Get documents about "Rest.X66.P01
Shared by: wanghonghx
-
Stats
- views:
- 93
- posted:
- 6/24/2011
- language:
- English
- pages:
- 53
Document Sample
by Dan Vigin
Annual Convention 2008
Cancun Mexico
Part 1 1
TABLE OF CONTENTS Restoring Hammond X-66
Table of Contents.
Description Nbr of Slides Level
Part One.
- Introduction 6 -
- Power Supply Unit 5 *
- Keyboards 12 ****
- Pedal Keyboard 6 **
- Expression Pedal 3 **
- Drawbars 6 ***
- Outlets panel 5 **
- Mechanical works 4 ***
Part 1 2
TABLE OF CONTENTS Restoring Hammond X-66
Table of Contents.
Description Nbr of Slides Level
Part Two.
- Scanners 13 ****
- Reverb 2 *
- Arpeggiator 6 *****
- Tab Controls 3 ***
- Tibia Flute Filters 2 *
- Preamps 8 ***
- TWG / Dividers 7 ***
- Special Effects 4 **
- Sforzando 6 ***
- Percussion Keyers 3 **
Part 1 3
TABLE OF CONTENTS Restoring Hammond X-66
Table of Contents.
Description Nbr of Slides Level
Part Three.
- Tone Cabinet TC 12-77 7 ***
- Addons: X-Tal Generator 5 ***
- Addons: Stand-by PSU 3 *
- Addons: Leslie Preamp 4 ***
- Addons: Leslie Motor Contr. 4 ***
- Addons: Midi on Upper Kbd
Part 1 4
INTRODUCTION Restoring Hammond X-66
DISCLAIMER
This information is for educational purposes only and no claims are made that this information will lead to
any successful repair or the like.
Dan.Vigin assumes no reponsibility to its use.
Part 1 5
INTRODUCTION Restoring Hammond X-66
The story began in an antique shop at Ostende in April ‘07.
Only three X-66’s were sold in Belgium. Two of them disappeared in the
nature, the last one was there.
The X-66 was standing in the back store, dusty, simply awful and totally
dead.
Even so, after strong negociations on price with the vendor, I bought it for an
acceptable price.
That was seen from the outside.
Part 1 6
INTRODUCTION Restoring Hammond X-66
The inside was even worst.
Additional circuits to drive external synthesizer were integrated in the upper
keyboard. Midi was not yet born at that time.
The output preamp PCB needed for the Leslie was just fixed with foam !
Unbelievable.
The switching relay for Leslie motor speed was left hanging nearby the supply
panel without any safety precaution. Incredible !
Part 1 7
INTRODUCTION Restoring Hammond X-66
Those addon’s were really poorly mounted by unqualified technician.
In addtion to that, the Tone Cabinet
was also totally inoperative.
All five built-in power amplifiers were burnt, dead. A dedicated chapter is
dedicated to TC-1277 in Part 3.
Four missing contacts on pedal keyboard.
Fortunately, beside some heavy scratches on the cabinet and faulty connecting
cable, the Leslie 145 delivered with was still in quite acceptable conditions.
Part 1 8
INTRODUCTION Restoring Hammond X-66
HOW TO START RESTORING NOW ?
1. The first phase of operation was to remove all that junk: useless circuits, relays, associated cabling, etc..
and to put back the X-66 in its original state as ‘freshly’ delivered from factory.
This includes the cosmetic aspect as well.
2. Then after achieving that, the next step is to switch ON the console and try to establish a diagnostic of
all the problems encountered and there are…
3. Afterwards, after having restored both X-66 console and Tone Cabinet, it is now possible to
« improve and personalize » some parts, adding Leslie preamps and motor controls circuits, X-Tal
generator, Midi, etc…
Part 1 9
INTRODUCTION Restoring Hammond X-66
WHERE TO START RESTORING NOW ?
The sequence to start ‘refurbishing’ is not relevant since in this case, almost every section has to be
carefully cleaned, rebuilt, controlled and properly re-installed.
If one wants to get some sound out of an organ, it’s always better to rely on a working audio system
behind it.
That’s why, I started by this part which seemed the simplest one to my opinion. TC-1277 will be covered
in Part 3.
Part 1 10
POWER SUPPLY Restoring Hammond X-66
REBUILDING THE POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Feeding all circuits with the adequate resources (i.e. correct voltages while supplying the needed currents) is basic
and self-evident. That’s the function of the PSU.
Technically spoken, this part is rather elementary.
The weakest components are the filter capacitors.
After more than 40 years, those ‘ Elco’s ‘ become dry, leaky, out of specs… I even found one elco that was
totally ‘opened’, that means totally useless !
Part 1 11
POWER SUPPLY Restoring Hammond X-66
REBUILDING THE POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Throw all those caps out and replace by new filter caps providing so a better long term stability.
Power resistors installed outside the PSU need some attention too. Values have to be checked and replaced if
needed.
Take this opportunity to also check the rectifier
diodes. Forward resistance should be similar, if not
replace them as well.
Rescrew thoroughly all GND points.
Very important !
Part 1 12
POWER SUPPLY Restoring Hammond X-66
REBUILDING THE POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Safety: the way the Hammond’s and Leslie’s were manufactured in the 60’s was not at all in line with the safety
regulations, at least for the European market. In combination with the output panel, all safety improvements
were implemented to comply with EU Class I safety regulations. Important !
Attached picture exhibits the PSU with new filter caps
(for PCB mounting) installed on a bakelite panel since
original filter caps are no more available.
Part 1 13
POWER SUPPLY Restoring Hammond X-66
REBUILDING THE POWER SUPPLY UNIT
After crosscheck with the schematic diagram, connect the PSU via a variable auto-transformer.
Slowly increase the voltage and monitor the current. When the nominal AC mains voltage is reached, let it like
warm up for several hours, the time needed to ‘reformat’ the new Elco’s.
VARIAC
-135V
+28V
+3V
-12V
L -5V
230V ac Am +12V
+250V
OUT X-66 Power
N GND
Vm 0 ~ 260 Vac Supply Unit *
* Resistor panel included.
Part 1 14
POWER SUPPLY Restoring Hammond X-66
REBUILDING THE POWER SUPPLY UNIT
Everything looks fine now.
Check all the DC output voltages at the PSU voltage receptacle and resistor panel.
Measurements will indicate values slightly higher
than when under operation.
Quite normal, don’t worry about that now.
PSU is now completed and ready for use.
Part 1 15
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING THE KEYBOARDS
Keyboards are the interfaces between the core of the instrument and the player. We are permanently touching
those parts with hands, that's why keyboards must be as perfect as possible.
Before After
Part 1 16
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING THE KEYBOARDS
Keyboards must be attractive : I mean by that: pleasing and identical pressure on all keys, well damped, noise-
free when releasing, perfect alignments, no lateral slack generating 'clicks' side noise on gliding, identical contacts
activation and of course perfectly cleaned, free of scratches, 'super-polished up' keys.
‚Everything to render the organist envious to touch
keyboards sit down on the bench and start playing.
Evidently, this elementary principle is not peculiar to X-
66 consoles but applicable as well to most of keyboards
instruments‛.
Part 1 17
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
DISMOUNTING KEYBOARDS & CLEANING
All the keys can be easily dismounted and should be numbered. Keys can be easily scratched with the springs.
After removal, it’s now great time to remove dust and various foreign objects with vacuum cleaner and start
cleaning with alcohol, spray’s …
BEFORE AFTER
Part 1 18
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
REPAIRING BROKEN KEYS
Many black and white keys were found broken on my X-66.
Evidently, the simplest way is to replace them by new ones if you
can still find them.
Mechanically, it’s certainly the best way to go but the shades of
white keys will not match anymore !
So, whenever possible, try to fix and re-use the original keys, at least
for the white ones.
Part 1 19
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
REPAIRING BROKEN KEYS
Most of the time, the rear plastic holder is broken.
Re-glue it with cyanolit glue in its initial position.
Each fixation screw is equipped with a crimped lockwasher that
has to be removed (not so easy without damaging threats).
Grease both screws and gently rescrew them.
By doing so, the threat has gained about 2 mm in length in the non-broken part of the holder which is sufficient
to restore the mechanical fixation. Afterwards, for better reinforcing purpose, epoxy glue can be applied on the
rear side.
Part 1 20
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
CRADLE ADJUSTMENT
With aging, the tension spring was too weak and had insufficient pressure to bring the rod back in its correct
position. Preset keys were inoperative.
Small hole
Coil spring
A small hole was drilled in the stop felt bracket and coil spring installed. Easy and effective !
Part 1 21
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
CONTACTS & BUSBARS CLEANING
This section only pertains to the Upper keyboard.
This operation requires a certain skill and ….a lot of patience.
Firstly, unscrew the fasteners located at the
rear side of the keyboard and disengage the
whole row of keying modules as shown on
picture.
Part 1 22
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
CONTACTS & BUSBARS CLEANING
Start by removing the Presets busbars and clean carefully each busbar with alcohol. Presets
contacts are so rendered free.
First cleaning with air-pressure (6 bars) of each
keying module in order to remove dust and others.
Afterwards, clean with alcohol each contact and
visually check them with a small mirror.
Busbar anchor block
Part 1 23
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
CONTACTS & BUSBARS CLEANING
Contacts of eack keying module have to be cleaned one
by one exactly at that level.
This operation takes a lot of time and is rather delicate
but there is no other way.
Patience is a must and perfect lighting is required.
No rush, take it easy….
Keying module
Part 1 24
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
CONTACTS & BUSBARS CLEANING
When Presets contacts are done, it's time now to clean
the keys-contacts.
There is no other alternative than cutting the wires
connecting each busbar. Otherwise, it's impossible to
remove the busbars out of the console.
Be sure to take note of the initial position of each lead
and busbar !
Cut buss bars wires at that level.
Similarly to Presets contacts, start by cleaning each busbar and contacts as done for the Presets ones.
Part 1 25
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
CONTACTS & BUSBARS CLEANING
When completed re-install all busbars in their original position. This operation is not easy specially for the first ones.
Be careful, you have no right to mistake for this operation !
Re-solder each busbar lead and don't forget to isolate them with schrink tubes.
The last action consists in re-installing the whole row of contacts in its initial position. Not easy at all. If you can be
helped by two additional hands, don't hesitate to claim for help, you will save a lot of time (it took me half-a-day just
to do this).
Now, when all contacts are correctly re-positioned, start re-inserting each key as originally. Upper
Keyboard is now completed
Part 1 26
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
CONTACTS & BUSBARS CLEANING
The Lower keyboard is less accessible than the upper one and entails huge dismounting.
So, I decided not to do it and find another way.
Based on B3's maintenance tips, bus anchor block located at
both ends of the keyboard were unscrewed.
Then gently move back and forth those buss anchor block
while depressing the keys at the same time, it is also possible to
get 'some ways' of refinding good contacts.
Upper and Lower keyboards are now completed.
Part 1 27
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
RE-INSTALLING KEYS
To eliminate the lateral slack of keys, here again, the easiest way is to replace all the old key-combs by new ones.
After several decades of operation, the paddings maintaining the keys in correct position are somewhat worn out and
keys become 'clanky'.
A special small vice system has been handcrafted. (refer to
Annex_1 for details).
The idea is to flatten out the rivet fixing the padding.
By doing so, the padding enlarges by about 0.5 mm on both
sides eliminating so this unpleasant lateral slack.
KEYBOARDS Restoring Hammond X-66
RE-INSTALLING KEYS
If the adjacent rivets are also tightened, lateral slack on the entire keyboard entirely disappears. Again it takes time but
the improvement involved is really noticeable. If tightening of paddings is exagerated, it is easy to reduce the excess
with a sandpaper lime.
Before re-positioning each key, check the angle of
the small clamp activating the contact bracket on
each key module. This clamp should have the
same angle. A dot of white grease is put on this
portion of the clamp pushing the contact bracket.
PEDAL KEYBOARD Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING PEDAL KEYBOARD
Pedal board was also in poor conditions and needed some actions. It is composed of two major elements:
Pedal switch assembly, integral part of the
console. Pedal keyboard, removable.
Before
Part 1 30
PEDAL KEYBOARD Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING PEDAL KEYBOARD
1. Pedal switch assembly was in need of serious repairs.
Pedal strip had to be removed from the console. Several
switches were missing ! and no more foundable. By
chance, I found switches of Hammond R-100 series that
are compatible with some minor adaptations.
All switches were dismounted, cleaned, realigned. The metal strip repainted and adequate insulation material re-
installed. Beside finding the switches, no major problem.
Part 1 31
PEDAL KEYBOARD Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING PEDAL KEYBOARD
2. Pedal board was in an horrible state and had to be totally dismounted, each wooden part sanded, re-painting. Rust
of springs removed with sanding machine. Mostly, wooden and mechanical works. Nothing really exciting indeed!
Pedal frame
Repainting pedal keys
Part 1 32
PEDAL KEYBOARD Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING PEDAL KEYBOARD
2. Pedal board - Felt pads
Since the pedal keyboard is dismounted, it’s a good practice
to remove the original felt strips, clean and replace them in
the opposite way (flip vertical in computer jargon).
Original felt pads avoiding lateral slacks of pedal keys were replaced by new ones (a must).
Part 1 33
PEDAL KEYBOARD Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING PEDAL KEYBOARD
Re-adjustment of tension springs is compulsory.
Re-install all pedal keys in their initial position and screw down with
Locking a locking ratchet to a position that pedal key stays « in balance »
ratchet between the rest position and the upper one.
At that moment, make a CW (*)rotation by one turn to restore
appropriate tension.
One turn
clockwise
3/4 turn will provide less tension while 11/2 turn will increase the
tension. It’s important to align all tension springs by the same
amount.
* Clockwise rotation
After
Part 1 34
PEDAL KEYBOARD Restoring Hammond X-66
RENOVATING PEDAL KEYBOARD
Pedal board - Final
All pedal switches are tested and resoldered as Pedal keyboard completed and ready for use
original.
Part 1 35
EXPRESSION PEDAL Restoring Hammond X-66
EXPRESSION PEDAL
Beside ‘grand’ cleaning, some improvements can be implemented on the expression pedal.
This part can be removed quite easily from the console.
Firstly, unscrew (2) and remove the photo
cell adapter from the assembly and open it.
Remove dust, foreign debris and start
cleaning.
Part 1 36
EXPRESSION PEDAL Restoring Hammond X-66
EXPRESSION PEDAL
Replace the light bulb.
Use alcohol-soaked cotton buds to clean the photo cells
thoroughly.
Then, it’s a good opportunity to check each of the four
photocells with ohmeter.
In dark condition, the resistance should be in the range of 4.0 MΩ to 4.5 MΩ.
In full lighting condition, the resistance value should drop in the range of 200 Ω to 400 Ω.
Part 1 37
EXPRESSION PEDAL Restoring Hammond X-66
EXPRESSION PEDAL: Leslie motor speed control.
When playing, it’s more convenient to control Leslie
motor speed with the right foot than using the original
Leslie half-moon switches.
One micro-switch has been installed on a metal square
just to provide a short ‘pulse’ needed to reverse the
motor speed.
Rear view Full details of this control circuit will be provided in
Part 3.
This completes the expression pedal section.
Front view
Part 1 38
DRAWBARS Restoring Hammond X-66
DRAWBARS Maintenance.
Basically, X-66 drawbars are identical to other Hammond’ series. Nothing specific but some maintenance was
needed since moisture, dust, oxydation… are really harmful to proper drawbars operation.
Before Before
Part 1 39
DRAWBARS Restoring Hammond X-66
DRAWBARS Maintenance.
To attain the drawbars, the tab control panel has to be removed (7 ) and flipped vertically in order to get
proper access to the drawbars blocks.
When laid down on the bench, then you realize the importance of removing all foreign debris, excesses of
grease, oxydation, accumulation of dust.. Dismount and clean up with alcohol.
During cleaning After cleaning
Part 1 40
DRAWBARS Restoring Hammond X-66
DRAWBARS Maintenance.
Check for correct operation and 'feeling'. If needed, slightly bend the contact spring to
render the proper excursion.
Before remounting the drawbars, you like to see all the drawbar knobs in perfect horizontal alignment, then
it's the right time also to check if all brass guide rods are straight.
Fixation Graduation
Bakelite
screw slide bar
Brass guide rod insulator
Soldering
point
Thrust
Resistor Nylon retainer
Spring contact
Engraved Fixation screw with
knob nylon washer
Bus bars Plastic enclosure
Cut of Drawbar
Part 1 41
DRAWBARS Restoring Hammond X-66
DRAWBARS Maintenance.
Generally, a little curve is noticed at the level of the thrust. When completed, it is now time to grease again.
One dot of grease is applied on each bus bar where the contacts are touching.
In this case, special lubricant (*) was used but pure vaseline would do also the job.
Lubricant
Fixation Graduation
Bakelite
screw slide bar
Brass guide rod insulator
Soldering
point
Thrust
Resistor Nylon retainer
Spring contact
Engraved Fixation screw with
knob nylon washer
Bus bars Plastic enclosure
Cut of Drawbar
(*) Tunerlub – Cat.26-01 – HF Lubricant made by GC Electronics (USA).
Part 1 42
DRAWBARS Restoring Hammond X-66
DRAWBARS Maintenance.
Soldering flow up to there Some tips to re-solder drawbars leads.
Adequate soldering flow
- cut the end of the lead, strip it by about
Multi-wires 10mm, twist the wires and solder it
conductor
vertically.
Correct soldering PVC Sheath - by doing so the solder will flow inside the
sheath and will so reinforce greatly the
Insufficient Lead breakage will take whole mechanical strength.
soldering place exactly here. PVC Sheath
flow
Multi-wires
conductor
Incorrect soldering
The ultimate in luxury is to insert thermo-shrink tube.
Part 1 43
DRAWBARS Restoring Hammond X-66
DRAWBARS Maintenance.
After cleaning
After re-installation
Re-install the drawbars blocks as original, re-solder the leads, confirm proper operation and feeling.
Re-install the tab control panel.
Drawbars maintenance is completed and look like fresh from factory !
Part 1 44
OUTLETS Restoring Hammond X-66
OUTLETS
The oulet receptacle has been reworked in order to comply more with EU safety regulations. 2-pin UL inlet and
socket were removed. A new approved 3-pin inlet with earth connection was fixed. The original 2-pin socket to
feed external device was also removed and replaced by a 6-pin socket.
After modification
Before Rear view
Part 1 45
OUTLETS Restoring Hammond X-66
OUTLETS
The oulet receptacle has been reworked in order
After
to meet the EU safety regulations.
2-pin UL inlet and socket were removed.
A new EU approved 3-pin inlet with earth
connection was fixed.
The wiring diagram is provided on the next slide.
Front view
The original 2-pin socket to feed external devices was also
removed and replaced by a 6-pin socket for Leslie 147.
Part 1 46
OUTLETS Restoring Hammond X-66
OUTLETS
Wiring diagram of X-66 outlet receptacle.
TAB Voice Tibia ‘A’ 230 Vac
Chan. Chan. Motor Speed
Reverb Tibia ‘B’ to PSU control signal
+ 8Vdc – Fast
Chan. Chan. GND 0Vdc - Slow Audio
output to
Chasis Leslie 147
BLU VIO WHT RED YEL ground GRY
WHT YEL YEL
RED BLU
VIO BLU
C1 5
N Yel/ 4 6
1 2 1 2
S2 G Grn
7 3 7 S1 3 S3
BRN L Thermal 3 1
0,22µF Signal
AC fuse to 2
6 275V
5 4 6 5 4
Inlet Ground
PSU
N/C
YEL BRN
BLU
REAR VIEW REAR VIEW
X66 OUTLET RECEPTACLE
to Key- to SSR
Switch
Part 1 47
OUTLETS Restoring Hammond X-66
OUTLETS
Since the rear panel was dismounted, 6 additional output
sockets were incorporated to drive an external audio mixer.
A small board was assuring the interface between the 4
outputs from output stage of the X-66 console.
The diagram of this interface board is provided here-after.
After
Part 1 48
OUTLETS Restoring Hammond X-66
OUTLETS
Schematic diagram of interface board between the console output and external audio mixer. Same
filter as found in TC-series.
INPUTS OUTPUTS
From Drawbars ‘A’ Tibia ‘A’ Chan.
From Drawbars ‘B’ Tibia ‘B’ Chan.
From Tab Voice Bright Chan.
From Reverb Reverb Chan.
120 K
22 K 22 K 22 K Bass Chan.
100 K
100 K
47 K
330 nF
8.2 nF 8.2 nF
10 K
GND GND
Bass Filter
From Leslie Preamp Mono Chan.
X-66 CONSOLE OUTPUTS TO EXTERNAL AUDIO MIXER
Part 1 49
MECHANICAL Restoring Hammond X-66
MECHANICAL WORKS
Restoring also includes the mechanical part or the body of the organ. Moisture, dust, carelessness of the former
owner entailed serious damages that did merit some actions.
Bad luck, all chrome sleeves exhibited severe
rust stains.
No other choice to dismount those tubes and
send them outside for chrome-plating
process.
Part 1 50
MECHANICAL Restoring Hammond X-66
MECHANICAL WORKS
No other choice than to remove cabling
between the upper section and the base
in order to separate them later on in
two apart units.
Easier to
say than to do !
Here is the X-33 console !
Part 1 51
MECHANICAL Restoring Hammond X-66
MECHANICAL WORKS
All the mechanical parts composing the base unit were
so dismounted, cleaned and entirely re-painted. Not really
funny!
Original pedal lighting has been replaced by new
‘economic’ lamps providing a wide-angle lighting, long-life
and no heat dissipation inside the console.
Part 1 52
MECHANICAL Restoring Hammond X-66
MECHANICAL WORKS
Upon receipt the chrome sleeves, the base has been re-mounted
and upper and base units re-assembled.
Afterwards, re-cabling was done as initially.
Similar treatment was applied to the bench (re-chroming the
tubes).
Removable wooden panels were also entirely refurbished by a
cabinet-maker.
The mechanical part is now completed.
Part 1 53
