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Livelihood Projects Proposals document sample
Document Sample
FAO experience with
Livelihood Approaches
Some examples
Development approaches -
Development fashions ?
1970
Technology transfer
Appropriate technology
Top-down Multi-sectoral
Integrated approach
Learning to listen
Area management & planning
Untied-aid
Participation in analysis
Sustainability
Build on strengths Collaborative partnerships
Micro-macro linked
Participation in decisions
Livelihoods perspective
Demand driven People centred
2003
(But first, some groundwork)
What are Livelihood Assets?
HUMAN
SOCIAL NATURAL
FINANCIAL
PHYSICAL
HUMAN, PHYSICAL, & SOCIAL ASSETS
GREATER SOCIAL ASSETS,
Working together
Livelihood assets
HUMAN
SOCIAL
NATURAL
FINANCIAL
PHYSICAL
SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOODS
ANALYTICAL FRAMEWORK
Livelihood assets
Transforming
H structures
IN ORDER TO ACHIEVE
Vulnerability and
S N Influences processes Livelihood
context Livelihood
& access ------- strategies
Outcomes
Processes
P F Institutions
Policies
PRINCIPLES OF THE SLA
• People-centred
• Responsive and participatory
• Multi-level [micro/ macro]
• Conducted in partnership
• Sustainable
• Dynamic
• Holistic in perspective
Important components
in Honduras project
• Technical hillside agro-forestry (training by
national teams)
• Reinforcement of adult and vocational education
• Community development organizations are
trained and manage actual activities
• Marketing
• Roads
• Health
• (reinforced by existing communal banks)
•The livelihoods project in HONDURAS, department of LEMPIRA
SUR, aimed to
•Improve food security through experiments with local farming
systems
•Incorporate women into the communal structures
•Promote community institutions
•Assist the developing network of communal “banks”
The “Black hole” of development
In Honduras :
85% of people in Lempira are below poverty line
“Food Security” included metal silos for
storing grains
And improved stoves on which to cook them
But the major question was food production
Lempira is a mountainous zone with poor soil, poor people, and
few roads.
85% of the population is below the poverty income level for
Honduras
• The traditional farming method has been “cut and burn”
• Good harvests of corn and beans for 2 years, but then
abandoned for 10 years to recover fertility
• Cut-and-burn works if there are few farmers
• Now there are too many farmers and too little land.
• The degraded hillsides erode in the tropical storms of the
rainy season
And it’s not only the crops and the soil fertility which are
lost….
A hillside farming improvement, the “Quezuangal” zero tillage approach,
gives three layers of protection to the soil:
• Debris placed on the ground
• The crops themselves (corn, beans, sorghum)
• the trees, source of wood, fruit, animal feeds, and soil consolidation
• Soil fertility and moisture retention increase.
• Drought resistance improves
• Fields can be used continuously, year after year
• Debris from clearing - and some growing trees – are
left on hillside during first rainy season
• Decaying debris provides for nutrients, water
retention, and erosion resistance.
• Corn (Maize) production increased from 0.9 tons/
manzana per year (cut and burn) to 2.0 tons per year
• Economic returns for each day of work are
significantly higher.
• 5000 small farmers have adopted these agro-forestry techniques
AGRICULTURA
• The department has become self-sufficient in grains, and an
EXPORTER to the rest of the country.
But success and sustainability of technical improvements was linked to
other critical factors, :
•Establishment and strengthening of Community Development Associations
(over 50 in the Department)
•Adult education
•Training for organisational development
•Training for vocational needs
•Locally-based financial services in the local “Community Banks”
•A local commitment to working together, within the villages and between
villages
•COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION
Training for organisational development
Training for adult education
Practicsing the lessons on real actions
El EJE DE LA INSTITUCIONALIZACIÓN ES LA FORMACIÓN HUMANA:
Educación Formal y Capacitación en Servicio
• The project itself often CATALYSED the first pilot
efforts at improvements in these areas
• Other agencies/ ministries with mandate for that
function then took over and expanded them
How “piloting” by the project works
YEAR 1 YEAR 2 YEAR 3
project Hillside farming Hillside farming Hillside farming
Project pilot Adult Education
Ministry Educ. Adult Education
Some additional project
accomplishments
• 10,000 locally made metal grain silos, each storing 500kg, to
stock grain surpluses safely at home
• 5000 graduates of adult education classes
• Reconstruction of secondary school education in Lempira
department
“THE MAP” Health
Community
“Banks” Community Benefit Education
Once this system is working well Other
Activities
programmes
projects &
Profit Ministries
generating
Each element
activities reinforcing other elements
Community
(for example - Local
Development
better hillside Governance
Association
farming)
Then “pump priming” by the PROJECT is no longer
needed Organisational
Vocational /
Technical Development Government’s
Training Training Regional
CDA Support Unit
Training provided by local trainers
catalyzed by project
Yemen
Community-Based Regional Development Project
• 1 - Aims to bring community (including their poor members)
into profitable development action through strong village-
based Community Development Associations
Some community
development
associations and their
meeting places
(women ARE
members, but are not
in the photos)
• (AIMS, continued)
• 2 - Help these Community Development Associations to build
active collaboration linkages with other projects and
institutions
• 3 - Assist the national government to set up systems for
expanding the approach
• 45% of the district’s population is below the poverty
line.
• Each Community Development Association has
identified their own community’s poor.
• The Community Development Association is
responsibile for decisions on training, education,
credits, and village development plan
• 80% of training funds attracted from other agencies
and programmes.
The same map, again
Health
Investment
Fund Community Education
(from project) Benefit
Activities Other
Community programmes
Loan Fund projects &
(revolving) Ministries
Profit Community
generating Development Local
Association Governance
activities
Vocational Organisational
Training Development Government’s
Training Regional
Training provided by local trainers CDA Support Unit
catalyzed by project pilot phase
• The approach is based on attention to ecological zones
• Support teams (partly trained by the project) provide assistance
and follow-up to proposals for credit and training
• Proposals accepted from CDO members as
– Groups of households
– Community benefit projects
– Individuals (reserved for women)
Some of the projects
Some of the Vocational training
• Average income of those who participated in
BOTH the training & loan programme
increased by 30%
• 55 Community Development Organisations
established/ strengthened
• Over 5000 people trained
• 9000 households have participated in credits
• Women are actively involved
• The Yemen programme is scheduled to be
going into Phase II, expanding to new
districts in the country
West Africa Sustainable Fisheries
Livelihood Programme (SFLP)
An FAO/ DFID programme serving 25 West
African countries
The SFLP is developing middle and community level “entry points’
for livelihood approaches in fisheries communities.
Entry Point pilot testing is now going in all 25 countries
Entry Point activities are actions which have been specifically
requested by the fishing community
Elmina Harbour, Ghana
Adult (and child) literacy programmes
Here is an entry point small project in a fishing
village in Congo
• improved practices for fish drying, to sell the
product for a better price
Each country has its own National
Coordinating Unit – composed of
representative stakeholders
The National Coordinating Unit
supports fishing communities in
identifying, planning, and
carrying out their projects
Some other themes of the 62 ongoing
“community projects” include
Improved marketing channels
Adult literacy training for
fishwomen
Near shore
Fisheries
Surveillance by
Small-open
boats with two-
way radios
Congo
• strengthening groups of Community Development
Committees in a single District
• The DFID-UK financed SFLP is now starting
to carry out a few livelihood development
projects at combined village/ district level, as
in Honduras and Yemen.
• Partnership with other development agencies
(especially those with strong technical
orientations) would allow more of these
district level projects to take place.
Coordinated livelihood projects DO seem
to work, and to work well, especially
• When they take into account the range
of different inputs and actions
necessary, and
• When they work with very poor people
