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Harmony is a sense of unity and togetherness, a genuine sense of wanting to be together. “An eye for an eye will make the whole world
CHRISTIAN AND JEWISH TEACHING ON FORGIVENESS blind”. GHANDI
What causes conflict in a relationship?
Do to others what you would have them do to you, for this sums up the Law and the Prophets Golden rule
Lying Committing adultery Losing trust Being dishonest Physical harm being placed on another person Financial problems
Secualr groups: CHRISTIAN JEWISH
The UN and G8 Neve Shalom, Oasis of Peace, The teachings of Jesus Teachings from the
Corrymeela is in Northern also known as Wāħat as- from The Beatitudes his Tenakh e.g. treatment
Ireland. Where people of Salām is a cooperative village words from the cross of enemies
all ages and Christian jointly founded by Israeli The actions of Jesus Importance of
“A holy war is a war fought on behalf of God and supported by God.”
MARTIN traditions, (Catholics and Arabs and Jews in an with Zacchaeus repentance(teshuvah)
LUTHER Protestants) who attempt to show that the
KING; Examples of Christians Role of Rosh Hashanah
individually and together two peoples can live side by
LEONARD are committed to the side peacefully, as well as to
forgiving e.g. Martin and the ten days of
BIRD; LEO healing of Social, Religious conduct educational work for Luther King returning
BAECK; and Political divisions that peace, equality and The Lord’s Prayer Only the victim can
GHANDI exist in Northern Ireland understanding between the forgive
and throughout the World. two peoples.
Christian and Jewish teachings on
Individuals and groups who work for peace
forgiveness
“An eye for an eye, a tooth for a
PACIFISM
Peace is the ideal tooth”. Judaism
Pacifism is the
belief that ALL war “Do not take revenge on
JUST WAR PRINCIPLES:
and violence is someone who wrongs you. If
1.PROPER AUTHORITY - war should be
wrong anyone slaps you on the right
declared by a proper authority e.g. a
Ahisma - term cheek, let him slap your left cheek
government or king
If a war is meaning to do no also.” (Matthew 5:39)
2. JUST – the war must be started for a
declared, & they harm (literally: good reason – e.g. self-defense, and not
“Blessed are the peacemakers for
are „called up‟, the avoidance of because of greed, etc..
they are God‟s children” (Matthew
they become violence) 5:9) 3. ESTABLISH GOOD – the war must be
CONSCIENTIOU fought to establish good, or fight evil
S OBJECTORS, „You shall not slay them”
SANCTITY OF LIFE: 4. REASONABLE CHANCE OF SUCCESS – it
as killing people is 2 Kings 6:22
should be possible to win the war
against their “neither shall there be war 5. LAST RESORT – it must be a last resort,
conscience anymore.‟ Micah 4:3 when everything else has been tried, e.g.
The kshatriyas are War is sometimes necessary diplomacy
a group of warriors 6. SUFFICIENT FORCE – the amount of
QUAKERS: This is the
within Hinduism. „Greater love has no man than force used must be only enough to succeed -
most famous Christian
They are considered this, that a man lay down his life no more
pacifist denomination
important people. for his friends.‟ (John 15:13) 7. CIVILIANS - no civilians should be
involved, and no deliberate unnecessary
Tolerance is being able to get along by making allowances, being able to forgive when necessary. cruelty.
Jesus showed in his teaching that all people should be valued: "Love your neighbour as yourself " Mark 12:31
Hindus believe that all life is sacred as we all God has a plan for every human life
have a part of the divine soul – THE ATMAN – in The Hindu way is to choose the
us. This is a part of Brahman therefore to take Roman Catholics – only to action that will do least harm to all
life is against Brahman. This would also create preserve the life of the mother – involved: the mother and father, the
bad karma. life is sacred – starts on foetus and society. Hinduism is
Christians believe that life is a conception – “Thou shall not kill”. therefore generally opposed to
gift from God. The purpose of Church of England – should not abortion except where it is necessary
life is to serve God and so we be encouraged but sometimes is to save the mother's life.
must treat all people as equal, as necessary - “In situations where
they are all in the image of God. the continuance of a pregnancy It is allowed to preserve the mother‟s life;
threatens the life of the mother a rape; disability; mother too young.
termination of pregnancy may be 2 doctors must agree: foetus can‟t be
The word sanctity means purity or justified.” Church Synod viable.
holiness. When it is used to
describe life itself it expressed No actual Bible teaching mentions
Abortion became legal in 1967 [no later than 28
the idea of a preciousness worthy the word abortion
ABORTION weeks]. In 1990 it was changed to 24 weeks.
of the highest respect. Human life is
precious Abortion is the artificial ending of the life of
a foetus in the womb
Sanctity of Life
Artificial insemination In vitro fertilisation (IVF)
Don‟t you know that you yourselves are God‟s temple Egg donation Embryo donation
and that God‟s Spirit lives in you? If anyone destroys Embryology Surrogacy Cloning
God‟s temple, God will destroy him; for God‟s temple is Genetic Engineering Stem cell controversy
sacred, and you are that temple. (1 Corinthians 3:16-17)
Law of Manu (one of their sacred Not all Christians think the same thing
texts) encourages infertile couples to about fertility treatment. Some think
Other ways of keeping people alive: All life adopt a relative that it is a form of mechanical adultery
deserves • AIH and IVF are acceptable as they and so it is morally wrong. Roman
The phrase „life support‟ refers to the respect use sperm and egg from husband and Catholics think this. They also think that
medications and equipment used to keep wife if God didn‟t want you to have a baby then
people alive in medical situations. • The discarded embryos are not you shouldn‟t try to interfere with his
DNRs are Do Not Resuscitate foetuses as no soul (atman) has been wishes. Quite often there are „spare‟
orders. A DNR order on a patient transferred to them embryos formed when IVF is used some
means that a doctor is not required to • AID and embryo donations are not think it is wrong to destroy this life as it
resuscitate that patient. allowed as caste is passed down through is a person from the moment of
Organ Transplants/Removal: the father conception.
To remove a body organ and replace Life should Other Christians say that as Jesus healed
Life is God- people it is not wrong to try to heal people
in a different body. not be
given of their infertility. They say that it is an
destroyed
act of love and Jesus said love your
neighbour as yourself.
AIMS OF PUNISHMENT:
Forgive us … as we forgive those who trespass against us’
RELIGIOUS VIEWS ON PUNISHMENT:
Protection of the public e.g. prison CHRISTIANITY: It is right to obey the government
•Retribution (revenge) and uphold the law (St Paul). Punishment and
•Deterrence forgiveness can go together but there must be reform in
•Reformation – to change a criminal‟s ways e.g. community service order to reconcile the criminal and society. Punishment
•Vindication – people must respect the law or their will be a consequence should rehabilitate offender and
•Reparation – chance to pay for the crime change their behaviour. Prison acceptable but other
AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL: forms of punishment preferred. Christians would turn to
Declaration of Human Rights: organization for human rights the Bible for support and guidance.
Article 1. attempting to end capital HINDUISM: Any form of sin is an act against dharma
•All human beings are born free and equal in punishment and release political (duty). For the Hindu their dharma includes self-
dignity and prisoners. Over 3000 executed control, religious and social duty and customs in religious
Article 2. in 2001 in 31 countries. It ceremonies and worship, good conduct, and their keeping
•Everyone is entitled to all the rights and campaigns through letters, to the law.
freedoms set forth in this Declaration, petitions and emails sent to The rules for varnashramadharma are contained in the
without distinction of any kind, such as race, governments to protest. holy texts and there are punishments or danda. This
colour, sex, language, religion, political or includes retribution, restraint and reformation.
other opinion, national or social origin, WHAT IS CRIME?
property, birth or other status. Religious people who have
•Breaking the law of the country
argued with the state:
Oscar Romero – El Salvador
CAPITAL PUNISHMENT: Abolished in Britain in Mahatma Ghandi - India
1970 RELIGIOUS VIEWS ON CAPITAL PUNISHMENT:
The Suffragettes:
•Hanging, firing squad, stoning, electric chair or CHRISTIANITY: Some support it as a deterrent
lethal injection but others believe that other forms of punishment
are preferable. Quakers believe reform is always In 1903 Emmeline Pankhurst and her
AGAINST:
possible. daughters Christabel and Sylvia
•Innocent people have been executed
founded the Women‟s Social and
•No evidence of it being a deterrent HINSUISM: Political Union. They wanted women to
•Other alternatives e.g. prison also protects society "An eye for an eye ends up making the whole world
have the right to vote and they were
•Life is sacred blind" Gandhi not prepared to wait. The Union became
•Only God can judge others There is no official Hindu line on capital punishment. known as the Suffragettes. They
•Barbaric mentally and physically However, Hinduism opposes killing, violence and harassed politicians, burned churches,
FOR: revenge, in line with the principle of ahimsa (non- chained themselves to the railings
•Deterrent violence). At present more than 100 people are on outside Buckingham Palace, shouted
•„An eye for an eye‟ – certain criminals deserve to die death row in India, although the number of
abuse outside Parliament and refused to
•Protects the public and stops re-offending executions in that country is actually very low and pay taxes.
•Many criminals in prison are allowed parole the Indian Supreme Court has ruled that the death They were imprisoned but went on
•Cheaper than prison penalty should only be used in the rarest of rare hunger strike. Still women did not get
cases. the vote. In 1913 Emily Davison died
after trying to grab the reins of the
“Render to Caesar the things that are Caesar‟s and to God the things that
king‟s horse in the Derby. in 1918 the
are God‟s.” Mark 12: 17
full vote was given to women of age 30
“How many times do I have to forgive him?” Jesus replied, “Seventy times seven.” and older.
“Thus it is written, and thus it was necessary for the Christ to suffer.” Luke 24: 46 “He testified beforehand the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow.”. I Peter 1:10-11
“Love suffers longand is kind.” I Corinthians 13:4
Some Christians believe the devil is a fallen angel who tries
References to Satan/The Devil can be found in the Bible in: to fight against God and tempt humans.
Genesis 3 – The story of Adam and Eve. The serpent who led them astray Other Christians believe the devil is not real but symbolises
is understood to have been the Devil in disguise all the evil in the world.
The Book of Job – The story of a good man Job, tested by the Devil to
see if he would give up his faith when everything in his life went What is Karma? It is believed by Hindus that if
disastrously wrong In Christianity, the something bad happens to you it is because you
suffering of Jesus on have done something bad, either recently or in a
Matthew Chapter 4 – Jesus is tested by the Devil the cross is seen as a previous life; you have bad karma. Similarly, if
great example, as an something good happens to you, you have good
innocent man is put to karma. If humans have lived a bad life overall,
Moral Evil- suffering caused by Humans like murder death in a most cruel they will probably be born as a less favourable
Natural Evil- suffering caused by nature like earthquakes way. His death is being, possibly an animal or a human in a lower
followed by the caste. Similarly if a human has created good
Theist – believer resurrection, which karma throughout their life, they will probably be
Atheist – non- gives hope to all who born as a more favourable being, possibly a
Benevolent- All Loving believer suffer. wealthier person or a guru (religious teacher).
Omnipotent- All Powerful Agnostic - unsure
Omniscient- All Knowing
Omnipresent – Everywhere How can such a God allow evil and suffering to take place in the world
that he created? Reincarnation: Rebirth
Jesus and suffering:
Jesus taught that his followers should overcome suffering with goodness.
of the soul
This meant „turning the other cheek‟ in the face of hostility or Samsara: is the cycle of
unkindness. He told many stories to illustrate this idea, such as the Good rebirth and that
Samaritan. By continually doing good in the face of evil and wrongdoing, after
Christians believe it will be overcome. To do this requires God‟s help we are reborn into
through the Holy Spirit. When God made
humans he did not want a new body.
Christian response to suffering and evil: us to be like puppets Moksha: is achieved when
•All suffering both natural and man made is man‟s fault. on strings, only doing we realise our i
•The story of the fall of man (when Adam and Eve ate the Apple) explains what he wanted. So
that suffering and evil came into God‟s perfect creation because of dentity with
instead he made
human disobedience. humans to have a God. Moksha
•All suffering came out of human‟s free choice. choice; to chose how means the
•Evil and suffering is a test from God. Without bad we would not be able we want to behave. destruction of
to judge who and what is good. Basically he wanted us delusion.
to have the FREEDOM
CAFOD – Catholic Fund For Overseas Development – raises funds to Atman: The soul
to be Good or Bad.
support projects with the poor. Example of one of it‟s schemes is THE
COMMUNITY TAKING RESPONSIBILITY FOR IT‟S CHILDREN in Every Hindu should do their dharma (duty).
Brazil.
SEWA – established in 1972 in India to help poor, self-employed women. “And if one member suffers, all the members suffer.” I Corinthians 12:26
Holy
Rules of Behaviour in a Church:
Ornate decorations Images Music Something to be revered or
1.No talking during the sermon or Bible reading
respected above other things
2.No smoking inside
Why do people need a place of worship? Deriving from God or religion
3.Men remove caps or hats on entering
The building has a feeling of holiness; it‟s sacred. Something special and sacred
4.Avoid eating in the main sanctuary
It‟s a religious duty to attend a place of worship. 5.Make sure mobile phones are off
It‟s good to meet with others to worship. Symbolism
People feel close to God in it. Holy Communion /
Objects/actions that
There‟s a sense of community spirit there. Eucharist
have special meaning
Bread – Jesus‟ body
Symbols/artefacts Wine – Jesus‟ blood
Church: The five main features of a Church are: Catholics – literal
For people of a religious faith, one way of ALTAR Others - symbolism
expressing their faith is by going to a place PUPLIT
of worship. The purpose of a building is LECTERN The Mandir – Hindu temple
likely to show in the way it is designed. FONT STAINED GLASS WINDOWS Incense – purify aer and for gods
No shoes - respect
Religious Buildings No chairs – evryone equal
Sacred Mahamandapa – main prayer hall
Something special that should be respected Rules of behaviour in a Mandir: Garbagriha – altar for the gods
Set apart and dedicated to God 1. Removing shoes before entering Bhagavad Gita – holy book
2. Partaking of prashad Bottle of water from the Ganges
3. Treating murtis with respect Aum – sacred symbol
Places of Pilgrimage Swastika – good fortune symbol
Puja is the act of showing reverence Sikhara – above the altar, symbol of
PILGRIMAGE Every religion has a special place which to a god.” the many Hindu temples
means a lot to the followers of that particular religion because: Arti is the ceremony of lighting Murtis – statues of the gods
•Of their connection with the founder or an important person the lamp during Puja
within that religion,
•An important event or experience, Mission, Evangelism and Interfaith Dialogue
MISSION: The word means „The act of
•They go there to show their devotion to the religion,sending‟ or „the duty on which a person Within some religions, there is an expectation or an
•To be a witness to the religion, is sent‟. In religion it is referred to act emphasis on making an effort to tell other people
•To grow spiritually through the experience. of going out to preach the faith to about the faith. This may take many forms:
others. Interactive Activity Group [e.g. holding vigils];
The Holy Land – Connection with EVANGELISM: The word means „good School assemblies; Street Evangelists; Council of
Jesus e.g. The Church of the Nativity tidings‟ or „the gospel’. In religion it Faiths in cities; groups like Corrymeela; Literature
in Bethlehem; Golgotha (crucifixion); means the way religions spread their tracts.
Garden tomb in Jerusalem. beliefs to others.
"In whatever way men come to me, so I accept
Lourdes – St. Bernadette – visions INTERFAITH DIALOGUE: Discussion
them. For many are the paths of men, but they all
of the Virgin Mary; spring of water between members of different religious
in the end come to me.“ Bhagavad Gita, Chapter
with healing properties. groups.
4,Verse 11:
Ganges/Varanasi – River Ganges – people get cremated here. Brings “Dialogue is an indispensable step along the path towards human sel
spiritual fulfilment and helps bring good karma. 2, 000 temples here. realization.” (Letter of John Paul II, 1995).
