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E-learning - history,
present and future
PhD.Stud. Kornelia Todorova, University of
Sofia “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Е-mail:
cornelia@fmi.uni-sofia.bg
10/05/2011 1
E-learning - history , present and future
Application of ICT in education and
evolution of different learning types
Educational
Strategy
Educational
Organization
Use of ICT
Fig. 1 ICT and education (adapted by Beaumont & Sutherland, 1992)
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E-learning - history , present and future
Overview of existing learning types
Traditional learning Distant learning
E-learning CSCL
M-learning
Fig. 2 Evolution of learning types
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E-learning - history , present and future
Advantages and problems of
traditional learning
Advantage of traditional learning is that learning
approaches that have approved their effectiveness
through the centuries are used and quality of
education is guarantied.
Most important problem in the traditional form of
education is that capabilities of Information and
Communication Technologies (ICT) are not used and
requirements of modern information society to the
provides education are not covered. That is why
distant form of education has appeared.
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E-learning - history , present and future
Distance learning
The concept of distant learning is learning where students and
teacher are at different places when education is provided and
they can communicate and collaborate using synchronous and
asynchronous technologies. That forms of education can be
provided by standard post mail, using video and TV or via
Internet (Lee & Owens 2000).
Advantages of distant learning are opportunities that it offers
to students like possibility they to learn in won pace whenever
and wherever they prefer and need education, easy editing of
proposed information and capabilities of learning systems to
manage entire learning process and provide learning materials
in different distance forms.
Most important problems are related to communications
between teachers, students and among students and
interactivity with content.
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E-learning - history , present and future
E-learning
A common used definition of e-learning is learning that is
prepared, managed and delivered with technologies applied
locally or globally.
traditional
hybrid
distant
E-learning allows hybrid form of distant and traditional education
to be implemented and this way existing problems to be solved.
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E-learning - history , present and future
Influence of e-learning
Influence of e-learning covers following fields :
Learning on demand
Life-long learning
Adaptability of learning materials to learners’
preferences and needs of education
Innovation in interaction with leaning content
New learning models & strategies
E-learning systems compatibility
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E-learning - history , present and future
Main principles in e-learning
Needs of learner to be placed at the center of
educational process and other elements and
participants duties to be considered with him.
Another principle is leaning content to be delivered
according to learners’ preferences whenever he needs
it and wherever it is most appropriate for his needs of
education
Developed learning materials to designed as a
reusable resources and to have opportunity to be
used in different leaning contexts according to users’
requirements.
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E-learning - history , present and future
Types of learning systems
For providing and support of different functionalities and
services related to e-learning they are developed
several types of learning systems:
Knowledge Management Systems (KMS)
Content Management Systems (CMS)
Learning Management Systems (LMS)
Learning Content Management Systems (LCMS )
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E-learning - history , present and future
E-learning advantages
Main tasks of advanced e-learning are related to development
and delivery of high quality and efficient leaning content,
flexibility, mobility and adaptability of proposed learning
materials.
Advantages of e-learning are ( Fenrich, 1997) :
Learner work with their won step and study whenever and
wherever he/she needs information
Easy update and editing of learning materials and this way
providing up-to-date information
Allow usage of different multimedia formats and facilitates
different cognitive approaches for information acceptance
and representation (Clack & Mayer, 2003)
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E-learning - history , present and future
E-learning problems
Following problems in the field of e-learning can be defined :
insufficient collaboration and communication among participants
in education- teacher, students and administrative staff
required computer literacy
lack of well organized and structured learning content and
capabilities for searching the most appropriate information in
Internet
missing or inappropriate use of interactivity and multimedia in
learning materials
missing methodology for creation, description and sharing of
learning resources
lack of integrated solution for high quality e-learning systems
development
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E-learning problems conclusions
All defined problems reflect on the effectiveness and
quality of proposed education that uses advanced
ICT.
That is why many world organization and institution
work in the filed of creation, certification and
development of e-learning standards that will assure
quality, interoperability and compatibility of
developed learning systems and learning materials.
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E-learning standards overview
Basic standards in the field of e-learning are IEEE LOM, IMS
Learning Design, IMS Simple Sequencing, ADL SCORM
They are created, developed and approved of following
organization that work in the sphere of e-learning
standardization. Some of them are listed here:
Advanced Distributed Learning (ADL)
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) -
Learning Technology Standards Committee
IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. (IMS)
Aviation Industry Computer-Based Training Committee (AICC)
Alliance of Remote Instructional Authoring and Distribution
Networks for Europe (ARIADNE)
PROmoting Multimedia access to Education and Training in
EUropean Society (PROMETEUS)
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E-learning - history , present and future
CSCL
Computer Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) is a new
form of education and its basic task is to provide better , more
functional and efficient group work and communication among
participant in education.
Its should facilitate development of group projects and activities
like project planning and management and to support different
form of asynchronous and synchronous communication.
These skills are critical for the learner because using that form of
education he is prepared to be a successful member of his work
team. He gets known with advantages and challenges of group
work and he has knowledge and skill to manage them.
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CSCL basic functionalities
text manipulation video and audio
shared graphic conferences
sheets chat system
e-meeting and rooms sharing writing and
drawing
resource location document management
e-mail modeling and simulation
document security manipulation tools
e-news reports
file distribution workflow management
message system
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CSCL advantages and problems
Most important problems are related to insufficient tools that
provide capabilities for group work and communication, lack of
necessary hardware devices for communication and some
problems of acceptance of new technologies in the educational
process.
Main task of CSCL specialist is to decide exiting problems and to
provide better integration of groupware and capabilities of GDSS
(Group Decision Support Systems) in the learning and to develop
user-friendly, attractive and easy to be used interface to
proposed collaborative tools so encourage users to implement
them in educational process.
Insufficient flexibility and mobility of education
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E-learning - history , present and future
M-learning
A common used definition for mobile learning
(m-learning) is
m-learning = wireless + ubicomp
(Alexander Br., 2004)
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Mobile technologies and devices
Most popular and common used mobile devices
implemented in education are PDAs, notebooks, cell
phones, different USB drives and MP3 players.
Provided learning resources should be able to be
transferred via wireless technology and for this
purpose technologies like Bluetooth, GPRS and others
could be used and challenges related to
implementation of WML in the process of learning
resources creation and delivery and specifications of
WAP as transport protocol should be discussed
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M-learning- advantages and problems
With invasion of mobile technologies and device in daily life of
modern people it has appeared question about implementation
of new technologies in education. Young people are very well
known with capabilities and easy and limited to some extend
functionality of mobile devices and they very well accept the
idea of use mobile technologies it he process of learning.
That new form of education allows requirements for flexibility
and mobility of education to get achieved and new methods for
learning , communication and collaboration in traditional and
other technology supported forms of education to be applied.
Problems related to usage of mobile devices and technologies
are small displays of the devices so little pieces of information
should be delivered at a time and representation of information
should be compatible with limited space and specific
requirements of delivery media
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E-learning - history , present and future
Application of ICT in education at
Sofia University
New computing technologies are used most intensively at
Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics and several learning
platforms are used for providing and support of e-learning like
ARCADE, Moodle and Sofia University is a Regional Cisco
Network Academy
For providing effective education web-base learning materials
are offered, on-line tests are used for assessment students
performance and different tools for collaborative work and
synchronous and asynchronous communications are applied.
ICT Department offers BSc, MSc and Ph.D. programs that are
based on e-learning form of education and appropriate
platforms for this purpose.
Most of lectures and students involved in the program have
experienced defined in previous section problems and
advantages an they are summarized in following Table1.
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Analysis of advantages and problems
of different types of education
Learning types Advantages Problems
Traditional learning approaches that have approved capabilities of Information and Communication
their effectiveness through the Technologies (ICT) are not used and
centuries are used and quality of requirements of modern information society to
education is guarantied the provides education are not covered.
Distance opportunities that it offers to students bad, delayed or missing communication among
like possibility they to learn in participants in education- teacher, students and
won pace whenever and wherever administrative staff
they prefer
E-learning Learner work with their won step and insufficient tools that provide capabilities for group
study whenever and wherever work and communication
he/she needs information
CSCL CSCL facilitates learning activities like lack of necessary hardware devices for
group work, communication and communication and collaboration, low level of
project management collaborative tools integration, missing
flexibility and mobility
M-learning Young people are very well known small displays of the devices so little pieces of
with capabilities of mobile information should be delivered at a time
technologies and accept the idea
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E-learning - history , present and future
Blackboard
Traditional learning
labs
Pedagogical approaches
Local Tech
Internet
E-learning Intra
Sims
Web content www Extra Net
Distance
Global Tech Learning ICT
M-learning
m- collaboration
CSCL
WML & WAP Advanced Collaborative
collaborative tools
tools
Mobile Tech videoconference
GPRS CSCW
Bluetooth audioconfefence
Fig. 3 Implementation of ICT and mobile technologies in existing types of learning
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Conclusion
Information and communication technologies have
change the traditional form of learning. There are
many problems related to new forms of learning that
have to find their decision. Another problem is to
extend functionality of learning systems according to
users needs and requirements. In the paper are
presented different types of education and influence
of ICT in education evolution. Basic advantaged and
problems in each of them are discussed and possible
solution are presented. Relation among existing types
of learning are shown and implementation of them at
Sofia University is presented.
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Future work
Future research efforts will be dedicated
on exploring of advanced technologies
like iTV, Semantic Web and Grid
implementation in the providing of
effective education and their integration
in advanced learning systems and
functionalities that they offered to
support educational process.
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Thank you for your attention!
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