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Ghana
Good governance for water,
sanitation and hygiene services
Achieving pro-poor decentralised
services that are sustainable
Objectives of this presentation
To address the following
What is governance?
What is good governance?
What is water governance?
What is local governance for water, sanitation and
hygiene services?
What are the key elements of a service?
How is good governance put into practice for
WASH services?
Definition of governance
There are many definitions of governance
Some place more emphasis on the role of
government
Others focus on the interaction between different
role players and the need for co-operation
Most definitions refer to decision making and
how this takes place in relation to public goods
and services
Most recognise that governance is much more
than government
What is governance?
Governance is about the processes by which
decisions are made and implemented
It is the result of interactions, relationships and
networks between the different sectors
(government, public sector, private sector and
civil society) to ensure optimal services
It involves decisions, negotiation, and different
power relations between stakeholders to
determine who gets what, when and how.
Governance stakeholders
Governance involves more than government -
many stakeholders are involved
All those with a legitimate interest in the outcome
of a decision-making process have a right to be
involved
Stakeholders include communities, governmental
organisations such as municipalities, utilities and
other state owned entities, as well as service
providers, capacity building organisations, NGOs,
contributors of finance, the users of services and
organisations that support them.
Systems of governance
Systems of governance range from centralised,
top down approaches to those that are more
decentralised and participatory
Increasingly WASH services are being
decentralised
Good governance for WASH services will
therefore require participatory approaches that
are shaped by stakeholders and their
relationships at the local level
What is good governance?
Good governance involves constructive co-operation
between the different sectors where the result is:
efficient use of resources
responsible use of power, and
effective and sustainable service provision
Good governance emerges when stakeholders
engage and participate with each other in an
inclusive, transparent and accountable manner to
accomplish better services free of corruption and
abuse, and within the rule of law
Good
governance?
This photo is from
South Africa, taken
in October 2007
Police were brought in to
manage community protest
over poor services in the
Western Cape
Good governance?
Decentralisation
Fair legislation
Public finance for
decentralization
Gender
and
mainstreamin
accountability
g Responsive
services
Inclusive of all Promotion of
members of democracy
society Protection of
the
environment Strengthening
Protection of civil society
human rights
Consensus
Transparency,
about society’s
equity,
best interests
accountability
Commitment to good governance
Countries need to create their own good
governance frameworks, through locally led
participatory processes.
“Without „good‟, or at least „good enough‟,
governance the fight against poverty cannot be
won.” (1)
(1) Dfid, 2007: Governance, Development and Democratic Politics: DFID‟s work in building more
effective states
What is water governance?
Water governance is the set of systems that control
decision-making of water management and water
service delivery
Water governance is about who gets what water,
when and how
Water governance is profoundly political particularly
where there is competition for limited water
resources
Systems of water governance usually reflect the
political and cultural realities at national, provincial
and local levels
More effective water governance
Needs to address:
Policy and legislative frameworks that protect
water resources and ensure water for social and
economic development
Institutions for water management that facilitate
participation of all stakeholders in a transparent,
accountable, gender sensitive and equitable manner
Decisions making mechanisms and regulation
that achieve responsible use of political power,
optimal use of resources, sustainable development
and ecological sustainability
Good water governance requires a
multi-dimensional approach
Multi-jurisdictional engagement (local,
municipal, provincial, national, international)
Multi-purpose development
Multi-sector planning
Multi-sector management
Multi-stakeholder institutions
Multi-purpose support and regulation
What is local governance?
Local governance is the set of:
policy frameworks
structures
mechanisms
relationships and
decision making
that takes place at the local level to deliver a service
Local governance varies from country to country
It depends upon the constitution, policy and legislation
of a country
The greater decentralisation, the more developed local
governance frameworks are likely to be
National Framework:
constitutional, policy, legislative
and fiscal environment
Enabling
policy
frameworks
Participatory
Collaborative decision
stakeholder making
relationships Good local processes
governance
Inclusive
implementation Efficient,
processes effective and
responsive
Mechanisms for services
participation,
responsiveness, equity,
inclusiveness, transparency,
and accountability
Getting governance right
According to the Water
Budget Speech all sorts of
arrangements have been
made to improve water
governance which will allow
“communities to participate in
their own development”
What is local governance for water,
sanitation and hygiene services?
It is the decisions, processes and relationships
governing WASH services at the local level
It involves all stakeholders who have an
interest or role in WASH services, including
the public, private and civil society sectors
Because water is key to development, local
governance of WASH involves all those
stakeholders involved in integrated
development
Ghana
Local governance for WASH services
National policy and legislative framework
Local Governance
Water Sanitation
WASH
Hygiene
WASH governance is broader than
water, sanitation and hygiene
WASH governance is Electricity
part of governance
for local integrated Water
development
Health
Integrated
Sanitation Development
and Hygiene
Waste
management
Housing
Transport
Good governance for sustainable
WASH services
Good governance for sustainable WASH
services includes all the relationships,
mechanisms, processes, and institutions
through which stakeholders can mediate
their interests, exercise their rights and
obligations and make decisions for the
delivery and provision of services
Good governance for sustainable
WASH services means:
Advocacy and communication to promote WASH
services so that communities can express demand and
make choices
Structures for participatory strategic planning where
all stakeholders come together to make good decisions
Financial mechanisms which include cost recovery
and innovative methods of finance
Sharing knowledge and information to empower local
stakeholders to participate in problem solving, planning
and strategic decision making and to improve their
capacity to act
Good governance for sustainable
WASH services means:
Capacity building so that the capabilities, expertise
and skills in local WASH institutions are retained and
developed to improve the delivery of services.
Mechanisms to ensure access to transparent, gender
sensitive, and equitable services
Ensuring an enabling environment for service
provision, so that, service providers have access to
support, such as skills development, specialist
expertise, local supply chains, and other resources
Systems and procedures for accountability,
monitoring, evaluation and reporting
Participatory
Themes to achieve good governance for
and strategic
approach to
Advocacy and Financing and
local
communication cost recovery
governance
WASH services
Sector
Monitoring knowledge
and sharing and
evaluation learning
Good
governance for
WASH services
Sanitation,
Support to school
community sanitation and
institutions hygiene
Transparency Capacity
gender and development
equity Multiple use
services
How is good governance put into
practice for WASH services?
Good governance cannot be applied in a
vacuum
It needs to be applied to the different
elements of WASH services – from policy,
through to planning, to financing, to
developing infrastructure, to providing the
service and ultimately to regulation
Good governance from policy to
sustainable services
It needs to address
the entire service
delivery „life cycle
Policy Planning Financing Implementation Service Provision
(infrastructure (sustainable
development) services)
The development of good policies require:
participation, advocacy, communication, The same applies to planning
gender equity, transparency, monitoring services, deciding tariffs and
and feedback, support, accountability, subsidies, implementing capital
sector knowledge sharing, and so on. projects and ultimately
providing the service
Key elements to deliver WASH services
Infrastructure
4 Institutional
Finance
3 5 arrangements for
Delivering service provision
WASH
services
2 6 Regulation
Planning
1
Policies and
bylaws (enabling
environment)
Key elements to deliver a service
An enabling environment which at the local level
includes the policies and bylaws within which water,
sanitation and hygiene services must be delivered
Planning services (for the municipal / district / local
area)
Finance (capital and operating and setting tariffs)
Infrastructure (development of new infrastructure and
maintaining existing infrastructure)
institutional arrangements for the ongoing provision of
the services (a water service provider)
regulating the service to ensure that it is provided
according to the policy and bylaws.
Cost recovery
Monitoring and innovative
and finance
evaluation Sector
knowledge
sharing and
Infrastructure
learning
Advocacy and Institutional
communication arrangements for
Finance service provision
Water, sanitation
and hygiene Multiple use
services
Participatory services (WASH)
and strategic Planning Regulation
approach to
local
governance Policies and bylaws Capacity
(enabling environment) development
Support to
community
institutions
Gender and
Transparency
equity
