# LaTex

Document Sample

LaTex

By Wen Ying Gao
What is LaTeX?
LaTeX is a typesetting system with the
features that enhance the formatting of the
documents.
It is efficient for using on publication of
books or articles.
It can save user’s time by automatically
formatting the sections, equations, and
pictures of the documents.
Example of LaTeX:
Here is a sample of LaTeX syntax:
\documentclass{article}
\ttfamily\title{Wonderful Town}
\author{Wendy Gao}
\date{February 2006}
\begin{document}
\maketitle
\itshape There is a \bfseries{Wonderful Town}
\mdseries{located at the end of the country. This town full of
happy people….}
\end{document}
Sample of PDF formatted of the
article:
Syntax of the LaTeX
Using LaTeX to produce a document:
\documentclass
\begin{document}
(The text is typed here)
…
\end{document}
LaTeX will automatically indent and put in
paragraph for the text by simply double line the
text. For no indent paragraph, we can use the
\noindent control sequence at the beginning of the
paragraph.
Example for creating paragraphs
in LaTeX:
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
During the 1960s, many large software development efforts
encountered severe difficulties. Software schedules were
typically late, costs greatly exceeded budgets and the
finished products were unreliable.
\vspace{10 mm}
\noindent
People began to realize that software development was a far
more complex activity than they had imagined.
\end{document}
Result:
LaTeX for Simple Document
By using LaTeX, all the document formats
are typed within the text.
LaTeX using control sequences, which
consist of a backslash follow by a string of
letters, to indicate the format of the text.
Text Format Control Sequences
To change the font of the text, we can use the control
sequences to edit particular word or a group of words.
Control Sequences               Text Format
\textrm                         Roman font
\textsf                         Sans serif font
\texttt                         Typewriter font
\textup                         Upright shape
\textit                         Italic shape
\textsl                         Slanted shape
\textsc                         Small caps shape
\textmd                         Medium font
\textbf                         Bold face
\emph                           Emphasized
Example:
\documentclass{article}
\begin{document}
\textrm{PERL How To Program}

\texttt{by Deitel, Nieto, and McPhie}

\textsl{1.8 Object-Oriented Programming}

\textsc{\textbf{One} of the key problems with procedural programming is
that the program units programmers create do not easily mirror
\emph{real-world} entities effectively.}
\end{document}
Result:
Mathematical Formulae Control
Sequences
To indicate the mathematical formulae in the
text, LaTeX provides many control
sequences to organize the mathematical
formulae and print its mathematical
symbols.
Display Mathematical Formulae
in LaTeX
There are four ways that LaTeX will display the mathematical
formulae:
Use ‘$’ at the beginning and ending of the formula to indicate the formula within the document. Use ‘$$‘ at the beginning of the formula and ‘$$’ at the end of the formula to indicate the formula within the document. Use ‘$‘ at the beginning of the formula and ‘$’ at the end of the formula. This will display the formula on a line by itself. Use $$at the beginning of the formula and$$ at the end of the formula will display the formula on a line by itself. Example The following LaTeX will display the definition of sample mean: \documentclass{book} \begin{document} \noindent Definition: \noindent The \textbf{sample mean}$\bar{x}$of observations$x_1$,$x_2$,...,$x_n$is given by $\bar{x} = \frac{x_1 + x_2 + ... + x_n}{n} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^n x_i}{n}$ \noindent The numerator of$\bar{x}$can be written more informally as$\sum x_i$, where the summation is over all sample observations. \end{document} Result Mathematical Symbol in LaTeX Many of the mathematical symbol are indicated by a backslash that follow by the name of the symbol. For example: Mathematical Symbol LaTeX Syntax  \cong  \Pi  \supseteq Mathematical Operation in LaTeX The mathematical operation such as addition and subtraction will be using the keyboard symbol ‘+’ and ‘-’. However, the operation for multiplication, division, fraction, and square root will need to apply other LaTeX control sequences. Operations LaTeX control sequences Multiplication () \times Division () \div Fraction \frac{numerator}{denominator} Square Root \sqrt{expression} Example This example prints the definition of variance and standard deviation. \documentclass{article} \begin{document} \noindent The \textbf{variance} of a continuous random variable$X$with pdf$f(x)$and mean value$\mu$is $\sigma_X^2 = V(X) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty (x - \mu)^2 \bullet f(x)dx = E[(X - \mu)^2]$ The \textbf{standard deviation} (SD) of$X$is$\sigma_X =
\sqrt{V(X)}\$.
\end{document}
Result
Conclusion
There are a lot of features in the LaTeX that are not
able to demonstrate all at one time. However,
there are many tutorials on the web which contain
the usage and syntax of LaTeX. The preferable
LaTeX tutorial websites from my research are in
the reference page.
it from the site, which is in the reference page.
Reference
Obtaining LaTeX. 16 Jan. 2006. 31 Jan.
2006 <http://www.latex-
project.org/ftp.html>
Wilkins, David R. Getting Started with
LaTeX. 9 March 1998. School of
Mathematics. 2 Feb. 2006
<http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeX
Primer/>

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