Get documents about "IV Information on Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs
Document Sample
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
IV. Information on Sexually-Transmitted Diseases (STDs)
In addition to direct markers of HIV infections in your community (HIV infections, AIDS
cases, living with HIV), STDs can be used as surrogate markers, indicating unprotected
sex in your planning area. Below, we present the highlights of the number of cases and
case rates for three reportable STDs, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. More detailed
data on these STDs can be found in the appendix tables.
Historically, chlamydia cases are higher in women due to targeting of resources; most of
the chlamydia screening funds come from the infertility project, which naturally targets
women of childbearing age. Other factors that affect the higher number of chlamydia
cases reported among women are that women routinely have gynecological visits and that
symptoms are more pronounced in women than in men.
Gonorrhea and syphilis cases are reported with equal vigor for both men and women.
However, syphilis cases have become less useful due to syphilis elimination efforts, with
the low number of cases making any useful conclusions difficult. With that caveat,
syphilis has recently shown an increase, primarily among M/MS in Texas, a trend which
is being monitored closely by state and local health authorities.
IV. STD Case Information 1
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates for Chlamydia,
Gonorrhea, and Syphilis in the Sherman-Denison Area.
• Of the STDs illustrated in Figure IV.1, chlamydia had the largest number of cases
reported, between 320 and 500 cases per year since 1999. Reported cases rose
from 1999 to 2001 and fell from 2001 to 2003.
• Gonorrhea cases remained constant at just under 200 cases reported each year
between 1999 and 2003 (Figure IV.1).
• Eleven or fewer primary, secondary and early latent syphilis cases were reported
each year from 1999 to 2003 in the Sherman-Denison area (Figure IV.1).
Figure IV.1. Number of STD cases reported by year of report for the Sherman-Denison
area.
600
500
400
Cases Reported
Chlamydia
300 Gonorrhea
Primary, Secondary, and Early Latent Syphilis
200
100
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year Reported
IV. STD Case Information 2
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
• Chlamydia case rates peaked in 2001 at 277 cases / 100,000 and fell to a low of
178 cases / 100,000 in 2003.
• The gonorrhea case rate was approximately 100 cases / 100,000 between 1999
and 2003 (Figure IV.2).
• Primary, secondary and early latent syphilis case rates were less than 7 cases /
100,000 (Figure IV.2).
Figure IV.2. STD case rate by year of report for the Sherman-Denison area.
300
Cases Reported / 100,000 People
250
200
Chlamydia
Gonorrhea
150 Primary, Secondary, and Early Latent Syphilis
100
50
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year Reported
Chlamydia cases account for the majority of STD infections reported since 1999
(Figure IV.1).
There were no significant differences in trends when looking at STD data when
comparing cases reported per year (Figure IV.1) and case rates per year of report
(Figure IV.2).
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates between Men and Women
for Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, and Syphilis
• The number of chlamydia cases reported were highest in women (Figure IV.3A),
between 280 and 450 cases reported, compared with just over 50 cases reported in
men. The number of cases reported in men was relatively constant in each year
examined, but there has been a general decline in cases reported in women since
2001.
IV. STD Case Information 3
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
• The number of gonorrhea cases reported in women was higher than men,
approximately 110 cases reported each year compared to 70 cases reported each
year in men between 1999 and 2003 (Figure IV.3B).
• Primary, secondary, and early latent cases reported per year were relatively
constant among men and women, less than 5 cases reported per year since 1999
(Figure IV.3C).
Figure IV.3. Number of STD cases reported by year of report for the Sherman-Denison
area, by sex.
500
A Chlamydia Men
Chlamydia Cases Reported
Chlamydia women
400
300
200
100
0
140 B Gonorrhea men
Gonorrhea Cases Reported
Gonorrhea women
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
C P, S, & EL Syphilis men
25
P, S, & EL Syphilis women
P, S, & EL Syphilis
20
Cases Reported
15
10
5
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year Reported
IV. STD Case Information 4
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
• Case rates for chlamydia were steady in men from 1999 to 2003, approximately
60 cases / 100,000 men (Figure IV.4A). Among women, the case rates rose from
1999 to 2001, and then fell to a low of 306 cases / 100,000 women in 2003.
• Case rates for gonorrhea declined slightly for both men and women (Figure
IV.4B). In women, rates declined from 125 cases / 100,000 in 1999 to 100 cases /
100,000 in 2003. In men, the case rates declined from 100 to 66 cases / 100,000
from 1999 to 2003, respectively.
• Syphilis case rates were similar in men and women, less than 7 cases / 100,000
each, each year (Figure IV.4C).
Figure IV.4. STD case rate by year of report for the Sherman-Denison area, by sex.
600
A Chlamydia men
Chlamydia Cases Reported /
Chlamydia women
500
100,000 People
400
300
200
100
0
B Gonorrhea men
Gonorrhea Cases Reported /
200
Gonorrhea women
100,000 People
150
100
50
0
25 C P, S, & EL Syphilis men
Reported / 100,000 People
P, S, & EL Syphilis women
P, S, & EL Syphilis Cases
20
15
10
5
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year Reported
IV. STD Case Information 5
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
There were no significant differences in the trends for STD cases reported (Figure
IV.3) and STD case rates (Figure IV.4) when stratifying cases between men and
women.
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates between Race and Ethnic
Categories for Chlamydia
• White women had the highest number of chlamydia cases reported from 1999 to
2003, between 150 and 200 cases reported each year (Figure IV.5B).
• African American women had the next highest number of reported chlamydia
cases, about 70 cases reported per year since 1999 (Figure IV.5B).
• Men in each of the three race or ethnic categories had less than 30 cases reported
each year (Figure IV.5A).
Figure IV.5. Number of chlamydia cases reported by year of report for the Sherman-
Denison area, by race or ethnic category and sex.
250
A Men Anglo/white B Women
Black
Hispanic
200
Chlamydia Cases Reported
Cases Reported
150
100
50
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of Report
IV. STD Case Information 6
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
• Black women have the highest reported case rate, declining from 1,600 cases /
100,000 in 2000 to 1,300 cases / 100,000 in 2003 (Figure IV.6B).
• Hispanic women had the next highest case rate, between 600 and 900 cases /
100,000 from 1999 to 2002 (Figure IV.6.B).
• Case rates for White women were relatively constant and below 260 cases /
100,000 each year (Figure IV.6B).
• In men, case rates were highest among Blacks, over 200 cases / 100,000 each year
(Figure IV.6A). White and Hispanic men had rates around 150 and 40 cases /
100,000 each year, respectively.
Figure IV.6. Chlamydia case rate by year of report for the Sherman-Denison area, by
race or ethnic category and sex
1800
A Men Anglo/white B Women
Black
1600 Hispanic
Chlamydia Cases Reported / 100,000 People
Cases Reported / 100,000 People
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of Report
The number of cases in each of the three race and ethnic categories was higher in
women than in men (Figures IV.5B and 6B).
Black men and women had the highest case rates among any race or ethnic group
examined, while the largest number of cases was in Whites (Figures IV.5 and 6).
Cases and case rates in men were lower than the lowest case rate for women
(Figure IV.6)
IV. STD Case Information 7
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates between Race and Ethnic
Categories for Gonorrhea
• White women had the highest number of gonorrhea cases reported among all race
and ethnic categories, between 36 and 66 cases reported each year (Figure IV.7B).
Black women had the next highest number of cases reported, approximately 40
cases per year. Fewer than 10 gonorrhea cases were reported in Hispanic women
each year.
• Among men, Blacks had the largest number of gonorrhea cases reported, between
24 and 60 reported from 1999 and 2003 (Figure IV.7A). White men had the next
highest case load, between 6 and 25 cases reported each year, followed by
Hispanic men with less than 10 cases reported each year.
Figure IV.7. Number of gonorrhea cases reported by year of report for the Sherman-
Denison Area, by race or ethnic category and sex.
Gonorrhea Cases Reported
IV. STD Case Information 8
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
• Blacks had the highest gonorrhea case rates between 1999 and 2003 (Figure
IV.8A and B). Among men, the rates varied from 400 to 1,000 cases / 100,000
men. In women, the rate was more consistent, approximately 700 to 800 cases /
100,000 women.
• White men and women had the next highest case rate (Figure IV.8A and B).
• Among both Hispanic men and women the rate was between 25 and 75 cases /
100,000 and 45-150 cases / 100,000 in women (Figure IV.8A and B).
Figure IV.8. Gonorrhea case rate by year of report for the Sherman-Denison area, by
race or ethnic category and sex.
1200
Anglo/white
Black
Gonorrhea Cases Reported / 100,000 People
Hispanic
1000
Cases Reported / 100,000 People
800
600
400
200
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of Report
Although White women had the highest number of cases among women, Black
women had the highest case rate (Figures 7 and 8).
Black men had the highest number of cases among men and Black men and
women had the highest case rates among all race or ethnic categories.
IV. STD Case Information 9
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates between Race and Ethnic
Categories for Syphilis
There were too few cases to evaluate syphilis cases broken down by race or ethnicity.
Detailed number of cases and case rates can be found in the appendix tables.
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates between Age Groups for
Chlamydia
• In both men and women, the 15 to 24 age group had the largest number of
chlamydia cases reported (Figure IV.11A and B). In men, there was a constant
number of cases reported between 1999 and 2003, between 25 and 40 cases. For
women, there was a slight increase in cases reported from 1999 to 2001, from 280
to 360 cases, respectively, followed by a decline to 240 cases reported in 2003.
• The only other age group with a significant number of cases reported was the 25
to 34 age group in women, with approximately 50 cases reported each year
(Figure IV.11B).
IV. STD Case Information 10
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
Figure IV.11. Number of chlamydia cases reported by year of report for the Sherman-
Denison area, by age and sex.
A Men Under 15 years old B Women Under 15 years old
Ages 15 to 24 Ages 15 to 24
400 Ages 25 to 34 Ages 25 to 34
300
200
Chlamydia Cases Reported
100
Cases Reported
0
C Men Ages 35 to 44 D Women Ages 35 to 44
Ages 45 to 54 Ages 45 to 54
400 Ages 55 to 64 Ages 55 to 64
Ages 65 and up Ages 65 and up
300
200
100
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of Report
IV. STD Case Information 11
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
• In both men and women, the 15 to 24 year old age group had the highest
chlamydia case rate (Figure IV.12A and B). In men, the rate declined from 315
cases / 100,000 in 2000 to 190 cases / 100,000 men in 2003. In women, the rate
increased from 2,200 cases / 100,000 in 1999 to approximately 3,000 cases /
100,000 in 2001. After 2001, the rate in women fell to 1,800 cases / 100,000 by
2003.
• The only other age group with a significant case rate was the 25 to 34 age group.
In women, this rate declined from 470 cases / 100,000 in 2000 to 350 cases /
100,000 women in 2003 (Figure IV.12A and B). In contrast, the chlamydia rate
increased in men during the same time period from 36 to 130 cases / 100,000.
IV. STD Case Information 12
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
Figure IV.12. Chlamydia case rate by year of report for the Sherman-Denison area, by
age and sex.
A Men Under 15 years old B Women Under 15 years old
Ages 15 to 24 Ages 15 to 24
Ages 25 to 34 Ages 25 to 34
3000
2000
Chlamydia Cases Reported / 100,000 People
Cases Reported / 100,000 People
1000
0
C Men Ages 35 to 44 D Women Ages 35 to 44
Ages 45 to 54 Ages 45 to 54
Ages 55 to 64 Ages 55 to 64
Ages 65 and up Ages 65 and up
3000
2000
1000
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of Report
IV. STD Case Information 13
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
There were no significant differences in trends between cases and case rates when
chlamydia cases are compared by age group (Figures IV.11 and IV.12).
Women had the largest number of cases and case rates compared to men in all age
groups examined.
The 15 to 24 year old age group had the largest number of cases and the highest
case rate in both men and women, followed by the 25 to 34 year old age group.
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates between Age Groups for
Gonorrhea
• In men and women, the 15 to 24 age group had the largest number of gonorrhea
cases reported (Figure IV.13A and B). In men, there was a decline in the number
of cases reported between 1999 and 2003, from approximately 60 to 30 cases.
For women, the number of cases reported from 1999 to 2003 was relatively
constant, between 74 and 94 cases reported each year.
• The age group with the next highest number of cases reported was the 25 to 34
age group (Figure IV.13A and B). In men, the number of cases reported
increased from 15 to 25 cases reported in 1999 and 2003, respectively. In
women, the number of cases reported each year varied from 9 to 22.
IV. STD Case Information 14
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
Figure IV.13. Number of gonorrhea cases reported by year of report for the Sherman-
Denison Area, by age and sex.
120 A Men Under 15 years old B Women Under 15 years old
Ages 15 to 24 Ages 15 to 24
Ages 25 to 34 Ages 25 to 34
100
80
60
40
Gonorrhea Cases Reported
20
Cases Reported
0
120 C Men Ages 35 to 44 D Women Ages 35 to 44
Ages 45 to 54 Ages 45 to 54
Ages 55 to 64 Ages 55 to 64
Ages 65 and up Ages 65 and up
100
80
60
40
20
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of Report
IV. STD Case Information 15
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
• In men and women, the 15 to 24 year old age group had the highest gonorrhea
case rate (Figure IV.14A and B). The case rate for men declined from 420 cases /
100,000 men in 1999 to approximately 220 cases / 100,000 in 2003. In women,
the case rate was between 600 and 770 cases / 100,000.
• The 25 to 34 year old age group had the next highest case rate among the age
groups examined (Figure IV.14A and B). In men, the case rate increased from
100 cases / 100,000 in 1999 to 200 cases / 100,000 in 2003. The case rate for
women varied between 90 and 210 cases / 100,000.
IV. STD Case Information 16
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
Figure IV.14. Gonorrhea case rate by year of report for the Sherman-Denison Area, by
age and sex.
A Men Under 15 years old B Women Under 15 years old
Ages 15 to 24 Ages 15 to 24
800 Ages 25 to 34 Ages 25 to 34
600
Gonorrhea Cases Reported / 100,000 People
400
Cases Reported / 100,000 People
200
0
C Men Ages 35 to 44 D Women Ages 35 to 44
Ages 45 to 54 Ages 45 to 54
800 Ages 55 to 64 Ages 55 to 64
Ages 65 and up Ages 65 and up
600
400
200
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003
Year of Report
IV. STD Case Information 17
Sherman-Denison Area Epidemiologic Profile, 2004-2005
There were no significant differences in the trends for gonorrhea cases reported
and case rates (Figures IV.13 and IV.14).
The 15 to 24 year old age group had the largest number of cases and highest case
rate among the age groups examined.
In the 15 to 24 year old age group, women had the largest number of gonorrhea
cases reported, and the highest case rate.
Comparison of Cases and Case Rates between Age Groups for
Syphilis
There were too few cases to evaluate syphilis cases broken down by age group. Detailed
number of cases and case rates can be found in the appendix tables.
IV. STD Case Information 18
