Rusiko Velidze - Geo

							                  kavkasiis kvleviTi resursebis centrisaTvis




           angariSi


kvlevis Tema                    galis raionis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTveli
                                mosaxleobis gamokiTxva



kvlevis meTodologia             Tvisebrivi kvlevis CaRrmavebuli intervius
                                meTodi



Semsrulebeli                    rusudan veliZe



kvlevis periodi                 noemberi, 2005 weli




                                      1
                                                   sarCevi


1      teqnikuri angariSi.................................... 3

1.1 ........................................                                          kvlevis miznebi                 3

1.2 ....................................                                      kvlevis meTodologia                     3

1.3 ................................................                                                 SerCeva          4

2 ZiriTadi mignebebi: ........................................................................................... 5

3      angariSis ZiriTadi nawili ....................................................................... 8

3.1 .............................                                zogadi mdgomareoba raionSi                           8

3.2 .      teritoriaze mosaxleobis dabrunebis vadebi da motivacia                                                     12

3.3 ...............................                                  warsulis mokle mimoxilva                         14

3.4 ..............                  mosaxleobis zogad-politikuri Sexedulebebi                                         17

3.5 .........             damokidebuleba saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mimarT                                              18

3.6 ..............................                                 mosazrebebi politikosebze                          20

3.7 ...........               mosazrebebi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Taobaze                                            21

3.8 ...........               damokidebuleba afxazeTis xelisuflebis mimarT                                            23

3.9 afxazeTis samarTaldamcavi struqturis mimarT damokidebuleba 25

3.10 mosazrebebi afxaz mosaxleobaze ...................... 27

3.11 afxazeTis mdgomareoba da perspeqtivebi .............. 28

3.12 damokidebuleba ruseTis politikis mimarT ............. 31

3.13 ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba .......................... 32

3.14 jandacvis sferos momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba ....... 34

3.15 sainformacio wyaroebi ............................... 35

3.16 momavlis mimarT damokidebuleba ...................... 36



                                                        2
 1     teqnikuri angariSi


 1.1 kvlevis miznebi

kvlevis mizans warmoadgenda galis raionSi mcxovreb respondentebis gamokiTxva, maTi
cxovrebiseuli pirobebis Seswavlis mizniT. aRniSnuli sakiTxebis sakvlevad gamoiyo Semdegi
erTeulebi:

      galis raionis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobis socialuri da ekonomikuri
        mdgomareobis dadgena da gatarebuli wlebis dawvrilebiTi aRwera;
      mosazrebebisa da argumentaciis gamovlena, romliTac operirebs mosaxleoba, rodesac
        saubroben saqarTveloSi gaerTianebaze;
      galis raionis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobis zogad-politikuri Sexedulebebi;
      gansxvavebebisa da respondentebis kmayofileba\ukmayofilebis dadgena da argumentacia
        dRevandel realobasa da im periods Soris, rodesac afxazeTi imyofeboda saqarTvelos
        iurisdiqciis qveS;
      galis raionis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobisaTvis ganaTlebis miRebis
        xelmisawvdomoba da arsebuli problemebi;
      galis raionis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobisaTvis jandacvis sferoSi
        momsaxurebis miRebis xelmisawvdomoba;
      galis raionis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobisaTvis ZiriTadi sainformacio
        wyaroebis dadgena;



 1.2 kvlevis meTodologia


kvlevisaTvis gamoiyenebul iqna Tvisebrivi kvlevis CaRrmavebuli intervius meTodi.


kvlevis farglebSi gamoikiTxa afxazeTis teritoriaze, galis raionSi mcxovreb qarTul mosaxleobaSi
60 respondenti.




                                                3
gamokiTxva Catarda rogorc galSi, aseve galis raionis oTx sofelSi: aCegvara, oqumi, Wuburxinji
da Tagiloni.


gali– 20 respondenti
aCegvara – 10 respondenti
oqumi – 10 respondenti
Wuburxinji – 5 respondenti
Tagiloni – 10 respondenti
intervius saSualo xangrZlivoba – 60-80 wuTi.



 1.3 SerCeva


respondentebis SerCeva moxda konfliqtis zonaSi, galis raionSi mcxovreb qarTul mosaxleobaSi.
respondentTa SerCevis mizniT, galis raionze arCevani gakeTda Semdegi mizezebis gamo:

  afxazeTis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTuli mosaxleobis mniSvnelovani raodenoba cxovrobs
     galis raionSi;


  galis raionis teritoriaze SesaZlebelia kvlevis Catareba usafrTxoebis TvalsazrisiT;


  galis raionis mosaxleobis informirebulobis done afxazeTSi mimdinare movlenebisadmi
     Seesabameba soxumSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobis informirebulobis dones.

respodentTa Soris sqesobrivi da asakobrivi qvotis dacva moxda Semdegnairad: gamoikiTxa 18
wlis zemoT yvela asakobrivi kategoria, maT Soris, 35 qali da 25 kaci.

velis sirTuleebi


savele samuSaos mimdinareobas Tan axlda garkveuli tipis problemebi:


  gadaadgileba galis teritoriaze moxda sazRvarze afxazi mesazRvreebis winaswari
     gafrTxilebis Sedegad, mgzavrobis usafrTxoobis garantiis mizniT. sazRvris gadakveTis
     Semdeg, galis soflebs Soris mimosvla problemas aRar warmoadgenda;




                                               4
  mosaxleobis mxridan adgili hqonda informaciis dafarvis mcdelobas, rac gamowveuli iyo
       raionSi myof afxazur mxaremde informaciis gaJonvis SiSiT;


  pirvel dRes respodentebi uars ambobdnen interviuze, ris gamoc Catarda mxolod 4 interviu;


problemis mogvareba moxerxda respondetebis darwmunebiT, rom maT mier mowodebuli
informacia konfidencialuria da ganzogadebuli saxiT aisaxeboda angariSSi. intervius msvlelobis
dros xdeboda maTi darwmuneba, rom kvleva tardeboda galis raionSi arsebuli problemebis
gamovlenis mizniT, rac Sesabamis struqturebs saSualebas miscemda, galis raionis qarTveli
mosaxleobis azrebis gaTvaliswinebiT, gadaeWraT problemebi.


arsebuli sayofacxovrebo pirobebis dadebiT da uaryofiT mxareebze saubrisgan intervius
dasawyisSi respodentebi       Tavs ikavebdnen. Tumca, problemebis simwvavem da am
problemebiT dainteresebuli mxaris gamoCenam intervius procesSi maTi gulaxdiloba
gamoiwvia.




                                  2   ZiriTadi mignebebi:


kvlevam aCvena, rom galis raionSi socialuri-ekonomikuri da yofiTi pirobebi sakmaod mZimea.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebis cvlilebis Semdgom periodSi, galis teritoriaze dabrunebuli qarTveli
mosaxleobis ricxvi mniSvnelovnad gaizarda.

dabrunebis erT-erTi mTavars mizezs      ekonomikuri problemebi da saxl-karis uqonloba
warmoadgens. afxazeTis teritoriaze dabrunebis Semdeg qarTveli mosaxleobis ekonomikuri
mdgomareoba kvlav Zalian mZimea. gaumjobesebas SEemdegi mizezebi uSlis xels:

       omis Semdeg miwis nakveTebi mniSvnelovnad dazaralda, ris Sedegadac mosavlianoba
        Semcirda da maT aRdgenas garkveuli dro sWirdeba;
       afxazebis mxridan dawesebuli aqvT gadasaxadi naturaluri produqtis saxiT. gadasaxadis
        odenoba mosavlianobis mixedviT, sxvadasxva sofelSi gansxvavebulia da yovelwliurad
        icvleba;
       mosavlis aRebis periodSi raionSi xSiria yaCaRoba da xSirad mosaxleobas
        gadasaxadisTvisac araferi rCeba;
       raionSi arsebuli, egreTwodebuli, miliciis nawilebis mier, gadasaxadis dagvianebis
        SemTxvevaSi, xSirad ormagi odenobis produqtis an Tanxis CamorTmeva xdeba
        (ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos sazRvris gadakveTis dros.).


                                              5
respondentebi ZiriTadad, erTnairad aRweren regionSi politikur mdgomareobas, maTi
Sexedulebebi politikuri da ekonomikuri krizisis daZlevasTan dakavSirebiT msgavsia. isini
erTnairi TanamimdevrobiT aRweren omis Semdgom periodSi politikuri viTarebis cvlilebas.
afxazeTis problemebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebuli Zvrebis molodinSi, am teritoriis qarTveli
mosaxleoba yuradRebiT adevnebs Tvals politikur cxovrebas da Zalze politizirebulia.


 1. SevardnaZis xelisuflebis mimarT damokidebuleba


gamokiTxulTa didi nawili Zveli mTavrobis mimarT Zalze uaryofiTad aris ganwyobili. pirvel
rigSi, TiToeuli maTgani darwmunebulia imaSi, rom omi xelovnurad iyo gamowveuli da misi
Tavidan acileba advilad iyo SesaZlebeli, Tu ara SevardnaZis moRalate mTavroba, romelmac
maTi azriT, movlenebis aseTnair ganviTarebas araTu xeli SeuSala, piriqiT TviTon iyo misi
avtori. amis magaliTad moyavT samegrelosa da afxazeTis teritoriaze "mSvidobisdamcveli"
mxedrionis Sesvla, rac maTi azriT afxazeTis omis mTavari maprovocirebeli faqtori iyo. Tavad,
SevardnaZes, umetes SemTxvevaSi, moRalated moixsenieben. respondentTa nawili SevardnaZis
danamdvilebiT Ralatis braldebisagan mainc Tavs ikavebs da aRniSnavs, rom aseTi mkacri
braldebisaTvis maYT sakmarisi informacia ar gaaCniaT.
  2. axali xelisuflebis mimarT damokidebuleba

SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis periodSi, afxazeTis dabrunebis mimarT mosaxleobaSi sruliad
uimedo damokidebuleba iyo. xelisuflebis saTaveSi axali mTavrobis mosvlam galis qarTvel
mosaxleobas imedi gauaxla da molodiniT aRavso. mniSvnelovania, rom revoluciis Semdgom
periodSi, axal mTavrobaze didi imedebi iyo damyarebuli, rasac kidev ufro amZafrebda
mTavrobis mier saqarTvelos teritoriuli gaerTianebisaTvis gaaqtiurebuli brZola.

kvlevam aCvena, rom respondentebs xelisuflebisadmi dadebiTad yvelaze metad afxazeTis
dabrunebis sakiTxebze mudmivad yuradRebis gamaxvileba ganawyobs. xelisuflebis mier oseTis
teritoriaze ganxorcielebuli operaciebi afxazeTis qarTvelebisaTvis erTgvari gaerTianebis imedia,
masSi xedaven afxazeTis dabrunebis gzasa da strategias. Tumca, bolo periodSi, situacia
Seicvala. garda imisa, rom oseTis problemebis mogvareba "arc ise martivi" aRmoCnda
xelisuflebisTvis, rogorc TviTon amboben bolomde ar esmiT Tu saiT mxares viTardeba situacia,
sainformacio saSualebebis mier gadmocemul informaciaSi bevri ram aris maTTvis gaugebari da
auxsneli. gaugebaria qveynis strategia, Tu rogor unda moxdes problemis daZleva an mTavrobis
Zalisxmevis Sedegad, ra vadebSi ra Sedegs SeiZleba elodnen. bolo periodSi respondentebis
azriT, mTavrobam afxazeTis mimarT yuradReba sruliad moaduna da misi pozicia TiTqos aRar
aris Semtevi, energiuli da kategoriuli. Sedegad, maT ar ician ras unda elodnen momavalSi.

respondentebs TavianTi Sexedulebebi aqvT `mTavrobis mxridan "swori" politikisa da qcevis
Sesaxeb, rasac Semdegnairad ayalibeben:

      xelisuflebam saparlamento sxdomebsa da Sexvedrebze pirveli rigis problemad
       saqarTvelos teritoriuli gaerTianeba da konkretulad afxazeTis problemebis mogvareba
       unda ganixilos. televiziam aqtiurad gaaSuqos masalebi afxazeTis omze. moewyos
       diskusiebi afxazeTis dabrunebis sakiTxebze xelisuflebis samomavlo gegmebis Sesaxeb;
      iqonion xSiri kontaqti galis teritoriaze dabrunebuli qarTvelebTan, dainteresdnen maTi
       problemebiT da periodulad gauwion materialuri daxmareba, ramdenadac galSi
       mcxovrebi qarTvelebi unda iqcnen mTavrobisaTvis garkveul sayrdenad. mTavrobam
       unda dainaxos da gamoiyenos maTi Tavdadeba, SemarTeba da mzaoba.
      xeli Seuwyos qarTvelebis afxazeTSi da galSi dabrunebas, raTa moxdes qarTvelebis

                                              6
       poziciis gaZliereba.
      awarmoon mSvidobiani molaparakebebi ruseTTan da daafiqsiron TavianTi poziciebi
       afxazeTTan mimarTebaSi;
      CarTon amerika afxazeTis sakiTxebis mogvarebaSi, intensiurad Seatyobinon gaeros
       organizaciebs rusi "samSvidoboebisa" da afxazuri miliciis Stabebis mier qarTveli
       mosaxleobis mimarT Cadenili danaSaulebebis Sesaxeb.

respondentTa azriT, galis raionSi moqmedi miliciis Stabebi, mTavrobis mier qarTvelebisTvis da
ucxoelebisTvis#/gaeros dakvirveblebisaTvis "Tvalis asaxvevad" mogonili xrikia. TiTqos Tu
afxazi kriminalebi oficialur formas Caicvaven amiT moxdeba maTi imijis gamosworeba da
problemis arsi Zireulad Seicvleba. sinamdvileSi respondentebis TqmiT, formiTac da uformodac
kriminalebad da yaCaRebad rCebian, romelTa ndoba SeuZlebelia da maT qcevas bolomde
veravin gaakontrolebs.



3. afxazeTis zogadi mdgomareoba

amJamad afxazeTis ekonomika, respondentTa azriT, aRmavlobas ar ganicdis da mTlianad
ruseTis nebazea damokidebuli. afxazeTis xelisufleba aranair ekonomikur da politikur berkets ar
flobs. respondentebis TqmiT ruseTi ar Cqarobs afxazeTis aRmSeneblobisa da ganviTarebisaTis
investiciebis Cadebas. maTi azriT, ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi ruseTis pasiurobas aqvs Tavisi
axsna. ruseTs jer xelT ar aqvs teritoriis SenarCunebis garantiebi, ris Sedegadac, aseve ar aqvs
mSvidad yofnis "ufleba". respondentTa azriT, maTTvis afxazeTis dakargvis saSiSroeba jer
kidev arsebobs da es Tavadac kargad ician.

afxazeTis amJamindeli mTavrobis mimarT respondentTa damokidebuleba wina xelisuflebasTan
SedarebiT dadebiTia. isini Tvlian, rom afxazurma xelisuflebam qarTveli mosaxleobis mimarT
midgoma TiTqmis maSinve Secvala, rac vertikalze sergei baRafSi aRmoCnda.

respondentebis azriT, bolo arCevnebi, wina arCevnebis msgavsad, aRar iyo erTaderTi
kandidatisaTvis xmis micemis formaluri procedura. baRafSi xelisuflebaSi afxazeTSi darCenili
mosaxleobis mxardaWeriT movida. afxazeTis xalxSi, afxazebis garda, iqauri qarTvelebic
igulisxmeba. am respondentTa azriT, am SemTxvevaSi, pirvelad politikur scenaze axali
monawile gamoCnda, afxazi xalxis saxiT.

amitom respondentTa azriT, baRafSi mxolod kremlidan miTiTebuli brZanebulebebiT veRar
ixelmZRvanelebs. misi mmarTveloba rom efeqturad warimarTos, man xalxis nebac unda
gamoxatos.

respondentebi varaudoben, rom afxazeTis saxelisuflebo bataliebSi Tbilisic monawileobs. sxva
SemTxvevaSi afxazeTis qarTuli nawili aseT erTsulovnebas ver gamoxatavda arCevnebSi.

amasTan, afxazeTis mTavroba Semrigeblur politikas iyenebs, rac qarTvelebisTvis "meti
Tavisuflebis" micemaSi vlindeba. maTi azriT, axla qarTvelebTan damokidebuleba afxazebis
mxridan gacilebiT loialuria. maT meti SesaZleblobebi gauCndaT simSvidis SesanarCunenlad da
materialuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad.

mniSvnelovania, rom respondentebi moelian afxazebis mxridan gaafxazebis moTxovnas. am
sakiTxze respondentebi sakmaod emociurad saubrobdnen, da afxazebis am SesaZlo
SemoTavazebis mimarT winaswar agresiulad arian ganwyobilni. respondentebis erTi nawili
afxazebTan bolomde brZolaze fiqrobs, xolo danarCenebi mSvidad eguebian mosalodnel

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SemoTavazebas, radgan "mudmivad konfliqtisgan daiRalnen da ramodenimejer cxovrebis
Tavidan dawyeba aRar uRirT, yvelafers gaakeTeben sakuTari ojaxebis simSvidisa da
gadarCenisaTvis".


4. momavlisadmi ganwyoba


zogadi politikuri mdgomareobis prognozisagan respondentebi Tavs ikaveben. gamokiTxulTagan
umravlesoba, darwmunebulia, rom teritoriis gamTlianeba mokle periodSi moxdeba. meore
nawili ki gaerTianebis perspeqtivas ufro xangrZliv vadebSi xedavs. konkretuli vadebis Sesaxeb,
respondentebi uWirT saubari.

respondentebis azriT, yvelaze realuria afxazeTis mSvidobiani gziT dabruneba. Tumca, garkveuli
nawili brZolis aucileblobas ar gamoricxavs. respondentebisTvis omi yvelaze mtkivneuli Temaa
da am gziT teritoriis gaerTianebaze saubars Tavs arideben.

respondentebi teritoriis gaerTianebis Semdgom periodzec fiqroben. maT ar aviwydebaT, rom
omma afxazebsa da qarTvelebs Soris mtroba Camoayaliba. orive mxare SesaZlebelia, daZabuli
cxovrebiTa da mudmivi destabilizaciiT daiRala, maTi azriT, erTad cxovrebis SemTxvevaSi,
orive mxare Zalian advilad Seegueba mSvidobian Tanacxovrebas, rogorc ki qveyana
gaerTiandeba, Zalian mcire periodSi aRdgeba megobrobis garemo. respondentTa azriT,
adamianebs Soris konfliqti sruliad ZaldatanebiTia da xelovnuri, rogorc ki erTierTgaRizianebis
mizezebi aRar iarsebebs, urTierToba maleve daTbeba. respondentebis TqmiT yvelaferi unda
gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom momavalma Taobebma gaerTianebul saqarTveloSi icxovron




 3    angariSis ZiriTadi nawili

 3.1 zogadi mdgomareoba raionSi

amJamad galis raioni, respondentebis mier gadmocemuli procentuli maCveneblis Tanaxmad,
dasaxlebulia 98% qarTvelebiT. danarCen procents Seadgens sxva erovnebebi, ZiriTadad
afxazebi, romlebic adgilobriv macxovreblebTan daqorwinebis Sedegad dasaxldnen raionSi.
aseve, droebiTi macxovreblebi, romlebic amave raionSi arian dasaqmebulni. mosaxleobis
eTnikuri Tanafardoba aseTi iyo afxazeTis omamde da dRemde ar Secvlila.

interviuebis Sedegad, mniSvnelovnad gamoikveTa galis raionis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTveli
                                              8
mosaxleobis yofiTi problemebi, rasac ganapirobebs:

       mZime sacxovrebeli pirobebi;
       ekonomikuri siduxWire;
       ganaTlebisa da jandacvis sistemis mouwyobloba;
       kriminaluri mdgomareoba.

sacxovrebeli pirobebi - aRsaniSnavia, rom galis raionis teritoriaze amJamadac TvalSisacemia
dasaxlebuli soflebis iersaxe. galSic da galis raionis soflebSic gadamwvaria TiTqmis yvela saxli
da dawesebuleba. "zogan, mitovebul teritoriebze ezoebSi sarevela balaxi im simaRlezea gazrdili
damwvari saxlebic ki ar Cans. aseT ezoebSi xeebic ganadgurebulia, Torem afxazebi mosavals
auRebels xramebSic ar toveben." ZiriTadad, mosaxleoba sacxovreblad iyenebs sakuTari saxl-
karisagan dauzianeblad gadarCenili an naxevrad damwvari masaliT aSenebul 1-2 oTaxian
"TavSesafars".

"damwvari saxlebisgan dauzianeblad, kibeebi gadarCa, radgan kibeebi qvis masalisgan iyo
damzadebuli. TiTqmis yvela ojaxi am teritoriebs omamde saTavsod iyenebda." - dabrunebis
Semdeg respondentebisTvis, kibis qveS arsebul saTavsoebze miSeneba da sacxovreblad qceva
ufro ioli aRmoCnda.

   "misaSenebel masalebad ki damwvari saxlebisgan gadarCenili naxevrad damwvari ficrebi
    gamoviyeneT. agurebi da blokebi ufro uvneblad iyo gadarCenili, magram cementi saidan
    mogvetana mSeneblobisTvis?"

sacxovrebeli pirobebis gaumjobesebas mosaxleoba etapobrivad cdilobs. Tumca, arsebobs
xelisSemSleli faqtorebi. gamokiTxvis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom respodentebis umravlesoba
saxlebis SekeTebaze fiqrs afxazebis mxridan mosalodneli garTulebebis gamo, verc ki bedavs.
garda amisa, maTi Semosavlebi imdenad mcirea, masalis SeZena da transportireba SeuZlebelia.

   "aq ojaxebiT davbrundiT da radgan es gadawyvetileba miviReT, TavSesafaric normaluri
    gvWirdeba. orsarTuliani saxlebis wamoWimvas aRarc vapirebT, magram sadac vWamT,
    iqve Zili ukve autanelia. masalis SeZenis da gadmotanis saSualeba zugdididan ar gvaqvs.
    garda amisa, afxazebs ase aSkarad rom davanaxoT saxlebs vaSenebTo, SeiZleba ise
    gavaRizianoT, avaSenebT Tu ara meore dResve dagvingrion. amitom cementze fiqri
    SevwyviteT. Tunuqis da plastikatis masalebi gadmogvaqvs nel-nela zugdididan da sul odnav
    viumjobesebT pirobebs."

Tumca, gamoikveTa mosaxleobis kmayofileba eleqtroenergiisa da wylis uwyvetad miwodebis
Taobaze, rac galSi dabrunebamde, ltolvilobis periodSi, maTTvis seriozul problemas
warmoadgenda.

zogadi ekonomikuri mdgomareoba - galis raionis mosaxleobis ekonomikuri mdgomareoba
sakmaod mZimea, Tumca maTi gadmocemiT, sakuTar saxlebSi dabrunebis Semdeg "SedarebiT
gaumjobesebulia".

respondentTa gadmocemiT, omamde gali soflis meurneobis ganviTarebis mxriv,
uxvmosavlianobis gamo, wamyvan raionTa siaSi moiazreboda. raionSi mcxovreb TiTqmis yvela
mosaxles sasoflo sameurneo produqtiT Semosuli Semosavali wlidan wlamde mSvidi cxovrebis
saSualebas aZlevda. weliwadSi, daaxloebiT 15 000 tonamde citrusi modioda, garda amisa, Txili,
xorci da rZis nawarmi.

omis Semdeg, wlebis ganmavlobaSi raionSi mitovebuli iyo meurneobebi da saxlebi. afxazebi

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galSi mosavlis asaRebad naklebad Camodiodnen. dabrunebuli mosaxleoba sakuTari ezoebis
movliT dakavda da mosavlianobam mcirediT moimata.

amJamad, raionSi mdgomareoba gansxvavebulia, Tumca, omis kvali ekonomikas yvelaze metad
SeemCna, raSic soflis meurneobis dakninebam sakmaod didi wvlili Seitana.

respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom maT dabrunebamde Zalze mZime pirobebSi uwevdaT cxovreba
da dabrunebis erT-erT seriozul mizezad, swored, ekonomikur problemebs asaxeleben. Tumca,
maTive gadmocemiT, sakuTar saxlebSi dabrunebiT mxolod saarsebo minimumi moipoves.
moweul mosavals, ZiriTadad, ojaxis gamosakvebad iyeneben, Zalian mcire raodenobas ki
gasayidad.

bolo periodSi raionSi mosavlianoba sagrZnoblad gazrdilia, Tumca, es qarTveli mosaxleobisTvis
Semosavlebs ar cvlis, Semdegi mizezis gamo: afxazebis mxridan TiToeul ojaxs dakisrebuli
aqvs garkveuli raodenobis gadasaxadi naturaluri produqtis saxiT.

gadasaxadis odenoba soflebSi gansxvavebulia da yovel weliwads icvleba mosavlianobis
mixedviT. mosaxleobisaTvis yvelaze mZime periods Txilis aRebis periodi warmoadgens. rasac
erTis mxriv, am sezonisTvis damaxasiaTebeli yaCaRTa TareSis gaaqtiureba da meores mxriv,
Txilis gadasaxadis odenobis dawesebis molodini ganapirobebs.


   "Txilis aRebis periodSi afxazeTSi cxovreba lamis gadavifiqroT. safiqrali gviaTmagdeba -
    romel erTze vidardoT, afxazebi ramdens dagviweseben gegmiur gadasaxads, Tu
    yaCaRebisgan rogor davicvaT Tavi. gadasaxadis dawesebis dros zogjer mosavlianobasac ki
    ar iTvaliswineben. soflis mimarT rogori damokidebulebac aqvT, ise wyveten, vin ramdeni
    unda gadavixadoT. imaze vwuxvarT, mxolod kuWze zrunvaze rom varT gadasulebi da sxvas
    verafers vaxerxebT da saWmelsac rom afxazi wagarTmevs, raRad Rirs cxovreba."

ganaTlebisa da jandacvis sistema – respondentTa gamokiTxvis Sedegad aRmoCnda, rom raionSi
ganaTlebisa da jandacvis sistemebi gaumarTavia. problemebi aris rogorc ganaTlebis, aseve
jandacvis sistemaSic. saganmanaTleblo sistemaSi ZiriTad problemas skolebSi rusul da afxazur
enebze iZulebiTi swavleba da raionSi arsebuli qarTuli skolebis mcire raodenoba warmoadgens.

   "qarTuli skolebi gaixsna, magram vai, aseT swavlebas. SiSis qveS bavSvebs skolaSi rom
    uSveb, eg aris cxovreba? imdenjer daarbies, bavSvs rom skolaSi uSveb, vidre saxlSi
    dabrundeba pirjvaris gadaweraSi unda gaataro, mSvidobiT movides. pedagogebic igive
    saSiSroebis win arian."

raionSi Zalian cudad muSaobs jandacvis sistema. saavadmyofoebi da ambulatoriebi
keTilmouwyobelia, ar aqvT medikamentebi, muSaoben dabalkvalificiuri eqimebi. am mizezebis
gamo, galis mosaxleobis 90% samkurnalod zugdidSi an saqarTvelos sxva regionSi
miemgzavreba. meores mxriv, respondentebi Tvlian, rom saavadmyofoebis funqcionirebas
raionSi azric ar aqvs. radgan saavadmyofoebs, ZiriTadad, daWrilebi mimarTaven. aseT
SemTxvevebSi ki xSiria afxazuri mxaris mier eqimebisTvis iZulebiT daxmarebis aRmoCenis
akrZalvis faqtebi, rac xSirad pacientis gardacvalebiT sruldeba.

   "ambulatoriebi gvaqvs, magram tyuilad, arc wamali aqvT da arc wesieri eqimebi. eqimebad
    afxazebi muSaoben ZiriTadad. konfliqturi zonaa mainc da Setakebebi xSiria. amitom aq
    yvelaze kargi eqimebi unda iyvnen, magram ra azri aqvs, afxazi Tu daiWra egreve soxumSi
    gaaqaneben an aq mogvrian karg eqims da qarTveli Tu daWres, mainc ar miuSveben eqims
    samkurnalod."

                                            10
kriminaluri mdgomareoba – respondentTa gadmocemiT, wina wlebTan SedarebiT, bolo periodSi
kriminaluri mdgomareoba stabiluria, Tumca, am mxriv, problemebi mainc didia. meti
stabilurobiT gamoikveTeba gali, rac gamowveulia raionSi gaeros samSvidobo Zalebis
arsebobiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom samSvidobo Zalebs konfliqtis situaciaSi Carevis ufleba ar
gaaCniaT da maTi moRvaweoba mxolod arsebul situaciaze dakvirvebiT amoiwureba,
mosaxleoba mainc didi ndobiTa da imediT aris ganwyobili.

kvlevam aSkarad aCvena, rom afxazeTis teritoriaze mcxovrebi qarTveli mosaxleobisaTvis
cxovrebis pirobebis gasaumjobeseblad yofiTi problemebi ar aris erTaderTi xelisSemSleli faqtori.
sakmaod seriozul problemas warmoadgens sxvadasxva mizezebiT mosaxleobaSi gamefebuli
SiSis sindromi. respondentebi interviuebis msvlelobisas xazgasmiT aRniSnavdnen, rom maTi
mSobliuri miwa amJamad konfliqtur zonaSi mdebareobs da Tundac es erTi mizezi sakmarisia
imisaTvis, rom maTTvis "mSvidi cxovrebis mcneba" ucxo gaxdes. Tumca, aRmoCnda, rom
respondentebSi SiSis sindroms sxva gacilebiT mZime problemebic aRZravs:

   "aqauroba oms magonebs. oms, romelSic davmarcxdiT. oms, romelmac tkivilTan erTad, didi
    stresi momayena. rac aq davbrundi, nervuli sistema ufro damizianda SiSisa da
    nerviulobisgan."

   "yvelaze did problemas mainc daucveloba warmoadgens. daucveloba gulisxmobs, mudmivad
    dayaCaRebis, erTmaneTTan mimosvlis, erTmaneTis daxmarebis SiSs, moralur
    daCagrulobas da a.S."

   "aq arasodes ici, visgan ra safrTxe gelis. sul qarTvelebi varT, magram damatebiTi problema
    aravis Wirdeba, aravin dagexmareba, eSinia da imitom. Sens gamo SeiZleba mere mas
    Seeqmnas problema. Tan Tu vinme dagexmara, mere mudmivad valdebulebas grZnob mis
    winaSe, TiTqos Senc unda daexmaro sadRac. misi daxmareba ki ra dros mogiwevs ar ici.
    TiTqos erTmaneTis imediT davbrundiT, magram gamodis, rom mainc SimSilisgan
    gadavirCineT Tavi."

janmrTelobis mdgomareoba - daZabuli kriminaluri mdgomareobis Sedegad, mosaxleobis
umravlesoba nervul daavadebebs da nevrologiur darRvevebs uCivis. rac TavisTavad, im
arasaxarbielo socialur-ekonomikur mdgomareobasTan da posttravmul stresTan        aris
dakavSirebuli, rasac isini omis Semdgom periodSi ganicdian. socialur izolaciasTan da
gariyvasTan dakavSirebuli fsiqologiuri problemebi ducvelobiT, gaurkveveli momavlis
SegrZnebiT, kulturuli faseulobebisa da tradiciebis gauCinarebiT aris gamowveuli.

   "davubrundiT saxlebs. sofeli mkvdaria. SeiZleba quCaSi siarulis dros aravin Segexos, cariel-
    tarieli raSi sWirdebi, saxlebSi SeWra da yaCaRobis faqtebi ufro meti axsovs sofels da SiSi
    am mxrivac ufro metia, magram xalxSi ukve im doneze devs SiSis sindromi, ZilSic eSiniaT."

   "axla rom mkiTxoT, galSi cxovreba ar minda. Zalian rTulia. Cveni xalxi ver uZlebs bolomde
    monobas. amitom mainc xSiria afxazebTan Selaparakebebi. sadme Selaparakebisas afxazi
    rom daiWras an mokvdes, mTeli sofeli tyeSi vimalebiT SiSiT. ar viciT, samagieros saxiT,
    romlis gadawiokebas moindomeben. yvela davadebulia nervuli daavadebebiT."

mdgomareoba galis raionis qveda da zeda zonis soflebSi erTnairia. mkveTri gansxvavebebi
arcerT sferoSi ar SeimCneva.




                                              11
    3.2 teritoriaze mosaxleobis dabrunebis vadebi da motivacia

omis mimdinareobis periodSi teritoriis datovebis Semdeg, sakuTar saxlebSi respondentebi
sxvadasxva periodSi dabrundnen. uklebliv yvela respondenti dabrunebis erTerT mizezad
ekonomikur siduxWires da saxl-karis uqonlobas asaxelebs.

    "dabrunebis erTaderTi mizezi ekonomikuri mdgomareobaa. manamde zugdidSi vcxovrobdiT
     da erTaderT Semosavals, vaWrobis Sedegad Semosuli Tanxebi warmoadgenda, romelic
     sakvebadac ar gvyofnida. ekonomiurad axla im periodTan SedarebiT ukeTesad varT. Cveni
     moweuli mosavali sakvebad gvyofnis, magram marto kuWze damokidebuli rodemde unda
     viyoT?"

    "afxazeTSi sacxovreblad gadasvlis mizezi gaWirveba iyo. Cveni Tanamemamuleebis
     garkveulma nawilma, aq binebi iSova, zogma saxlidan nivTebis da fulis gadmotana SeZlo da
     saxl-kari SeiZina. Cven sruliad cariel-tarieli gadmovediT da aqac veraferi movaxerxeT. verc
     romelime saerTo-sacxovrebelSi davsaxldiT. vcxovrobdiT saSinel pirobebSi, naTesavis
     mitovebul, TiTqmis dangreul saxlSi. SesakeTebeli saSualeba ar gvqonda. muSaobis dawyeba
     SeuZlebeli gaxda. gadavwyviteT vaWroba dagvewyo, Zalze mcire TanxiT, romelic sesxis
     saxiT miviReT naTesavebisgan. magram ojaxis arseboba ase mciredi TanxiT SeuZlebeli
     aRmoCnda."

miuxedavad imisa, rom ekonomikuri problema wamyvan rols TamaSobda qarTveli mosaxleobis
afxazeTSi dabrunebis mizezebi amiT ar Semoifargleba. didma nawilma mizezad, gardacvlili
ojaxis wevrebi da maTi mitovebuli saflavebi daasaxela.

    "Cems miwaze dabrunebis mizezi, pirvel rigSi, Svilis saflavi iyo. Svili omis dros
     gardamecvala. iqve, ezoSi iyo dakrZaluli. saxl-kari rom davtoveT, uZiloba damCemda,
     nerviulobisgan. sul Cemi Svili mesizmreboda, sadRac marto, gadamwvar sofelSi mitovebuli.
     dabrunebis Sansi ar mqonda. Cemi saxl-kari, mTlianad gadawves afxazebma. jer misi
     SekeTeba iyo aucilebeli, risi saSualebac ar momepoveboda. zugdidSi, cotaoden fuls
     Cavigdebdi Tu ara xelSi(axloblebisgan daxmarebas), saxlis SesakeTebeli masalis SesaZenad
     vinaxavdi. mere ramodenimejer gadavedi da patara qoxi Cavdgi, iseTi qoxi, mxolod
     wvimisgan Tu daicavda adamians. am qoxSi 5 Tve vicxovre. sabolood, iqve ukve gadmosuli
     Tanasoflelebi daxmarebas miwevdnen. Txilis mosavali Cavabare da am TanxebiT, patara or
     oTaxiani qoxi Cavdgi ezoSi. am saxlSi ukve SeiZleboda ojaxic Camomeyvana. magram
     mainc vSiSobdi. erTi Svili davkarge da Cemi daJinebisTvis kidev vinme ar Semewira. 4 wlis
     win col-Svilic gadmoviyvane."

    "dabrunebis mizezi upirvelesad, Cemi ojaxis wevrebis saflavebi (mama, Zma) da "gadmorekilis"
     statusi iyo. saqarTvelosTvis ltolvili viyavi da afxazeTisTvis - gadmorekili. Tavs Seuracxyofilad
     vgrZnobdi, moralurad da politikurad. Cemi saxlidan gamogdebulis saxeliT siaruls, iq sikvdili
     vamjobine da davbrundi. "
respondentTa Soris, iyvnen iseTebic, romlebmac mxolod sakuTari ojaxis wevrebis gadarCenis
mizniT, maTTan erTad, omis msvlelobis periodSi datoves teritoria, Tavad ki sul ramodenime
dReSi dabrundnen ukan. aseTi SemTxvevebi, ZiriTadad, respondentTa asakovan kategoriebSi
dafiqsirda.

    "gali omis periodSi davtove. Ralatis "suni" meca da ojaxis wevrebis gadarCenis mizniT,
     maTTan erTad gadmovedi. gadmosvlis dros ukve dagegmili mqonda dabruneba. Cems
     miwas afxazebis anabara ver mivatovebdi. erT TveSi davbrundi, roca afxazebi yvelaze
     aqtiurad TareSobdnen im teritoriaze. iyo yaCaRobebi, mkvlelobebi, wvavdnen saxlebs, iq
     cxovreba Zalian rTuli iyo, magram mainc gavZeli. dResac darwmunebuli var, saqarTvelo
                                                 12
    qarTvelis gareSe rom ar davtove, RmerTma gadamarCina."

respondentTa garkveuli raodenobisTvis gadamwyveti roli galis qarTveli mosaxlebiT
metnaklebad Sevsebam iTamaSa. maTTvis stimuls Tanamemamuleebis – mezoblebis,
megobrebis da naTesavebis dabruneba warmoadgenda. dabrunebis mizezad am motivs,
ZiriTadad, qalebi asaxelebdnen. isini, visac "ojaxis marCenali" dakarguli hyavdaT.

   "ufro adre SemeZlo dabruneba, Cemi naTesavebis gadasvlas velodi. yvela ar dabrunda,
    magram erTi ojaxi gadavida Tu ara mec mivyevi. mainc imedia, Seniani rom axlos
    geguleba."

   "dabrunebis erTerTi mizezi, ra Tqma unda, saqarTveloSi usaxlkaroba da ekonomikuri
    problema iyo. magram Cemi miwa-wylis siyvarulma ufro didi roli iTamaSa. ukaco ojaxiT
    afxazeTSi cxovreba, Zalze didi riskia. amitom, vidre Cemi Zma ar dabrunda, gadawyvetileba
    ver miviRe."

respondentTa Soris gamoikiTxa 18-24 wlis qarTvelebic. maTi mosazrebebi afxazeTTan
mimarTebaSi sakmaod gansxvavebulia. sainteresoa maTi damokidebuleba afxazeTis teritoriaze
dabrunebis mimarT. am asakis respondentebma teritoria sakmaod patara asakSi datoves da mas
Semdeg saqarTvelos sxvadasxva raionebSi uwevdaT cxovreba. maT Soris, TiTqmis yvela afxazeTSi
dabrunebas Zalze mtkivneulad ixsenebs. TiToeuli xazgasmiT aRniSnavs, rom es moxda iZulebiT da
gadawyvetileba mSoblebis mier rom ar yofiliyo miRebuli, TavianTi surviliT am teritorias ar
daubrundebodnen. asaxeleben mizezebsac, rac dabrunebis mimarT uaryofiT damokidebulebas
iwvevs.

ucxo garemo – "aqauroba CemTvis ucxoa, mezoblebic ki. Cems mSoblebs axsovT maTTan erTad
gatarebuli wlebi da uyvarT isini. CemTvis ki iseTive ucxoebi iyvnen, rogor nebismieri stumrisTvis.
sofeli bundovnad maxsovda, magram iseT mniSvnelovans verafers vixsenebdi, Sinaurad rom
megrZno Tavi. TiTqos ucxo qveyanaSi movxvdi, Tan naomar qveyanaSi."

Tavisufleba – "rom CamovediT cixeSi megona Tavi. mSoblebi saxlis gareT gaxedvis saSualebasac
ar maZlevdnen. maTi mesmis, eSinodaT, magram me saSinlad vitanjebodi. sul yurs vugdebdi maT
saubars, iqneb saqarTveloSi dabrunebaze wamocdenodaT rame."

sacxovrebeli pirobebi _ "Tavidan sacxovrebeli pirobebi iseTi saSineli gvqonda, saRamoobiT
Cumad vtirodi, Cemi mSoblebi isedac ganicdidnen da Cemi xasiaTiT, safiqrali rom ar
damematebina maTTvis. imazec ki vfiqrobdi, sadme axlos siatuacia daZabuliyo, rom Cems
mSoblebs isev quTaisSi dabrunebaze efiqraT. axla cota Sevegue. saxlic SevaremonteT, Suqis
problemac mogvarda da albaT, dromac Tavisi hqna."

megobrebi – "afxazeTidan Zalian patara asakSi wavediT. imdenad patara viyavi aq megobrebis
gaCena verc ki movaswari. mas Semdeg zugdidSi vcxovrob. sadac SeviZine yvela megobari. erT
dRes Cems saxlSi davbrundi, oRond maT gareSe".

skola _ "aq rom gadmovediT skolis moswavle viyavi. mSoblebma rom miTxres, rusul skolaSi
unda iaroo, gavgiJdi. rusulad swavla gamiWirdeboda. dangreuli skola, afxazi maswavleblebi,
ucxo bavSvebi - autaneli iyo. Zalian xSirad mSoblebs vatyuebdi, skolaSi SeiaraRebuli afxazebi
iyvnenTqo, vicodi meore dRes ar gamiSvebdnen. 2 weli tanjvaSi gavatare."

teritoriaze mosaxleobis dabruneba dRemde mimdinareobs. respondentebi Tvlian, rom galis
mosaxleobis didi nawili ukve daubrunda TavianT saxlebs. xalxis etapobrivi dabrunebis mizezi,
maTi azriT, ZiriTadad, ekonomikuri mdgomareobaa. "maT imaze meti Semosavali aqvT, vidre
aq eqnebaT. zogis saxl-karisgan aRaraferi darCa mTeli. aqauroba yvelas uyvars, magram

                                               13
adamianebi varT da pirvel rigSi, imaze gviwevs fiqri Tavi rogor gamovikveboT." Tumca, Tvlian,
rom "daketili saxlebic aucilebad mcire vadaSi daibruneben patonebs", Tu amJamindeli,
SedarebiT stabiluri, mdgomareoba SenarCunda da situacia ar daiZaba. aseT poziciebs
gamoxataven, roca saubaria nebayoflobiT dabrunebaze. magram amasTan dasZenen, rom ar
gamoricxaven mTavrobis mxridan savaldebulo dabrunebis moTxovnas. respondentTa
mosazrebebi am SemTxvevaSi orad gaiyo. mcire nawili Tvlis, rom Tu maTi dabruneba teritoriis
gaerTianebisTvis savaldebulo gaxda, nebismieri winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, unda
dabrundnen.

    "mTavrobam brZaneba rom gasces dabrunebis Sesaxeb, yvela unda dabrundes. amaze maT
     uars gasamarTlebeli sabuTi ar aqvs, miTumetes, Tu es teritoriis gaerTianebas exeba. Tu
     saxl-kari ganadgurebuli aqvT, Cven SevifarebT, Cven vaWmevT. cota xans gaviWirvebT,
     magram mere didxans bednierad vicxovrebT."

ufro didi nawili savaldebulo moTxovnis mimarT skeptikur damokidebulebas avlens. maTi
komentarebi am SekiTxvaze agresiulia, rac teritoriis gaerTianebaSi mTavrobis "pasiuri roliT"
aris gamowveuli.

    "ra valdebulebebzea laparaki. sul pirSi vuyurebT afxazeTis dabrunebaze ras ityvian da am
     bolo dros sul dadumdnen. davaldebulebas rom apireben, rame garantiebs gvaZleven? Cveni
     qveynisTvis yvelafers gavakeTebT, magram mTavrobisgan TiTqos miviwyebuli varT.
     Semogvyares da dagviviwys."

zogi respondenti mTavrobis mier afxazeTis teritoriaze savaldebulo moTxovnis Sesaxeb saubris
dros, SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis periods ixsenebs da mis mier omis periodSi soxumSi
dabrunebaze mowodebasTan avlebs paralels.

    "SevardnaZec arwmunebda afxazeTis qarTvel mosaxleobas, samSvidobo molaparakeba
     gvaqvs afxazeTTan da saxlebSi SegiZliaT dabrundeTo. sxva ra mizeziT unda
     dabrunebuliyvnen, omis dros saxlebidan moglejili diasaxlisebi? SevardnaZem pirdapir
     televiziiT mouwoda xalxs, afxazeTSi sruli simSvidea, didma ruseTma garantia mogvca,
     miRweuli mSvidoba ar dairRvevao. Zalian bevri dabrunda, seqtemberi iyo da skolebSic ki
     daiwyes siaruli. davijeroT aseTi Wkviani kaci motyuvda? ar viciT, ra moxda maSin. imasac
     amboben, xalxi imitom daaimeda, rom dabrunebuliyvnen, CaexocaT da ltolvili naklebi
     hyolodao."

gamoikveTa, rom zogadad, afxazeTis teritoriaze qarTveli mosaxleobis xelaxali Casaxlebis
politikiT teritoriis gamTlianebis dagegmva, sakmaod marTebulia. respondentTa saubrebidan
Cans maTi survilebi molaparakebebis gziT, mSvidobianad afxazeTis dabrunebis Sesaxeb.



    3.3 warsulis mokle mimoxilva

respondentebi warsulze Zalze mokled saubroben da "bednier mogonebad" qceul omamdel
periods sinanuliT ixseneben. maTTvis yvelaze aqtualuri da mtkivneuli Tema omia. es aris
sakiTxi, romelzec yvelaze gulaxdilad saubroben. gauTaveblad ixseneben fragmentebs sakuTari
warsulidan, afaseben mTavrobis poziciebs da gamoxataven sakuTar mosazrebebs. TiToeuli
maTgani darwmunebulia omis Tavidan acilebis SesaZleblobebSi da qarTul mxares
adanaSaulebs.

respondentTa umravlesoba SekiTxvaze, SeiZleboda Tu ara omis Tavidan acileba, Tbilisis

                                              14
samoqalaqo omze iwyebs saubars da omis gaRvivebis marcvals, swored, masSi xedavs. am
movlenebs win uswrebda problemebi oseTSi. ris paraleluradac muSaobda ruseTi, romelic
xelsayrel moments eZebda da ipova kidec. respondentTa didi umravlesoba, omis warmoSobaSi
damnaSaved mTavrobis gadawyvetilebas asaxelebs, rac                 afxazeTis teritoriaze
"mSvidobisdamcveli" mxedrionis Sesvlas ukavSirdeba.

   "omi maSindelma saqarTvelos mTavrobam moamwifa. Tormeti tankiani, SeiaraRebuli armia
    gauSva afxazeTSi "mSvidobis dasacavad". ioselianis meTaurobiT, daxvreta misjili,
    narkomani, qurdi, yaCaRi, yvela saxis kriminaliT iyo dakompleqtebuli, egreTwodebuli,
    mSvidobismaZieblebis armia. gabrazdnen afxazebi, mogvibrundnen da dagvcxes. es aris
    omis dawyebis mizezi."


   "omis Tavidan acileba SeiZleboda? nuTu es SekiTxva vinmes uCndeba dRevandel dRes. ra
    Tqma unda, SeiZleboda. Tqvenc unda icodeT da Tu ar iciT sircxvilia, rom omis sababi
    mxoloddamxolod mxedrioni iyo. mxedrioni unda SeeCerebinaT – ai, omis Tavidan acilebis
    gza!"

   "mxedrions rom ar eTareSa, omi ar momwifdeboda, an cota mogvianebiT momwifdeboda da
    sxva dasasruli eqneboda. Sen rom gaaRizianeb adamians da mere gabrazebuls mters
    daarqmev, ar aris swori. bavSvur garigebas hgavs: me orjer dagartyav da Sen xeli ar
    Semomibruno, Torem ar viTamaSebo. mxedrionma ki ra gaakeTa, qarTveli ar daindo, mTeli
    samegrelo aawioka, afxazs ras uzamda. magram afxazma ar aTareSa bolomde,
    winaaRmdegoba gauwia. amas ki omic moyva."

   "yvelaze didi roli omis realobaSi mxedrions miuZRvis. axla, roca ukve warsulis TvaliT
    vuyurebT, yvela danaSauli ufro naTelia. omis msvlelobis periodi iyo da iseTi agresia
    mZvinvarebda, yvelaferSi afxazs vadanaSaulebdiT. magram ratom daviviwyeT, rom Cvenc
    aranaklebi ziani mivayeneT maT. pirdapir movuwodeT, modiT viCxuboTo."

respondentebi mxedrionze saubrisas maT sisastikezec miuTiTeben. am Temaze saubrisas isini
konkretulad pirovnebebs metad adanaSauleben, vidre mTavrobas. aSkaraa, rom respondentTa
umravlesoba SevardnaZes meti loialurobiT moixseniebs, vidre "mxedrionis meTaurebs".

   "kitovani da ioseliani codvebs verasodes moinanieben. maT aTasobiT adamianis ubedureba,
    sikvdili da saerTod, eris gaubedureba awevT zurgze codvad. omis mizezs rusSi ratom
    eZeben, gaugebaria. omis mizezi maT mier dagegmili TareSi - ojaxebis gaqurdva,
    afxazebisTvis Seuracxyofis miyeneba, zogadad, qaosi da anarqia iyo. amis Tavidan acileba
    ar SeiZleboda? imedi gvaqvs, rom maT RmerTi gansjis."

   "mxedrionis Semosvlam Zalian gaabraza afxazebi. isini sastikad moiqcnen. maT samegreloc
    kargad aaoxres. ioselianma da kitovanma yaCaRTa dajgufeba mSvidobis damcvelis niRbiT
    Semoses da samudamod gagavaubedures. afxazebma ki mimarTes did Zalas - russ da
    daxmareba sTxoves."

   "afxazeTis omi qarTvelma daiwyo. ufro sworad, 12-ma tankianma recidivistma, romelTa
    meTauric yvelaze didi recidivisti jaba ioseliani iyo. mxedrioni rom ar Semosuliyo afxazeTSi,
    omi ar iqneboda."

TavianTi Sexedulebebi daafiqsires patara asakis respondentebmac, romelTac ar axsovT omis
dawyebis periodi da mizezebze mSoblebisgan Seqmnili STabeWdilebebisa da sakuTari
daskvnebis safuZvelze saubroben.
                                              15
   "maSin Zalze patara viyavi, magram Cemi mSoblebi omze saubars aucileblad jaba ioselianis
    wyevliT iwyeben da asruleben. albaT, mxedrionma marTla Seuwyo xeli omis dawyebas. is ki
    maxsovs, afxazebTan ise vmegobrobdiT, Cvens Soris omi ar unda dawyebuliyo."

   "vici, rom mxedrionma Zalian didi roli iTamaSa afxazebis agresiaze. magram dRevandeli
    situaciidan gamomdinare, ruseTis damokidebulebas vgulisxmob, omi mainc rusebis
    dagegmili mgonia. rusi Tu monawileobda, omis Tavidan acilebis Sansic mcire iyo, albaT."

respondentTa nawili Tvlis, rom omi mainc momwifdeboda. mxedrioni rom ar Sesuliyo,
afxazebi daiwyebdnen oms. situacia qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris imdenad daZabuli iyo,
nebismieri mxridan mcire mizezic ki warmoSobda oms. ubralod, maTi azriT, "qarTvelebma
daaswres".

respondentebi afxazeTis sakiTxebSi ruseTis monawileobas SedarebiT Semdgom periods
ukavSireben. periods, rodesac situacia afxazeTSi ukve sakmaod daiZaba. isini adastureben,
ruseTis rols omis gaRvivebaSi, Tumca, gamoricxaven maTi mxridan omis dawyebis iniciativas.
respondentTa azriT, afxazeTSi mxedrionis TareSi, saqarTvelos mTavrobisaTvis "mSvidobiani
misia", xolo ruseTisTvis "Sansi" iyo, romelic gamoiyena. "rusma mxedrionis SemosvliT
sadaveebi Caigdo xelSi da Wkvianurad gamoiyena."

   "rusi situacias didi xani akontrolebda. SeiZleba TviTonac apirebda dartymas, magram
    anTebul cecxlze navTis dasxma ar sjobia, cecxlis Tavidan gaCaRebas? isargebla
    SemTxveviT da omic daiwyo."

   "rusma afxazebs daxmarebaze, ra Tqma unda, uari ar uTxra, gaifiqra - "amas ramdeni xania
    velodio" da daexmara kidec."

   "rusma omSi rom monawileoba miiRo, es aravis gakvirvebia. rusi eloda aseT dros,
    daakvirda, naxa, rom situacia misi Carevis gareSe daiZaba da es Sansi xelidan ar gauSva.
    amJamad, afxazeTis dapyroba TiTqos mTlianad ruseTs braldeba, magram Cvens mxares
    Zalian didi wvlili miuZRvis omis dawyebaSi da es afxazebTanac unda vaRiaroT."

mniSvnelovania respondentTa damokidebuleba saqarTvelos mTavrobis poziciebis mimarT omis
msvlelobaSi. isini gamoyofen dadebiT da uaryofiT personaJebs. yvela respondentisaTvis
dadebiT personaJs Jiuli Sartava warmoadgens. maTTvis es aris gmiri, romlis patriotizmiT
isargebla mTavrobam da usamarTlod gawira sasikvdilod. xolo, uaryofiT Sefasebas ZiriTadad,
kitovans aZleven. - "gagris dacemisas kitovanis "meomrebi" mosaxleobasTan erTad mirbodnen,
isini omSi ki ara saSovarze iyvnen. gemebi naZarcviT iyo savse. Zarcva nebismieri omis dros
xdeba. magram me samorodiorod Camosulebze maqvs saubari."

SevardnaZis mimarT respondentTa damokidebuleba gansaxvavebulia. arcerTi maTgani mis
politikas pozitiurad ar afasebs. SevardnaZis politikur svlebze msjelobis dros, respondentebi
yvelaze did yuradRebas 1993 wlis agvisto-seqtembis movlenebze - gagris dacemisa da mis
Semdgom periodze amaxvileben. mis danaSaulad, umetes SemTxvevaSi, moiazreba Ralati.
Tumca, nawili danamdvilebiT Ralatis braldebisagan Tavs ikavebs. maTTvis SevardnaZis
maSindeli moqmedeba dRemde kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgas.

   "SevardnaZe samjer moatyues rusebma da afxazebma. Tumca, ar viciT motyuvda Tu
    gagvyida. mesame ki tragikuli aRmoCnda. faqtiurad uiaraRod aRmoCndnen afxazebis, ufro
    sworad, rusebisa da daqiravebuli yaCaRebis xelSi. afxazebs ar unda egonoT, rom omi maT
    moiges. rom warmovidgen, ase uyvebian TavianT Svilebs, vgiJdebi."

                                             16
    "gagris dacemis Semdeg afxazeTis damcvelebad namdvili patriotebi darCnen. im periodSi
     soxumi sruliad daucveli iyo da misi aRebac Tavisuflad iyo SesaZlebeli. qarTvelebs iaraRis
     aReba gauWirdaT, axloblebTan brZola maTTvis rTuli aRmoCnda, zogs omis eSinoda kidec,
     magram gagris dacemis Semdeg yvela Tanaxma iyo ebrZola. soxumi arcerTs ar dautovebia.
     meomrebis gverdiT idgnen rogorc SeeZlo. isini vaJkacebi iyvnen, marto meomrebi ar arian
     vaJkacebi."

respondentebi TiTqmis ar saubroben 30 seqtemberze. isini cinizmiT, Tumca, mainc mtkivneulad
moixsenieben afxazeTis mTavrobis damokidebulebas 30 seqtembis mimarT, rogorc
"damoukideblobis dRisadmi". mniSvnelovania, rom prezidentis gadawyvetilebas 27
seqtembris sazeimo viTarebaSi aRniSvnis akrZalvis Taobaze, isini sakmaod dadebiTad
udgebian.

    "yovel 30 seqtembers afxazebi ise grandiozulad zeimoben, TiTqos didi uRelisgan
     gaTavisufldnen. ra Tqma unda, istoriuli dRea, magram davijeroT marTla fiqroben, rom
     qarTvelTa "tyveobidan" Tavis dasaRwevad saukuneebis manZilze ibrZodnen da SeZles? rac
     mTavaria, rusebis qeba-dideba ar aviwydebaT."

    "afxazebma gamarjvebis ra ician. Cvens gareSe cxovreba maT gamarjveba hgoniaT? xalxi,
     darwmunebuli var nanobs kidec, magram xalxs vin ekiTxeba. mTavroba hyavs afxazeTs,
     mTavrobas ki rusi batoni."

    "saakaSvili 27 seqtembris aRniSvnas ar apirebso, gavigeT. am gadawyvetilebis mimarT
     sawinaaRmdego araferi gvaqvs. es xom Cveni damarcxebis dRea. me ar vfiqrob, rom
     prezidenti 27 seqtembris saerTod daviwyebaze miuTiTebdes amiT xalxs. ra Tqma unda, am
     omSi uamravi qarTvelis sisxli daiRvara, Zalian bevri axalgazrda daiRupa da xalxis
     mexsierebidan es dRe ar amoiSleba. prezidenti am winadadebaSi imas gulisxmobs, rom 27
     seqtembers zeimis saxe ar unda mieces da es sruliad gamarTlebulia."




    3.4 mosaxleobis zogad-politikuri Sexedulebebi

respondentTa zogad-politikuri Sexedulebebi TiTqmis msgavsia. isini erTnairi TanamimdevrobiT
aRweren omis Semdgom periodSi politikuri viTarebis cvlilebas. kvlevis Sedegad, gamovlinda,
rom afxazeTis problemebis mogvarebasTan dakavSirebuli Zvrebis molodinSi, am teritoriis
qarTveli mosaxleoba yuradRebiT adevnebs Tvals politikur cxovrebas da Zalze politizirebulia.

maTi damokidebuleba afxazeTis dabrunebasTan dakavSirebiT omis dasrulebis periodidan
dRemde ucvlelia da sakmaod imediani. respondentebi yvelaze mZime periodad omis Semdgom
1-2 weliwads ixseneben da mizezebze Zalze martivad saubroben, "jer erTi, naomari xalxisTvis,
yvelaze mZime omis Semdgomi 2 weliwadia, miTumetes, roca marcxdebi da saxl-kars toveb.
meorec, sadRac Tavidan iwyeb cxovrebas da ra sirTuleebic Cndeba yvelasaTvis naTelia." im
periods respondentebi, qaosis, dabneulobis, SimSilis periods uwodeben, Tumca yvelaze metad
statusze amaxvileben yuradRebas.
 "gvSioda, gvcioda, Seuracxyofilni da damarcxebulni viyaviT da yvelaferTan erTad,
    xalxisTvis "ltolvilebi."

    "sazogadoebisgan "ltolvili" rom mesmoda, didxans ar moviazrebdi sakuTar Tavs am sityvis

                                              17
     qveS."

    "politikurad ltolvilebi viyaviT, magram xalxi sxva mniSvnelobiT iyenebda am sityvas. yvelaze
     metad es gvTrgunavda."

omis dasrulebidan 4-5 wlis Semdgom periods respondentebi "gadarCenisTvis brZolis" xanas
uwodeben. "mivxvdiT rom Cvens saxl-kars jerjerobiT ver davubrundebodiT. naTesavebis
daxmarebac ukve gadaWarbebuli iyo da daviwyeT brZola gadarCenisTvis." ZiriTadad,
respondentTa didi nawili vaWrobiT iyo dakavebuli da samuSao adgilebiT uzrunvelyofis mimarT
xelisuflebis damokidebulebas uaryofiTad ixseneben. "yvelaze metad xalxis dasaqmebaze unda
ezrunaT. daxmarebebs gvaZlevdnen, magram es Tanxa marto purisTvis ar gvyofnida. iZulebuli
gagvxades vaWroba dagvewyo da mere "vaWrebadac" mogvnaTles. afxazeTSi yvelaze
ampartavani xalxi cxovrobda da yvelaze cota vaWari. xalxi arafer SuaSia, daxlTan dagvinaxes
da Sesabamisad, saxelic mogviZebnes. xelisuflebis bralia aseT dReSi rom aRmovCndiT."

maTi gadmocemiT, gausaZlis pirobebSi aRmoCenis gamo, daiwyes nel-nela afxazeTSi
gadineba da am nabijs swor gadawyvetilebad afaseben.

respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom politikurad afxazeTis sakiTxebSi sasikeTo Zvrebs axali
mTavrobis mosvlamde ver grZnobdnen. ufro metic, raRac etapze imediani ganwyobac ki
SeusustdaT. SevardnaZis periods isini "uZraobis periods" uwodeben. axali mTavrobis saTaveSi
mosvla respondentTaTvis afxazeTis dabrunebaze "axali ocnebebis" wyarod iqca da aseT
damokidebulebas dRemde metnaklebad inarCuneben.

    3.5 damokidebuleba saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mimarT

saqarTvelos dRevandeli xelisuflebis mimarT afxazeTis qarTveli mosaxleobis damokidebuleba
sxvadasxvagvaria. aRsaniSnavia, rom dasawyisSi respondentTa umravlesobis ganwyoba axali
xelisuflebis mimarT sakmaod dadebiTi iyo, rasac saqarTvelos teritoriuli gaerTianebisaTvis
mTavrobis mier gaaqtiurebuli brZolis molodini iwvevda. maTi gadmocemiT, afxazeTis
dabrunebis mimarT uimedo ganwyoba SevardnaZis mmarTvelobis periodma Camoayaliba,
Tumca imedi bolomde arasodes daukargavT. respondentebi paralelebs avleben "SevardnaZis
wyobilebasa" da axali mTavrobis mimarT damokidebulebebs Soris.

    "Zvelma mTavrobam lamis imedebi samudamod dagvimsxvria. axali xelisufleba meti
     SemarTebiT movida da teritoriis gaerTianebaze Zalze aqtiurad daiwyo laparaki. saakaSvilis
     dapirebebma teritoriis gaerTianebis Sesaxeb, ufro gaaZliera imedi."

    "radgan SevardnaZe moviSoreT, imedi ufro gagviCnda. isini bolo dros aRarc ki
     axsenebdnen afxazeTs. Zvel xelisuflebas raRac nabijebi rom gadaedga, axals ufro
     gauadvildeboda, magram axal xelisuflebas yvelaferze fiqri Tavidan uwevs. Cven am
     mTavrobis didi imedi gvaqvs."

respondentTa damokidebuleba am mTavrobis mier afxazeTze zrunvis mimarT, droTa
ganmavlobaSi, uimedo xdeba. am sakiTxze saubars TiToeuli maTgani dadebiTi ganwyobebis
dafiqsirebiT iwyebs. Tumca, saubris msvlelobis momentSive gamoxataven ukmayofilebas, rac
xelisuflebis pasiurobiT aris gamowveuli. afxazeTTan problemebis mogvarebisTvis moqmedebis
dawyeba maT varaudebs ar daemTxva, es ki mTavrobis dapirebebSi eWvis safuZvels iwvevs.

    "teritoriis gaerTianebis imedi, ra Tqma unda, maqvs. magram Zalian grZelvadiani
     aRmoCnda Cemi imedi. wina xelisuflebis drosac mqonda. am xelisuflebis mosvlis dros ufro
     gamimZafrda, magram Sedegi jer ar Cans. mTavari isaa, rodemde mogviwevs lodini."
                                               18
   "xelisuflebis mimarT didi imediT varT ganwyobili. afxazeTis ambebze TiTqos aRarafers
    laparakoben. vfiqrobdi, maleve daiwyeboda seriozuli Zvrebi. magram mainc gvaqvs imedi."

   "afxazeTis dabruneba Zalian sasiamovno sizmaria. yvela ase fiqrobs. xSirad vsaubrobT am
    Temaze, magram sabolood mainc uimedod vamTavrebT. Zalian didi dro gavida da sasikeTo
    rom araferi xdeba, albaT, imitom. saakaSvilmac Tu veraferi hqna, e.i. es teritoria
    davkargeT."

respondentTa nawili vadebze ar saubrobs. isini xelisuflebis mimarT ndobas inarCuneben da
momavlis imedi aqvT. problemebis mogvarebis "dagvianebas" sxvadasxva mizezebs miaweren.

   "amJamidneli xelisuflebis imedi gvaqvs, iqneb davibrunoT afxazeTi. viciT, rom yvelafers dro
    sWirdeba, eseni axali mosulebi arian saTaveSi da velodebiT cvlilebebs."

   "axali xelisuflebis mosvlamdec gvqonda imedi. SeiZleba ubralod, adamianuri Tvisebaa da
    SeveCvieT raRacis lodins. amJamad, xelisufleba Zalian dadumebulia, Cvenze arc
    laparakobs, magram iseTi SemarTebiT movidnen saTaveSi, darwmunebuli var, gasakeTebels
    gaakeTeben. jer oseTs "mixedaven" da mere afxazeTs."

xelisuflebis mimarT dadebiTi damokidebuleba mkveTrad Cans asakovan kategoriebSi. isini
axalgazrdebze Tamamad saubroben xelisuflebis "damsaxurebebze", rac konkretulad maTTvis
saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier gamoyofil daxmarebebs ukavSirdeba. miuxedavad imisa, rom maTi
azriT, daxmarebebis odenoba (14-21 lari) ar aris Zalian didi, kmayofileba gamowveulia afxazuri
mxaris mier gamoyofili pensiebis odenobasTan paralelebis Sedegad. afxazeTis xelisufleba
qarTvel mosaxleobas yovelTviurad pensiis saxiT 100 maneTs anu, daaxloebiT 6 lars uxdis.
respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom aseTi mizeruli Tanxis aReba, miTumetes, afxazebisgan arc Rirs,
magram maTTvis es is Tanxaa, romelic xidis gadmokveTis dros isev afxazebisTvis misacemad
"emetebaT".

   "afxazebi 100 maneTs maZleven. sasacilo Tanxaa, magram zugdidSi rom gadavdivar,
    qviTarSi am Tanxas gulistkivilis gareSe vaZlev. qarTvelebis mocemuli fuli magaTTvis ar
    memeteba."

respondentTa asakovan kategoriebSi aRmoCndnen iseTebic, romlebic afxazeTis mier gamoyofil
Tanxebs ugulebelyofen, radgan "afxazis araferi sWirdebaT", maTi "patroni" saqarTvelos
xelisuflebaa da saTanado yuradRebasac aqcevs. erTaderT mizezad, ris gamoc am Tanxebis
aRebaze uars ar ityvian maTTvis, afxazebis mxridan muqaraa.

   "Tu damemuqrebian da amiT situacia daiZabeba, aviReb. fulis gamo xom ar gavaRizianeb.
    sxva SemTxvevaSi magaTi araferi mWirdeba, Cven patroni gvyavs da minda gaigon es."

respondentTa garkveuli nawili xelisuflebaze saubars pirdapir moTxovnebiYT iwyebs.
pretenziebi, ZiriTadad, mTavrobis mxridan        maTTvis sxvadasxva saxis daxmarebebis
gamoyofas ukavSirdeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom daxmarebebis gamoyofa, respondentTa azriT, xazs
usvavs galis qarTvel mosaxleobaze mTavrobis zrunvas da garda amisa, maT matebs met
Tavdajerebulobas afxazebTan damokidebulebaSi. amitom maTTvis mniSvnelovania nebismieri
saxis daxmareba nebismier sferoSi da konkretul sferoebs, soflis meurneobis garda, ar
asaxeleben.
sainteresoa, rom Zalian bevri respondenti xelisuflebis Sefasebas soflis meurneobaSi arsebuli
problemebis mimoxilviT iwyebs da pirvel rigSi, xelisuflebisgan xelSewyobas soflis meurneobis
ganviTarebaSi moiTxovs. radgan am sferos ganadgureba qarTveli mosaxleobisTvis saarsebo

                                              19
wyaros dakargvasTan pirdapir kavSirSia.

amJamad, yvelaze did problemas raionSi momravlebuli "amerikuli pepela" warmoadgens,
romelic mosavlis aRebamde TiTqmis bolomde anadgurebs naTesebs. pepela modebulia mTel
galis raionSi da respondentTa gadmocemiT, mosalodnelia xexilisa da simindis mosavlis mkveTri
Semcireba. respondentTa azriT, es problema saqarTvelos soflis meurneobis saministros
mosagvarebelia. saministrom ki aucileblad prezidentisgan unda miiRos "mkacri brZaneba"
afxazeTis qarTvelebisTvis daxmarebis gawevis Sesaxeb. mosaxleoba eloda am problemis
mosagvareblad zrunvas mTavrobis mxridan, raSic imedebi gaucruvdaT da xelisuflebis negatiur
daxasiaTebaSi am sakiTxs sakmaod didi wvlili miuZRvis.

respondentTa meore nawili sakmaod seriozulad afasebs gaeros organizaciebis gavlenas afxazur
mxareze. isini erTis mxriv, interesdebian saqarTvelos mTavrobis maT muSaobaSi monawileobis
miRebis SesaZleblobebiT da meores mxriv, Tvlian, rom gaeros samSvidobo organizaciebis mier
afxazeTSi mimdinare nebismieri konfliqtis meti simwvaviT gaxmaureba, Tundac, sainformacio
saSualebebiT, afxazebis mxridan stabilurobis SenarCunebaze zrunvas gazrdis.


    3.6 mosazrebebi politikosebze

sainteresoa respondentTa damokidebuleba saqarTvelos xelisuflebis warmomadgenelTa mimarT.
maT upiratesoba mianiWes xelisuflebis warmomadgenlebs, romlebic zogadad politikaSi meti
aqtiurobiT xasiaTdebian. ris Sedegadac, respondentTa azriT, isini xalxis siyvaruls da
pativiscemas inarCuneben. gamorCeulad saubroben prezidentze. respondentTa umravlesoba
saakaSvilis mimarT dadebiTad aris ganwyobili da aRiarebs, rom saqarTvelos prezidenti

           "mizandasaxuli pirovnebaa da miznis misaRwevad yvelafers gaakeTebs."

           "xalxs afxazeTis dabrunebas Sehpirda da danapirebs aucileblad Seasrulebs."

           "revoluciiT movida, e.i. mebrZoli bunebisaa da mas veraferi SeaSinebs."

           "kargi politikosia, oseTma es aCvena."

           "niWieri da ganaTlebulia, mas Tavisi saidumlo gegma aqvs, razec xmamaRla ar
            saubrobs."

           "afxazeTi misi yvelaze didi warmateba iqneba, es kargad icis da aucileblad
            ibrZolebs."

respondentebi daaxloebiT igive xarisxis ndobas gamoxataven oqruaSvilis mimarT. am
politikosze saubrisas aSkarad igrZnoba respondentTa dadebiTi damokidebuleba da siyvaruli, rac
oseTis movlenebSi misi warmatebuli monawileobiT aris gamowveuli. maTi azriT, oseTis
movlenebSi oqruaSvilis roli yvelaze did imeds iwvevs afxazeTis qarTvel mosaxleobaSi. Tumca,
oqruaSvili maTTvis ufro swori sabrZolo strategiebis dagegmvaSi moiazreba profesionalad da
brZoliT afxazeTis dabrunebis SemTxvevaSi mis monawileobas aucileblobad miiCneven.

    "oqruaSvili Zalze mebrZoli bunebisaa. man oseTSi gmirobis tolfasi saqme gaakeTa. Tu
     afxazeTis dabruneba omiT gviweria, yvelaze metad misi imedi gvaqvs."

    "oqruaSvilis da saakaSvilis imedi gvaqvs. oseTSi ise ivaJkaca oqruaSvilma, aucileblad unda
     CarTos afxazeTis sakiTxebis mogvarebis drosac prezidentma. sityvis kacia, Zalian mebrZoli

                                               20
     bunebisaa, etyoba."

Zalian mniSvnelovania is, rom oqruaSvili politikaSi SedarebiT axali figuraa. politikaSi Tavis
ukeTesad dasamkvirdeblad da ndobis mosapoveblad, mas jer kidev sWirdeba "xalxisTvis kargi
saqmeebis keTeba". es politikosi respondentTaTvis mxolod Zalovani struqturebis liderobis
kandidatad moiazreba, rac "yvelaze kargad gamosdis". miTumetes, roca saubaria afxazeTis
qarTvel mosaxleobaze, maTTvis xalxisTvis kargi saqmis keTebaSi, mxolod da mxolod
teritoriis gaerTianebisTvis seriozuli Zvrebi igulisxmeba.

sxva politikosebis Sefasebisgan respondentebi Tavs ikaveben, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom
gansakuTrebuli damokidebuleba sxvebis mimarT ar gaaCniaT.



    3.7 mosazrebebi saqarTvelos gaerTianebis Taobaze

zogadi politikuri mdgomareobis prognozisagan respodentebi Tavs ikaveben. gamokiTxulTagan
umravlesoba, darwmunebulia, rom teritoriis gamTlianeba moxdeba mokle periodSi. meore
nawili ki gaerTianebis perspeqtivas ufro momavlisTvis debs.

konkretulad vadebis Sesaxeb, respondentebi ar saubroben. isini savaraudo cifrebs asaxeleben mxolod
da mxolod raime saxis pasuxis dafiqsirebis mizniT. maTi sakiTxisadmi damokidebuleba, TiTqmis,
xelisuflebis mimarT damokidebulebis analogiuria. aRsaniSnavia, rom TiTqmis yvela respondenti
saqarTvelos gaerTianebis perspeqtivas axali xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg realurad xedavs.
 "afxazeTs aucileblad davibrunebT. Cveni mTavrobis imedi maqvs, magram es imdenad rTuli
    sakiTxia, rodis moxdeba Znelia Tqma. oseTis problemebi yvelas egona Zalian male
    mogvardeboda. TiTqos gavimarJveT kidec, magram mainc aris problemebi. afxazeTi bevrad
    seriozuli sakiTxia. magram saakaSvili ise Segvpirda, aucileblad daibrunebs teritorias.
    yvelafers asrulebs rasac gvpirdeba. me Zalian momwons axali mTavroba."

    "xelisufleba rom Seicvala, Zalian bednierebi viyaviT. axali ideebiT da dapirebebiT
     movidnen. saakaSvili sul afxazeTze laparakobda da teritoriebis gaerTianebaze. axla TiTqos
     xalxma xeli Caiqnia, sasikeTo Zvrebi rom ar Cans, magram me mainc vfiqrob, rom
     dabrunebis Sansi realuria."

Tumca, aSkarad Cans, rom xelisufalTagan odnavi pasiuroba, respondentebSi uimedo ganwyobas
ayalibebs.

    "ori wlis win avikviate azri, rom axali xelisufleba movida da afxazeTs male daibrunebda.
     axla amaze laparaki ar SemiZlia, saerTod, veranair vadaze ver visaubreb. es niSnavs, rom
     TandaTan imedsac vkargav."

    "weliwadnaxevaria mniSvnelovani araferi xdeba, Tu 2-3 weliwadSic araferi moxda, mere am
     mTavrobis imedsac davkargavT. 2-3 weli is vadaa, ra vadaSic mTavrobam Zvrebis gakeTeba
     unda SeZlos. 2-3 wlis Semdeg veRar vityviT, dro sWirdeba da davacadoTo. amaze, albaT,
     mTavrobac fiqrobs da ramis gakeTebas Tu apirebs, am droSi gaakeTebs kidec."

respondentTaTvis pasiuroba niSnavs:

      "afxazeTis sakiTxebze satelevizio gadacemebSi mcire doziT saubari."

      "galSi dabrunebuli qarTvelebisadmi yuradRebis moduneba".

                                               21
     "ruseTTan afxazeTis sakiTxebze dialogebis Sewyveta".

     "amerikasTan afxazeTis problemebze zedapiruli saubrebi".

     "afxazeTSi myofi qarTvelebisaTvis sxvadasxva saxis daxmarebebis Sewyveta".

     "gaeros samSvidobo ZalebTan mudmivi            kontaqtis   Sesusteba   da   stabilurobis
      SenarCunebisaTvis pasiuri moqmedeba".

     "galis sxva macxovrebelTaTvis xelSeuwyobloba galis teritoriaze dabrunebis mizniT".

respondentTa is nawili, romelmac ukve SeniSna xelisuflebis "pasiuroba" afxazeTTan
dakavSirebiT, am sakiTxis mimarT gaorebul damokidebulebas amJRavneben. erTis mxriv,
TiTqos afiqsireben imedgacruebas, Tumca iqve eZeben xelisuflebis gasamarTlebel mizezebs da
mainc inarCuneben imedian ganwyobas.

   "yvelaferi erTi xelis mosmiT ar keTdeba. erTi weliwadi kidev davelodebi, erT weliwadSi
    galis raioni Tu ar Casaxlda mTlianad, mere saerTod davkargav imeds. Tumca, Cven rom
    gvinda da vgegmavT saqme ise ar aris. TiTqos oseTis problemac mogvarebuli iyo, magram
    problemebi mainc gaCnda. mTavaria, brZola ar wydeba. e.i. saqarTvelo gaerTiandeba."

ucnauria, rom 18-24 wlis asakis respondentebi, miuxedavad afxazeTTan dakavSirebul sxva
sakiTxebze pasiuri damokidebulebisa, savaraudo prognozebis garda, teritoriis gaerTianebis
strategiebzec gamoxataven sakuTar mosazrebebs.

   "afxazeTis dabruneba saerTaSoriso organizaciebis CareviT, Cemi azriT, martivad SeiZleba.
    soxumSi desanti unda Casxan da mTavroba daapatimron. es aris mTavari, Torem afxazi
    xalxi qarTvelebTan erTad cxovrebaze uars ar ityvis."

   "afxazeTis dabruneba Zalian didi xnis Semdeg moxdeba. es mTavroba, mgoni, verafers
    gaakeTebs. saakaSvilis amerikasTan mWidro kavSirebi xalxs imitom uxaroda, amerika
    ruseTisgan iyidis afxazeTso, magram amerikas raSi sWirdeba afxazeTi. an Zalian did
    Tanxebzea saubari, SeiZleba ruseTis principzec – amerikas ar miyidos."

   "saqarTvelom rom amerikasTan kontaqtebi gawyvitos, ruseTs daumegobrdes da ruseTisgan
    iyidos afxazeTi ufro SesaZlebelia, vidre amerikam. TviTon ruseTs aqvs cudi damokidebuleba
    amerikasTan. me sxva gzas ver vxedav. omi araviTar SemTxvevaSi ar unda moxdes. Cemi
    asakis axalgazrdebi ramdenad wavlen saomrad, ar vici. Cvens mSoblebs ki ar gavuSvebT.
    sibereSi mainc xom unda icxovron mSvidad. ramdeni omi unda gadaitanon, Tan 21-e
    saukuneSi. raRac saswauli unda moxdes es teritoria sabolood da srulad rom davibrunoT.
    ise, saswaulebic xdeba."

maTi "mSoblebi" ki afxazeTis dabrunebis savaraudo variantebze saubris dros oms ar
gamoricxaven. isini saubroben molaparakebiT, mSvidobiani gziT problemis mogvarebis
survilebsa da SesaZleblobebze, magram omis aucileblobis SemTxvevaSi, monawileobas ar
uaryofen. omis Tema maTTvis yvelaze mtkivneuli sakiTxia. xSirad axseneben, rom mSvidobiani
cxovreba, daZabulobebisa da konfliqtis gareSe, TiToeuli maTganisTvis umniSvnelovanesia,
Tumca, saubrisas aSkarad igrZnoba kvlav brZoliT gamarjvebis Jini. respondentebi omze
saubrisas afxaz mebrZolebze meti agresiiT, "daqiravebul CeCnebsa da rusebs" ixseneben.

   "Tu saWiro gaxdeba, viomebT. mSvidobiT, civilurad problemis mogvarebas, ra sjobia,

                                             22
     magram afxazebs imas ar vafiqrebinebT, brZola aSinebTo."

    "im omSi afxazebTan erTad CeCnebic ibrZodnen da rusebic. omiT teritoriis gaerTianebaze
     uaris Tqmas simxdaled CagviTvlian. arc amaT undaT konfliqti, magram Tu saWiro gaxda,
     amaze aucilebad ilaparakeben. qarTvelebi CeCnebze naklebi vaJkacebi ar arian. CeCnebs
     gansakuTrebiT ver vitan. bevri qarTuli vaJkacobis mnaxveli var am omSi da bolomde
     vaJkacebad davrCebiT."

    "zogjer isic kiTxvis niSnis qveS dgeba, omi rom daiwyos, wavalT ki saomrad? aseT daZabul
     dros saxlebSi davbrundiT, magram omi aRaravis aRar unda. xalxi daiRala. ufrosebisgan
     msmenia, "axalgazrdebis gvamebis yurebas veRar avitanT, Cven ki odesRac xom gvinda
     simSvide, mTeli cxovreba tanjva, rogori asataniao."

respondentebi teritoriis gaerTianebis Semdgom periodzec fiqroben. maT ar aviwydebaT, rom
omma mosaxleobas Soris mtroba mainc Camoayaliba. orive mxare SesaZlebelia, daZabuli
cxovrebiTa da mudmivi destabilizaciiT daiRala, magram roca erTad cxovrebaze midgeba saqme
orive mxare gaixsenebs warsuls. am mizezis gamo, mSvid cxovrebas gaerTianebul
saqarTveloSi momaval Taobebs "uwinsawarmetyveleben."

    "Cemi azriT, mSvidobianad SeiZleba teritoriis dabruneba, magram aseTi gziT dabrunebas
     Zalian didi dro sWirdeba. Cven SedarebiT ukeTes pirobebSi varT, afxazebi mosaxleobaSi ar
     gvyavs, magram visac afxazis gverdze mouwevs cxovreba, maT mainc sifrTxile marTebT.
     konfliqti Cvens Taobas sul eqneba, axalma Taobam SeiZleba ukeT SeZlos gaerTianeba."

    "afxazebsac aqvT problema. afxazeTi rogorc ar unda iyos, ZiriTadad, qarTvelebiT
     dasaxlebuli regioni iyo da SiSi yovelTvis iarsebebs. qarTvelebis erTad Sesvla rom daiwyos
     molaparakebebis Sedegad, marto raodenobis SeiZleba SeeSindeT, omi xom maTac
     gamoiares da warsuls isinic ver iviwyeben."

aRsaniSnavia, rom respondentebi afxazeTze saubrisas xazs usvaven saqarTvelos teritoriuli
mTlianobis aRdgenas, Zalze iSviaTad xmaroben termins "afxazeTis dabruneba". maTi azriT,
afxazebs ar unda SeeqmnaT STabeWdileba, rom "mezobeli saxelmwifos" teritoriis dapyrobaze
an afxazebis teritoriis dabrunebazea saubari.

    "teritoria saqarTvelosia. afxazeTi iseve hqvia, rogorc samegrelos -samegrelo da kaxeTs –
     kaxeTi, magram afxazebs amas ver gaagebineb. amitom saqarTvelos teritoriul
     gaerTianebaze vilaparakoT, ukeTesia."


    3.8 damokidebuleba afxazeTis xelisuflebis mimarT

galis raionis mosaxleobis informirebulobis done afxazeTSi mimdinare movlenebis mimarT Zalze
mwiria. respondentebs aseve, mcire informacia aqvT afxazeTis mTavrobis muSaobis Sesaxeb.
maTi Sexedulebebi mxolod galis raionSi arsebuli situaciisa da sainformacio saSualebebidan
miRebuli informaciis Sedegad aris Camoyalibebuli.

am sakiTxze saubris dros respondentTa pasuxebi TiTqmis msgavsia. isini erTsulovnad
aRniSnaven, rom afxazeTis mTavrobis cvlilebas, rogorc movlenas, Zalze dadebiTad uyureben.
ufro metic, Zveli mTavrobis Secvlas didi xania elodnen. respondentebisTvis arZinbas droindeli
mTavroba, pirvel rigSi, omTan asocirdeba, rac maTi gadmocemiT, "siZulvilis myar safuZvels"
iZleva. maTTvis es iyo mudmivi destabilizaciis mosurne, ukompromiso, agresiuli,
"qarTvelTmoZule" mTavroba. am ukanasknelze respondentebi auRelveblad da RimiliT
                                              23
saubroben da iqve afiqsireben TavianT damokidebulebas arZinbas mimarT, rom isini
"samagierod, arZinbamoZuleebi" arian.

miuxedavad amisa, respondentebi Tvlian, rom Tavad arZinba sakmaod Wkviani mmarTveli da
kargi politikosi iyo. omSi gamarjvebaSi mis patriotul xasiaTsa da mebrZol bunebas lomis wili
miuZRvis. am mizezebis gamo, xelisuflebis cvlileba afxazeTisaTvis, respondentTa azriT,
"aramomgebiania". afxazi mxarisTvis "Wkviani politikosis" saTaveSi yofna axla, roca
"SevardnaZis wyobileba" gadavarda, metad mniSvnelovania.

zogi respondenti afxazeTis mTavrobas daumorCileblobas "ucxadebs". Tavis xelisuflebad
saqarTvelos xelisuflebas Tvlis da afxazebis muSaobiT arc interesdeba.

   "afxazeTis axalma xelisuflebam Cven ra unda gagvikeTos. an saerTod, isini xom Cvens
    xelisuflebad arc iTvlebian. Cemi mTavroba saqarTvelos mTavrobaa. saqarTvelos mTavrobis
    imedi maqvs, Torem afxazebis imediT Cemi mteri iyos. SedarebiT, TiTqos simSvidea,
    magram esec moCvenebiTia."

afxazeTis mTavrobis arCevnebis mimarT damokidebuleba - afxazeTis amJamindeli mTavrobis
mimarT respondentTa erTi nawilis damokidebuleba wina xelisuflebasTan SedarebiT dadebiTia.
isini Tvlian, rom afxazurma xelisuflebam qarTveli mosaxleobis mimarT midgoma TiTqmis
maSinve Secvala, rac vertikalze sergei baRafSi aRmoCnda. aseTi ganwyobis Camoyalibebas
raionSi SedarebiT meti stabilurobis SenarCuneba iwvevs.

respondentTa am nawils axali xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosvlis mimarTac aqvT garkveuli
Sexedulebebi. maTi azriT, bolo periodSi arZinba qmeduunaro gaxda da radgan "batoni avad
gaxda" aucilebeli gaxda ZalauflebisaTvis axali brZolis gaCaReba. respondentebi Tvlian, rom
bolo arCevnebi, wina arCevnebis msgavsad, aRar iyo erTaderTi kandidatisaTvis xmis micemis
formaluri procedura. baRafSi xelisuflebaSi afxazeTSi darCenili mosaxleobis mxardaWeriT
movida. afxazeTis xalxSi, afxazebis garda, iqauri qarTvelebic igulisxmeba. am respondentTa
azriT, am SemTxvevaSi, pirvelad politikur scenaze axali monawile gamoCnda, afxazi xalxis
saxiT.

amitom respondentTa azriT, baRafSi mxolod kremlidan miTiTebuli brZanebulebebiT veRar
amoiwureba. misi mmarTveloba rom efeqturad warimarTos, man xalxis nebac unda gamoxatos.
respondentebi varaudoben, rom
afxazeTis saxelisuflebo bataliebSi Tbilisic monawileobs. sxva SemTxvevaSi afxazeTis qarTuli
nawili aseT erTsulovnebas ver gamoxatavda arCevnebSi.

ra Tqma unda, respondentebi ar Tvlian, rom baRafSi, kremls daumorCileblobas ucxadebs.
magram erTi nawilis azriT, kremlis brZanebebis Semsruleblad baRafSi mainc naklebad
gamodgeba. radgan mas jer erTi, zurgs umagrebs afxazeTis xalxis neba. da meorec, igi kremlTan
daaxloebuli piri ar aris, ufro biznes-elitis warmomadgenelia.

zogierTi respondentis azriT, afxazeTis mTavroba Semrigeblur politikas iyenebs, rac
qarTvelebisTvis "meti Tavisuflebis" micemaSi vlindeba. maTi azriT, axla qarTvelebTan
damokidebuleba afxazebis mxridan gacilebiT loialuria. maT meti SesaZleblobebi gauCndaT
simSvidis SesanarCunenlad da materialuri mdgomareobis gasaumjobeseblad. Tumca, aseT
mosazrebebs ZiriTadad, galis macxovreblebi gamoTqvaven da maTi ricxvi Zalze mcirea.

   "mTavroba SedarebiT cdilobs, Semrigebluri politikiT miudges xalxs. bazarSi vaWrobis
    uflebac miviReT, quCebSi SedarebiT simSvidea. meurneobebSi muSaobis saSualebac gvaqvs
    da mcired anazRaurebasac gvaZleven. es Zalze mciredia, magram mainc am mTavrobis

                                             24
     damsaxurebad iTvleba."


    3.9 afxazeTis samarTaldamcavi struqturis mimarT damokidebuleba

respondentebi aqtiurad da vrclad saubroben afxaz samarTaldamcvelebze. raionSi
samarTaldamcavebis funqcias afxazuri miliciis Stabebi axorcieleben. gamoikveTa, rom ojaxze
Tavdasxmis SemTxvevaSi, mosaxleobas aqvs daxmarebisTvis maTTan dakavSirebis saSualeba.
am faqtis Sesaxeb respondentTa nawili aRniSnavs, rom "stabiluroba moCvenebiTia da
xelisuflebis mxridan axali politikis gatarebas ukavSirdeba". adre qarTvelTa mimarT agresia
sxvadasxva saxiT vlindeboda, rogorc xelisuflebis, aseve nebismieri araoficialuri afxazuri
dajgufebebis mxridan. amJamad, ki aman kriminaluri saxe miiRo. mosaxleobis awiokeba da
mZevlad ayvana Semcirebulia, magram mainc grZeldeba. mxolod amas, respondentTa
gadmocemiT, afxazi samarTaldamcavebis nacvlad, egreTwodebuli, kriminaluri dajgufebebi
asruleben, romlebic mTavrobis gancxadebiT damoukideblad moqmedeben da maTTan aranairi
kavSiri ar aqvT. am mosazrebis respondentebi, raionSi situaciis amgvar cvlilebas, swored,
gaeros samSvidobo Zalebis arsebobas ukavSireben.

Tumca, ufro didi raodenobis azriT, miuxedavad yvelafrisa, maTi gamoCenis Semdeg,
mdgomareoba gacilebiT stabiluria.

    "afxazeTis amJamindeli mTavroba bevrad jobia Zvels. xalxi SedarebiT mSvidad cxovrobs.
     mTavrobam miliciis Stabebi gaxsna. Tavdasxmebis SemTxvevebSi, SegviZlia maT
     mivmarToT. xSir SemTxvevebSi, obieqturad iqcevian, magram imasac aqvs mniSvneloba vin
     gvesxmis Tavs."

    "afxazeTis axali xelisuflebis mimarT gacilebiT ukeTesi damokidebuleba maqvs. arZinbas
     mTavrobas bevrad sjobia. situacia gacilebiT mSvidia da SiSi cota rom mogvexsna, afxazeTis
     mTavrobis damsaxurebad vTvli. galSic xSirad miwevs Casvla, iqac simSvidea. iseTi
     mdgomareobaa arZinbas mTavrobis dros arsebul mdgomareobasTan Sedarebac ar
     SeiZleba."

    "amJamindeli afxazeTis mTavrobis mimarT Cemi damokidebuleba, ZvelTan SedarebiT
     dadebiTia. CvenTan yvelaze seriozuli, mniSvnelovani problema SiSis sindromia, romelic
     Zalian gamefebulia xalxSi. axali mTavrobis dadebiToba imaSi mdgomareobs, rom rac
     miliciis Stabebi daniSnes, SedarebiT daculad vigrZeniT Tavi. ufro meti Tavisuflebaa, aRar
     xdeba saxlebis awiokeba."

respondentTa meore nawili ki, afxazuri miliciis Stabebis arsebobas metnaklebad dadebiTad
axasiaTebs. maTi azriT, mdgomareoba SedarebiT mSvidia da sagrZnoblad Semcirebulia
yaCaRobisa da qurdobis faqtebi. isini Tvlian, rom yaCaRobis saerTo ricxvis Semcireba
gamowveulia, afxazuri kriminaluri dajgufebebis SemcirebiT, rac aseve, afxazuri miliciis
Stabebis arsebobis damsaxurebaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom samarTaldamcvelebis mier
dayaCaRebaze an sxva kriminalur qmedebaze reagirebis faqtebi Zalze mcirea, mosaxleobis es
nawili maT muSaobas mainc dadebiTad axasiaTebs, radgan warsul periodSi aseTi kriminaluri
qmedebebis mimarT reagireba saerTod ar arsebobda, ris gamoc situaciis gamwvaveba da
mkvlelobebi moxSirebuli iyo.

    "amJamad kriminaluri mdgomareoba mcirediT, magram mainc ukeTesia. am mTavrobis
     mosvlis Semdeg, situacia SedarebiT stabiluria. Tavad afxazurma mxaremac ki daiwyo
     daxmarebis gaweva konfliqturi situaciebis dros. raime problemis SemTxvevaSi,
     SesaZlebloba gvaqvs davukavSirdeT. sakmaod operatiulad modian da gvexmarebian. iseTi
                                              25
    SemTxvevac ki iyo, roca afxazi dasajes yaCaRobisTvis. aseTi SemTxvevebi arZinbas dros ar
    xdeboda. CvenTan qarTvelis mxridan afxazis mkvlelobis SemTxvevac ki iyo. mTeli sofeli
    gaiqca dasamalad, magram afxazebs sakmaod samarTliani reaqcia hqondaT. damnaSave
    daiWires da mas sasjeli miusajes. soflisTvis araferi dauzianebiaT. Tumca, ase ramden xans
    gagrZeldeba ucnobia."

gamokiTxulTa garkveuli raodenoba Zalian did undoblobas gamoxatavs am struqturis mimarT da
dadebiT mxareebze saerTod ar saubrobs. maTTvis es mTavrobis mier qarTvelebisTvis "Tvalis
asaxvevad" mogonili politikaa. maTi azriT, es "viRacasTan pasuxismgeblobis Tavidan
moxsnis mizniT" Camoyalibebuli struqturaa da ndoba ar SeiZleba. am SemTxvevaSi "viRacaSi"
respondentebi ucxoeTs, kerZod, gaeros organizacias gulisxmoben da Tvlian, rom afxazebma
miliciis saxeliT kriminalebisagan "gamoyofa" swored, maTTan "udanaSaulos" imijis
mosapoveblad moigones.

   "axali xelisuflebis mosvlis Semdeg viTom raRac Seicvala, raionSi arsebuli miliciis razmebi
    viTom wesrigs amyareben, TiTqos simSvidea, TiTqos yaCaRobebi Semcirda, magram es
    mxolod viRacis mosaCveneblad keTdeba."

   "axla Txilis aRebis periodia da am Temaze daskvnebis gakeTeba cota adrec aris. axla ufro
    ukeT gamoCndeba yaCaRobebi Semcirda Tu ara. am mTavrobis xelSi jer Txilianobis periodi
    ar gvqonia. es iseTi periodia, mainc eWvi mepareba miliciam gaakontrolos, piriqiT, imisac
    meSinia, TviTonac ar movides dayaCaRebis madaze. gaeros arsebobam Tu ar SeuSala xeli."

respondentTa uaryofiTi ganwyobis mizezi, miliciis razmebis mimarT, mxolod es ar aris. negatiur
damokidebulebas maTi qmedebac iwvevs. miliciis razmebis "TareSiT" gamowveul
ukmayofilebas, ZiriTadad, zeda zonis soflebis macxovreblebi warmoTqvaven. Tavad galSi
macxovreblebi Tavs am mxriv SedarebiT mSvidad grZnoben, radgan gaeros organizacia,
swored, qalaqSi mdebareobs. miliciis Stabebi ramodenime sofelSia ganlagebuli da dRis
ganmavlobaSi sxva soflebSi Semovlas im soflebidan axorcieleben. qveda zonis soflebSi
SedarebiT iSviaTad xdeba maTTan dakavSirebuli incidentebi, Tumca am zonis macxovreblebi
Tavs maqsimalurad daculad mainc ver grZnoben. radgan afxazebi enguris xidamde
"batonoben" da "rodis ra daatydebaT Tavs", ar ician.

   "soflebSi manqanebiT moZraoben. mcire mizezis gamoc ki mihyavT qarTvelebi dakiTxvaze.
    dakiTxvaze moxvedrilebisTvis ki Zalze suleluri da mciredi mizezic ki sakmarisia, rom
    daakavon. afxazurma mxarem raRac beWeddasmuli piradobis mowmobis msgavsi qaRaldebi
    dagviriga. es sabuTi Tu ar aRmogaCnda, Zalian cudad gaqvs saqme. isic ar viciT ra
    SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba mogvTxovon."

   "miliciis TanamSromlebi qarTvelebis ojaxebSi saqeifod dadian. mgoni, gamgebeli pirdapir
    uTiTebs, vis ojaxSi jobia stumroba, swored, saqonlis suladobis gaTvaliswinebiT.
    winaaRmdegobas gawevas azri ar aqvs. aq yvelas uWirs, afxazebisTvis dasaklavi frinveli da
    saqoneli sad aris? zogadad, Zalian damamacirebeli damokidebuleba aqvT Cvens mimarT,
    rac yvelaze metad miSlis xels aq mSvidad cxovrebaSi, SiSze metadac ki."

   "Seuracxyofis imdennairi faqti arsebobs, rom CamoTvlac rTulia. meurneobebSi Sesulan
    afxazebi da qarTvelebisTvis uTqvamT, es teritoria adre mTlianad daWaobebuli iyoo.
    Wkvianad iyaviT, Torem gagistumrebT Tqvens saqarTveloSi da isev Waobad gadavaqcevT
    aqaurobaso. viRacam SeiZleba mogviTiTos, ilaparakon ramdenic undaT, konfliqturi
    situaciaa da bunebrivicaa, rom aseT raRaceebs ityviano, magram mosasmenad rogoria."
respondentebs axali xelisuflebis politikuri qmedebebis Sefaseba uWirT. isini saubroben imaze,
rasac xedaven. politikurad afxazeTis mmarTvelobaze saubris dawyebisas ruseTis politikuri

                                              26
svlebis Sefasebebs akeTeben. maTSi afxazeTis mmarTvelad ruseTi moiazreba, ris gamoc
adgilobriv mmarTvelobas ususurobas miaweren. respondentebi yuradRebas amaxvileben
afxazebis, rogorc eris, SesaZleblobebze. maTTvis afxazebi "msubuqad moazrovne" xalxia,
romlebic arc mmarTvelobis, arc politikosobis niWiT dajildoebuli ar aris.

    "erT dRes ruseTma rom xeli dauqnios, SimSiliT mokvdebian. marto SimSiliT ki ara fetviviT
     daibnevian da vin icis, TviTon dagviwyon xvewna, gviSveleTo. osebi da afxazebis marTuli
     qveyana ra saxsenebelia, ra ician amaTma qveynis marTva. wigni xelSi ar auRiaT da
     qveynis marTvaze pretenziebi rogor SeiZleba hqondeT, magram ruseTis zurgi aqvT. ruseTis
     daxmarebac marTo kunTebze yurebaSi gamoixateba. "ar mogvekaroT, marto ar varTo", am
     principiT arian damSvidebulebi, miuxedavad imisa, rom ar aRiareben da rusebs, mxolod
     megobrebad moixsenieben. rusi jariT daexmareba, teritoria rom ar dakargos, Torem TviTon
     afxazi russ araferSi sWirdeba. kidev erTi omi rom daiwyos, mesame Zalad Seva rusi da
     afxazebis Jletvasac daiwyebs farulad. naxaven afxazebi, rac aris rusTan cxovreba."

ixseneben warsuls da aRniSnaven, rom mSvidobian dros Tanamdebobebze qarTvelebi
iniSnebodnen, Tumca aucilebeli piroba – gvaris afxazurad gadakeTeba, unda SeesrulebinaT.
respondentTa azriT, es faqtoric maT mcirericxovnobasa da gonebrivi SesaZleblobebis sisusteze
metyvelebs. es aris meore motivi, ris gamoc isini afxazeTis mTavrobas undoblobas ucxadeben.

    "afxazeTis mTavrobis muSaobiT arc davinteresebulvar da arc davinteresdebi. ra
     mniSvneloba aqvs. axla afxazeTs ruseTi ganagebs da ruseTis mTavrobis nabijebi yvelam
     kargad icis. TviTon afxazebs ar sjeraT TavianTi mTavrobis da Cven ra STabeWdilebebi
     unda CamoviyaliboT.."

    "politikurad afxazeTis mTavrobis qmedebebze STabeWdilebebi naklebad gvaqvs. didi
     politikosebi ar arian. am mxriv, arZinba ukeTesi politikosi iyo. magram maT es arc
     evalebaT, politikurad afxazeTis xelisuflebaze rocaa saubari, ruseTis xalisuflebis Sefaseba
     ufro Wkvianuria."

    "afxazeTis mTavrobis mimarT ganwyoba saerTod ar gamaCnia. politikis araferi mesmis,
     magram erTi ram vici, maT qveynis marTva ar SeuZliaT. afxazebSi kargi politikosi ar
     daibadeba, ar aqvT amis unari da imitom. es TviTonac kargad ician, magram ixtibars ar
     itexaven. karg drosac Tanamdebobebze sul qarTvelebs niSnavdnen da afxazis saxeli rom
     darqmeoda namuSevars gvars ucvlidnen."


respondentebma aRniSnes, rom arCevnebma raionSi sakmaod mSvidad Caiara. arcerT
respondents monawileoba afxazeTis xelisuflebis arCevnebSi, ar miuRia da arc afxazuri mxridan
hqonia iZulebas adgili.


    3.10 mosazrebebi afxaz mosaxleobaze

kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda, rom afxazeTis qarTvelebs afxaz mosaxleobasTan kavSiri TiTqmis
ar aqvT. maTi saqarTvelos teritoriidan afxazeTSi gadasvlis Semdeg, informirebuloba afxazi
mosaxleobis Sexedulebebis mxriv, ar Secvlila. Cvens mier gamokvleuli teritoria afxazi
mosaxleobiT dasaxlebuli ar aris, ris gamoc qarTvelebs maTi mosazrebebis Sesaxeb, mxolod
savaraudo pasuxebi aqvT. afxazeTis xelisuflebis mimarT Tavad afxazi mosaxleobis ganwyobis
Sesaxeb, respondentebi televiziiT miRebuli informaciis (soxumSi gadaRebuli dokumenturi
filmebis) da "Woris doneze" gagebuli masalis Sedegad akeTeben daskvnebs.


                                               27
    "Tavad afxazebis damokidebuleba TavianTi mTavrobis mimarT, albaT, neitraluria. CvenTan
     afxazebi TiTqmis ar cxovroben. mxolod is adamianebi arian, visac samsaxureobrivad
     evaleba Cvens sofelSi yofna. maTgan sakuTari mTavrobis mimarT ganwyobas ver gaigeb,
     ubralod, am donis urTierToba ar gvaqvs maTTan da amitom. Cemi azriT, CvensaviT
     politikaSi CarTulebi arc arian. dinebas miyvebian. TavianT mTavrobaze rame rom kiTxoT,
     SeiZleba dadebiTad daaxasiaTon, magram mizezi verc giTxran."

respondentebi Tvlian, rom afxazi mosaxleobis didi nawili politikaSi ar aris "kargad
Caxeduli". isini politikiT arasodes interesdebodnen da amJamadac, savaraudoa, rom sakuTari
mTavrobis wevrebis warmomadgenelTa gvarebic ar ician. am mizezis gamo, konkretuli
Sefasebebisa da komentarebisagan Tavs ikaveben, Tumca zedapirulad aRweren afxazebis
ganwyobas. respondentebi saubroben afxazebis mier xelisuflebis Sefasebis SesaZlo variantebze.

    "TviTon afxazebs TavianTi mTavrobis mimarT, Cemi azriT, sakmaod dadebiTi
     damokidebuleba aqvT. raime gansakuTrebuli mizezis gamo ki ara, ubralod aseTi eria, maTi
     meTauri yovelTvis kargia, radgan maTi meTauria. ise mTavrobis saqmianobaze SeiZleba
     araferic ar ician."

    "arZinba gacilebiT Zlieri politikosi iyo, magram xalxs mainc ar uyvarda. afxazebis
     damokidebulebac uaryofiTi iyo mis mimarT. afxazuri mxarisTvis omis mizezad SesaZlebelia
     arZinbac moiazrebodes. axali mTavroba afxazebisTvis bevrs verafers gaakeTebs, magram
     amdeni wlis Semdeg, aucilebeli iyo mTavrobis Secvla. maTac xom WirdebaT normaluri
     cxovreba. viRacam maTzec xom unda izrunos. Tundac qalaqi qalaqs daamsgavsos. soxums
     isev naomari ieri aqvs."

    "sakuTari xelisuflebis mimarT afxazebis ganwyobis Sesaxeb, Cven araferi viciT, magram
     savaraudod, es xelisufleba maT ufro metad unda moswondeT. Tundac imitom, rom eseni
     omTan naklebad asocirdebian."


    3.11 afxazeTis mdgomareoba da perspeqtivebi

respondentebis TqmiT, afxazeTis ekonomika aRmavlobas ar ganicdis. uklebliv yvela
respondenti afxazeTis ekonomikur Zvrebs, iseve rogorc politikurs, ruseTs ukavSirebs. am
sakiTxze saubris dros respondentebi Tavidanve iwyeben ruseTis rolze saubars da Tavad
afxazeTis xelisuflebas SigadaSig axseneben. maTi azriT, ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi ruseTis
pasiurobasac aqvs Tavisi axsna. ruseTs jer xelT ar aqvs teritoriis SenarCunebis garantiebi, ris
Sedegadac, aseve ar aqvs mSvidad yofnis "ufleba". respondentTa azriT, maTTvis afxazeTis
dakargvis saSiSroeba jer kidev arsebobs da es Tavadac kargad ician.

    "afxazeTis ekonomika rom aRorZindes, ruseTis Carevaa saWiro. ruseTic ereva, ra Tqma
     unda, magram saTavisod ereva da afxazeTs jerjerobiT ekonomikuri aRmavlobis araferi
     etyoba. saTavisod Careva teritoriis SenarCunebaze fiqrs niSnavs. ruseTi jer mSvidad ar
     unda iyos am sakiTxSi. misTvis afxazeTis dakargvis saSiSroeba jer kidev arsebobs. mere ra,
     rom amas ar aRiarebs. vidre Cvens qveyanaSi teritoriuli mTlianoba dRis wesrigSi iqneba,
     ruseTs saSiSroeba yovelTvis eqneba."

respondentebi Tvlian, rom, afxazeTis ekonomikur aRmavlobas ramodenime faqtori
gansazRvravs: turizmi, soflis meurneoba, engurhesidan da enguris xididan Sesuli
Semosavlebi. amJamad, TiToeuli sfero "modunebulia", Tumca, respondentTa azriT,
metnaklebad Semosavlebi, mainc turizmiTa da enguris xidiT Sedis. qarTveli mosaxleobis roli
afxazeTis ekonomikis ganviTarebaSic, maTi azriT, Zalze mniSvnelovania. erTerTi mizezi, rac

                                               28
galis raionSi stabilurobis SenarCunebas iwvevs, swored, maTgan Semosavlebis miRebaa.

turizmi – turizmi afxazeTis ekonomikis erT-erTi mTavari sayrdenia, Tumca, amJamindeli
mdgomareobis gamo, respondentebi am azrs ar adastureben. es aris ruseTTis teritoriasTan
"mibmuli" sakurorto zonaa, rac yovelTvis xelsayreli iyo rusi mosaxleobisTvis. amJamad,
miuxedavad imisa, rom afxazeTis yvelaze aqtiuri sakurorto zona, gagra da soxumi, omis
Sedegad ganadurebulia, damsveneblebi rusebis saxiT, mainc ar akldeba. respodentebi
aRniSnaven, rom ZiriTadad, ruseTis mTavrobis warmomadgenlebi stumroben mokle vadiT
afxazeTs. ufro metic, isini dasasvenebel saxlebs iSeneben, rac maTi azriT, am teritoriaze
damkvidrebis survilze kidev erTxel metyvelebs. respondentTa umravlesoba ar adasturebs da
"Woris doneze" mosmenil ambebs yveba, rom rusebi momavalSi apireben saxlebis
mSeneblobas.

   "jerjerobiT ruseTma afxazeTis marTvaSi Tavis moanawileobas mkveTrad rom ar gausvas
    xazi, aSkara cvlilebebs ar awarmoebs, Torem afxazeTi turizmis mxriv imdenad kargi da
    mdidari mxarea, am zafxuls turizmiT Semosul Semosavlebs ar dakargavda ruseTi.
    samomavlod darwmunebuli var apirebs kidec mdidrulad mowyobil sakurorto zonad aqcios.
    ruseTis mTavrobas rom afxazeTis teritoriaze seriozuli daCebis mSenebloba aqvT
    gaCaRebuli, es yvelasaTvis naTelia."

   "aseTi lamazi qalaqi, qalaqi romelic turizmiT saqarTvelosac aWmevda da ruseTsac
    komunistebis dros, amden xans ratom unda iyos ase aoxrebuli. rusma pozicia unda
    gaimagros, kargad unda darwmundes, rom mis aSenebuls aRaravin daangrevs da mere
    wava investiciebi. sul rusebi Seisyidian yvela seriozul dawesebulebas da Senobas. mere
    mixvdebian afxazebi ra ubedurebaSic gayves Tavi."

   "turizmis aRorZinebaze afxazeTze adre ruseTma daiwyo zrunva. albaT, TviTon aaSenebs
    dasasvenebel saxlebs da mere mTel Semosavals TviTon waiRebs. afxazebi dasaqmdebian,
    xelfasebi eqnebaT da esec kmara. komunizmis dros rac xdeboda, zustad igive modelia.
    moswonda arZinbas es komunizmi da ra eqna. Torem xalxis damokidebuleba amJamindel
    afxazeTSi cxovrebis donis mimarT, darwmunebuli var, rom uaryofiTia."

soflis meurneoba _ soflis meurneoba amJamad, Zalze ganadgurebulia. respondentebi Tvlian,
rom rac galis teritoriaze qarTveli mosaxleoba dabrunda, am mxriv, situacia SedarebiT
gaumjobesda. soflis meurneoba ZiriTadad, galisa da koCaris raionebSi iyo ganviTarebuli. omis
Semdgom periodSi, sakamod didi teritoria upatronod aRmoCnda, ramac mosavlianoba Seamcira
da bunebrivia, am dargiT regions Semosavlebi faqtiurad aRar Sesdioda.

amJamad, galis raionSi, garda qarTvelTa samosaxlo teritoriebze moweuli mosavlisa, afxazebma
meurneobebis ayvavebac daiwyes, sadac qarTvelebsac eZlevaT muSaobis saSualeba.
respondentebi Tvlian, rom ekonomikis gaZlierebisTvis am sferodan Sesuli Semosavlebi, Zalze
mizerulia, magram omis Semdgom periodze metia. afxazebi qarTvelebisgan gadasaxadis saxiT,
garkveuli odenobis produqts iReben, rac sabolood sakmaod solidur raodenobas Seadgens. maTi
Sromis Sedegad afxazeTis "sakeTildReod zrunvas", respondentebi cota cinikuradac ki
udgebian. maTi azriT, "SimSiliT dasustebul afxazebs, sulze mouswres, Torem ruseTidan
Semoziduli ZexvebiT, ukve suls Rafavdnen."

   "axlac TiTqmis Cvens mier moyvanili mosavliT ikvebebian afxazebi. aq citrusic bevria,
    Txilic, mesaqonleobac ganviTarebulia. axla mesaqonleoba cota CamorCenilia. xalxs
    saSualeba ar aqvs, rom saqonels mixedos da amitom, Torem am raionidan saqarTveloSi
    yvelaze didi raodenobiT saxorce masala gadioda da rZis nawarmi, ra Tqma unda mTian
    regionebs ar vgulisxmob. TviTon ricxobrivad imdeni ar arian, rom amxela teritoriaze

                                            29
    mosavlisTvis miexedaT. amitom afxazebsac awyobdaT Cveni dabruneba. Cven axla maTTvis
    muSa-xeli varT. vSromobT, Cveni ojaxebis gamosakvebad mosavali mogvyavs, isini ki xarks
    iReben. meurneobebs daepatronnen da iqac gvamuSaveben. mcireoden Tanxas gvixdian,
    magram mosavali xom maTia. garda amisa, bazarSic Calis fasad yiduloben produqts."

engurhesi – rogorc respondentebi aRniSnaven, engurhesis Semosavlebis mxriv, sakmaod
seriozul wyaros warmoadgenda afxazeTisTvis. omis Semdgom am gziT Semosuli Tanxebi
afxazeTma faqtiurad mTlianad dakarga. sakmaod bevri respondenti Tvlida, rom dRemde galis
raionis nawils eleqtroenergias engruhesi awvdis. isini msjelobis procesSi aanalizebdnene
naTqvams da uaryofdnen, Tan dasZendnen "engurhesSi imdeni xalxi iyo dasaqmebuli,
maviwydeba kidec rom sazRvris aqeT varT."

zogierTi maTgani fiqrobs, rom engurhesSi afxazebi amJamadac muSaoben, radgan maTi azriT,
ruseTi garkveuli wilis mflobelia. Tumca am informacias ver adastureben.

   "engurhesi galis raionisTvis seriozuli ekonomikuri Zala iyo. amJamadac muSaoben afxazebi
    engurhesSi. me vfiqrob, rom ruseTs garkveuli wili aqvs engurhesSi. ekonomika qmnis
    politikas, magram ruseTma jer politikaSi CareviT daiwyo monawileoba da Zalian
    daimkvidra Tavi. Tumca, saamiso saSualeba Cven miveciT da axla problemas unda
    mivxedoT, mudmivad wuwuni arafers gvargebs."

enguris xidi – enguris xids afxazeTis qarTveli mosaxleobisaTvis mravalmniSvnelovani
datvirTva aqvs. raSic, afxazebisTvis Sesuli Semosavlebic moiazreba. galis raionis qarTvelebs
sakmaod xSirad uwevT xidis gadmokveTa. isini zugididis teritoriaze, ZiriTadad, savaWrod
dadian. xidis gadmokveTa garda moraluri da fizikuri daucvelobis SiSisa, respondentebSi sxva
problemebsac iwvevs, rac mgzavrobisaTvis savaldebulo qviTris gaurkveveli RirebulebiT aris
gamowveuli. xidze dganan afxazebi, romlebic sxvadasxva motiviT mosaxleobisgan Tanxas an
naturalur produqts iTxoven. mizezi SesaZlebelia yovel Tve axali aRmoCndes, "gaaCnia, vis ra
idea daebadeba." magaliTad, respondentTagan nawili hyveba, rom Tu Txilis gayidva zugdidSi
moindomes, erT kilogramze 10 TeTriT ibegrebian. am Tanxas survilis Sesabamisad, aqeTa an
iqeTa gzaze ixdian. ra Tqma unda, Txilsac Tavad wonian. garda amisa, ixdian "raRac qviTris"
Rirebulebas, romelic 5-dan 8 laramde meryeobs.

respondentTa meore nawili ki, yveba, rom afxazebis mier dawesebuli begaris garda, sxva
Tanxebis moTxovna ar xdeba. gamonaklisi xdeba im SemTxvevaSi, Tu begara droulad ar aqvs
glexs mitanili afxazisTvis. magaliTad, soflebSi Txilis gadasaxadi TiToeul ojaxze daaxloebiT 20-
dan 50kg-mdea. Tu mosavlis aRebisTanave ar misces es raodenoba afxazebs, zugdidSi
gadmosvlis dros, sazRvarze aucileblad CamoerTmevaT produqti. problema imaSi mdgomareobs,
rom Tu manamde 20 kilogrami unda gadaexadaT, amJamad SesaZlebelia gaormagebuli
raodenobiT moiTxovon afxazebma jarimis saxiT. am mizezis gamo, yofila SemTxvevebi, roca
glexs gasayidad gansazRvruli mTeli raodenoba sazRvarzeve CamoerTva da zugdidSi
gadmosvlas azric ar hqonda. Tumca, aris SemTxvevebi, roca zustad igive raodenobas arTmeven.
es aris problemebi, romlebic gardauvalia sazRvris gadmokveTisas.

arsebobs damatebiTi moTxovnebic maTi mxridan, romelic respondentebma ver aRweres, radgan
yoveli maTgani Zalze gansxvavebulia da ZiriTadad, Tanxebs exeba. qarTvelebis mier afxazeTis
sazRvris gadmokveTa ki sakmaod xSirad xorcieldeba. mosaxleobas adgilze produqtiT
vaWroba "ar uRirs", radgan adgilze yvelaferi iafia. aqedan gamomdinare, maTi azriT
enguris xidi, afxazebisTvis sakmaod seriozul Semosavlis wyaros warmoadgens da ar
gamoricxaven, rom Tundac erTi zonis biujeti, mxolod am saxiT Sesuli TanxebiT ivseba.

   "enguris xidze Zalian seriozuli fuli keTdeba. sakmaod bevri xalxi gadmodis da brundeba

                                              30
     ukan. orive gzaze marto qviTrebiT Sesuli Tanxebic sakmarisia galis an koCaris biujeti rom
     Sedges."

zogadad, afxazeTis ekonomikuri aRmavloba, respondentTa azriT, "cotas igvianebs", rac
mxolod da mxolod ruseTis mxridan "Segnebuli" pasiurobis Sedegia. maTi azriT, ruseTi
teritoriaze "fexis safuZvlianad mokidebis" garantiebs elodeba. "afxazeTis ekonomika
aRmavlobas ar ganicdis. afxazeTis ekonomikuri Zvrebi ruseTzea damokidebuli. ruseTs
ratomRac ar eCqareba."


    3.12 damokidebuleba ruseTis politikis mimarT

ruseTis nebismieri roli afxazeTis cxovrebaSi qarTveli mosaxleobisTvis protests iwvevs.
respondentebi ruseTis politikas martivad, afxazeTis SenarCunebisTvis brZolas uwodeben.
konkretulad, mis gegmebze komentarebs ver akeTeben, Tumca TiTqmis yvela respondenti Tvlis,
rom saqarTvelos dakargvis SiSi dRemde aqvT.

ruseTis politikaze saubrisas, respondentebi yuradRebas amaxvileben saqarTvelos mTavrobis
Secdomaze, rac omis dawyebas ukavSirdeba da imdenad adanaSauleben qarTul mxares
ruseTisTvis "afxazeTis xelSi Cagdebis" gamo, TviTonve xvdebian rom "ucodveli kravi" arc
ruseTia da iqve iwyeben mis kritikas. respondentTaTvis, ruseTis amJamindeli roli afxazeTia
mmarTvelobaSi Zalze "Cveulebrivi" movlenaa da es gaRizianebas ar iwvevs.

    "rusebis roli rom omSi Zalian didia da axla rom mTlianad rusi ganagebs afxazeTs, es
     bavSvmac icis. mTeli politikuri svlebi, ekonomika, kulturac ki rusebis gavleniT viTardeba
     afxazeTSi. afxazi rusisi gareSe Zalian martiv gadawyvetilebasac ki ver miiRebs imitom, rom
     es omi rusma moigo da afxazi rusTan valSia. ise, me ase vityodi: es omi rusma ki ar moigo,
     Cven wavageT! konkretulad, politikaSi ra Zvrebs awarmoebs rusi, ar vici. politikosi ar var
     da ar davinteresebulvar am TemiT. ise ki faqtia, Zalian gauWirdeba CvenTvis am teritoriis
     kvlav "daTmoba".

Tumca, sruliad gansaxvavebuli damokideuleba aqvT momavalSi ruseT-saqarTvelo-afxazeTis
problemis mimarT. bunebrivia, rom respondentebs ar surT ruseTis saboloo "gamarjveba"
saqarTveloze afxazeTis "mitacebiT". amitom isini, amerikasTan mWidro urTierTobebze ufro
mondomebiT saubroben. respondentebisTvis ruseTi amerikis mteria, xolo amerikisTvis ruseTi
"Zlieri konkurenti". aseTi gansazRvreba zogadia da mxolod afxazeTis sakiTxebs ar exeba,
magram am sakiTxSic respondentebisTvis sasurvelia, konkurencia SeinarCunos, rac maTi azriT,
aucileblad gamarjvebamde miiyvans. sxva SemTxvevaSi, respondentTa azriT, saqarTvelos
ruseTTan brZolis Sansi ar aqvs.

    "droTa ganmavlobaSi, ekonomikac ganviTardeba. amaSi eWvi ar mepareba. teritoria Tu ar
     daibrune Cvenma mTavrobam, aseT Zvirfas teritorias gasaCanageblad aravin gaimetebs.
     rusi ise mixedavs, cota xanSi verc vicnobT aqaurobas. gavixsenoT soCa rogoria axla.."

afxazeTis mTavrobis arCevnebs, respondentebis gadmocemiT, srulad ganagebda ruseTi. es aris
erTerTi mizezi, ris gamoc respondentebma monawileoab ar miiRes. maTi azriT, maT mier
micemul xmebs araviTari mniSvneloba ar mieniWeboda. ruseTi ise gadawyvetda afxazTa
Tanamdebobebs, rogorc TviTon surda. am faqts respondentebi mSvidad Sexvdnen, radgan
maTTvis naTelia, rom "vidre teritorias viRac epatroneba, Cinovnikebsac TviTon irCevs."




                                               31
    3.13 ganaTlebis xelmisawvdomoba

galis raionSi ganaTlebis sistemas sakmaod bevri problema axlavs. pirvel rigSi, aRsaniSnavia,
rom saganmanaTleblo dawesebulebebi kritikul mdgomareobaSia. sabavSvo baRebisa da skolebis
Senobebi kapitalur remonts saWiroebs, aklia inventari, aRWurviloba da saswavlo masalebi.

raionSi qarTveli mosaxleobis Sedinebis periodidan ramodenime weli, qarTvelebs saSualeba ar
eZleodaT swavla-ganaTleba mieRoT qarTul skolebSi. raionSi arcerTi qarTuli skola ar
funqcionirebda, ris gamoc, mSoblebi iZulebulni iyvnen bavSvebi rusuli skolebisTvis
miebarebinaT.

rusul saSualo skolebSi ganaTlebis miReba ar warmoadgenda imden problemas, ramdenadac
sakmaod bevri sagnis swavla mimdinareobda afxazur enaze. bavSvebs, "viRacis" survilis
mixedviT, sxvadasxva sagnebis afxazur enaze swavlas miuTiTebdnen. viRacaSi respondentebi
ar gulisxmoben pedagogebs. aramed maT, vinc amis Sesaxeb brZanebas gascemda da igi yovel
jerze SesaZlebelia sxvadasxva piri yofiliyo. dawyebuli miliciis ufrosidan, gamgebliT
damTavrebuli. afxazur enaze swavleba problemas warmoadgenda, ara mxolod enis ucodinrobiT
gamowveuli sirTulis gamo, aramed qarTveli mosaxleoba Tavs damcirebulad grZnobda da am
mizezis gamo, Zalze xSirad bavSvebs skolebSi arc ki uSvebdnen.

Tumca, aqac arsebobda winaaRmdegoba. isev igive "viRac" skolis pedagogebisgan Rebulobda
informacias TiToeuli bavSvis daswrebis Sesaxeb. im bavSvebis mSoblebs, ki visac bevri
gacdena ufiqsirdeboda, pasuxi unda gaeca skolis direqciisTvis da aexsna gacdenis mizezebi.
amitom mSoblebma, konfliqtis damatebiTi mizezisagan Tavis dasaRwevad, bavSvebs
aiZulebdnen evloT skolaSi da eswavlaT afxazur enebze.

skolebSi bavSvebs pedagogebisgan esmodaT saqarTvelosa da qarTvelebis salanZRavi
sityvebi. ZiriTadad, cinikuri damokidebuleba. respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom gakveTilebze
bevrjer policiis TanamSromlebic Sesulan da bavSvebs damuqrebian ojaxis awiokebiT.

garda amisa, xSiri iyo skolebis darbeva. respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom skolis darbevis
Sedegad msxverpli arasodes yofila, Tumca bavSvebma sakmaod serizouli stresi ganicades da
darbevis Semdeg bevrma maTganma saerTod swavla-ganaTlebaze uaris Tqmac ki moindoma.

qarTuli skolebis gaxsnam problemebi nawilobriv moagvara. amJamad, galis raionSi 32
qarTuli skola muSaobs. aris soflebi, romlebSic jer qarTuli skolebi ar gaxsnila, Tumca
respondentebi arsebuli raodenobiTac kmayofilebi arian. sawyis etapze mSoblebi skolebSi
bavSvebis gaSvebisgan Tavs ikavebdnen. isini SiSobdnen afxazebis mxridan raime incidents ar
hqonoda adgili, magram etapobrivad, am sakiTxis mimarT stabilurobis SenarCunebis gamo,
skolebSi bavSvebis ricxvmac imata.

qarTuli skolebis gaxsna afxazeTis legitimuri mTavrobis damsaxurebaa, romlebic
pedagogebis anazRaurebazec zrunaven. respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom raionSi qarTuli skolebis
arseboba am etapze, sakmaod didi saCuqaria bavSvebisTvis da mSoblebisTvisac. maqsiamluri
usafrTxoeba arc am skolebSia daculi, Tu moindomes, roca undaT maSin daarbeven, magram
qarTul enaze swavleba afxazeTSi, maTi azriT, sasikeTo cvlilebebisken miuTiTebs.

    "aravin icis, afxazs, rodis mouvlis TavSi da rodis moisurvebs, am sakiTxze kamaTs, magram
     am etapze SedarebiT simSvidea. ra Tqma unda, skolebSi aqtiurad iswavleba rusuli enac,
     magram bavSvebi mainc qarTul garemoSi arian. Tavad, skolis Senobebi Zalian
     mouwesrigebelia, magram es ra gasakviria. saxlebi gvaqvs mouwesrigebeli, mTeli qalaqi
     gadamwvar-gadabugulia da bavSvebs skolis damwvari kedlebi sul ar ukvirT. es maTTvis

                                              32
    ukve mSobliur gancdad iqca."

respondentebi afxazebis mimarTac gamoTqvaven kmayofilebas, rom qarTuli skolebis gaxsnis
ufleba misces qarTvelebs. skolaSi mosawavleebisTvis dawesebulia gadasaxadi, romelic 4-dan 7
laramde meryeobs. am Tanxis gamoyeneba sxvadasxva mizniT xdeba: saklaso oTaxebis
gasaTbobad, saxelmZRvaneloebisTvis. mcire nawils, respondentebis gadmocemiT,
SesaZlebelia, maswavleblebi iReben, magram gadasaxadze, nebismieri saWiroebis miuxedavad,
arcerTi respondenti ukmayofilebas ar gamoTqvavs.

   "swavleba TveSi 6 lari Rirs. ar vici es Tanxa vin daawesa, magram xalxi patiosnad ixdis.
    qarTuli skola, erTaderTi maniSnebelia am teritoriaze, rom saqarTveloSi xar da amisTvis fuli
    aravis enaneba."


   "skolebSi Tviurad 5 lars vixdiT, magram xalxi amaze ar wuwunebs. es Tanxa mcireodeni
    inventarisaTvis, zamTarSi gasaTbobad da cota pedagogTa wasaxaliseblad aris gankuTvnili.
    maT xelfasebs uxdis Cveni mTavroba, magram Zalian mciredi Tanxaa da marto am xelfasis
    gamo aseTi pasuxismgeblobis aReba SeuZlebelia. pedagogebi gansakuTrebuli riskis qveS
    muSaoben. maT sakuTari Tavis garda amdeni bavSvis mfarveloba uwevT aseT dros, magram
    mainc dadian samuSaod."

   "Cvens sofelSi skolaSi gadasaxadi 7 laria. TiTqos es Tanxa ar aris cota. glexma, Tan Cvens
    pirobebSi, saidan unda moitanos skolaSi gadasaxdeli 7 lari, magram xalxi mainc ixdis.
    mSobliur miwaze vcxovrobT, magram am wuTas afxazeTi hqvia, im xalxis gverdiT gviwevs
    siaruli da cxovreba, visac tyvias vesrodiT da gvesroda da rac mTavaria, rusi mfarvelobs
    maT. aseT atmosferoSi Cvens Svilebs saSualeba eZlevaT mSobliuri enaze iswavlon sagnebi.
    swored, am mizezis gamo ar ixevs Cveni xalxi gadasaxadze ukan."

skolebi, ra Tqma unda, keTilmowyobili ar aris. saklaso oTaxebi SesakeTebelia. magram
respondentTa gadmocemiT, skolebis keTilmowyobaze jerjerobiT ar fiqroben. azri ar aqvs,
afxazebi amiT SesaZlebelia gaaRizianon an "cudad TvalSisacemi" gaxdes maTTvis. rac
problemebs gamoiwvevs da skolebis funqcionirebac akrZalon.

respondentebis gadmocemiT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam, daxmarebis saxiT, dawyebiTi klasebis
saxelmZRvaneloebi gaugzavna galis macxovreblebs. ris gamoc isini Zalian did kmayofilebas
gamoTqvaven. respondentebs nebismieri saxis daxmarebis mimarT saqarTvelos mTavrobis
mxridan, Zalze madlieri damokidebuleba aqvT. maTTvis es adasturebs, rom "xelisuflebas isev
axsovT da maT problemebzec zrunaven."

rac Seexeba swavlebis dones, respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom sakmaod maRalia. axalgazdra
pedagogebic hyavT. klasebSi bavSvebis raodenoba maqsimum 15-ia. pedagogebs aseT mcire
raodenobasTan muSaoba uadvildebaT da maTi azriT, swavleba sakmaod Sedegiania.
respondentTa imasac amboben, rom afxazeTis qarTul skolebSi swavlebis xarisxi zugdidis
skolebze maRalia. rac mTavaria, bolo periodSi bavSvebi skolas ar acdenen. maTi gadmocemiT,
dawyebiT klasebSi bavSvebs sakmaod uWirT swavla. maTTvis problema enis codnaa. zogierTi
ojaxebi Zalian patara bavSvebiT dabrundnen afxazeTSi. es bavSvebi am garemoSi gaizardnen
da rusuli ufro nacnobi enaa maTTvis. amitom qarTul skolebSi dasawyisSi swavla uWirT,
magram rogorc respondentebi aRniSnaven, am problemas pedagogebis daxmarebiT nel-nela
umklavdebian.

`^bavSvebisTvis qarTuli enaze saubari da azrovneba ojaxebSi megruli garemos gavlenacaa.
ojaxis wevrebi megrul enaze ekontaqtebian erTmaneTs. afxazebisgan mxolod rusulad saubars

                                              33
ismenen da bunebrivia, qarTuli aviwydebaT, magram es problema, gansakuTrebiT galis
raionisTvis axali ar aris, wlebis ganmavlobaSi, omamdel periodSic ase xdeboda da TavisTavad
problemis mogvareba rTulia&.

umaRles saswavleblebSi swavlas qarTvelebi, ZiriTadad, saqarTvelos arsebul umaRlesebSi
agrZeleben. xelisSemSleli faqtorebi, saswavleblad Cvens teritoriaze gadmosvlis mxriv, afxazebis
mxridan ar aris. zafxulobiT, Cveulebriv brundebian saxlebSi da ardadegebs galis teritoriaze
atareben. afxazeTSi, kerZod, soxumSi, swavlis gasagrZeleblad, respondentTa ojaxebidan arcerTi
ar wasula. Tumca, maT daasaxeles ramodenime aseTi SemTxveva, TavianTi Tanasoflelebis
Sesaxeb da aRniSnes, rom am mxriv problemebi ar arsebobs.

respondentebi    aRniSnaven,     rom      maTi    raionis  zogadsaganmanaTleblo      skolis
kursdamTavrebulebma warmatebiT Caabares saqarTvelos erovnuli gamocdebi, repetitorebis
Carevisa da yovelgvari daxmarebis gareSe. aseTi SemTxvevebi raionSi ramodenimea.
respondentebi am tipis magaliTebis saSualebiT, Tamamad saubroben swavlebis maRal xarisxze.

mosaxleobis ganwyobidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom ganaTlebis sistema erTaderTi
sferoa, romelze pretenziebic SedarebiT naklebia. es qarTuli skolebis arsebobiT, swavlebis doniT
kmayofilebisa da daxmarebiT miRebuli saxelmZRvaneloebis Sedegia. am problemebis
mogvareba, maTi azriT, mTlianad saqarTvelos mTavrobis damsaxurebaa. rac maT simSvidis
saSualebas ar aZlevT da araferi ician ramden xans gagzrZeldeba es daxmareba.


    3.14 jandacvis sferos momsaxurebis xelmisawvdomoba

jandacvis sistema galis raionSi sruliad mouwesrigebelia. es aris sfero, romelSic yvelaze meti
problemebi gamovlinda. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom raionSi samedicino dawesebulebebi TiTqmis ar
funqcionirebs. respondentebi aRniSnaven, rom muSaobs erTaderTi saavadmyofo galSi, romlis
momsaxurebiTac isini ar iSviaTad sargebloben.

samedicino dawesebulebis momsaxurebiT sargeblobis dabali maCveneblebis gamo, bunebrivia,
respondentebi samedicino personalis muSaobis xarisxze komentarebs ver akeTeben. aseve, ar
ician ramdenad aRWurvilia saavadmyofo teqnikiTa da medikamentebiT.

adgilobrivi samedicino dawesebulebis momsaxurebaze repondentebi ramodenime mizezis gamo
amboben uars. jer erTi, isini ar endobian eqimebis kvalifikacias. meorec, fiqroben, rom
saavadmyofoSi "wamlisTvis misvlas azri ar aqvs", radgan is wamlebi, rasac qarTvelebisTvis
daxmarebis aRmoCenis mizniT "imeteben", TiToeuls saxlSi aqvs da "calke mgzavrobisTvis fulis
xarjva sisulelea".

raionis macxovreblebi SedarebiT xSirad sargebloben saavadmyofos momsaxurebiT. Tumca,
momsaxurebaSi amjerad Zalian wvrilmani samsaxuris gaweva igulisxmeba, rogoricaa wnevis
gazomva, eqTnis momsaxureba, pirveladi daxamrebisTvis saWiro medikamentebis miReba da
a.S. aseTi tipis momsaxurebiT respondentebi ZiriTadad, maSin sargebloben, roca sazRvarze
problemebi iqmneba da zugdidSi gadasvla SeuZlebelia.

respondentebi saubroben saqarTvelos mTavrobis mier Sesul humanitarul medikamentebze,
Tumca am humanitaruli misiis Sesaxeb, mxolod informacias floben da arcerT maTgans
medikamentebi ar miuRia.

    "roca sazRvari gadaketilia, xalxs zugdidSi gadasvlis saSualeba ar eZleva, wamlebic Znelad
     iSoveba. yvela ufrTxildeba im TiTo abs, iqneb Tavad daWirdes da Sen saTxovnelad ver

                                              34
     miadgebi. am dros vsargeblobT samedicino punqtebiT, magram wamali imaT mgoni Cvenze
     metad uWirT. Cvenma mTavrobam raRac preparatebi Semoitana humanitaruli daxmarebis
     saxiT, magram ar viciT CvenTvis unda daerigebinaT Tu samedicino punqtSi saWiroebis
     SemTxvevaSi unda gamoeyenebinaT. yovel SemTxvevaSi, arc erTi gziT miuRiaT da arc
     meore."

    "citramoni da analgini Cvenc gvaqvs ojaxebSi da iq mets verafers gadalevineben. "no-Spa"
     rom ar eqneba saavadmyofos, romel wamalze da medikamentze unda ilaparako."

realurad saavadmyofo aRWurvilia Tu ara medikamentebiT, respondentebma ar ician. isini
fiqroben, rom raionSi dasaqmebuli afxazebisTvis momsaxurebis xarisxi gacilebiT maRalia,
Tumca amgvari pasuxebi dausabuTebelia da mxolod maTi varaudis Sedegia.

garda CamoTvlili problemebisa, arsebobs erTi mniSvnelovani faqtori, ris gamoc qarTveli
mosaxleoba ukmayofilebas gamoTqvavs. qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris raime incindentis
SemTxvevaSi, respondentebis azriT, adgilobrivi saavadmyofos momsaxurebiT sargeblobas,
ojaxur pirobebSi daxmarebis gawevas aniWeben upiratesobas. rac aseT SemTxvevebSi
afxazebis mxridan, eqimebze zewolis faqtebiT aris gamowveuli da xSirad pacientis
gardacvalebiT sruldeba.

ZiriTadad, respondentebi zugdidis, quTaisisa da Tbilisis samedicino centrebis momsaxurebiT
sargebloben. am mxriv, dafiqsirda maTi kmayofilebac. kmayofileba gamowveulia maTTvis
saqarTvelos jandacvis saministros mier dawesebuli garkveuli tipis SeRavaTebiT, riTac
respondentebi aqtiurad sargebloben.


    3.15 sainformacio wyaroebi

respondentTaTvis ZiriTad sainformacio wyaros televizia warmoadgens. telemauwyeblobis
miRebis saSualeba raionSi sakmaod mowesrigebulia. galis raionis macxovreblebs aqvT qarTuli,
rusuli da afxazuri telearxebis yurebis saSualeba, romelTagan ZiriTadad, uyureben "rusTavi 2"-s,
"imeds", zugdidis televizias "odiSs" da ramodenime rusul telearxs. radiomauwyebloba galis
raionSi ar vrceldeba.

    "televizias ar vuCiviT. ruseTis arxebsac iWers, saqarTvelos arxebsac. zogjer TurqeTsac ki
     vuyurebT. Cven ZiriTadad, sainformacio gadacemebs varT miSterebuli da sxva gadacemebs
     Tvalyurs naklebad vadevnebT, magram televiziis saSualebiT sakmaod informirebuli varT, ra
     xdeba irgvliv. ZiriTadad, `imeds~ vuyurebT da zugdidis adgilobrivi televiziis saSualebiT
     "rusTavi 2"-s."

    "televizia normalurad muSaobs. qarTul arxebs vuyurebT. ZiriTadad, "imedi", "rusTavi 2",
     "pirveli arxi", zugdidis televizia. rusul arxebsac vuyurebT. gadacemebs Soris vuyurebT
     yvelafers, survilis mixedviT. ra Tqma unda, sainformacio gadacemebs gansakuTrebulad
     vadevnebT Tvalyurs, magram es mTel saqarTveloSi ase xdeba, marto afxazeTSi ki ara.
     radios xma karga xania ar gagvigia. arc maxsovda radios arseboba."

raionSi ar vrceldeba presa. Tumca, miuxedavad amisa, respondentebs zugdididan garkveuli
sixSiriT gadmoaqvT qarTuli gazeTebi da erTmaneTSi avrceleben. sazRvarze gazeTebis
gadmotana problemas ar warmoadgens. respondentebi ver asaxeleben, roca afxazebis mxridan
am sakiTxze Seqmnil vercerT problemas.

    "presa Cvens raionSi ar vrceldeba. aq qarTul gazeTs vin Semoitans. magram Cvens xalxs
                                              35
     gadmoaqvs zugdididan. gazeTebis gadmotana problema ar aris. mec gadmomitania.
     sazRvarze rom gadmovdiodi xelSi meWira gazeTi. erTma afxazma gamomarTva, daxeda da
     miTxra, "es romeli gazeTia, Tqveni mTavrobis Sesaxeb zRaprebi rom weriao?"
     gadaixarxara da gazeTi damibruna."


    3.16 momavlis mimarT damokidebuleba


respondentTa samomavlo gegmebi TiTqmis erTnairia. arcerTi maTgani ar fiqrobs afxazeTis
teritoriis xelaxal datovebaze, Tumca xmamaRla dadasturebiT am Temaze saubars
respondentTa nawili gaubis. "amaze laparakis cota meSinia, "kaci bWobda da RmerTi
icinodao", naTqvamia, magram ise daviRaleT mudmivad problemebiT, Seguebuli problema
gvirCevnia axals. adamianma cxovrebis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjer unda daiwyos nulidan
cxovreba. kidev Tu dagvWirda aqedan gadasaxleba, saSveli ar yofila da awi Cemma Svilebma
izrunon momavlis gaumjobesebaze, me meti energia aRar maqvs."

respondentebs saqarTvelos mTavrobis imedi aqvT. teritoriis datovebaze saubars xelisuflebis
muSaobaze xelaxali komentarebiT iwyeben da Tvlian, rom maT gasakeTebeli aRaraferi darCaT,
danarCeni orive mxaris mTavrobis gadasawyvetia.

    "momavalSi ras vapirebT? Cven ra unda davapiroT, TviTon gavinteresebs mTavroba ras
     apirebs. Cven davapireT sabolood mSvidobiT dagvesrulebina urTierToba da davbrundiT.
     axla mTavrobas davelodebiT. Tu araferi Seicvleba, e.i. tanjviT cxovreba gvewera da ase
     vicxovrebT bolomde. me aqedan fexs aRar movicvli, yvela ojaxis wevri rom gameqces,
     mainc."

respondentTa nawili afxazebTan Semrigeblur politikaze fiqrobs da garda imisa, rom surT,
imedic aqvs, maTi urTierToba ase damTavrdeba.

    "Cemma Svilebma "mteri" ra aris unda daiviwyon. Sens mezoblad mteri ar unda
     gegulebodes. am ers veravin gaJlets da vidre iarsebeben megobrulad cxovreba unda
     viswavloT, rogori warsulic ar unda gvqondes. TurqeTze didi mteri saqarTvelos ar hyolia,
     magram zogjer TurqeTSi mgonia Tavi, ise dagviaxlovdnen. ra Tqma unda, amas saukeneebi
     aRar unda daWirdes. qveyana viTardeba da problemac ufro martivad unda mogvardes.
     mxolod amis imediT vcocxlobT daRlilebi."

mniSvnelovania, rom respondentebi afxazebis mxridan gaafxazebis ultimatumsac ar
gamoricxaven. am sakiTxze saubris dros, agresias gamoxataven, Tumca saqarTvelos teritoriaze
dabrunebaze mainc ar amaxvileben yuradRebas. respondentTa nawili aseT SemTxvevaSi,
afxazebTan bolomde brZolaze fiqrobs, xolo meore nawili mSvidad egueba SemoTavazebas,
radgan "mudmivad konfliqtisgan daiRala da ramodenimejer cxovrebis dawyeba aRar uRirs" da
maTi naambobidan gamomdinare, TiTqos saqarTvelos mTavrobisgan rCevas da patiebas
iTxovs.

    "afxazebma gaafxazeba rom SemomTavazon, maSinac ar waval. es yvelaze mkacri sasjelia
     CemTvis, afxazis gvariT rom vicxovro. es rom pirobad Semiqmnan, SevebrZolebi, brZolaSi
     movkvdebi da aqedan ar waval. Tavsac ar moviklav, erT afxazs mainc movklav da gmirulad
     movkvdebi. gaafxazebaze imitom daviwye laparaki, rom Tu Cvenma mTavrobam ar
     imoqmeda, ase mgonia, male daiwyeba amaze laparaki. am xalxsac aRar unda gauTavebeli
     konfliqti. qarTvelebad ver gvitanen da afxazebad cota gagviSinaurdebian."


                                             36
   "soxumSi, gagraSi da oCamCireSi rom turizmi fexs moikidebs, galis raioni soflis
    meurneobas aayvavebs. afxazebi Cvens aq yofnas SeeCvevian, erT dRes SeiZleba
    gaafxazebac SemogvTavazon, Cvenc daveTanxmoT da amiT damTavrdeba konfliqti aq myof
    qarTvelebsa da afxazebs Soris. danarCeni qarTvelebi ki mxolod dasasveneblad Camovlen,
    isic didi xnis Semdeg. saSinelebaa es yvelaferi, magram ise daviRale mudmivad SiSiT
    cxovrebiT da gaWirvebiT, SeiZleba erT dRes yvelam vTqvaT amaze Tanxmoba. xedavT
    Cveni xalxi ra dReSia, yvela nervoziT aris daavadebuli. arcerTis TvalebSi aRar aris odnavi
    naTelic ki. saqarTvelos mTavrobam Tu araferi hqna, aravin dagvZraxavs, afxazs gvari rogor
    mihyideTo. maSin Tqven gvirCieT, ra vqnaT?!."

momavlis molodinebze TiTqmis yvela intervius dasasruli Zalian hgavda monologs, romelSic
respodentebi sakuTar cxovrebas mokled mimoixilavdnen gulistkiviliT da am teritoriaze mSvidi
cxovrebis imeds itovebdnen.

   "Zalian gavriskeT aq rom SemovediT. erTxel agvawiokes, saxl-kari davtoveT da
    gadavixizneT, meored sadac davsaxldiT is adgili SevicvaleT, mesamed samuSao adgilidan
    agvyara mTavrobam, meoTxed, isev afxazeTSi davbrundiT dangreul saxl-karSi da SiSis qveS
    cxovreba viswavleT. mere gadavwyviteT SvilebisTvisac gveswavlebina riski da SiSiT
    cxovreba da qarTul skolaSi gavuSviT. axla cota meurneoba movawyveT, bavSvebic
    SedarebiT mSvidad dadian skolebSi, saxl-karic SekeTebulia, ar gvciva, ar gvwyuria, ar
    gvSia, mxolod gveSinia. ar viciT ra gvelis. saqarTveloSi cxovreba bevrad rom mirCevnia
    faqtia, magram ufro metad Cems saxlSi mSvidad cxovreba minda, oRond ise, rom afxazeTi
    ar erqvas."




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