Get documents about "Multimedia Design Issues for Internet Telephony Protocols in Current High Performance Networks
Document Sample
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
MULTIMEDIA DESIGN ISSUES FOR INTERNET TELEPHONY PROTOCOLS IN
CURRENT HIGH PERFORMANCE NETWORKS
A.Jayachandran Dr.R.Dhanasekaran,Principal P. Rajan, Professor in MCA
Asst Prof,CSE Dept dept, PSN College of
PSN College of Engineering Syed Ammal Engineering
college,Ramnad,INDIA Engineering and Technology,
and technology
Tirunelveli,INDIA
Tirunelveli,INDIA
rdhanashekar@yahoo.com prajan1968@gmail.com
jaya1jaya1@gmail.com
ABSTRACT:
1. INTRODUCTION
The rapid growth of media content
distribution[5] on the internet in the past We describe how a scalable system of dense
few years has brought with it Wi-Fi sensors[6,7] can be built
commensurate increases in the cost of inexpensively. We build such a system and
distributing the content. Underlying the evaluate its performance. We provide
internet access trends at a global scheme specific example of why standard
i.e. how people use the internet is a authentication and encryption scheme are in
challenging problem i.e. typically adequate to secure corporate Wi-Fi networks
addressed by network frames. We seek to which motivate our solutions based on
understand the intrinsic reasons for the continuous monitoring of Wi-Fi networks.
well known phenomenon of heavy tailed We show that, to provide comprehensive
degree in the internet. AS graph and coverage for detecting security branches a
anywhere that the contrast to traditional dense deployment of RF sensor is necessary.
model based on preferential attachment Magnetic and electromagnetic sensors do
and centralized optimization the present not require direct physical content and are
degree of the internet can be explained by useful for detecting proximity effects.
the evolution of wealth associated with Magneto resistive effect is a related
each ISP. Our extensive numerical and phenomenon depending on the fact that the
simulation examples have shown that the conductivity varies as the square of the
proposed scheme achieves satisfied applied flux density. Magnetic field sensors
accuracy and computational efficiency. can be used to detect the remote presence of
The effectiveness of the proposed metallic objects. Eddy current sensors use
detection and trace back methods are magnetic probe coils to detect in the metallic
verified through extensive simulations structure such as pipes.
and internet datasets.
Thermal sensors are a family of sensors used
Key words : Peer to peer , Network to measure temperature or heat flux. Most
security, Security policy, Content biological organisms have developed
delivery, 3G/4G networks, Grid and sophisticated temperature sensing systems.
Cloud computing Thermo resistive effects are based on the
231 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
fact that the resistance R changes with 3. Caching and content routing service
temperature T. For moderate changes the capacity
relation is approximately given for many
Multicast over the internet was
metals by ∆R/R = R ∆T with R the
originally proposed at the network
temperature coefficient of resistance. The
layer referred to as multicast.
relationship for silicon is more complicated
However after a decade of research
but it is well understood. Hence silicon is
there are still many hurdles in the
useful for detecting temperature changes.
deployment of IP multicast such as
Resonant temperature sensors rely on the the lack of higher layer
fact that single crystal sio2 exhibit a change functionalities and scalable inter
in resonant frequency depending on domain multicast routing protocols.
temperature change. Since this is a
Data management – A document
frequency effect it is more accurate than
may be portioned into various parts
amplitude change effect and has extreme
permitting concurrent downloading
sensitivity and accuracy for small
from multiple peers[1] , the
temperature changes.
granularity and placement of these is
2. On demand multimedia content critical.
For a large content delivery networks that Peer selection – The mechanism
consists of hundreds are even thousands of whereby a peer is selected as a server
geographically distributed CDN[5] servers may take into account load balancing
like the hierarchical topology of the IP bandwidth availability and
routers on the internet we believe that a differentiate among peers who
hierarchical overlay network topology is contribute more to the community.
required for the CDN servers to perform
Admission and scheduling policy –
content routing and content delivery done
Limiting the number of concurrent
efficiently.
down loaders and/or scheduling to
Step 1: Try to satisfy the users request provide differentiation priority
using local CDN server. among them.
Step 2: If step 1 fails try to satisfy the user Traffic – The request processes for
request using a CDN server inside the documents along with the dynamic
cluster including the local CDN server of how peers stay online and/or
delete documents.
Step 3: If step 2 fails try to satisfy the user
request using a CDN server inside a nearby
cluster
Step 4: If step 3 fails try to satisfy the user
request using the origin server
232 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
4. Methodology (c) Table comparisons
(a) Service capacity – since BT uses Existing:
multiport downloads service
capacity must be carefully Capacity CD delay P2P delay
defined. We estimate the service 1.2626 0.2619 0.2676
capacity as
0.2159 0.2261 4.7244
Effective number of service = Total
storage space / size 0.1960 0.1960 0
(b) The effective number of 0.1757 0.1968 12.0091
replicates available in the system
including partial downloads. 0.1480 0.0.1472 0.5405
Since peers may exist or delete a 0.1360 1.1371 0.0968
file upon completing a download
we can estimate service capacity
based on the following formula
Proposed:
T * Volume – ( Number of finished –
Number of seeds ) * size / size Capacity CD delay P2P
delay
(c)Throughput and delay of each
peer 0.13481 0.13472 0.0668
We estimate the average 0.11180 0.11675 4.4275
instantaneous throughput seen by
0.09929 0.10119 1.9136
each peer as follows
0.066592 0.06587 0.0758
Average throughput per peer =
throughput / number of downloads 0.03264 0.03221 1.3174
0.01649 0.01575 4.4876
We describe a set of network
benchmark for measuring bandwidth
, latency , software overhead which
we have implemented over a wide
variety of networks. We provide data
from these benchmarks for both
small and large message
performance on many of these
233 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
benchmark for both small and large 6. Mobility management in 4G
message performance on many of the networks using IPV6
super computer networks in use
today and compare the performance High speed – 4G[9,10] systems
of MPI to that of lower level network should offer a peak speed of more
API. than 10 Mbits per second in
stationery mode with an average of
Using our results, we examine 20 Mbits per second when traveling.
various application speedups that can
be achieved via network related High network capacity – It should be
optimizations such as overloading at least 10 times that of 3G[9,10]
computations with communications, systems. This will quicken the time
pipelining messages and the use of load time of 10 MB file to 1 second
message packing. We provide a on 4G from 200 seconds on 3G
historical portrait of the trends in enabling high speed video to stream
small message performance over the to phone and create a virtual reality
past 10 years. experience on high resolution hand
set screens fast/seamless handover
5. Resource reservations across multiple networks. 4G
wireless networks[8,11] should
The site manager responsible for a support global roaming across
resource makes a donation to a multiple wireless and mobile
resource broker of its choosing for an networks.
agreed upon number of tokens.
When a user wants to ‘buy’ this Next generation multimedia[4]
resource it contact the responsible support – The underlying network
resource broker and pays the for 4G must be able to support fast
required number of token and when speed and large volume of data
the tokens ‘validity’ is checked get a transmission at a lower cost than
ticket for that resource in return. The today.
ticket is presented to the component
manager responsible for the resource 128 bit address space provides a
which verifies it a authenticity. The sufficiently large number of address.
component manager then gives the High quality support for real time
user access credentials for that audio transmission short/ bursty
resource. The network hierarchy has connections of web applications ,
3 main hierarchical components i.e. peer to peer[1] applications etc.,
user equipment, Radio access Faster packet delivery , decreased
network and core network. cost processing no header checksum
at each relay fragmentation only at
the end points. Smooth hand off
when the mobile host travel from one
234 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
subnet to another. Causing a change Buffer
in its care of address.
7. Range of wireless services and
address allocations
Router
Broadcasting services – It include
IP IP Address
short waves like AM and FM radio
as well as terrestrial television. Addres
Mobile communication of voice and
data – including maritime and
aeronautical mobile for
communications between ship , X.25 packet
Token Ring
airplanes and land mobile for switched
LAN
communications between a fixed
base station and moving size such as Fig 1.1
a taxi fleet and paging services and
This another case that seems to
mobile communications. Either
duplicate lower layer features. Some
between mobile user and a fixed
errors do escape lower layer error
network or between mobile user such
detection. This statement may sound
as mobile telephone services. Fixed
unusual because it implies that even
services either point to point or point
if data link error detection provides
to multi point services. Satellite used
reliable transmission along each link
for broadcasting telecommunications
there is still no guarantee of error
and internet particularly over long
free transmission between the source
distances. Other user including
and destination. Suppose it receives
military radio astronomy
the IP packet intact but an error that
metrological or scientific users.
affect the packet current occur
during reformatting of the frame
Client containing the packet.
Transport
Internet
Server
Network
Interface Transport
Fig 1.2
Internet
Network
Interface
Internet
235 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
A client or server application interact address
directly with a transport layer
protocol to establish common and to Un assigned 011 1/8
send or receive information. The Reserved for 100 1/8
transport layer protocol then uses geographic
lower layer protocol to send or based
receive individual messages , then a unicast
computer needs a complete stack of address
protocols to run either a client or a
server. Un assigned 101 1 / 18
Allocation Prefix Fraction of Un assigned 110 1/8
space address
space Un assigned 1110 1 / 16
Reserved 0000 1 / 256 Un assigned 1111 0 1 / 32
0000 Un assigned 1111 10 1 / 64
Un assigned 0000 1 / 256 Un assigned 1111 1 / 128
0001 110
Reserved for 0000 1 / 128 Un assigned 1111 1 / 512
NSAP 001 1110 0
llocation
Link local 1111 1 / 1024
Reserved for 000 010 1 /128 use address 1110 10
IPX
allocation Size local 1111 1 / 1024
use address 1110 11
Un assigned 0000 1 / 128
011 Multicast 1111 1 / 256
address 1111
Un assigned 0000 1 1 / 32
Un assigned 0001 1 / 16
Un assigned 001 1/8
Provider 010 1/8
based
unicast
236 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
8. Strategic instruments to limit for termination. Such access prices
competition are often negotiated privately
between mobile operators.
A call from a mobile operator to a
fixed line network involves the Wayne Thomson – SAS has been
mobile operator collecting all the one of the first vendors to recognize
revenue for the call but the fixed line the need for operationalizing
network providing the termination of analytics i.e. moving beyond just
the call. As a result, the fixed line knowledge discovery. Open standard
network usually changes for the have been very critical to deploy
termination of mobile to fixed calls. analytical models in a heterogeneous
Typically the termination of mobile environment.
to fixed call is treated in the same
way as the termination of other calls Mike Hockins – We will be
to fixed line networks being announcing our data rush based
regulated on a cost basis. parallel data mining solution for the
summer. Shortly thereafter we
A call from a fixed line network to a expect to announce support for
mobile operator often leads to an reading and writing PMML both at
access price being set by the mobile design time and run time.
operator. In the majority of market
the termination of fixed to mobile Robert Grossmann – I think cloud
calls has been priced many times computing[10] is the disruptive
higher than the termination of mobile technology that will have the greatest
to fixed calls, some times resulting in impact on data mining and predictive
the regulation of fixed to mobile model in the near term.
termination process. An exception is 9. Metrological and scientific issues in
the US where this access price is the internet
same as the mobile to fixed access
price due to the symmetry Processor in the cluster may not be
requirements under the 1996 telecom identical. The communication
act.[2,3] Other exceptions are network may have a regular but
Canada, Hong Kong and Singapore heterogeneous structure. The cluster
where there are no fixed to mobile may be a multi-user computer
termination changes. Instead like the system. This is in particular makes
US mobile operators[4] recover the the performance character of the
cost of terminating fixed to mobile processor dynamic and non identical.
calls from the mobile callers directly. Mobile telecom system with
different type of processor from
A call from a mobile operator to embedded into mobile phones to
another mobile operator may involve central computers processing calls.
mobile operator charging each other
237 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
Embedded control multiprocessor paging all processors are supposed to
system ex. Car, airplanes etc., Given demonstrate the same speed. Each
a set of processors the speed of each processor is characterized by the two
of which is characterized by a parameters i.e. Current CPU
positive constant. utilizations and the size of current
available memory.
Partition is the mathematical object
into sub objects of the same type. The serial code is provided by the
There is one to one mapping between application programmer. It is
the position and the processors. The supposed that the code is
size of each partition is proportional representative for the computations
to the speed of the processor owing performed during the execution of
the partition. Some additional the application. The code is
restrictions to the relationship performed at runtime in the points on
between the partitions are satisfied. the application specified by the
The partitioning minimizes some application programmer. It is
functional, which is used to measure supposed that the code is
each partitioning. The whole representative for the computations
computation is partitioned into a performed during the execution of
number of equal chunks. Each chunk the application. The code is
is performed by separate process. performed at runtime in the points of
The number of process run by each the application specified by the
processor is proportional to the application programmer. Thus the
relative speed of the processor. performed model of the processor
provides current estimation of their
The performance of heterogeneous speed demonstrated on the code
model network of computers representative for the particular
quantifying the ability of the network application. The number of process
to perform computations and executing the algorithm which
communications. Performance model normally of the parameter the
of applications quantifying the model. The total volume of the
computations and communications to computations to be performed by
be performed by the application. each processor during the execution
Performance model of a set of of the algorithm. The total volume of
heterogeneous processor which is data transferred between each pair of
used to estimate the execution time the process during the execution of
of computations. Performance model the algorithm.
of communication network which is
necessary to predict the execution Currently owned and used space
time of communication operations. from the data user ISP’s. New space
In the operation of external load and obtained by directly from internet
238 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
(IJCSIS) International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security,
Vol. 9, No. 5, May 2011
registries. Customer space private API – Application program interface
autonomous system currently owned
and used data center. A new AS SAS – Source address service
obtained directly from customer PMMI – Phase modulation mobile interface
internet registries. One to one, One
to many, Many to one and Many to NAT – Network address technology
many relationships are possible. 25%
VNT – Virtual network terminal
of the new space must be utilized
immediately and 50% of the space is References
used within one year. To get more
space and the added space must be 1. Analysis of peer to peer internet
utilized as 80%. The private IP telephony protocols by Salman A
address conflict with other customer Basket
networks. When the network
2. Cyber security threats and counter
communication is initiated and
measures by Buheita Fujiwara
where the application that need to be
run and that can be work across NAT 3. Network security policy by Frederic
boundaries.[10,11] M Avolio July 2007
Conclusion 4. Multimedia content delivery
networks by Jian Ni and H K Tsang
In this paper we presented an
alternative theory of the internet evolution 5. Evaluation of current high
and developed a new topology generator performance networks by Paul
based on wealth evolution and random Hargrove
walks. Our method reconfigures the VNT
gradually by dividing it into multiple stages. 6. Enhancing the security of Wi-Fi
This would reduce dramatically the sites of networks by Paramvir Bahl
matrices whose pseudo inverse matrices 7. Wireless sensor networks by F L
needed to be calculated at each stage. The lewis
eventual goal is the practical design of each
scheme to achieve the performance outlined 8. Flexible resource allocation in 3G
in this paper. networks by Mohamed Al-Fares
Abbreviations 9. Wireless communications by Joshua
S Gans
ISP – Internet service Protocol
10. Open standard and cloud computing
RFC – Requested flow control by Michael Zeller Zementics
CDN – Content delivery networks 11. High performance grid computing by
MPI – Multi Program Interface Jack Dongarra
239 http://sites.google.com/site/ijcsis/
ISSN 1947-5500
Related docs
Other docs by ijcsiseditor
Digital Images Encryption in Spatial Domain Based on Singular Value Decomposition and Cellular Automata
Views: 0 | Downloads: 0
Agent Behavior in Multiagent Systems: Issues and Challenges in Design, Development and Implementation
Views: 1 | Downloads: 0
Optimizing Cost, Delay, Packet Loss and Network Load in AODV Routing Protocols
Views: 2 | Downloads: 0
