Annual Report 2008.pub

2008 ANNUAL REPORT MARION COUNTY SHERIFF’S OFFICE OREGON Page 3 CONTENTS OFFICE INFORMATION ORGANIZATIONAL CHART—6 BUDGET—7 RETIREMENTS, PROMOTIONS AND AWARDS—28-29 STATISTICS CRIME STATS—8 TRAFFIC/ACCIDENT—11 STREET CRIMES—14 K-9 UNIT—15 JAIL—17 CIVIL AND RECORDS—23 P&P CASELOAD—27 DIVISION INFORMATION ENFORCEMENT—10-15 INSTITUTIONS—16-19 OPERATIONS—20-23 PAROLE & PROBATION—24-27 PEOPLE DETECTIVE MATHIEU LACROSSE—12 COLD CASE SQUAD—13 DEPUTY ALAN JASKOSKI—18 JAIL GANG TEAM—19 DEPUTY LACEY CARTER—26 IN MEMORY OF DEP. KELLY FREDINBURG—30 Produced by: Marion County Sheriff’s Office 100 High St. NE Salem, OR 97301 (503) 588-5094 www.GoMCSO.com On the cover: Dep. Shawn Bush of the MCSO Honor Guard Page 4 YOUR MARION COUNTY SHERIFF RUSS ISHAM If you are reading our 2008 Annual Report then you are someone who has an active interest in the Marion County Sheriff's Office and the public safety of our community. As you read the individual messages and the content that follows, I think you’ll see a common theme: We are heading in a new direction. I am confident that it is a direction that will strike a very good balance between the expectations of our community and the resources we have been provided. With all of the reminders of the tough economic times that surround us each day, we are committed to providing the highest level of public safety services possible. The materials and stories contained in this report are only a small look into an entire year of good work that has been done by the dedicated professionals in all four of our divisions. As your Sheriff, and your partner in public safety, I would like to thank you for your continued support and encourage you to contact me at any time if you have any questions about what we are doing. Upon reading this report, I know you will be as proud of your Sheriff's Office as I am. We look forward to working together with you in the future. Do your best. Do the right thing. Treat people the way you want to be treated. SECOND IN COMMAND UNDERSHERIFF JASON MYERS 2008 has been a year of many changes organizationally for the Marion County Sheriff’s Office. The Sheriff’s Office changed from an executive leadership team of two Undersheriffs and three Division Commanders to one Undersheriff and four Division Commanders. With the addition of a new Commander position a new Division was created that now includes all Sheriff’s Office administration, Crime Prevention and School Resource Officers, Judicial Security, Civil, and Criminal Records. This organizational change has made the Sheriff’s Office more efficient in the way that it provides services to the Office and Community that we serve. In August of 2008, upon the retirement of Undersheriff Mike Wilkerson, I was promoted from Operations Division Commander to Undersheriff. As Undersheriff it is my responsibility to ensure that the many exceptionally talented persons who make up our organization successfully carry out the Mission and Vision of our Office. I oversee the four Divisions (Operations, Institutions, Enforcement, Parole & Probation), and I report directly to the Sheriff on all business and operational matters. It has been a privilege and pleasure for me to serve this Office and our community. I look forward to the future of this office and the challenges that lie ahead. Page 5 ENFORCEMENT DIVISION INSTITUTIONS DIVISION COMMANDER DOUG GARRETT COMMANDER JEFF HOLLAND During 2008 we continued to develop our relationships with the community and with other law enforcement entities locally and throughout the state. A few examples of these are the increase in Neighborhood Watch Groups and community outreach, working hand in hand with other agencies in large investigations such as the Woodburn Bombing incident, and taking the leadership role in areas such as Traffic Enforcement/Education Projects, the Reserve Academy, and special projects Teams such as SWAT and TNT. The Enforcement Division staff continue resourceful and rise to the top in the area of leadership. The citizens of Marion County can be confidant that Deputies are working hard to keep them safe! 2008 was a transformational year for the Institutions Division. We faced many challenges; the two most significant being the filling of numerous vacant positions and the planning for a transition to a 12 hour shift schedule at the Jail. Operations and train port staff. hard work vacant t h e A team from the Institutions and Divisions worked to recruit, hire dozens of new Deputies and supThis was a difficult mission, but the paid off by closing the gaps in our to be positions. The driving force behind transition to 12 hour shifts was to accomplish greater staff efficiencies and reduce overtime. The result has been a reduction in costs for the taxpayers of Marion County. Marion County Sheriff’s Office DIVISION COMMANDERS Our office is divided into four divisions that are each lead by a Division Commander. Division Commanders help guide the direction of the Agency and provide strong leadership for their respective Divisions. OPERATIONS DIVISION PAROLE & PROBATION DIVISION COMMANDER KEVIN SCHULTZ COMMANDER TROY CLAUSEN 2008 was an exciting and challenging year for the Operations Division. Some exciting highlights were the Undersheriff and Commander promotions, the formation of a Crime Prevention Unit, the hiring of a Volunteer Coordinator and creating a new Public Information Officer / Accreditation Manager Position. These changes were accomplished by restructuring staff and using our budgeted dollars in the most efficient way. Already paying dividends is the Volunteer Coordinator, who has recruited new volunteers who save the Sheriff’s Office a significant amount of money and staff hours. One of our overall goals for 2008 a commitment to excellence. work that we perform daily and the customer service that we provide to all the residents and business partners throughout the county. 2008 was a tremendous year for the parole and probation division of the Sheriff's Office. Tasked with the supervision of over 4,200 people and a mission to hold them in account for their actions in the community, our staff worked together to address areas that could make a difference in our offenders’ lives. Hope, Courage, and Determination became our division philosophy. We developed an in house cognitive behavioral program, switched our supervision strata levels based on work completed by Dr. Faye Taxman, created a Special Supervision Unit, and opened a 90 day transitional housing complex, Quest for Change. None of this hard without has been work could have been accomplished PaIn the the dedicated staff serving in our role and Probation division. Nor could it have been accomplished without the many community partners we have and the on-going support of the Board of Commissioners. Page 6 ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE The Sheriff’s Office made some significant changes in 2008. Sheriff Isham was appointed to the position of Sheriff by the Marion County Board of Commissioners in September 2007, and then he was elected by the citizens of Marion County in late 2008. Sheriff Isham has restructured the Office by removing one Undersheriff position and creating a fourth Commander position (as seen below). This provided for more streamlined operations and better leadership. The new Division—Operations—was created to oversee all of the administrative functions of the Office, which had been split up in the past. The change has resulted in smoother processes, more efficient services, and consistent application of these processes and services. Sheriff Isham’s first goal was to lay a strong foundation to build from. The first layer of that foundation needed to be a strong leadership structure. □ Total Number of Employees: 368 Sworn Employees: 261 Non-Sworn Employees: 107 Total Full Time Employees: Sworn Employees: Non-Sworn Employees: Page 7 BUDGET SNAPSHOT Sheriff's Office Budget Fiscal Year 2007-2008 Sheriff's Office Budget Fiscal Year 2008-2009 Percent (proposed) Change Program Name: Enforcement Operations Judicial Security Unit Criminal Records/Civil Process Unit Traffic Safety Team Enforcement / Institutions Grants Contract Work, Special Accounts & Donations Operations Services Parole & Probation Operations Parole & Probation Special Programs Parole & Probation Grants Institution Operations Medical Unit Institution Records/Warrants/Court Desk Inmate Welfare Work Center Operations K-9 Replacement TOTAL $10,183,795 $934,575 $1,119,198 $1,665,757 $1,092,944 $1,587,988 $887,988 $12,353,595 $1,223,312 $3,500 $13,690,908 $1,866,769 $1,013,380 $391,271 $2,010,108 $61,863 $50,086,951 $10,785,521 $925,875 $1,217,665 $1,690,561 $741,475 $1,538,344 $1,239,818 $12,752,007 $1,340,122 $0 $14,384,521 $2,014,721 $1,052,253 $355,314 $2,260,363 $31,646 $52,330,206 5.9% -0.9% 8.8% 1.5% -32.2% -3.1% 39.6% 3.2% 9.5% -100.0% 5.1% 7.9% 3.8% -9.2% 12.4% -48.8% 4.50% PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER: LIEUTENANT SHEILA LORANCE My role as the Public Information Officer (PIO) is to report to the media and the public accurate information on the activities of the Sheriff’s Office. Open lines of communication between law enforcement, the media and the public are very important to me. I also believe there is much more to the role of PIO than releasing information about criminal activity or arrests we have made. I have the opportunity to share information about the great things our Sheriff’s Office is doing in the community as well as provide helpful crime prevention information. To sign up to receive our media releases, please go to our website: www.co.marion.or.us/so Page 8 MARION COUNTY, OREGON CRIME STATISTICS Assault Aggravated MARION COUNTY DATA Capital: Salem Area: 1,175 square miles Established: July 5, 1843 (renamed Marion County in 1849) Population: 311,449 (2007 certified estimate) Cities: 20 incorporated Elevation: 154 feet at Salem Average Temp: Jan. 39.3 F; July 66.3 F Annual Precipitation: 40.35 inches Principle Industries: Government, food processing, lumber, manufacturing, education, tourism, and agriculture. 2007 75 5 607 73 181 353 2008 63 0 632 65 202 365 Attempted Forced Rape Burglary Total Business Other Structure Residence Larceny Total Bicycle Coin Operated Machine Motor Vehicle From Public Building Of Motor Vehicle Parts Other Pickpocket Purse snatch Shoplifting 2,089 67 3 739 29 57 934 2 10 248 1,759 53 2 603 23 35 892 0 1 150 Motor Vehicle Theft Murder Rape by Force Robbery Total Bank Business Car Jacking Convenience Store Highway Other Residence Service Station 407 4 29 56 2 19 3 2 15 9 5 1 312 3 15 36 1 14 0 3 13 4 1 0 TOTAL 3,272 2,820 Page 9 OUR “PARTNERS IN PUBLIC SAFETY” In 2008, we adopted a new slogan for our office. With careful consideration of all suggestions, a final vote confirmed that our new slogan would be: “Your Partner in Public Safety.” The new slogan will be added to patrol vehicles as we get new cars, new brochures as we have them printed and other affected items to avoid any cost with the change. A special thank you to all of those who are our partners in public safety. Below are some business and community partners who have made special contributions during 2008. Auto Additions Woodburn Wal-Mart Stayton Moose Lodge Oregon Dept. of Human Services THANK YOU Salem Target MC Public Works Salem Rotary Foundation All new Deputies must complete a Field Training and Evaluation Program (FTEP) upon being hired. The length and content for each Division’s FTEP varies. However, each new recruit must spend time with the other Divisions in order to better understand the Sheriff’s Office and the systems we have in place. FTEP helps to ensure that new recruits are given the base skills to succeed in their position. Field Training Officers (FTOs), evaluate recruits on a daily basis to provide feedback and to review areas that may need additional training. Part of the FTEP process is attending the applicable “academy” at the Oregon Department of Public Safety Standards and Training (DPSST). The DPSST academy is required for certification in the State of Oregon. Salem Elks Club #336 Les Schwab MC Fire District #1 Greg Parkinson Do you want to be a Partner in Public Safety? Contact crimeprevention@co.marion.or.us or 503-588-7981 2008 FIELD TRAINING AND EVALUATION PROGRAM (FTEP) ENFORCEMENT DIVISION # of Coaches: 10 # of Recruits: 7 Length of FTEP: 22 weeks Length of Academy: 16 weeks INSTITUTIONS DIVISION # of Coaches: 23 # of Recruits: 28 Length of FTEP: 18 weeks Length of Academy: 5 weeks OPERATIONS DIVISION # of Coaches: 9 # of Recruits: 7 Length of FTEP: 4 weeks Length of Academy: n/a PAROLE & PROBATION DIVISION # of Coaches: 11 # of Recruits: 11 Length of FTEP: 14 weeks Length of Academy: 3 weeks Page 10 ENFORCEMENT DIVISION Pictured: Dep. Curt Henckel Page 11 KEEPING OUR COUNTY SAFE The Marion County Sheriff’s Office Enforcement Division provides services that the public most commonly associates with a Sheriff’s Office—traffic enforcement, responding to calls for service and criminal investigations. Following is a list of Units that fall under this Division: • • • • Patrol Criminal Investigations (Detectives) Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) K-9 Unit • • • • • • Traffic Safety Team Reserve Unit Cadet Unit Evidence and Property Unit Forest/Marine Patrol Search and Rescue TRAFFIC SAFETY TEAM The Traffic Safety Team was established to enforce traffic related laws and to provide public education on traffic safety issues. The goal of the Team is to improve safety through the reduction of motor vehicle crashes. In 2008, we saw a five-year low for traffic fatalities. □ Five Year Motor Vehicle Accident Summary 2008 Fatal Traffic Crashes January 0 February 0 March 0 April 1 May 2 June 0 July 1 August 6 September 0 October 0 November 0 December 0 Total 10 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 Non-Injury Injury Fatal 2004 796 196 15 2005 781 187 17 2006 737 191 14 2007 670 197 12 2008 713 220 10 Page 12 Continued... SENIOR DEPUTY MATHIEU LACROSSE: DETECTIVE AND FIRE INVESTIGATOR PERSPECTIVE With over 500 hours of fire investigation training and many more hours of investigative experience, Det. LaCrosse has been qualified as an expert in fire investigation in Circuit Court. He can be relied upon as expert testimony for fire-related incidents. “The fire investigation community is so small in Oregon. I consider it a blessing to be a part of this community, and I am grateful to know the professionals who also share a passion for these types of investigations. I have had a great career so far and look forward to what the Lord has in store for me in the future.” Det. LaCrosse doesn’t stop serving people at the border of Marion County. He has traveled to other countries to help people in need. Most recently, he traveled to Sierra Leone – a country considered to have one of the lowest levels of livability – in order to help build a church and community meeting space. I n 2004, Det. Mathieu LaCrosse came to the Marion County Sheriff’s Office looking for more opportunity. He began his career at a small police department as a Reserve Officer, but had his sights set on working as a Detective. Five years after coming to Marion County, Det. LaCrosse joined the Criminal Investigations Unit (CIU) as a Detective. While the Marion County CIU focuses mostly on crimes against persons, there have been cases where the expertise of a fire investigator has been necessary, and Det. LaCrosse has taken a special interest in these types of cases. There are only a hand“I know that we get to see ful of law enforcement people on their worst day, but officers in the state who are also fire investiga- I take to heart the opportunity to be able to try to answer tors. According to Det. LaCrosse, “The benefit their toughest questions.” is that [the Sheriff’s Office] does not have to rely on outside agencies to complete reports on fires that happen in our County. The citizens benefit by having a qualified expert in the agency who can more quickly respond to their fire loss.” And his skills have been called upon within Marion County. “I investigated a fire in Jefferson that was the result of a product failure in a faulty switch. The family - who had lost their home - was able to get some compensation. I know that we get to see people on their worst day, but I take to heart the opportunity to be able to try to answer their toughest questions.” Dep. LaCrosse in Sierra Leone. Page 13 COLD CASE SQUAD: TURNING UP THE HEAT ON CASES GONE COLD T hree days before Christmas in 1986, 34year-old Edward Jeffery was found lying in the driveway of his NE Salem home, with a gunshot wound to his head. Mr. Jeffery’s car was located not far from his home with the engine running, the lights and windshield wipers on and the driver’s side door wide open. A strange beginning to a case that would take nearly 21 years to solve. helped encourage new information. Under the supervision of full-time Detective Mike Myers, the Cold Case Squad traveled to Redmond, Oregon, where McCreary was currently residing and arrested him. The Squad obtained a confession from McCreary, who pled guilty to First Degree Murder during in January 2009 trial. He was sentenced to life in prison with a mandatory minimum ten year term. The Marion County Sheriff’s Cold Case Squad was The Jeffery’s homicide is the second major case to formed in 2004. The Squad’s sole focus is to inves- be solved by the Cold Case Squad. tigate unsolved homicide cases that occurred n December 2007, the Squad pegged the 1982 within Marion County. Mr. Jeffery’s case had gone disappearance of a young pizza delivery girl cold some 20 years ago, but the Cold Case Squad (Sherry Eyerly) on an inmate who is currently began taking a second look in July 2007. With a serving two life sentences. combined 120 years of law enforcement experience, the four-man Squad has what it takes to turn William Scott Smith pled guilty to Sherry Eyerly’s up the heat on cases gone cold. murder, ending a two-year investigation by cold Investigating a cold case involves a lengthy proc- case investigators during which hundreds of leads ess of reviewing old investigative reports and then were followed up, and hundreds of interviews were following up on new leads developed by investiga- conducted. tors. Advances in science and technology have Smith had previously been convicted of two Salemlead to new ways to identify offenders through area homicides and was in custody during this inDNA and advanced fingerprint analysis. Even with vestigation. Initial investigators discounted Smith’s all of the available technology at their disposal, involvement in Eyerly’s disappearance as a result of cold case investigators often rely on the techalibi information. However, a behavioral analysis of niques that have cleared so many cases: getting this case revealed many similarities between Eyout on the street and talking to people. Despite the erly’s disappearance and Smith’s other crimes. advances in forensic science, experience has Cold Case investigators set out to eliminate Smith as shown that the vast majority of cold cases are a suspect, but came across information that desolved by personal contact with citizens. People stroyed the 1982 alibi instead. who come forward with information that they may not have considered significant -- or that they were Follow-up interviews increasingly pointed investinot in a position to previously provide to investiga- gators toward Smith, and during prison interviews, he admitted his involvement in Sherry‘s kidnapping tors -- hold the key to resolving these cases. and murder. During his 2007 court appearance, he In the Jeffery’s homicide, it was several previously was sentenced to an additional term of life imprisundeveloped leads that lead investigators to estabonment. □ lish Patrick McCreary as a person of interest and then a suspect. There were also changes in a number of relationships over the past 20 years that I Page 14 STREET CRIMES The Street Crimes Unit responds to all Drug Activity Complaints received by our agency, and takes drug endangered children into protective custody. One member of the team is assigned to the Drug Enforcement Agency task force and one is assigned to the Meth Strike Force. Deputies also give community presentations on how to identify drug activity and other safety issues. STREET CRIMES UNIT 2008 STATS Arrests: Warrants Possession Distribution Manufacture Drug Activity Complaints Received Search Warrants: Meth Labs Investigated: Meth Seized (in grams): Street Value: Cocaine Seized (in grams): Street Value: Heroin Seized (in grams): Street Value: Marijuana seized (in grams) Marijuana Plants seized Street Value: Pills seized Drug Endangered Children in Protective Custody Weapons Seized Cash Seized: Meth Presentations Street Value of ALL Drugs Seized 86 21 51 10 3 218 14 0 80.0 $6,400 59.0 $11,800 1 $200 431.0 126 $195,465 374 34 10 $500 25 $213,865 Page 15 MCSO RESERVE UNIT AND CADET UNIT Reserve Deputies gave over 3,800 hours of volunteer patrol time during 2008. Most commonly, reserves are called upon to handle major community events—like the 4th of July St. Paul Rodeo—where a large presence of deputies is needed. However, they also assist on patrol, logging at least 24 hours per month. While their status is “volunteer,” Reserves are put through an extensive academy and must maintain a set number of training hours. Sgt. Kristin Knutson, and Deps. Justin Kinyon, Scott Kometz and Steve Duncan help coordinate the 15 current Reserve Deputies in the Unit. The Cadet Unit is a program for teenagers (14-21) with an interest in law enforcement. What these young men and women take away from the Unit is certainly applicable to a public safety career, but is also applicable to everyday life. We work to help them build confidence, use teamwork, take initiative and learn responsibility. There are five cadets in the Unit, which is supervised by Sgt. Kristin Knutson and Deps. Aaron West and Nancy Hubbard. A total of 2,100 hours were donated by Cadets in 2008. They handled 334 illegal parking, abandoned vehicles and found property calls. K-9 UNIT The Sheriff’s Office K-9 Unit was established in 1982 with the purpose of utilizing specially trained dogs and handlers to combat crime. The dogs are used to perform building searches, area searches, tracks, vehicle searches, narcotic searches as well as educational presentations. The dogs can more effectively search an area in much less time than it would take several deputies, resulting in a much more efficient use of the deputies’ time. There are two main uses for K-9s in our office—drug detection and suspect tracking. In early 2008, the Unit gained two new K-9 positions, which were filled with drug detection dogs. Dep. Dale Huitt and Dep. Jeremy Landers (pictured with Misty at right) were selected to join the Unit after an interview and testing process. K-9 Unit 2008 Stats Dep. Huitt and K-9 Bailey Dep. Landers and K-9 Misty Dep. Bush and K-9 Max Dep. Stutrud and K-9 Garry Dep. Wollenschlaeger and K-9 Yo Dep. Gadberry and K-9 Dango Dep. Lumley and K-9 Chicco Jail Dep. Swendsen and K-9 Neros Training Hours Deployments Narcotics Captures/ Finds Bites Presentations 258 234 123 148 167 98 126 272 25 9 2 32 63 unknown 28 35 Meth: 2gr Marijuana: 17.7 gr Meth: 1gr Marijuana: 11 oz n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 110,936gr n/a 9 2 11 27 12 6 2 14 0 0 n/a n/a 0 0 4 4 2 4 3 5 Page 16 INSTITUTIONS DIVISION Pictured: Dep. Todd Swendsen & K-9 Neros Page 17 INSTITUTIONS DIVISION OVERVIEW The Marion County Correctional Facility (Jail) receives all inmates charged with crimes from every law enforcement agency within Marion County. It also serves the 3rd Judicial District, the Marion County Justice Courts and the Salem Municipal Court by holding inmates sentenced to less than one year. Our funded capacity for the year was 528. The Marion County Work Release Center is located next to the Jail. The Work Center can house up to 144 inmates who are allowed to maintain employment or participate in a Sheriff’s Office Work Crew. Offenders from the Parole & Probation Division may also be sanctioned to the Work Center as part of their supervision. Jail Campus—4000 Aumsville Hwy. SE In 2008, the focus was hiring personnel to get to full staffing, which would reduce overtime dollars. 2008 JAIL STATISTICS GENERAL County Population: 311,449 Jail Budget: $ 18,186,513 BOOKINGS Total Bookings: 16,500 Number Male: 12,908 Number Female: 3,592 Juvenile: 38 Measure 11: 862 RELEASES Number of Inmates Posting Security: 664 Number of Forced Releases: 2,346 CORRECTION SYSTEM BEDS Beds in County: 620 Beds in Use: 528 (current number of funded beds) Beds Contracted in Other County: 0 Beds Contracted for Use by Other Agency: 0 SB 1145 Inmates: 2,101 TRANSPORTS Inmates Transported: 110 Transport Miles Driven: 2,942 STAFFING Total Full Time Employees (sworn & non-sworn): 146.5 Sworn FTEs: 96 Non-sworn FTEs: 50.5 PROGRAMS Program Hours: 8,386 Educational Hours: 1,339.5 GEDs Awarded: 7 MENTAL HEALTH & SUICIDES Psychotropic Medication Costs: $ 158,713 Number of Inmates Receiving Psych. Meds: 1,247 Suicide Attempts: 6 Suicides: 0 ASSAULTS Inmate-to-Inmate: 19 Inmate-to-Staff: 4 Staff-to-Inmate: 0 Page 18 COMMUNITY GARDEN: GROWING SUCCESS hen Alan Jaskoski went to college, he wanted to study Agriculture. Rather than argue with him and tell him what a foolish idea that was in the early 80s when farms were being foreclosed on, his father said this: “It doesn’t matter what your major is. You will go to college and have a good time. At some point you will find something that comes naturally to you and that’s what you need to do.” After Alan’s neighbor in the dorm convinced him to take a Law Enforcement class with him , Alan’s dad’s wisdom rang true. Alan volunteered with Search and Rescue while in college and became a Reserve Deputy with Marion County in 1986. Jobs were scarce, so despite his desire to be an Enforcement Deputy, when Marion County opened up Jail Deputy positions for the “new jail” he applied and was hired in May of 1988. In 2006, Dep. Jaskoski would get a chance to return to his earlier Agriculture interests. On a cold and wet February day, Jail Commander Jeff Holland came in to the control center at the Work Release Center where Dep. Jaskoski was assigned and asked Deputies to brainstorm ideas for inmate work projects. Without a second thought, Dep. Jaskoski immediately replied, “We ought to plant a garden and donate the food to the Mission.” W The county had previously purchased 12 acres of land adjacent to the Work Release Center for future expansion of facilities. A forany expectations I could have had.” mer groundskeeper had developed the practice of having the inmates mow the weeds with string trimmers. This was neither a productive use of the land nor the inmate’s time. Dep. Jaskoski’s release. One inmate was recently trained and certified experience had taught him that inmates could accomplish much on a forklift while at the Food Share, and they are acmore if they felt that their efforts were valued and productive. tively working to obtain funding to hire this inmate upon “I knew from the beginning that if we were going to do a garden his release. that it needed to be of a scale that was actually useful. Water is the key element in determining how much and what can be grown.” After making contact with a nearby Correctional Facility, Dep. Jaskoski received approval for the Department of Corrections to provide water for the garden at no charge. The project continued to take off. “Seeds just started showing up in my mail box. I found the phone number for Marion Polk Food Share in the phone book, and I was surprised to find that they had just started a community garden program. From there the partnership was formed.” The Work Center garden contributes an average of 40,000 pounds of fresh produce to the Food Share. This is more than all of the other community gardens combined in the Food Share system. The garden has also produced many successful partnerships. Inmates, local businesses, churches, non profits, and government agencies have all worked together to make this project a success. The garden has been an opportunity for the inmates to give back in a meaningful way. Even before the economy started the downward The inmates on the garden crew are hand selected by Dep. Jas- spiral, Marion County ranks among the top areas in the koski. Selection is based on their criminal history, willingness to state for students receiving free or reduced lunches. work, physical ability and a first impression. “The make up of the There are a large number of people that are living on crew varies over time. More often than not, inmates have little to the tough economic fringe. This number has only conno gardening or farming experience. I generally lean towards tinued to grow as we suffer through this recession. an older than average inmate that may have trouble keeping up on some of the other crews, but wants to work.” The garden crew The true sign of success comes after an inmate is reinmates have the most public contact of any of the inmate work- leased. “I am still surprised by the number of inmates ers. On a daily basis we send eight inmates in civilian clothes to that continue to volunteer with the Food Share after their work in the Food Share warehouse. The inmates gain valuable release from custody. It must mean something to them work skills. Many have received letters of recommendations and because they are making positive choices to help their have made contacts that led to regular employment upon their community.”□ Deputy Alan Jaskoski “The garden has grown far beyond Page 19 MANAGING GANGS INSIDE JAIL WALLS G ang members and affiliates don’t lose their ties upon being booked at the Jail. Managing a population that includes gang members – including some from rival gangs –can prove somewhat challenging and requires deputies to know who they are dealing with. At the Marion County Jail, Dep. Jose Gonzalez and Dep. Gabe Reece have taken a special interest in the gang population. The Jail Gang Team exists to track, monitor, and aid in the overall safety, security, and orderly opDep. Reece has had the opportunity to assist erations of the facility. When asked why “It is our duty to protect both the Parole & Probation and Enforcement the Jail has a Gang Team, Dep. Reece Divisions over the years in events like graffiti the very people who says that, “We aid in sharing/collecting cleanup projects and gang probation stings. threaten our information and provide training to staff “Gang members have stated that knowing that I communities.” on what to look for and how to best faciliwas standing by and or actively involved in comtate the management of individuals who munity policing projects, they were less likely to pose a security risk by their involvement in gangs.” Dep. give false information.” Gonzalez adds that, “At the same time, we need to make sure we protect the very ones who threaten our communi- Dep. Gonzalez and Dep. Reece know that by working ties.” This makes for an interesting dynamic within the closely with gang members in the Jail, many situations have been avoided by taking the time to talk to and listen to their walls of the Jail. concerns. Successful management of this population means Dep. Gonzalez came to work for the Sheriff’s Office four that deputies must have excellent communication skills. years ago, and since his arrival he has been waiting for the Dep. Gonzalez typically asks all suspected or confirmed opportunity to work with the Gang Team. “I have always gang members one question, “Has being part of a gang had an interest in street gangs. The jail provides an envi- truly benefited you in life so far?” The answer is always ‘no.’ ronment filled with knowledge and intelligence, and staff Then, I tell them that it is their choice to better themselves must be trained and up to date on local gang trends. I be- and stay out of trouble. After that, I hope we don’t ever see lieve the team is necessary to the safety of all who dedicate them again.” □ their lives to public service.” Dep. Reece has been part of the Gang Team for five years and he also believes that the knowledge and intelligence gathered inside the Jail walls is also useful beyond those walls. Knowledge is power. Sharing information with other public safety agencies is by far the most important issue because together we can develop solutions to manage gang activity throughout our community – inside and outside the Jail. Page 20 OPERATIONS DIVISION Pictured: Lt. Sheila Lorance Page 21 BEHIND THE SCENE: OPERATIONS DIVISION The Operations Division of the Sheriff’s Office was created in late 2007 in order to streamline the support functions of the entire office, which had been divided up in the past. The Division quickly assessed all administrative functions to ensure the best, most efficient methods were being used. Leadership determined the following sections of the Office would fall under the Operations Division: • • • • • • • Administrative vices Judicial Security Criminal Records Civil Process Crime Prevention Public Information Serwas appointed by Sheriff Isham in August 2008, after the previous Operations Commander, Jason Myers, was promoted to Undersheriff. The Division continues to work to support the other Divisions, to prepare the Office budget, to ensure positive media relationships and to establish positive connections with Marion County communities. □ Civil Supervisor, Brian Wallace and Civil employee, Patsy Klusman. School Resource Officers Commander Kevin Schultz DEPUTIES PROVIDE SECURITY (and much more) FOR CHEMAWA INDIAN SCHOOL Since 2006, deputies have been working to improve safety and security for the Chemawa Indian School. The Bureau of Indian Education funded contract provides for three deputies to work in this unique assignment which is more than just another rotation for the deputies who work there. They take their job personally and it shows. Chemawa is a 400 acre boarding school that houses 385 students from 62 tribes in 21 states. Deputies are crossdeputized as U.S. Marshals so that they can enforce laws on school property, which is considered federal territory. In addition to a police presence, deputies took their jobs a step further and began helping with student activities. Dep. Steve Polanski is an assistant football coach and Dep. Heath Nelson is an assistant wrestling coach. One Deputy also attends each student council meeting. “We could see that developing a familiarity between ourselves and the students and the faculty would be the best way to ensure a safe and secure campus,” says Dep. Nelson. During the 06-07 school year: • • • Fights were reduced by 50% Assaults were reduced by 44% 124 Drug and Alcohol incidents in 0607, compared to 173 in 05-06 and 423 in year 03-04. “We could see that developing a familiarity between ourselves and the students would be the best way to ensure a safe campus.” Deputy Heath Nelson with a group of Chemawa students delivering free Christmas trees to local families. Page 22 ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES UNIT The Administrative Services Unit provides support services for the four Divisions of the Sheriff’s Office. The Unit is responsible for the preparation and monitoring of the $52 million-plus budget and provides personnel and payroll services for the 360 plus employees. One significant change in 2008 for this Unit was the conversion of the entire office from a weekly paper timesheet to a two-week, electronic timesheet. We’re saving time, money and trees! In 2008 the Unit processed 56 new employees, including 38 deputy positions—which represents the screening and testing of over 1,865 applicants. Budget impacts for the new hires were seen in the cost of uniforms and accessories, representing over $57,000 in purchases. The Admin Unit also secured several grants for funding special projects and programs that benefit the Sheriff’s Office and the Community. In 2008, grant dollars funded programs including Seat Belt Safety, Kids First Initiative, Forest Patrol, Drug & Alcohol Prevention services, Traffic Safety Enforcement services and Crime Prevention Services. Allycia Wiley, Cmdr. Kevin Schultz and Gayle Dick of the Admin Unit Working for MCSO Applications Processed: 1,865 New Employees: 56 New Positions Gained: 1 Positions Lost: 1 Background Checks: 80 SECURITY FOR MARION COUNTY COURTHOUSE AND JUDGES The Judicial Security Unit (JSU) is charged with security for the Marion County Courthouse, Circuit Courts, Judicial staff, Jurors, Judges and all other Courthouse occupants and visitors. Twentytwo courtrooms at six locations make up the Marion County Courts. JSU deputies transport inmates to and from facilities, make arrests in Courtrooms, ensure safety in the Courthouse, and provide Threat Assessments. During 2008, JSU expanded video conferencing for court arraignments and hearings in an effort to reduce costs and improve security. Marion County Courthouse Courthouse Traffic On average, we see the following number of visitors in our facilities per day: Courthouse: 1,000 Juvenile Court: 150 Court Annex (at the Jail): 400 FIGHTING CRIME THROUGH PREVENTION In June 2008, Sheriff Isham saw his goal of creating a Crime Prevention Unit realized with the reallocation of two existing positions (one Deputy and one Sergeant) and the addition of a new Volunteer Coordinator position. The Unit hit the ground running. In the seven months that the Unit operated in during 2008, they managed to attend and present at 46 community events, attend 47 Neighborhood Watch meetings and gain 21 new volunteers! The new Volunteers logged 1,321 hours—a number equal to about $23,476 in personnel savings. Crime Prevention Unit booth at a local fair. Page 23 CIVIL PROCESS UNIT The Civil Process Unit responds to all legal papers directed to the Sheriff for service and execution. Sheriff’s Office Reception and Concealed Handgun Licensing are also part of the Civil Process Unit. Types of Documents Booked Eviction Notices Other Papers Distraint Warrants Small Claims Subpoenas Protection Orders Child Support Papers Garnishments Writ of Execution/Assistance Total 2,412 1,465 1,377 1,268 1,129 804 495 308 215 9,473 Concealed Handgun Licensing Current Permit Holders New applicants for 2008 Licenses Revoked or Denied in 2008 Total Renewed Applicants for 2008 7,306 741 43 1,021 Special Permits Processed OLCC Applications Firework Display Permits ATF Federal Firearms Licenses OLCC Special Permits Total 77 24 38 38 177 Other Data Background Checks Expungements Phone Calls Taken 780 150 12,326 CRIMINAL RECORDS UNIT The Criminal Records Unit is responsible for the processing of all police reports generated by the Sheriff’s Office. All reports are scanned into an electronic imaging system and entered into a police records management system. Reports are also distributed and copied to agencies such as the district attorney, justice courts, juvenile department, ODOT, public works, OLCC, the FBI and many others. Concealed Handgun License employee, Tina Gushard fingerprints an applicant. Page 24 Inside Story Headline PAROLE & PROBATION DIVISION Pictured: Dep. Anna Whitlock Page 25 COMMUNITY CORRECTIONS Community Corrections—our Parole & Probation Division—provides the highest level of supervision to the offenders who present the greatest risk to the community. A variety of statutory, policy and contractual mandates are satisfied, such as sex offender notification, management of offenders sentenced to one year or less in local Jail, transitional planning, hearings and pre-sentence investigations. There are a number of joint agency and community partnerships, including community policing, victim services, community restoration, gang task force, drug enforcement team and drug and mental health diversion courts. There is an ongoing effort to increase the number and scope of these partnerships. Supervision, treatment resources and sanctions are focused on the offenders whose criminogenic needs (e.g., antisocial attitude, impulsive behavior, lack of empathy, substance abuse) indicate that they are the highest risk to re-offend. We have trained our staff and contract treatment providers on standardized, validated risk assessment tools. Risk assessment is a building block of Evidence Based Practices. □ Hope to change. Courage to make it happen. Determination to follow through. GPS MONITORING: TRACKING OFFENDERS O ver the last five years the Parole and Probation Division of the Sheriff’s Office has been moving towards the full implementation of Evidence Based Practices (EBP). The concept of EBP is simply to use programs and supervision strategies that have been proven to reduce recidivism in the offender population. A few of the key tenants of EBP are: use of accurate risk assessment tools, focusing on criminogenic factors in supervision, focusing of resources toward higher risk offenders, utilizing structured sanctions in an effort to reduce risk of future recidivism. To further the move toward EBP and to utilize the public’s resources in the most effective and responsible manor, this Division has created the Electronic Monitoring Program (EMP). The EMP utilizes a Global Positioning System (GPS) to monitor the whereabouts of offenders – even allowing for the detection of alcohol use by the offender. Through a contract with a private company for GPS equipment, software and support, Deputies can actively and passively track offenders. “Zones” are set up to track whether an offender remains inside certain areas or, conversely, outside areas that the offender is required to avoid. It is also designed to monitor specific curfews that an offender may have. Parole and Probation Deputies commonly use the EMP as a supplement to traditional supervision for some high-risk offenders; however, it is also used in the structured sanction process as an alternative to incarceration. The local Courts have used the program for pretrial defendants and as an alternative sentence for Sample GPS ankle bracelet worn by offenders. some convicted offenders. The Institutions Division of the Sheriff’s Office uses the program as a lower level of custody for some offenders that are deemed inappropriate for traditional incarceration. Currently, the EMP is monitoring 30 offenders in Marion County. □ Page 26 S MAKING LASTING POSITIVE CHANGES oon after Lacey Carter graduated from Western Oregon have learned as much they have learned.” University, the nation was faced with the horror of “9/11” For offenders who have attended Dep. Carter’s Motivation and she decided to join the U.S. Army. After serving over Group the response has been amazing. Comments from three years as a Military Police Officer, and spending one of graduates include: “I learned what I truly value.” “I learned those years in Iraq supporting Operation Iraqi Freedom, Lacey that I can accomplish and complete something.” “I can returned to Oregon and took a position as a Veterans’ Service change and make things better.” “I have to change in order Officer for the Oregon Department of Veterans’ Affairs. Alto meet my goals.” “I can be honest. I am in control of all of though she found working with veterans to be extremely remy choices.” “I realize how my behavior affects my family warding, she couldn’t help but remember her college experiand people around me.” “I am more confident now.” ence as a Practicum Student with Marion County Parole and Probation. “Even as a “young college kid,” it was evident that the The Motivation and Cognitive Groups promote individual staff here was fun, progressive, profeschoice in change and supply clients with the sional, and most of all, a family. I saw that necessary life skills to make lasting positive being a Parole and Probation deputy (also change. “I have found that for some, these “Clients have the known as “PO”) was one job I couldn’t be groups are the first time that anyone has just bored with. A PO is a little of everylistened, and the value that is added by having thing…teacher, law enforcement officer, opportunity to see us as POs facilitate these groups cannot be meassocial worker, and advocate for the comallies in their success.” ured. Clients have the opportunity to see us munity, the victim, and the offender.” as allies in their success." Every offender that begins supervision in Marion County completes a University of Rhode Island Change Assessment (URICA). This assessment consists of 32 statements in which each client determines an individual’s “stage of change.” We strive to ensure that our agency resources, as well as our client’s resources, are not misspent by sending someone to treatment who is not at a place in their lives to benefit from treatment. Determining a person’s stage of change is significant. Someone who is going to be successful in treatment is able to see that there are problems with their behavior, and is in treatment so they can utilize tools and support to change their behavior. For this reason, clients that score in the Pre-Contemplative (denial and minimization of problem behavior) stage of change are referred to a pre-treatment group. Marion County Parole and Probation offers three different pretreatment groups for offenders who are in the Pre-Contemplative stage of change. The purpose of the pre-treatment groups is to promote an individual’s choice for change and to assist them in moving from the Pre-Contemplative ) stage to an Action (actively doing things to change or modify problem behavior) stage of change. Motivation Group is the first group in the series that a Pre-Contemplative client would attend. Groups are free of charge and clients receive $40 credit on their supervision fees for completing all five sessions of a Motivation Group. The opportunity to facilitate pre-treatment groups was offered to any PO that was interested. For Dep. Carter it just made sense to try something that had the potential to positively affect how they do business. She is currently facilitating her fifth Motivation Group, and recently commented, “I believe that every client that has graduated from Motivation Group leaves with a feeling of accomplishment and at a minimum, a glimpse of hope. Facilitating these groups can be trying and tiring at times, but my clients are no longer just another offender; they are a struggling person who undoubtedly benefits from my expressed belief in their ability to change. I “Marion County Parole and Probation leads the way with regard to Evidenced Based Practices and innovative corrections policy in the state of Oregon. Being a PO here is not just a job to pay the bills; it is a position that demands professional development, character, integrity, and strives to protect our community. We are constantly pushing to create practices and policies that work in serving our county and our clients. I believe in “being the change you want to see in the world” and Marion County Parole and Probation affords me this opportunity every single day.”□ Deputy Lacey Carter PERSPECTIVE Page 27 SPECIALIZED SUPERVISION UNITS The Parole and Probation Division has embraced Evidence-Based Practices (EBP) and Community Policing as guiding philosophies to deliver supervision service to our offender population. Key EBP components of this division are the use of assessments, case plans, motivational interviewing and how we utilize sanctions and services that reduce risk and promote offender change. have created specialized units to more accurately supervise our offenders and to better meet their needs and the needs of our community. These units include: Domestic Violence Special Services Sex Offender Drug Endangered Children Limited Supervision General Supervision Drug Endangered Children Unit Two deputies supervise caseloads of about 55 offenders from a population where children are often located in unsanitary homes and/or there has been a drugrelated crime committed. Deputies work closely with DHS with the goal of reuniting a family or deeming that reunification is not appropriate. POs checking on a client during a home visit. • • • • The Division currently has over 4,200 active • offenders on parole, post-prison supervision • and probation. Within this population we Domestic Violence Unit A six person team that supervises 450 offenders for domestic violence related crimes. Assessment of risk is a key component in the review process to ensure supervision resources are focused on offenders who pose the greatest risk to their victims and the community. Limited Supervision Unit LSU monitors the 1,300+ offenders who are deemed low risk or “limited risk” by an assessment. Offenders who display any threat to public safety while on limited supervision are moved out of the unit. Sex Offender Unit Special Services Unit It is widely known that the majority of crimes are committed by a relatively small percentage of the criminal population. SSU consists of four deputies who utilize special skills and techniques for managing a group of offenders who have been deemed career criminals. This unit also includes offenders who may be gang related. 530 offenders are supervised by seven Deputies in this unit. Three contract treatment providers work with offenders as well. This unit is responsible for compliance with mandates of community notification. 130 low-risk sex offenders are on limited supervision by this unit as well. General Supervision Unit Consisting of ten Deputies, this unit supervises 680+ offenders, for mostly property crimes and drug offenses. This is a demanding unit with a high volume of cases transferring in and out each week. MARION COUNTY SHERIFF'S OFFICE - PAROLE & PROBATION DIVISION Total Cases High risk Med. Risk Low Risk Ltd. Risk Other CASELOAD DISTRIBUTION FOR DECEMBER 2008 4,291 674 1,520 1,012 899 186 Felonies Misdemeanors 88.2% 11.8% Post Prison Parole Post Pris/Par Probation Local Contr./PPS 41.3% 2.0% 0.3% 53.8% 2.6% 2,484 cases divided by 34 case carrying POs = 73 cases per PO Page 28 RETIREMENTS Sgt. Jim Berka—20 Years of Service Dee Burdick—25 Years of Service Dep. Elaine Clarke—13 Years of Service Dep. Randy Corey—27 Years of Service Dep. Bill Jordan—22 Years of Service Dep. Larry Seeley—27 Years of Service Undersheriff Mike Wilkerson—33 Years of Service Retiring Undersheriff Mike Wilkerson and Sheriff Isham PROMOTIONS Jay Bergmann—Sergeant Shane Burnham—Sergeant Kristin Knutson—Sergeant Dan Ogle—Sergeant Kevin Schultz—Commander Jeff Wagner—Lieutenant Jason Myers—Undersheriff “If your actions inspire others to dream more, learn more, do more and become more, you are a leader.” John Quincy Adams SERVICE AWARDS Debbie Johnson Dawn Kennard Sarah Lapham Dana McCurry Joe Wallace Sarah Wassom Jerry Wollenschlaeger Tammy Zepeda Bill Guest Donna Hefty Janice Herber D'Lynn Jacobs-Long Alan Jaskoski Dee Kelley Sheila Lorance Irene Muraviov Debbie Myers 15 YEARS OF SERVICE Dan Ogle Jean Peterson Todd Bay Bill Sherburn Chris Cypert Kevin Schultz Millie Hoppe Tim Steele Tony Lagler Derrell Maddy 25 YEARS OF SERVICE Dyan Sheets Cindy Estrada Debra Wagner Greg Sparks 20 YEARS OF SERVICE Thank you for your dedicaJim Berka tion to this office and to the Dale Bradley people of Marion County! Phyllis Featherstone Sheriff Isham swears in new Undersheriff Jason Myers 5 YEARS OF SERVICE Annette Chrisemer Steve Duncan Curt Henckel Nancy Hubbard Scott Kometz Peggy Lowery Chris Mendez Andrea Morley Heath Nelson Shawn O'Brien Connie Phillis Sally Ramsey Gabe Reece Marcela Sedivy Brian Sutter Wendy Webb 10 YEARS OF SERVICE Mike Beach Paul Beatty Ron Cereghino Erik Douglass Tina Gushard Cindy Harding Bronson Hoppe Page 29 Page 29 ANNUAL EMPLOYEE AWARDS DEPUTY OF THE YEAR SUPERVISOR OF THE YEAR SUPPORT STAFF OF THE YEAR RESERVE OF THE YEAR Dep. Dave Wagner Dep. Rochelle Lamar Dep. Lacey Carter Dep. Alicia O’Neill Cmdr. Doug Garrett Cmdr. Jeff Holland Cmdr. Troy Clausen Lt. Sheila Lorance Melinda Hilgers Carol McMann Jean Peterson Wayne Francis Sara Zavala Dep. Jon Heuberger VOLUNTEER OF THE YEAR Doug White & Bill Foote LIFESAVING AWARDS n July 11th, 2008, Mark Jones, a Parole & Probaarly on July 20, 2008, a caller ran to a neighbor’s tion Deputy with the Marion County Sheriff’s house to call 911 to report that her daughter had Office, attended the Marion County Drug Court. just been stabbed by her daughter’s brother-inDrug Court is a weekly occurrence which requires cer- law. The ensuing call was as high stress as they come. tain Parole & Probation clients to attend to speak be- When entry was made into the residence, the man barrifore a Judge and a PO to discuss treatment, the events caded himself in a bedroom of the residence, taking the of the week and their progress. One of Dep. Jones’ daughter as hostage. He had already stabbed the probation clients who was scheduled to appear at Drug woman and himself, and the injuries were visible to Court did not show up. Drug Court is a weekly ap- deputies on scene. Attempts at negotiations were made, pointment for the client, and it was unusual for him to but the man escalated and the deputies entered the room not show up. As a PO, Dep. Jones supervises 55 offend- with the intent to stop the impending murder. ers in the community. He gets to know their needs, patterns, habits and other personal traits. As Drug When the team entered, one portion of the team drew the suspect’s attention to a window and pulled the female Court wrapped up, Dep. Jones victim away, while another portion of the checked the client’s electronic moniteam presented lethal and less lethal toring device, which showed him to “Employees who perform lifesaving force options in subduing and arresting be at his home address. Dep. Jones drove to the home to check on him. techniques and effectively save the the man. The team began immediately When there was no answer at the life of another human being may be administering aid to the man until meddoor, Dep. Jones phoned another per- awarded the Lifesaving Award.” ics were able to enter. son who lived in the same building The quick pace that the call took, the who pointed out which window was cohesiveness of the team and the willthe client’s. Dep. Jones checked the window, which ingness to act on each one’s part meant that two people was open, and observed the client lying on the bed in were saved that day. Both the suspect and the victim obvious need of medical attention. He called 911 to needed surgeries and extensive hospitalization; howhave police and medics respond. Salem Police Depart- ever, both are alive today because of the swift and deciment responded and forced entry. When medics were sive actions of the team. allowed to enter, they discovered that Dep. Jones’ client had swallowed pills and cut his stomach open in a Dep. Bob Arnsmeier, Dep. Elsa Navarro, Dep. Jeff Nicoloff, Dep. Jeff Stutrud, Dep. Lance Weitman, Dep. suicide attempt. Matt Hagan, Dep. Nancy Hubbard, Dep. Pete Marcellais, Had it not been for Dep. Jones’ persistence in following Dep. Shawn Bush and Dep. Mat LaCrosse and Lt. Dan up, his client would have most likely died. Dep. Jones Connor were awarded the Lifesaving Award. We conwas awarded a Lifesaving Award for going the extra gratulate each of them. □ mile in this situation. We congratulate Dep. Jones, and we appreciate his work as a Parole & Probation Deputy. □ O E Page 30 IN MEMORY OF... Deputy Kelly J. Fredinburg EOW 6-16-07 This page is dedicated to the memory of Kelly J. Fredinburg, a Marion County Sheriff Deputy who gave his life to the citizens of Marion County during the course of his duties. Dep. Fredinburg began his career as a Deputy in Polk County and came to work in Marion County in 2006. Tragically, on June 16, 2007, Dep. Fredinburg was killed in a motor vehicle accident while traveling to a call for assistance. We will forever remember him, and we honor his sacrifice. Deputy Jeff Nicoloff and a Trooper salute the United States flag during a Memorial Ceremony. Marion County Sheriff’s Office 100 High St. NE Salem, OR 97301 Phone: 503-58-5094 Fax: 503-588-7931 E-mail: sheriff@co.marion.or.us Check out our website: www.GoMCSO.com “Your Partner in Public Safety”