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A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE POTENTIAL BIODEGRADING ABILITY OF
Xylaria sp. ON NATURAL RUBBER, CHICKEN FEATHER, AND POLYSTYRENE
THROUGH SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY
Janine Erica Padilla Dayao
Mary Bernadette Vallesfin Egloso
Submitted to the
Department of Biology
College of Arts and Sciences
University of the Philippines Manila
Padre Faura St., Ermita, Manila
In partial fulfillment of the
For the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Biology
March 2009
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Dayao and Egloso, 2009
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Name: Mary Bernadette V. Egloso
Nickname: Addie, Madette
Birthday: June 20, 1988
Address: 135 Phase 4 Block 5 Lot 18, Our Lady of Lourdes Avenue., V&G
Subdivision, Tacloban City, Leyte
Telephone Number: (053) 327 – 3714
Mobile Number: 09153831788
E-mail Address: adelaide17madette@yahoo.com
Parents: Efren P. Egloso
Salve V. Egloso
Sibling: Mary Jeane V. Egloso
Educational Background:
Level School Years Attended Recognition
Pre-School United Church Family Life 1993 – 1996 Honor Student
Program Pre-Elementary School
Primary Sto. Niño SPED Center 1996 – 2001 Salutatorian
School
Secondary Philippine Science High School 2001 – 2005
School – Eastern Visayas Campus
College University of the Philippines 2005 – 2009 College Scholar
Manila
Organizations/Affiliations:
Member, UP Manila Chorale
Member, Youth for Christ, UP Manila Chapter
Member, UP Biological Sciences Society
Member, UP Manila Quod Erat Demonstrandum
Member, Biology Majors Association
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Dayao and Egloso, 2009
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA
Name: Janine Erica P. Dayao
Nickname: Jana
Birthday: October 4, 1988
Address:
Telephone Number:
Mobile Number:
E-mail Address: jana_erica99@yahoo.com
Parents:
Sibling:
Educational Background:
Level School Years Attended Recognition
Pre-School 1993 – 1996
Primary School 1996 – 2001
Secondary School 2001 – 2005
College 2005 – 2009
Organizations/Affiliations:
Member, UP Biological Sciences Society
Member, UP Manila Quod Erat Demonstrandum
Member, Biology Majors Association
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Dayao and Egloso, 2009
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
GOD:
Our Parents:
Asst. Prof. Anna Theresa Santiago:
Dr. Mary Ann Tavanlar:
Prof. Jay Dalet:
Prof. Kimberly Beltran:
Asst. Prof. Mark Romano:
UST and de La Salle Libraries:
Blockmates and Friends:
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Dayao and Egloso, 2009
ABSTRACT
The potential biodegrading ability of the Xylaria sp. strains on three pollutants, namely,
natural rubber, chicken feather and polystyrene were determined in terms of colonization. The
fungal strains namely the wild type, SDM (sterile dark mycelia) and the five mutant strains (PNL
114, PNL 116, PNL 118, E26 and E35) were cultured in a pH 5.0 mineral medium with 0.5%
glucose as carbon source, while the 3 pollutant substrates as co-carbon source, and stored at
250C. The initial weights of the pollutants were measured before inoculation. After 50 days of
incubation, the pollutants were removed from the medium and weights were again measured to
determine percent weight loss, a method that would measure utilization of the pollutant samples.
But instead of constant weight loss, weight gains resulted, which could be attributed to the
adherence and penetration of mycelia of the Xylaria sp. strains in the three pollutant substrates.
Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed colonization of Xylaria sp. strain on natural
rubber, chicken feather and polystyrene. Generally, the black strains, namely the SDM wild type,
E26 and E35, have been observed to possess a higher potential to biodegrade natural rubber,
chicken feather and polystyrene than the albino mutants PNL 114, 116 and 118. Among the
black variant strains, E26 is the best colonizer for natural rubber, whereas the albino mutants also
showed potential ability to biodegrade this substrate. On the other hand, the three black strains,
SDM wild type, E26 and E35, were comparably the better colonizers for polystyrene than the
albino mutants, but nonetheless they also showed potential ability to biodegrade this substrate.
Lastly, no significant changes occurred to the chicken feather samples due to the short incubation
period. However, SDM and E35 black strains have shown to colonize chicken feather.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE…………….………………………………………………………………… i
BIOGRAPHICAL DATA………………………………………………………………… ii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………………………… iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS………………………………………………….………………. vi
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………….. vii
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………………………………… viii
LIST OF APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………….. ix
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………………. x
INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………………... 1
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE………………………………………………………
MATERIALS AND METHODS……………………………………………………………….
RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………………….
DISCUSSION…………………………………………………………………………………...
CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………………….…………
RECOMMNEDATIONS……………………………………………………………………….
LITERATURE CITED………………………………………………………………………….
APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………………………...
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Dayao and Egloso, 2009
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. Scheme for Polymer Biodegradation………………………………………………………..
2. Natural rubber is a polymer called polyisoprene…………………………….………....……
3. Gallus sp. is the source of feathers for the current study……………....……………………
4. Polystyrene…………………………………………………………………………………..
5. Growth of Xylaria sp. in mineral medium with 0.5% glucose and natural rubber…………..
6. SEM of the non-inoculated natural rubber control without the fungus……………………...
7. SEM of natural rubber surface colonized by the SDM or wild type strain
after 50 days of incubation………………………………………………………………...
8. SEM of natural rubber surface colonized by the PNL 114 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation………………………………………………………………...
9. SEM of natural rubber surface colonized by the PNL 116 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation………………………………………………………………..
10. SEM of natural rubber surface colonized by the PNL 118 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………….
11. SEM of natural rubber surface colonized by the E26 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………….
12. SEM of natural rubber surface colonized by the E35 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………….
13. Growth of Xylaria sp. in mineral medium with 0.5% glucose and chicken feather……….
14. SEM of non-inoculated chicken feather control without the fungus………………………
15. SEM of chicken feather colonized by the SDM wild type strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………….
16. SEM of chicken feather colonized by the PNL 114 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………….
A Preliminary Study on the Potential……..viii
Dayao and Egloso, 2009
17. SEM of chicken feather colonized by the PNL 116 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………….
18. SEM of chicken feather colonized by the PNL 118 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………...
19. SEM of chicken feather colonized by the E26 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………...
20. SEM of chicken feather colonized by the E35 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………...
21. Growth of Xylaria sp. in mineral medium with 0.5% glucose and polystyrene………….
22. SEM of non-inoculated control sample…………………………………………………..
23. SEM of polystyrene surface colonized by the SDM wild type strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………..
24. SEM of polystyrene surface colonized by the PNL 114 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………..
25. SEM of polystyrene surface colonized by the PNL 116 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………..
26. SEM of polystyrene surface colonized by the PNL 118 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………..
27. SEM of polystyrene surface colonized by the E26 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………..
28. SEM of polystyrene surface colonized by the E35 mutant strain
after 50 days of incubation……………………………………………………………..
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Dayao and Egloso, 2009
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. Comparative growth of the PNL mutants and wildtype SDM on MMG
and mineral medium with various supplements. …………………………………….…
2. Growth of the four albino mutants on mineral medium with and without
supplements as compared to the wildtype SDM………………………………...…..……
3. Growth of the two black mutants on mineral medium with supplements
MDPE and PEG……………………………………………………………..….………
4. Table of the Macroscopic/Physical and Microscopic Observations of the Xylaria sp.
Mutant Strains and Wild Type on Colonized Natural Rubber after 50 days of
Incubation…………………………………………………………………….………..
5. Table of the Macroscopic/Physical and Microscopic Observations of the Xylaria sp.
Mutant Strains and Wild Type on Colonized Chicken Feather after 50 days of
Incubation…………………………………………………………………….………..
6. Table of the Macroscopic/Physical and Microscopic Observations of the Xylaria sp.
Mutant Strains and Wild Type on Colonized Polystyrene after 50 days of
Incubation…………………………………………………………………….………..
Shared by: Mary Bernadette Vallesfin Egloso
Mary Bernadette Vallesfin Egloso
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About
My friends call me Addie. I want to become a doctor someday and serve my countrymen after studying medicine in the Philippines. I also want to become a sophisticated investor and business owner someday. I truly believe in what Rob
(More...)ert Kiyosaki said in his books. It is very important to keep on improving oneself, as we live in this dynamic and competitive world. I love swimming and singing.
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