Fill crack with PMMA paste. Allow for a minimum of one
(1) hour cure or as required by product manufacturer. Apply resin and 4 inch (10 cm) wide strip
of membrane (resin and fleece) in strict accordance with membrane manufacturer‘s written
instructions.
3.3 WOOD NAILER LOCATION AND INSTALLATION
3.3.1 Install pressure-treated wood nailers as specified, or as required by the membrane
manufacturer.
3.3.2 Secure Wood Nailer: Wood nailers shall be firmly fastened to the deck. The wood
nailer attachment must be able to resist a minimum force of 200 lbs. per lineal foot, in any
direction. Mechanically fasten wood nailers as required to resist a force of 200 lbs per lineal foot,
but with no less than 5 fasteners per 8 foot or 6 fasteners per 10 foot length of nailer. Refer to
current FM Loss Prevention Bulletin 1-49 for additional attachment recommendations.
3.4 MODIFIED BASE SHEET APPLICATION (Optional)
3.4.1 As an option to the application of the PMMA system directly to concrete or existing
membrane surfaces, a modified bitumen base sheet may be adhered to the substrate before
application of the liquid system. Use of a modified base sheet must be approved by
manufacturer in writing. Prime surfaces to receive the base sheet with Elastocol 500 or 600c of
approved equal at 100-125 ft²/gal and allow to cure.
3.4.2 Self-adhere the specified modified bitumen base sheet to the primed deck. Side laps to
be a minimum of 3‖ and end laps a minimum of 6‖. If a venting base sheet is used, ensure that
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rolls are properly aligned and installed to allow moisture movement. Consult manufacturer for all
requirements and proper installation techniques.
3.5 INSULATION/COVER BOARD INSTALLATION
3.5.1 General: Insulation and cover board shall be installed in accordance with the
insulation/cover board manufacturer's current published specifications and recommendations for
use with adhered roofing.
3.5.1.1 Note: An increased amount of roofing adhesive and/or fasteners may be required
at the perimeter band of the roof, depending upon parapet and building height. Refer to the Roof
membrane manufacturer‘s Application Rate Chart for recommended application rates.
3.5.2 Install Insulation/Cover Board: Install only as much insulation and cover board as can
be primed, sealed, and protected before the end of the day's work or before the onset of
inclement weather.
3.5.3 Fit Insulation/Cover Board: Neatly fit insulation/cover board to all penetrations,
projections, and nailers. Insulation shall be loosely butted, with gaps not greater than 1/4". All
gaps greater than 1/4" shall be filled with acceptable insulation. Cover board shall be loosely
butted, with gaps not greater than 1/4‖. All gaps lesser than 1/8‖ shall be filled with primer; all
gaps greater than ¼‖ shall be filled with PMMA paste.
3.5.4 Strip In Cover Board Joints: Strip all cover board joints with four inch (4") wide strip of
flashing membrane. Under no circumstances shall the membrane be left unsupported over a
space greater than 1/4".
3.5.5 Stagger Insulation/Cover Board Joints: When installing multiple layers of insulation,
all joints between succeeding layers shall be staggered a minimum of 6" in each direction.
3.5.6 Steel Deck Substrates: Place boards perpendicular to steel deck flutes with edges over
flute surface for bearing support. Edges shall be checked so that no edges are left substantially
unsupported along the flutes.
3.5.7 Drain Sumps: Insulation shall be feathered or tapered to provide a sump area a
minimum of 36" x 36" where possible at all drains. Taper insulation around roof drains so as to
provide proper slope for drainage. In areas where feathered or tapered insulation leaves
insulation core exposed, cover with an appropriate cover board or base sheet/cap sheet assembly
to provide a sound and smooth substrate surface.
3.5.8 Tapered Insulation: Place the constant thickness first layer and the tapered thickness
insulation to the required slope pattern in accordance with insulation manufacturer's instructions.
3.5.9 Mechanical Attachment: Follow insulation/cover board and fastener manufacturer‘s
recommendations for the appropriate fastener and plate type, size and length. Reference FM
approvals for fastening patterns that satisfy FM wind uplift requirements. Typical application is
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one fastener and plate per 2 square feet of insulation/cover board to be attached. Note: additional
fasteners are required in the corner and perimeter regions of the roof. Secure insulation/cover
board in accordance with approval requirements.
3.6 PRIMER APPLICATION
3.6.1 General:
3.6.1.1 Mix and apply two-component PMMA primer and epoxy primer in strict
accordance with written instructions of membrane manufacturer. Use only proprietary materials
supplied by the membrane manufacturer.
3.6.1.2 The substrate surface must be dry, with any remaining dust or loose particles
removed using clean, dry, oil-free compressed air, industrial vacuum, cloth wipe or a
combination of methods.
3.6.1.3 Do not install primer on any substrate containing newly applied and/or active
asphalt, coal-tar pitch, creosote or penta-based materials unless approved in writing by
membrane manufacturer. Some substrates may require additional preparation before applying
primer.
3.6.2 Mixing of Standard Two-Component PMMA Primers:
3.6.2.1 Premix primer thoroughly with a spiral agitator or stir stick. Add pre-measured
catalyst amount into mixed primer container and mix the components for approximately 2
minutes with a clean spiral agitator on slow speed or stir stick without creating any bubbles or
streaks. DO NOT AERATE. The primer solution should be a uniform color, with no light or dark
streaks present.
3.6.2.2 Do not thin primer. Determine required primer coverage for each substrate
material/condition and apply in strict accordance with written instructions of Membrane
Manufacturer.
3.6.2.3 Mix only that amount of primer that can be used within 15 minutes.
3.6.3 Mixing of Standard Two-Component Epoxy Primer:
3.6.3.1 Mix A and B components together with a spiral agitator or stir stick. Use slow
speed. DO NOT AERATE. The primer solution should be a uniform color, with no light or dark
streaks present.
3.6.3.2 Do not thin primer. Determine required primer coverage for each substrate
material/condition and apply in strict accordance with written instructions of membrane
manufacturer.
3.6.3.3 Mix only that amount of primer that can be used within 15 minutes.
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3.6.4 Application of Primers:
3.6.4.1 Apply PMMA primer at the minimum rate of approximately 0.037 kg/sf (0.4
kg/m2). Apply epoxy primer at the minimum rate of approximately 0.028 kg/sf (0.3 kg/m²)
3.6.4.2 Roll or brush the primer evenly onto the surface to fully saturate the substrate in
one application. Do not allow primer to pond or collect in low areas.
3.6.4.3 Apply primer only up to the edge of the membrane flashing terminations. Primer
application past the membrane terminations requires surfacing with an approved material.
3.6.4.4 For PMMA primer applications over cementitious substrates where protection
from substrate wetness is required, apply primer coat at a heavier application rate until pore
saturation is achieved.
3.6.4.5 For all primer applications, apply kiln-dried sand into the final coat the primer
while still wet at the rate of 30 lbs. per 100 square feet (1.5 kg/m²). Use quartz size # 0 (0.4 – 0.8
mm).
3.6.4.6 Allow standard PMMA primers to cure for a minimum of thirty (30) minutes
before membrane application. Allow epoxy-based quick-dry primers to cure for a minimum of
one (1) hour before membrane application. Membrane must be applied to primer only when
completely dry and without tack.
3.6.4.7 Premature exposure to moisture may require removal and application of new
primer. DO NOT apply new primer over exposed primer older than six (6) months, primer
prematurely exposed to moisture, or primer used as temporary waterproofing, unless approved in
writing by the membrane manufacturer.
3.6.5 Disposal of Primer:
3.6.5.1 Cured primer may be disposed of in standard landfills. This is accomplished by
thoroughly mixing with catalyst powder.
3.6.5.2 Uncured primer is considered a hazardous material and must be handled as such,
in accordance with local, state and federal regulation. Do not through uncured resin away.
3.7 LIQUID MEMBRANE APPLICATION
3.7.1 General:
3.7.1.1 Mix and apply cold fluid-applied reinforced low-odor PMMA waterproofing
membrane in strict accordance with written instructions of membrane manufacturer. Use only
proprietary membrane resins and materials, as supplied by the membrane manufacturer.
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3.7.1.2 The primed substrate surface shall be dry, with any remaining dust or loose
particles removed using clean, dry, oil-free compressed air, industrial vacuum, cloth-wipe or a
combination.
3.7.1.3 Two-part PMMA resins cure most quickly and completely when exposed to UV
light. For concealed and/or interior applications where exposure to natural UV light cannot be
obtained, exposure to a UV light source or a supplemental source of hot air blown over the
membrane surface will improve membrane cure.
3.7.1.4 Protect all areas where membrane was installed. Do not work off installed
membrane during application of remaining work before three (3) hours of curing. Movement of
materials and equipment across installed membrane is not acceptable. If movement is necessary,
provide complete protection of affected areas.
3.7.1.5 Closely follow the membrane manufacturer's recommendation for hot and cold
weather application. Monitor surface and ambient temperatures, including the effects of wind
chill.
3.7.2 Mixing of Resin:
3.7.2.1 Mix resin with a spiral agitator for a minimum of 2 minutes until the liquid has a
uniform color.
3.7.2.2 Add the pre-measured LO Catalyst Powder to resin and mix with the same
agitator for 2 minutes or until the powder is completely mixed. The catalyst is completely
dissolved when there are no white specs remaining.
3.7.3 Application of Resin/Fleece
3.7.3.1 Apply mixed resin to the prepared surface at the approximate rate of 0.19 kg/sf (2.0
kg/m2). The resin should be rolled or brushed liberally and evenly onto the surface using a
broad, even stroke. Cover one working area at a time, between 15 – 20 ft.2 (1.4 – 1.9 m2).
3.7.3.2 Roll out dry polyester fleece onto the liquid resin mix, making sure the SMOOTH
SIDE IS FACING UP (natural unrolling procedure), avoiding any folds and wrinkles. The fleece
will begin to rapidly saturate with the liquid resin mix. Use a medium nap roller or brush to
work the resin into the fleece, saturating from the bottom up, and eliminating air bubbles,
wrinkles, etc. The appearance of the saturated fleece should be light opaque amber with no white
spots. White spots are indications of unsaturated fleece or lack of adhesion. It is important to
correct these faults before the resin cures.
3.7.3.3 Apply additional liquid resin mix on top of fleece at the approximate rate of 0.12
kg/sf (1.3 kg/m2) to finish the saturation of the fleece. Roll this final coating into the fleece,
which will result in a glossy appearance. The fleece can only hold so much resin and all excess
should be rolled forward to the unsaturated fleece, eliminating ponding or excessive build-up of
the resin. Any excess resin left on the top of the fleece will weather and peel off. The correct
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amount of resin will leave no whiteness in fleece and there will be a slightly fibrous surface
texture. The final resin coating should be smooth and uniform.
3.7.3.4 Prevent contact between mixed/unmixed resin and new/existing membrane. If any
unmixed resin contacts membrane surface remove immediately and clean thoroughly with a cloth
rag.
3.7.3.5 At all fleece seams, allow a 2‖ (5 cm) overlap for all side joints and a 4‖ (10 cm)
overlap for all end joints.
3.7.3.6 At membrane tie-offs, clean in-place membrane with cleaner once resin has cured.
Allow cleaner to fully evaporate before application of new resin.
3.7.3.7 PMMA resin is alkalinity resistant. Additional bond/wearing layer consisting of one
application of PMMA on horizontal surfaces and one application of approved broadcast mineral
aggregate surfacing shall be applied wherever stone, concrete, or masonry elements will be
placed directly over the flashing.
3.7.4 Disposal of Resin:
3.7.4.1 Cured resin may be disposed of in standard landfills. This is accomplished by
thoroughly mixing resins with LO Catalyst Powder.
3.7.4.2 Uncured resin is considered a hazardous material and must be handled as such, in
accordance with local, state and federal regulation. Do not throw uncured resin away.
3.8 FLASHING APPLICATION
3.8.1 General:
3.8.1.1 Install cold fluid-applied reinforced low-odor PMMA waterproofing flashing
system in accordance with the requirements/recommendations of the membrane manufacturer
and as depicted on standard drawings and details. Provide system with base flashing, edge
flashing, penetration flashing, counter flashing, and all other flashings required for a complete
watertight system.
3.8.1.2 Wherever possible, install the flashings before installing the field membrane to
minimize foot traffic over newly installed field membrane.
3.8.1.3 All membrane flashings shall be installed concurrently with the waterproofing
membrane as the job progresses. Temporary flashings are not allowed without prior written
approval from the membrane manufacturer. Should any water penetrate the new waterproofing
membrane because of incomplete flashings, the affected area shall be removed and replaced at
the contractor's expense.
3.8.1.4 Provide a minimum vertical height of 8" for all flashing terminations. Flashing
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height shall be at least as high as the potential water level that could be reached as a result of a
deluging rain and/or poor slope. Do not flash over existing through-wall flashings, weep holes
and overflow scuppers.
3.8.1.5 All flashings shall be terminated as required by the membrane manufacturer.
3.8.1.6 PMMA Flash resin is alkalinity resistant. Additional bond/wearing layer
consisting of one application of PMMA Flash on vertical surfaces and one application of
approved broadcast mineral aggregate surfacing shall be applied wherever stone, concrete, or
masonry elements will be placed directly over the flashing.
3.8.2 Mixing of Resin:
3.8.2.1 Mix resin with a spiral agitator for a minimum of 2 minutes until the liquid has a
uniform color.
3.8.2.2 Add the pre-measured LO Catalyst Powder to resin and mix with the same
agitator for 2 minutes or until the powder is completely mixed. The catalyst is completely
dissolved when there are no white specs remaining.
3.8.3 Application of Resin/Fleece
3.8.3.1 Apply mixed resin to the prepared surface at the approximate rate of 0.19 kg/sf
(2.0 kg/m2). The resin should be rolled or brushed liberally and evenly onto the surface using a
broad, even stroke. Cover one working area at a time, between 2 – 5 ft.2 (0.19 – 0.46 m2).
3.8.3.2 Roll out dry polyester fleece onto the liquid resin mix, making sure the SMOOTH
SIDE IS FACING UP (natural unrolling procedure), avoiding any folds and wrinkles. The fleece
will begin to saturate rapidly with the liquid resin mix. Use a medium nap roller or brush to
work the resin into the fleece, saturating from the bottom up, ensuring that all angle changes
points are tight and not bridged and eliminating air bubbles, wrinkles, etc. The appearance of the
saturated fleece should be light opaque amber with no white spots. White spots are indications of
unsaturated fleece or lack of adhesion. It is important to correct these faults before the resin
cures.
3.8.3.3 Apply additional liquid resin mix on top of fleece at the approximate rate of 0.12
kg/sf (1.3 kg/m2) to finish the saturation of the fleece. Roll this final coating into the fleece,
which will result in a glossy appearance. The fleece can only hold so much resin and all excess
should be rolled forward to the unsaturated fleece, eliminating ponding or excessive build-up of
the resin. Any excess resin left on the top of the fleece will weather and peel off. The correct
amount of resin will leave no whiteness in fleece and there will be a slightly fibrous surface
texture. The final resin coating should be smooth and uniform.
3.8.3.4 Prevent contact between mixed/unmixed resin and new/existing membrane. If any
unmixed resin contacts membrane surface remove immediately and clean thoroughly with a cloth
rag.
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3.8.3.5 At all fleece seams, allow a 2‖ (5 cm) overlap for all side joints and a 4‖ (10 cm)
overlap for all inside and outside corner overlaps.
3.8.3.6 At membrane tie-offs, clean in-place membrane with Alsan RS Cleaner, or equal,
once resin has cured. Allow cleaner to evaporate fully before application of new resin.
3.8.4 Disposal of Resin:
3.8.4.1 Cured resin may be disposed of in standard landfills. This is accomplished by
thoroughly mixing resins with LO Catalyst Powder or equal.
3.8.4.2 Uncured resin is considered a hazardous material and must be handled as such, in
accordance with local, state and federal regulation. Do not throw uncured resin away.
3.8.5 Metal Flashing – General:
3.8.5.1 Metal flashings shall be fabricated in accordance with the current
recommendations of SMACNA and in accordance with standard drawings and project details.
3.8.5.2 Metal flashing flanges to which membrane is to be bonded shall be a minimum of
four (4) inches in width, and secured to the substrate six (6) inches on center staggered with
fasteners appropriate to the substrate type. The flanges shall be provided with a roughened
surface cleaned of all oil and other residue.
3.8.5.3 Metal edges that will be overlaid with membrane shall be provided with a 1/4‖
min. hemmed edge.
3.8.5.4 Apply primer, resin and fleece to metal flange, extending membrane to outside
face of metal edging, and to vertical face of metal base/curb flashing.
3.8.6 Membrane Flashing – General:
3.8.6.1 Membrane flashings shall be fabricated with primer appropriate for the substrate
surface, resin of the same base chemical type as the field membrane, and fleece of the same
weight as the field membrane unless specified otherwise.
3.8.6.2 Primer, resin, and fleece mixing and application methods as specified for field
membranes are also suitable for membrane flashing.
3.8.6.3 Fleece shall overlap 2‖ (5 cm) minimum for all joints. Fleece shall be cut neatly
to fit all flashing conditions without a buildup of multiple fleece layers. Work wet membrane
with a brush or roller to eliminate blisters, openings, or lifting at corners, junctions, and
transitions.
3.8.7 Pipes, Conduits, and Unusually Shaped Penetrations:
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3.8.7.1 Flash all penetrations using cold fluid-applied reinforced PMMA waterproofing
membrane. Flashing material shall be the same resin used in the field membrane with fleece
reinforcement.
3.8.7.2 Flashing is typically constructed as a two part assembly consisting of a vertical
wrap and a horizontal target patch. There must be a minimum of a two (2) inch (5 cm) overlap
between vertical and horizontal flashing components.
3.8.8 Drains and Scuppers:
3.8.8.1 Acceptable drain and scupper materials are cast iron, cast aluminum, and copper.
3.8.8.2 Connect new drains and scuppers to existing storm sewer system.
3.8.8.3 Alternatively, replace all broken or damaged parts of existing drains and scuppers,
or provide and install an acceptable insert.
3.8.8.4 Flash drains and scuppers using cold fluid-applied reinforced PMMA
waterproofing membrane. Flashing material shall be the same resin used in the field membrane
with fleece reinforcement.
3.8.8.5 Flashing material shall extend four (4) inches minimum onto drain, scupper, or
insert flange.
3.8.8.6 Install clamping ring if provided as part of the drain or scupper design. Install a
strainer basket to prevent debris from clogging the drainage line.
3.8.9 Hot Stacks:
3.8.9.1 Protect the membrane components from direct contact with steam or heat sources
when the in-service temperature exceeds 150 degrees F. In all such cases flash to an
intermediate "cool" sleeve.
3.8.9.2 Fabricate "cool" sleeve in the form of a metal cone using galvanized metal in
accordance with membrane manufacturer‘s details.
3.8.9.3 Flash all penetrations using cold fluid-applied reinforced PMMA waterproofing
membrane. Flashing material shall be the same resin used in the field membrane with fleece
reinforcement.
3.8.9.4 Flashing is typically constructed as a two-part assembly, consisting of a vertical
wrap and a horizontal target patch. There must be a minimum of a two (2) inch (5 cm) overlap
between vertical and horizontal flashing components.
3.8.10 Flexible Penetrations:
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3.8.10.1 Provide a weather tight gooseneck of round cross-section for each penetration or
group of penetrations. Set in water cut-off mastic and secure to the structural substrate.
3.8.10.2 Acceptable gooseneck material is copper, of a sheet weight appropriate for the
application.
3.8.10.3 Flash all penetrations using cold fluid-applied reinforced PMMA waterproofing
membrane. Flashing material shall be the same resin used in the field membrane with fleece
reinforcement.
3.8.10.4 Flashing is typically constructed as a two part assembly consisting of a vertical
wrap and a horizontal target patch. There must be a minimum of a two (2) inch (5 cm) overlap
between vertical and horizontal flashing components.
3.8.11 Walls, Curbs and Base Flashings:
3.8.11.1 Wall, curb and base flashings shall be installed to solid substrate surfaces only.
Adhering to gypsum-based panels, cementitious stucco, synthetic stucco, wood or metal siding,
and other similar materials is not acceptable.
3.8.11.2 Flash all walls, curbs and base flashings using cold fluid-applied reinforced
PMMA waterproofing membrane. Flashing material shall be the same resin used in the field
membrane with fleece reinforcement.
3.8.11.3 Reinforce all transition locations and other potential wear areas with a four (4)
inch wide polyester fleece bottom layer evenly positioned over the transition prior to installing
the exposed flashing layer.
3.8.11.4 Reinforce all inside and outside corners with a four (4) inch diameter conical
piece of fleece prior to installing the exposed flashing layer.
3.8.11.5 All pins, dowels and other fixation elements shall be flashed separately with a
vertical flashing component prior to installing the exposed flashing layer.
3.8.11. 6 Extend flashing a minimum of four (4) inches onto the field substrate surface.
3.8.12 Drip Edges and Gravel Stops:
3.8.12.1 Metal drip edges and gravel stops shall be installed to solid substrate surfaces
only. Securing to gypsum-based panels, cementitious stucco, synthetic stucco, wood or metal
siding or coping, and other similar materials are not acceptable.
3.8.12.2 Flash all drip edges and gravel stops by extending the field membrane all the
way to the edge of the exposed face prior to installing the metal edging. Strip in the metal flange
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with a separate 8 inch wide strip of membrane adhered to both the securement flange and to the
field membrane.
3.8.12.3 For conditions where water infiltration behind the exposed drip edge or gravel
stop face is possible, install a separate polyester fleece bottom layer positioned behind the face
area and extending a minimum of four (4) inches past the securement flange onto the field
substrate prior to installing the drip edge or gravel stop.
3.8.13 Field Fabricated Control or Expansion Joint Flashing:
3.8.13.1 Control or expansion joints in excess of two (2) inches in width require the use
of a separate engineered joint system.
3.8.13.2 Control or expansion joints two (2) inches or less in width may be flashed with
two layers of cold fluid-applied PMMA waterproofing membrane and a compressible foam or
rubber insert. Use polyester reinforcing fleece bottom and top layer.
3.8.13.3 Grind or otherwise bevel the inside edges of the joint opening to provide a
smooth transition edge for the fleece.
3.8.13.4 Flashing typically consists of polyester reinforcing fleece bottom layer looped
into the joint as a cradle, a compressible foam or rubber insert at 25% compression fitted into the
joint, and a polyester fleece top layer applied over the joint. Extend both fleece layers four (4)
inches minimum onto the field substrate on both sides of the joint.
3.8.13.5 Apply the field membrane over the entire joint area.
3.8.14 Electrical Conduit, Gas Lines and Lightning Protection
3.8.14.1 Supports for electrical conduit and gas lines greater than one (1) inch in diameter
require the use of a separate engineered support system.
3.8.14.2 Supports for electrical conduit and gas lines one (1) inch or less in diameter, and
bases for lightning protection rods and cable, can be adhered directly to the membrane surface
with two-component PMMA paste or a single-component, high quality polyurethane sealant
supplied by membrane manufacturer.
3.9 WEARING AND SURFACING
3.9.1 Aesthetic Color Finish Coating
3.9.1.1 Where specified, provide and install membrane manufacturer‘s approved two-
component PMMA-based color finish surfacing coating applied over clean, fully cured
membrane.
3.9.1.2 Premix finish resin thoroughly for approximately 2 minutes with a clean spiral
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agitator on slow speed, or stir stick, without creating any bubbles or streaks until material is
consistent in color.
3.9.1.3 Add the pre-measured Catalyst Powder to resin and mix with the same agitator for
2 minutes or until the powder is completely mixed. The catalyst is completely dissolved when
there are no white specs remaining.
3.9.1.4 Apply PMMA finish coating at a rate of approximately 0.028 kg/sf (0.3 kg/m2).
Product shall be applied with a lamb's wool roller to achieve a smooth and level surface. Avoid
any traffic for a minimum of one (1) hour to allow for surfacing to cure.
3.9.1.5 Optional Chips: Apply PMMA Finish coating at a rate of approximately 0.056
kg/sf (0.6 kg/m2). Product shall be applied with a lamb‘s wool roller to achieve a smooth and
level surface. Broadcast the specified Chips into the wet color finish by hand or hopper spray
gun at a minimum rate of 0.019 kg/sf (0.2 kg/m2). Allow to cure and sweep away excess chips.
Avoid any traffic for a minimum of one (1) hour to allow for surfacing to cure.
3.9.2 Aggregate Walkway Slip-Resistant Finish Surfacing
3.9.2.1 Where specified, provide and install membrane manufacturer‘s approved two-
component PMMA-based finish surfacing coating with slip-resistant aggregate additive applied
over clean, fully cured membrane. As necessary tape areas to receive surfacing.
3.9.2.2 Premix all resins thoroughly for approximately 2 minutes with a clean spiral
agitator on slow speed or stir stick without creating any bubbles or streaks until material is
consistent in color.
3.9.2.3 Add the pre-measured Catalyst Powder to resin and mix with the same agitator for
2 minutes or until the powder is completely mixed. The catalyst is completely dissolved when
there are no white specs remaining.
3.9.2.4 Apply PMMA finish resin at a minimum rate of approximately 0.065 kg/sf (0.7
2
kg/m ). Product shall be applied with a lamb‘s wool roller to achieve a smooth and level surface.
Broadcast optional kiln-dried sand or colored quartz aggregate surfacing at approximate rate of
0.46 kg/sf; 1.0 lbs/sf; (5.0 kg/m2)or as recommended by manufacturer into wet surface of coating
to provide slip-resistant protective surfacing.
3.9.2.4.1 Avoid any traffic for a minimum of two (2) hours to allow for surfacing to
cure and remove all excess quartz. Remove all excess and loose quartz surfacing using a broom,
vacuum and/or oil-free blower.
3.9.2.4.2 Seal natural quartz silica aggregate surfacing with an additional PMMA
finish pigmented coating application at a rate of approximately 0.065 kg/sf (0.7 kg/m2). Seal
colored quartz silica aggregate surfacing with an additional PMMA finish translucent coating
application at a rate of approximately 0.065 kg/sf (0.7 kg/m2).
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3.9.2.4.3 Products shall be applied with a rubber flat blade squeegee and lamb‘s wool
roller to achieve a uniform surface.
3.9.2.4.4 Avoid any traffic for a minimum of one (1) hour to allow for coating to
cure.
3.9.2.5 Optional Textured Surfacing: Apply PMMA textured finish at a minimum rate of
approximately 0.19 kg/sf (2.0 kg/m2). Avoid any traffic for a minimum of one (1) hour to allow
for coating to cure.
3.9.2.6 Optional Chips: Apply PMMA finish coating at a rate of approximately 0.056
kg/sf (0.6 kg/m2). Product shall be applied with a lamb‘s wool roller to achieve a smooth and
level surface. Broadcast the specified Chips into the wet color finish by hand or hopper spray
gun at a minimum rate of 0.019 kg/sf (0.2 kg/m2). Allow to cure and sweep away excess chips.
Avoid any traffic for a minimum of one (1) hour to allow for surfacing to cure.
3.9.3 Pavers (optional)
3.9.3.1 As an option to applying specified aggregate surfacing for walkable areas, install
concrete or specified pavers and pedestals (as required). Install a piece of modified membrane or
similar material under pavers or pedestals to protect the PMMA membrane. Pavers should be
spaced to allow for the passage of water. Consult manufacturer for requirements and layout.
3.10 TEMPORARY CLOSURES & WATERSTOPS
3.10.1 Contractor shall be responsible to ensure that moisture does not damage any
completed section of the new waterproofing system. Completion of flashings, terminations, and
temporary closures shall be completed as required to provide a watertight condition. All
temporary closures shall be made as recommended or required by the membrane manufacturer.
3.11 PROTECTION
3.11.1 Upon completion of waterproofing and flashings (including all associated work),
institute appropriate procedures for surveillance and protection of waterproofing during
remainder of construction period. Protect all areas where membrane was installed.
3.12 CLOSEOUT
3.12.1 Correction of Work:
3.12.1.1 Work that does not conform to specified requirements including tolerances,
slopes, and finishes shall be corrected and/or replaced. Any deficiencies of membrane
application, termination and/or protection as noted during the membrane manufacturer‘s
inspections shall be corrected and/or replaced at Contractor‘s expense.
3.12.2 Clean-Up:
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3.12.2.1 Site clean-up, including both interior and exterior building areas affected by
construction, shall be restored to preconstruction condition.
07 62 00 SHEET METAL FLASHINGS AND TRIM
1.1 DESCRIPTION
1.1.1 This section is intended to describe various sheet metal components and related items
used or required in connection with roofing repair/replacement. Extent of work and specific
requirements are described on the Drawings. Other items such as wood nailers and flashing
systems may be required as a part of the sheet metal flashings. The work includes all aspects of
installing sheet metal components.
1.2 SUBMITTALS: Refer to Section 01 33 00 above for General Submittal Requirements.
1.2.1 Submittals required after Project Award:
1.2.1.1 Manufacturer's product literature for sheet metal components.
1.2.1.2 Color samples where prefinished material is required by the Project.
1.2.1.3 Shop drawing: For any items specifically fabricated for the Project.
1.2.2 Submittals required during the execution of the Project.
1.2.2.1 None required.
1.2.3 Submittals required at the completion of the Project.
1.2.3.1 As-built records showing location of sheet metal items if applicable.
1.2.3.2 DD Form 1354 Real Property Checklist.
1.2.3.3 O&M manuals if any.
1.2.3.4. Warranty documentation if any.
1.3 PROJECT CONDITIONS
1.3.1 Coordinate work of this section with interfacing and adjoining work for proper
sequencing of each installation. Ensure best possible weather resistance and durability of work
and protection of materials and finishes.
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2.1 SHEET METAL FLASHING AND TRIM MATERIALS
2.1.1 Zinc-coated Steel: Commercial quality with 0.290 percent copper, ASTM A 526
except ASTM A 527 for lock-forming, G90 hot-dip galvanized, mill phosphatized where
indicated for painting; gauge as indicated.
2.1.2 Prefinished zinc coated steel: Commercial quality as per 2.1.1. with fluorocarbon
coating as follows:
2.1.2.1 Full strength fluorocarbon coating baked on for 15 minutes at 450 degrees F to a
dry film thickness of 1.0 mil.
2.1.2.2 30% reflective gloss (ASTM D 523).
2.1.2.3 0.3 mil baked-on epoxy primer.
2.1.3 Aluminum: ASTM B 209, alloy 3003, temper H14, AA-C22A41 clear anodized with
satin finish; 0.050 inch thick except as otherwise indicated.
2.2 FABRICATED UNITS
2.2.1 General Metal Fabrication: Shop-fabricate work to greatest extent possible. Comply
with details shown, and with applicable requirements of SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal
Manual and other recognized industry practices.
2.2.1.1 Fabricate for waterproof and weather-resistant performance; with expansion
provisions for running work, sufficient to prevent permanently leakage, damage or deterioration
of the work. Form work to fit substrates.
2.2.1.2 Comply with material manufacturer‘s instructions and recommendations for
forming material. Form exposed sheet metal work without excessive oil-canning, buckling and
tool marks, true to line and levels indicated, with exposed edges folded back to form hems.
2.2.2 Seams: Fabricate non-moving seams in sheet metal with flat-lock seams. For metal
other than aluminum, tin edges to be seamed, form seams, and solder. Form aluminum seams
with epoxy seam sealer; rivet joints for additional strength where required.
2.2.3 Expansion Provisions: Where lapped or bayonet-type expansion provisions in work
cannot be used, or would not be sufficiently water/weatherproof, form expansion joints of
intermeshing hooked flanges, not less than 1 inch deep, filled with mastic sealant (concealed
within joints).
2.2.4 Sealant Joints: Where movable, non-expansion joints are indicated or required for
proper performance of work, form metal to provide for proper installation of elastomeric sealant,
in compliance with SMACNA standards.
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2.2.5 Separations: Provide for separation of metal from incompatible metal or corrosive
substrates by coating concealed surfaces at locations of contact, with bituminous coating or other
permanent separation as recommended by manufacturer/fabricator.
3.1 INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS
3.1.1 General: Except as otherwise indicated, comply with manufacturer's installation
instructions and recommendations, and with SMACNA Architectural Sheet Metal Manual.
Anchor units of work securely in place by methods indicated, providing for thermal expansion of
metal units. Install work with laps, joints and seams which will be permanently watertight and
weatherproof.
3.1.2 Underlayment: Where stainless steel or aluminum is to be installed directly onto
cementitious or wood substrates, install a slip sheet of red rosin paper and a course of
polyethylene underlayment.
3.1.3 Bed flanges of work in a thick coat of bituminous roofing cement where required for
waterproof performance.
3.1.4 Install elastic flashing in accordance with manufacturer's recommendations. Where
required, provide for movement at joints by forming loops or bellows in width of flashing.
Locate cover or filler strips at joints to facilitate complete drainage of water from flashing. Seam
adjacent flashing sheets with adhesive, seal and anchor edges in accordance with manufacturer's
recommendations.
3.1.5 Nail flanges of expansion joint units to curb nailers, at maximum spacing of 6 inches on
center. Fabricate seams at joints between units with minimum 3 inch overlap, to form a
continuous, waterproof system.
3.1.6 Install continuous gutter guards at conductor heads, removable for cleaning
downspouts.
3.2. CLEANING AND PROTECTION
3.2.1 Clean exposed metal surfaces, removing substances which might cause corrosion of
metal or deterioration of finishes.
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07 70 00 ROOF AND WALL SPECIALTIES AND ACCESSORIES
07 71 00 Roof Specialties
07 71 13 Manufactured Copings
1.1 Provide coping using metal sheets( see SOW for type and thickness) 8 or 10 feet long joined
by a 3/4 inch locked and soldered seam. Terminate outer edges in edge strips. Install with
sealed lap joints, cover plate joints, or standing seam joints as indicated or required. Cover top of
wall with self- adhering modified bitumen underlayment prior to installing coping.
07 71 16 Manufactured Counterflashing Systems
1.1 Except where indicated or specified otherwise, insert counterflashing in reglets located from
9 to 10 inch above roof decks, extend down vertical surfaces over upturned vertical leg of base
flashings not less than 3 inch. Fold the exposed edges of counterflashings 1/2 inch.
1.2 Where stepped counterflashings are required, they may be installed in short lengths a
minimum 8 inch by 10 inch or may be of the preformed one-piece type. Provide end laps in
counterflashings not less than 3 inch and make it weather tight with plastic cement. Do not
make lengths of metal counterflashings exceed 10 feet.
1.3 Form the flashings to the required shapes before installation. Factory-form the corners not
less than 12 inch from the angle.
1.4 Secure the flashings in the reglets with lead wedges and space not more than 18 inch apart;
on chimneys and short runs, place wedges closer together. Fill caulked-type reglets or raked
joints which receive counterflashing with caulking compound after setting lead wedges 18‖ on
center.
1.5 Turn up the concealed edge of counterflashings built into masonry or concrete walls not less
than 1/4 inch and extend not less than 2 inch into the walls.
1.6 Install counterflashing to provide a spring action against base flashing. Where bituminous
base flashings are provided, extend down the counter flashing as close as practicable to the top of
the cant strip. Factory form counter flashing to provide spring action against the base flashing.
07 71 19 Manufactured Gravel Stops and Fascias
1.1 Gravel Stops and Fascias
1.1.1 Prefabricate in the shapes and sizes indicated and in lengths not less than 8 feet. Extend
flange at least 4 inch onto roofing. Provide prefabricated, mitered corners internal and external
corners. Install gravel stops and fascias after all plies of the roofing membrane are applied but
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before the flood coat of bitumen is applied. Prime roof flange of gravel stops and fascias on both
sides with an asphalt primer. After primer dries, set flange on roofing membrane and strip-in.
Nail flange securely to wood nailer with large-head, barbed-shank roofing nails 1.5 inch long
spaced not more than 3 inch on center, in two staggered rows.
1.2 Edge Strip
1.2.1 Hook the lower edge of fascias at least 3/4 inch over a continuous strip of the same
material bent outward at an angle not more than 45 degrees to form a drip. Nail hook strip to a
wood nailer at 6 inch maximum on center. Where fastening is made to concrete or masonry, use
screws spaced 12 inch on center driven in expansion shields set in the concrete or masonry.
Where horizontal wood nailers are slotted to provide for insulation venting, install strips to
prevent obstruction of vent slots. Where necessary, install strips over 1/16 inch thick compatible
spacer or washers.
1.3 Joints
1.3.1 Leave open the section ends of gravel stops and fascias 1/4 inch and backed with a
formed flashing plate, mechanically fastened in place and lapping each section end a minimum
of 4 inch set laps in plastic cement. Face nailing will not be permitted. Install prefabricated
aluminum gravel stops and fascias in accordance with the manufacturer's printed instructions and
details.
1.4 Metal Drip Edge
1.4.1 Provide a metal drip edge, designed to allow water run-off to drip free of underlying
construction, at eaves and rakes prior to the application of roofing shingles. Apply directly on
the wood deck at the eaves and over the underlay along the rakes. Extend back from the edge of
the deck not more than 3 inch and secure with compatible nails spaced not more than 10 inch on
center along upper edge.
07 71 23 Manufactured Gutters and Downspouts
1.1 The hung type and shape indicated in the TSOW. Supported on the underside by brackets
that permit free thermal movement of the gutter. Provide gutters in sizes indicated complete with
mitered corners, end caps, outlets, brackets, and other accessories necessary for installation.
Bead with hemmed edge or reinforce the outer edge of gutter with a stiffening bar not less than
3/4 by 3/16 inch of material compatible with gutter if installed in severe snow conditions.
Fabricate gutters in sections not less than 8 feet. Lap the sections a minimum of one inch in the
direction of flow or provide with concealed splice plate 6 inch minimum. Join the gutters, other
than aluminum, by riveted and soldered joints. Join aluminum gutters with riveted sealed joints.
Provide expansion-type slip joints midway between outlets. Install gutters below slope line of
the roof so that snow and ice can slide clear. Support gutters on adjustable hangers, spikes and
ferrules or sheet metal straps spaced not more than 30 inch on center or as indicated or required.
Adjust gutters to slope uniformly to outlets, with high points occurring midway between outlets.
Fabricate hangers and fastenings from metals.
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1.2 Space supports for downspouts according to the manufacturer's recommendation for the
substrate. Types, shapes and sizes are as indicated in the TSOW. Provide complete system
including elbows and offsets. Provide downspouts in approximately 10 foot lengths. Provide
end joints to telescope not less than 1/2 inch and lock longitudinal joints. Provide gutter outlets
with wire ball strainers for each outlet. Provide strainers to fit tightly into outlets and be of the
same material used for gutters. Keep downspouts not less than one inch away from walls.
Fasten to the walls at top, bottom, and at an intermediate point not to exceed 4 feet on center
with leader straps or concealed rack-and-pin type fasteners. Form straps and fasteners of metal
compatible with the downspouts.
1.3 Neatly fit downspouts into the drainage lines. Provide concrete transition collars if required.
Provide downspouts terminating in splash blocks with elbow-type fittings. Provide splash pans
as specified.
07 71 26 Reglets
1.1 Provide factory-fabricated caulked type or friction type reglets with a minimum opening of
1/4 inch and a depth of 1 1/4 inch, as approved.
1.2 Caulked Reglets
1.2.1 Provide with rounded edges and metal strap brackets or other anchors for securing to
the concrete forms. Provide reglets with a core to protect them from injury during the
installation. Provide built-up mitered corner pieces for internal and external angles. Wedge the
flashing in the reglets with lead wedges every 18 inch, caulked full and solid with an approved
compound.
1.3 Friction Reglets
1.3.1 Provide with flashing receiving slots not less than 5/8 inch deep, one inch jointing
tongues, and upper and lower anchoring flanges installed at 24 inch maximum snaplock receiver.
Insert the flashing the full depth of the slot and lock by indentations made with a dull-pointed
tool, wedges, and filled with a sealant. For friction reglets, install flashing snaplock receivers at
24 inch on center maximum. When the flashing is inserted the full depth, caulk the slot and lock.
07 71 29 Manufactured Roof Expansion Joints
1.1 Neoprene expansion joint system up to 4" wide as indicated on the drawings. Maintain a
bellows height of 3" minimum. General: Provide factory-fabricated expansion joint units of size
and profile indicated, complete with prefabricated corner units, intersection units and splicing
materials. Provide complete with elastic sheet flashing forming the primary joint membrane, in a
supported, "bellows" arrangement designed for securement to both sides of expansion joints.
Underside of bellows insulated with adhesively applied, flexible, closed-cell rubber or plastic not
less than 3/8 inch thick.
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1.2 Type: Metal flanged edges, 3 to 4 inches wide, formed to profiles as indicated to fit curbs,
and designed for nailing to curb substrate. Provide 24 ga. material, minimum.
1.3 Available Manufacturers: Subject to compliance with requirements, manufacturers offering
products which may be incorporated in the work include, but are not limited to, the following:
Afco Products, Inc.
Celotex Corporation/Roofing Products Division
BF Goodrich Construction Products
Manville/Roofing Systems Division.
Phoenix Building Products
York Manufacturing, Inc.
07 71 33 Manufactured Scuppers
1.1 Line interior of scupper openings with sheet metal. Extend the lining through and project
outside of the wall to form a drip on the bottom edge and form to return not less than one inch
against the face of the outside wall at the top and sides. Fold outside edges under 1/2 inch on all
sides. Provide the perimeter of the lining approximately 1/2 inch less than the perimeter of the
scupper. Join the top and sides of the lining on the roof deck side to a closure flange by a locked
and soldered joint. Join the bottom edge by a locked and soldered joint to the closure flange,
where required, form with a ridge to act as a gravel stop around the scupper inlet. Provide
surfaces to receive the scupper lining and coat with bituminous plastic cement.
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DIVISION 26 ELECTRICAL
26 30 00 FACILITY ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATING & STORING
EQUIPMENT
26 31 00 Photovoltaic Collectors
26 31 10 Photovoltaic Power System Roofing Panels
1.1 CONTRACTOR RESPONSIBILITY
1.1.2 The contractor is responsible for installing a system of thin-film Photovoltaic (PV)
system over the same areas of the roof where the PMMA roofing membrane has been installed.
See Appendix A specifications and drawings for further information on installation of PV power
system roofing panels.
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Attachment 1 Manufacturer’s Certification:
LICENSED APPLICATOR:
This is to advise you that (Roofing Contractor name and address)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
is a licensed/certified applicator of our roofing system and is capable of obtaining our labor and
material installation warranty.
PROJECT DOCUMENT REVIEW:
We have reviewed the project documents (general provisions, drawings and specifications) as
they relate to the roofing materials, flashings, and insulation for (Project Title and
Address)______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
and certify that the roofing system listed below and described in the attached product literature
meet the specifications for this project. We further understand that change orders to this contract
will be submitted for our review.
Roofing System
Descreption:___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
INSULATION COMPATIBILITY:
We further certify the insulations as specified or already installed are compatible with our
materials and would qualify for our best materials and labor warranty. We understand the
Contractor also accepts responsibility for identification of defects in failure of, or improper
application of, the roof insulation or any other underlying surface or material used as a base over
which the roof is applied, except the roof deck. Any defects noted will be repaired/replaced prior
to the installation of our roofing system.
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Manufacturer‘s Name_________________________________
Address_______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
Authorized Representative's Signature________________________________________
Name________________________________________________
(Print or Type)
Authorized Representative's Title___________________________
Date_____________________________
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Repair Roof Sections A & B – Arnold Hall
Project XQPZ 10-0502
FA8903-06-R-9991 R002
Appendix D, Attachment 3
Attachment 2 APPOINTMENT OF CONTRACTOR‘S QUALITY CONTROLLER
_____________________________________________(Name) is appointed as our roofing
Quality Controller (QC) with the authority to monitor the quality of the work to ensure it
conforms to the contract. The QC is authorized to order discontinuance of any operation causing
nonconforming work and have it replaced.
The QC is experienced in the supervision and inspection of the roofing system in this contract.
The QC understands all requirements of the drawings and specifications. The QC shall perform
the required testing and submit the results to the Contracting Officer for the project.
Name of Firm__________________________________________________________
Address______________________________________________________________
Telephone____________________________________________________________
Authorized Representative's Signature______________________________________
Printed or Typed Name__________________________________________________
Date________________________________________________
I acknowledge receipt of this letter.
Quality Controller's Signature_____________________________________________
Printed or Typed Name_____________________ Date______________
161
