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FOREWORD This bulletin contains the results of a detailed study of forest industry_ timber products output from roundwood, and associated primary mill wood and bark residue in Iowa in 1980. The last similar study was conducted in 1972. Detailed information such as this is necessary for intelligent planning and decision-making in wood procurement, forest resource management, and forest industry development. Similarly, researchers need current forest industry and timber products output information to plan projects. We would like to give special thanks to the primary wood-using firms that supplied information for this study. We greatly appreciate their cooperation. Quantities shown may vary slightly from one table to another because of rounding differences; however, these differences are insignificant.
North Central Forest Experiment Station Forest Service--U.S. Department of Agriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Manuscript approved for publication June 5, 1984 December 1984
°
HIGHLIGHTS • Since the early 1950's active (operating) sawmills have dropped from several hundred to 60 in 1972 and 41 in 1980. • Industrial roundwood production rose 2 percent between 1972 and 1980 to 13.2 million cubic feet. Leading species cut were red oak, white oak, and cottonwood. Together they accounted for two-thirds of the industrial roundwood cut in 1980. ® The Northeastern Unit supplied 65 percent of all industrial roundwood. • From a sustained yield basis, no species appear to have been overutilized, and all species, except walnut, appear to have been underutilized. • Saw log production, 80 percent of industrial roundwood, was 63.5 million board feet--up 19 percent from 1972. Major harvest increases since 1972 were in white oak, red oak, and walnut. ® Elm losses to Dutch Elm disease during the 1970's caused elm saw log production to be nearly 5 million board feet lower in 1980 than in 1972. • Saw log exports from Iowa to other States climbed from 2.9 million board feet in 1972 to 8.4 million board feet in 1980. • Iowa sawmills depended less on other States for their log requirements in 1980 than in 1972. Total log receipts at Iowa sawmills were 63.0 million board feet in 1980. • Coarse mill residue was in strong demand for manufacturing pulp and for household fuel. • Great progress has been made since 1972 in finding markets for primary wood-using mill residue. However, additional markets for fine and bark residue are needed because more than one-half of the bark and more than one-fourth of the fine residue was not used in 1980.
COWFENTS
Primary Forest IndustrymIndustrial Roundwood , ................... Timber Removals for Industrial Roundwood ......................... Saw Logs ....................................................... Other Products .................................................. Primary Mill Residue ............................................ Outlook ......................................................... Appendix ....................................................... Study Methods ................................................ Sampling Error ................................................ Definition of Terms ............................................. Common and Scientific Names of Tree Species Mentioned ..................................... Tables 1-12 .................................................... Page 1 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 4 5
PRIMARY FOREST PRODUCTS INDUSTRY AND TIMBER USE, IOWA, 1980
James E. Blyth, Pn'_ Market Analyst, John Tibben, Utilization Forester, Iowa Consen_tion and W. Brad Commission, Smith, Ames, Iowa, Mensurationist Active sawmills have dropped from several hundred in the early 1950's to 60 in 1972 and 41 in 1980. In addition, one veneer mill has closed since 1972. Average annual lumber output per sawmill increased from 0.994 million board feet in 1972 to 1.536 million board feet in 1980. The surviving and new sawmills are generally larger, better managed, and more financially sound than those in the 1950's.
NORTHEASTERN
PRIMARY FOREST INDUSTRY-INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Sawmills dominate the active (operating) primary wood-using mill population in Iowa. Out of the 45 known active mills in 1980, 41 were sawmills. All but 4 of the sawmills were in the two eastern Survey Units, which contain the major timber supply (fig. 1).
WESTERN UNIT
I rl
LARGE SAWMILL MEDIUM SAWMILL SMALL SAWMILL
SOUTHEASTERN
UNIT
Figure 1.--Active sawmills and Forest Survey Units in Iowa, 1980. Sawmills are classed by volume of lumber produced in 1980: large =5 million or more board feet; medium = 1 to 4.999 million board feet; small = less than 1 million board feet. Forest Survey Units are the geographic areas used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Project to report periodic inventories and use of the Nation's forest resources.
Industrial roundwood production in 1980 was 2 percent higher than in 1972. A 21 percent increase in the Northeastern Unit offset declines in the Southeastern and Western Units: Unit Production 1972 1980 Change
Species Walnut Red oak Redpine Hard maple Cottonwood White oak Elm Ash Basswood Soft maple Hackberry Aspen Black cherry Birch Hickory Willow
Removals (Percentof net annual growth) 75 64 62 55 52 45 38 19 18 14 9 6 5 3 3 3
(Thousandcubic feet) (Percent) Northeastern 7,108 8,586 +21 Southeastern 4,668 3,903 -16 Western 1_160 726 -37 Total 12,936 13,215 +2 The Northeastern Unit increased its share of the industrial roundwood production from 55 percent in 1972 to 65 percent in 1980. Principal species cut for industrial use were red oak (26 percent), white oak (25 percent), and cottonwood (16 percent). Other important species included walnut, soft maple, and hard maple.
TIMBER RFMOVALS FOR INDUSTRIAL ROUNDWOOD
Estimated timber removals from growing stock on commercial forest land for industrial roundwood were 12.7 million cubic feet. Timber removals in each survey unit per thousand acres of commercial forest land 1were: Unit Removals/thousand acres (Cubic (Cord feet) equivalents) Northeastern 14,190 180 Southeastern 5,625 71 Western 3,301 42 Average of all units 8,715 110 Cutting of growing stock (on a commercial forest area basis) was heaviest in the Northeastern Unit and lightest in the Western Unit. Harvesting of growing stock was light in all Units. Timber removals for industrial roundwood in 1980 by species were compared with net annual growth determined during the previous Iowa forest inventory (1973). These comparisons roughly show which species may have been over or undercut in 1980 (in terms of sustained yield). No species was harvested at a rate greater than 75 percent of net annual growth:
These indicators of possible over- or underutilization should be used cautiously because (1) wood procurement volumes fluctuate from year to year, (2) net annual growth used in the comparison was for 1973, (3) stand-age structure may mask the extent of underor overutilization, and (4) apparent over- or undercutting may be a temporary timber management strategy to improve stand structure and species mix. Allowing for these cautions, no species appear to have been overcut and all species, except walnut, seem to have been undercut in 1980. SAW LOGS Saw logs constituted 80 percent of all industrial roundwood harvested in 1980. Loggers cut 63.5 million board feet of saw logs in Iowa, up 19 percent from 1972. Principal species harvested were red oak, cottonwood, and white oak; together they comprised nearly two-thirds of the harvest. Major harvest gains since 1972 were in white oak, red oak, and walnut. Elm output fell nearly 5 million beard feet from 1972 to 1980 due to continuing losses from Dutch Elm disease. During 1972, 2.9 million board feet of saw logs, mostly walnut, oak, and soft maple, were shipped to other States; Missouri, Minnesota, and Kansas were the primary recipients. In 1980, exports rose to 8.4 million board feet, 5.0 million beard feet of which were shipped to Wisconsin. Primary exports continued to be oak and walnut. Loggers cut two-thirds of the saw log volume in the Northeastern Unit as well as 98 percent of the elm, hard maple, and aspen. Twenty-six percent of the saw
1Area of commercial forest land in 1974 at the time of the last forest inventory in Iowa.
log volume was cut in the Southeastern Unit, including about one-half of the cottonwood and soft maple. The Western Unit provided only 7 percent of the saw log harvest but 44 percent of the walnut. During 1980, Iowa sawmills received 63.0 million board feet of logs. Iowa was more self-sufficient in supplying logs to its sawmills in 1980 than in 1972. Iowa sawmills imported 15 percent (9.1 million board feet) of their log requirements in 1972 compared with 12 percent (7.9 million board feet) in 1980. Missouri was the chief source of imports in 1972; walnut was the principal import. Illinois, Missouri, and Minnesota each supplied more than 2.4 million board feet in 1980. Walnut was a minor import; cottonwood was the leading import. Southeast Unit mills were most dependent on imports, processing two-thirds of the logs received from other States.
Excellent progress has been made in finding uses for residue since 1972: Kind ofresidue Coarse Fine Bark 1969 45 15 6 Percent used 1980 90 70 48
Principal uses in 1980 for coarse residue were for pulp manufacturing (fiber products) and for domestic (household) fuelwood. Fine residue was used mainly for livestock bedding, poultry litter, mulch, and similar products. Major bark uses were for domestic fuelwood and miscellaneous products such as mulch. Finding markets for residue is usually not a problem for larger mills. Unused residue is most likely to be found at smaller mills and some medium-sized mills where residue storage may not be a problem and the volume available may be insufficient to attract customers. Unused residue is often piled, used for landfill, or burned as waste.
OTHER PRODUCTS
Other industrial roundwood products harvested in 1980 included 3.8 million board feet of veneer logs=, 3.4 million board feet of cooperage logs, and 16,800 cords of pulpwood. Compared to 1972 veneer log production was down 27 percent, pulpwood production from roundwood was off 46 percent, and cooperage log production was more than 5 times higher, All of the cooperage logs cut were white oak, the only species acceptable for tight cooperage. Oak (red and white) was the chief pulpwood species and oak together with walnut were the primary veneer species, PRIMARY MILL RESIDUE
OIYlIOOK
When economic activity turns up, demand for Iowa industrial roundwood should grow, especially saw log demand. As the economy grows, demand generally increases for wood pallets, crating, railroad ties, replacement furniture, and home remodeling supplies. If interest rates decline during an economic upturn, new home construction rises along with additional furniture purchases for these new homes. Increased demand for these intermediate or end use products leads to greater demand for industrial roundwood to produce them. Sawmills will continue to dominate Iowa's forest industry. Overall demand for Iowa saw logs should continue to rise during the next decade. Average sawmill size is likely to continue increasing. The number of active sawmills may be nearing a period of stability--mills dropping out of production usually should be replaced by others. Additional market outlets should become available for fine residue and bark. If current trends continue, more than 90 percent of the fine residue and bark will be used by 1990.
During 1980, Iowa's primary wood-using mills (except pulpmills) generated 87,000 green tons of coarse residue, 53,000 green tons of fine residue, and 37,000 green tons of bark. Coarse residue is wood suitable for chipping such as slabs, edgings, and veneer cores. The Northeastern Unit generated the most residue: 62 percent of the coarse residue, 64 percent of the fine residue, and 63 percent of the bark. 2Does not include log exports to other countries, except Canada.
APPENDIX
STUDY ME]HODS
Data for this publication came from canvassing with a :formal questionnaire all of the known primary wood-using mills that use Iowa logs and bolts. All canvassing in Iowa (except two pulpmills) was initially done by personal contact, telephone, and mail by the Iowa Conservation Commission (ICC). For a few Iowa mills that did not furnish complete data, ICC utilization and marketing specialists provided estimates based on prior knowledge and contacts. The North Central Forest Experiment Station (using formal questionnaires) contacted by mail two Iowa pulpmills and alI out-of-State mills using Iowa roundwood; follow-up on nonrespondents was by mail and telephone. The Station edited and compiled the data. Except for walnut cut for saw logs and veneer logs, logging utilization factors developed from a 19711972 study in Missouri were used to estimate growing stock and sawtimber removals for industrial roundwood in 1980. For walnut saw logs and veneer logs we used factors developed during a 1966 study in Indiana. SAM]PL[NCj ERROR 8.9 inches d.b.h, for softwoods and from 5.0 to 10.9 inches d.b.h, for hardwoods. Softwood sawtimber trees are 9.0 inches d.b.h, or larger; hardwood sawtimber trees are 11.0 inches d.b.h, or larger. Industrial roundwood production.--The quantity of industrial roundwood harvested in a geographic area. Industrial roundwood products.--Saw logs, pulpwood, veneer logs, commercial posts, cooperage logs, handle bolts, shaving bolts, charcoal bolts, and chips from roundwood. Does not include fuelwood or noncommercial posts. Industrial roundwood receipts.--The quantity of industrial roundwood received in a geographic area regardless of the geographic source. Primary wood-using mills.--Mills using roundwood products (including chips from roundwood). Primary wood-usingmill residue.--Wood materials (coarse and fine) and bark not utilized for principal products at mills using roundwood. These residues include wood products (byproducts) obtained incidental to production of principal products and wood materials not utilized for some product. Roundwood.--Logs, bolts, or other round sections cut from trees (including chips from roundwood). Sawtimber removals for industrial roundwood.-The volume of sound bole wood (between a 1-foot stump and the point on the bole above which a saw log cannot be produced) in sawtimber growingstock trees on commercial forest land removed annually for industrial roundwood products (including logging residues). The minimum saw log top is 7.0 inches diameter outside bark for softwoods and 9.0 inches diameter outside bark for hardwoods. Standard cord.--A stack of wood bolts (or the equivalent) encompassing 128 cubic feet of wood, bark, and air space. Timber removals for industrial roundwood.--The volume of sound bole wood (between a 1-foot stump and a minimum top diameter of 4.0 inches outside bark or to a point where the central stem breaks into limbs) in poletimber and sawtimber growingstock trees on commercial forest land removed annually for industrial roundwood products (including logging residues).
Becau_ ati primary wood-using mills were canvassed, there is no sampling error for the roundwood products they use.
DEFINITION
OF TERMS
Coa_ mill residue.--Wood residue suitable for chil> ping such as slabs, edgings, and veneer cores, Commercial forest land.--Forest land producing or capable of producing crops of industrial wood and not withdrawn from timber utilization by statute or administrative reg_lation. Generally, this includes areas suitable for growing crops of industrial wood in excess of 20 cubic feet per acre annually, Consumption.--The quantity of a commodity, such as pulpwood, utilized, Fine mill residue.--Wood residue not suitable for chipping such as sawdust and veneer clippings, Forest Survey Unit.--A geographic area (group of counties) used by the Forest Inventory and Analysis Proj_t to report periodic inventories and use of the Nation's forest re:_urces. Growing-stoek trees.--All live poletimber and sawtimber trees of commercial species except rough and rotten trees. Poletimber trees are from 5.0 to
COMMON AND SCIF_2¢I'I_]_C NAMF_ OF TREE SPECIES MENTIONED
SOFTWOODS Eastern redcedar ........... Juniperus v_irginiana
Eastern white pine .................. Pinus strobus Red pine ............................. Pinus resinosa HARDWOODS Select white oaks White oak ........................... Quercus alba Swamp white oak ............... Quercus bicolor Bur oak .................... Quercu_ macrocarpa Chinkapin oak ........... Quercus muehlenbergii Other white oaks Overcup oak ...................... stellata var. stellata Quercus lyrata Post oak ............ Querc_ Select red oaks Northern red oak ................. Quercus rubra Other red oaks Northern pin oak .......... Quercus eUipsoidalis Shingle oak ................. Quercus imbricaria Pin oak ......................... Quercus palustris Black oak ........................ Quercus velutina Hickory Bitternut hickory ............. Carya cordiformis Shellbark hickory .............. Caryalaciniosa Shagbark hickory .................. Carya ovata Mockernut hickory ............ Carya tomentosa Hard maple Black maple ........................ Acer nigrum Sugar maple .................... Acer saccharum Soft maple Silver maple .................. Acersaccharinum Ashes White ash .................. Fraxinus americana Black ash ......................... Fraxinus nigra Green ash .............. Fraxinus pennsylvanica Eastern cottonwood .............. Populus deltoides Aspens Bigtooth aspen ........... Populus grandidentata Quaking aspen .............. Populus tremuloides American basswood .............. Tilia americana Elms American elm ................. Ulmus americana Slippery elm ......................... Ulmus rubra Rock elm .......................... Ulmus thomasii Black walnut ......................... Juglans nigra Black cherry ...................... Prunus serotina Hackberry ....................... Celtis occidentalis Black willow ............................ Salix nigra Birches River birch .......................... Paper birch ................... Other hardwoods Betula nigra Betulapapyrifera
Kentucky coffeetree .......... Gymnocladus dioicus Butternut ........................... Juglans cineria Osage-orange .................... Maclura pomifera Red mulberry .......................... Morus rubra Sycamore ..................... Platanus occidentalis Black locust .................. Robinia pseudoacacia
TABLE
_T]['I.F.S
Table 1.--Industrial roundwood production by type of product and species group in Iowa, 1980 Table2.--Number of active primary wood-using mills in Iowa, 1972 and 1980 Table3.--Industrial roundwood production by
species group and Survey Unit in Iowa, 1980 (In thousand cubic feet) Table 4.--Timber removals from growing stock on commercial forest land for industrial roundwood by species group and Survey Unit in Iowa, 1980 (In thousand cubic feet) Table 5.--Timber removals from sawtimber on commercial forest land for industrial roundwood by species group and Survey Unit in Iowa, 1980 (In thousand board feet)1 Table 6.--Saw log production by species group in Iowa, 1972 and 1980 (In thousand board feet)l Table 7.--Saw log production by Survey Unit, species group, and State of destination, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand board feet)1 Table 8.--Saw log receipts in Iowa by Survey Unit, species group, and State of origin, 1980 (In thousand board feet) 1 Table 9.--Pulpwood production in Iowa by species group, 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Table 10.--Veneer log production in Iowa by species group, 1966, 1970, 1976, and 1980 (In thousand board feet) _ Table ll.--Veneer log production by species group and State of destination, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand board feet) _ Table 12.--Residue produced at primary wood-using mills by type of material, type of use, and county, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand tons, green weight)
Boxelder ........................... Acer negundo Ohio buckeye .................... Aesculus glabra Honeylocust ................ Gleditsia triacanthos
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Table 2.--Number of active primary wood-using mills, Iowa, 1972 and 1980
Kind of miII SawmiIls Large11/ Mediu,__/_3 Small_/ 5 Subtotal Veneer mills Cooperage mills PulpmiIls Total
A11 Units 1972 2_/ 48__/ 12 60 2 1 2 65
A11 Units 1980 2 20 19 41 1 1 2 45
Northeastern Unit 1980 2 9 8 19 1 1 1 22
Southeastern Unit 1980 .... 10 8 18 .... .... 1 19
Western Unit 1980
1 3 4
-4
1--/Annual lumber production of 5 million board feet or more. Z/Included with medium sawmills. _/Annual lumber production of 1.000 to 4.999 million board feet. _/Includes large sawmills. --5/Annualumber production less than 1 million board feet. l
Table 3.--Industrialroundwood production by species group and Forest Survey Unit, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand cubic feet) Northeastern Unit 4 ._ 4 240 69 379 20 30 844 539 59 39 602 431 2,648 2,191 442 42 7 Southeastern Unit .... i_/ 1_/ 89 .... 51 16 6 1,017 31 35 38 19 504 751 1,081 227 27 11
Species group .. Softwoods Red pine Eastern redcedar TotaI Hardwoods Ash Aspen Basswood Birch Black cherry Cottonwood Elm Hackberry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut WiIlow Other hardwoods TotaI All species ....
AlI Units 4 1._/ 4 339 69 440 36 36 2,059 572 99 77 621 950 3,505 3,299 1,022 69 18
Western Unit
I_/ 1_/ 10 10 --198 2 5 --15 106 27 353 ---
13,211 8.,..582 1.3,2_15 ....8,586
3,.903 726 3,903 ..... 726
-1/Lessthan 500 cubic feet.
Table 4.--Timber removals from growing stock on commercial forest land for industrial roundwood by species group and Forest Survey Unit, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand cubic feet) Northeastern Unit 5 -5 295 61 354 19 25 958 493 54 49 751 401 2,348 2,{)28 409 37 7 I_,289 8,j2.94 Southeastern Unit ....
Speci_es_ group. __ Softwoods Red pine Eastern redcedar TotaI Hardwoods Ash Aspen Basswood Birch Black cherry Cottonwood Elm Hackberry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut WiIlow Other hardwoods Total A11 species
AIl Units 5
Western Uni t
1_/
5 404 61 407 40 29 2,336 519 89 97 768 875 3,068 2,996 941 59 18 12,707 12,712
!/
iJ 96 .... 43 21 4 1,151 24 31 48 17 460 627 945 209 22 11 3_ 709 3,70_9
1._/
1J 13 lt} --227 2 4 --14 93 23 323 --709 709
IJLess than 500 cubic feet.
Table 5.--Timber removals from sawtimber on commercial forest land for industrial roundwood by species group and Forest Survey Unit Iowa, 1980 (In thousand board feet_ -/ Northeastern Unit 7 -7 1,403 333 1,965 89 136 5,619 2,766 314 237 3,616 2,281 9,035 8,370 2,653 196 40 Southeastern Unit .... 2 2 455 3 221 102 26 6,737 112 155 234 77 2,586 2,467 3,958 1,349 103 65
AlI Species 9r.oup Softwoods Red pine Eastern redcedar Total Hardwoods Ash Aspen Basswood Birch Black cherry Cottonwood EIm Hackberry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut WiIlow Other hardwoods Total Al I species Units 7 3 10 1,919 336 2,247 191 162 13,693 2,888 496 471 3,693 4,953 11,857 12,422 6,029 299 105
Western Unit
1 1 61 -61 --i,337 10 27 --86 355 94 2,027 --_4,058 4,059
..61L,761 ..... 39_,05.3. 18,650 _ 61,771 ...... 39,060 18,652
1--/International 1/4-inch rule.
Table 6.--Saw log productionby species group, Iowa, 1972 and 1980 (In thousandboard feet) _/ Species Softwoods Red pi ne White pine Eastern redcedar Total Hardwoods Ash Aspen Basswood Birch Black cherry Cottonwood Elm Hackberry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut Willow Other hardwoods Total All species 1972 2 103 -105 1,649 188 2,205 472 113 10,774 7,808 568 783 1,568 6,474 11,079 6,508 2,669 438 93 1980 --3 3 1,636 305 2,185 152 132 12,831 2,866 498 447 3,367 b,089 16,47U 12,118 5,025 233 118 63t472 ........... 63,475 Change __ -2 -103 3 -102 -13 117 -20 -320 19 2,U57 -4,942 -70 -336 1,799 -I, 385 5,391 5,610 2,356 -205 25 .i0_08 _ 9,981
53,389 ....... 53,494
_/International1/4-inch rule.
10
Table 7.--Saw log production by Survey Unit, species group, and state of destination, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand board feet) 1--/ ALL UNITS State AlI Species group Eastern redcedar Ash Aspen Basswood Birch Black cherry Cottonwood Elm Hackberry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut WiIlow Other hardwoods All species Ash Aspen Basswood Birch Black cherry Cottonwood Elm Hackberry Hi ckory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Wa Inut Wi Ilow Other hardwoods AlI species States 3 1,636 305 2,185 152 132 12,831 2,866 498 447 3,367 5,089 16,470 12,118 5,025 233 118 63_475 1,232 302 1,944 56 114 5,276 2,801 340 225 3,336 2,383 13,221 9,323 1,797 171 45 42_566 Iowa 3 1,617 96 2,000 152 132 12,213 2,512 498 427 3,158 5,078 13,702 10,204 2,977 233 118 Wisconsin Minnesota Indiana ........ 19 ...... 191 18 .... 167 18 .... ........ ........ 201 .... 129 225 .... ........ 20 ...... 182 27 .... 11 ...... 2,282 486 .... 1,779 135 .... 31 18 752 ........ ........ 927 752 Other States
417
1,247
55t120 5_012 NORTHEASTERNUNIT 1,213 93 1,759 56 114 5,075 2,447 340 205 3,127 2,372 10,453 7,409 1,323 171 45 36,202
1_6.64
19 ...... 191 18 167 18 ........ ........ 201 ...... 129 225 ........ 20 ...... 182 27 11 ...... 2,282 486 1,779 135 31 18 ........ ........ 5.,012
.... ....
....
.... .... .... 425
--
927 425 -(Table 7 continued on next pa!
1--/International 1/4-inchrule.
11
(Table 7 continued) SOUTHEASTERN UNIT State A1| SPecies _group . Eastern redcedar Ash Aspen Basswood Birch B1ack cherry Cottonwood EIm Hackber ry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Nalnut Wil]ow Other hardwoods A1] .sPecies Eastern redcedar Ash Basswood Cottonwood E]m Hackberry Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut A_}.species States 2 346 3 173 96 18 6,301 53 128 222 31 2,610 2,654 2,642 1,013 62 73 16.,427 Iowa Wisconsi n Minnesota 2 ...... 346 ...... 3 ...... 173 ...... 96 ...... 18 ...... 6,301 ...... 53 ........ 128 ........ 222 ........ 31 ........ 2,610 ........ 2,654 ........ 2,642 ........ 288 .... 62 ........ 73 ........ 15,.70_2. -WESTERN UNIT -Indiana Other States._ .. _. ._ ".'.
279
446
279
446
I I ........ 58 58 ........ 68 6B ........ i, 254 837 ...... 12 12 ........ 30 30 ........ 96 96 ........ 595 595 ........ 153 153 ........ _ 2._215 ....... 1,366 .... 4,482 ........... 3,216 ............ --
417
--
48 4B
801 1,_218 __
.12
Table 8.--Saw log receipts by Survey Unit, species group, and state of origin, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand board feet) I--/ ALL UNITS Species group Eastern redcedar Ash Aspen Basswood Birch Black cherry Cottonwood E]m Hackberry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut Wi I|ow Other hardwoods All species Ash Aspen Basswood B1ack cherry Cottonwood Elm Hackberry Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut Wi Ilow Other hardwoods AI1 species Al I States 3 1,746 96 2,098 204 141 15,501 2,584 535 625 3,201 6,255 14,857 11,607 3,085 233 215 ...... 62._ 98.6 1,094 93 1,597 127 7,250 2,449 165 195 3,042 2,699 10,261 7,713 1,491 218 58 38,452 Iowa 3 1,617 96 2,000 152 132 12,213 2,512 498 427 3,158 5,078 13,702 State Illinois Missouri Minnesota ........ 39 59 25 ........ 45 52 -14 38 .... 4 4 -652 399 2,236 14 33 25 8 29 .... 89 109 .... 23 19 -522 574 75 523 540 75 50 --..... 2,486 25 --2,236 25 Wisconsin 6 1 1 1 --
1 6 17 17 3 i 54 6 1 1 1 --
10,204 670 666 2,977 59 46 233 ........ 118 55 41 55_lu20 ' 2,717 2,609 NORTHEASTERNUNIT 1,054 93 1,594 124 5,011 2,424 165 195 3,040 2,609 10,142 7,619 1,484 218 55 35_827 3 ........ 1 1 1 .... ........ ........ -3 10 10 1 ........ 1 31 6 1 1 1
i
:
1 6 17 17 3
-75 75 5U --
1 6 17 17 3
_
1 -1 54 2_486 54 (Table 8 continued on next page)
-1/International 1/4-inch rule.
_
13
!
(Table 8 continued) SOUTHEASTERN UNIT A]l S_.c i_ _o_up .................. States Eastern redcedar 2 Ash 645 Aspen 3 B asswood 433 Birch 204 B] ark cherry 14 Cottonwood 7,621 EIm 123 Hackberry 366 Hi ckory 430 Hard maple 159 Soft _pl e 3,537 Red oak 4,078 _hi Ce oak 3,818 Wa Inut 228 _i ] low 15 Other hardwoods 157 A l}_ec i es 21,833 I 7 6_ 630 12 4 19 518 76 2_ 7=_9. i_2 Iowa 2 556 3 338 152 8 6,5/2 76 329 232 118 2,450 3,042 2,509 127 15 63 State Illinois Missouri ........ 36 53 ........ 44 51 14 38 3 3 651 398 14 33 8 29 89 109 23 18 519 568 513 523 660 649 58 43 ........ 54 40 .2,555 Minnesota .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Wisconsin
16j 592......... 2,,,686 WESTERNUNIT I 7 68 630 12 4 19 518 76 J_O I
Eastern redcedar Ash Ba sswood Cottor_wood Elm Hackberry Soft maple Red oak Whlte oak A __]_ec ies
........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ ........ -........
14
Table 9.--Pulpwood production in Iowa by species 1965, 1970, 1975, and 1980 (In Species gr_9 P Roundwood Softwoods Soft hardwoods Hard hardwoods Total ResidueS2/ Softwood Hardwood Total _. All material standard cords, unpeeled)_ / 1975 -15,809 .14,566 30,375 4,666 15_457 20,123 50,498
group,
1965 -12,596 12,082 24,67.8 -6,401 6.,401 31,079
1970 80 16,321 19,700 36,101 10,227 11,3.53 21..,580 57.,681
1980 61 6,169 1.0,554 16_784 4,986 ....... 22_539 27,.52 5 44_30.9
_/A standard cord is a stack of logs and bolts (or the equivalent) encompassing 128 cubic feet including wood, bark, and air space. -2/Woodresidue from wood-using mills such as chips from slabs and edgings generated at sawmills.
Table lO.--Veneer log production in Iowa by species group, 1966, 1970, 1976, and 1980 (In thousand board feet) 1--/ .Speci group es Ash Basswood Cottonwood EIm Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Walnut Other hardwoods All species 1966 77 587 849 _2/ 245 320 867 30 3,138_. 797 -_/ 6,910 1970 85 301 1,121 483 292 97 930 -785 500 4,594 1976 318 301 -32 123 264 1,881 134 1,841 349 5,243 ...... 1980 57 84 23 -14 24 1,132 672 I,795 -3,8.0 !
-1/International 1/4-inchrule. -2/Includedin other hardwoods. 3-/Incl udes elm.
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Table ll.--Veneer log production by species group and state of destination, Iowa, 1980 (In thousand board feet) --I/ State Species group Ash Basswood Cottonwood Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Wal nut A11 species ... AI 1 States 57 84 23 14 24 1,132 672 _ .!, 795 3,801 I/4-inch Iowa Indiana .... .... ............ -11 .... -216 -513 979 563 97.9 I_303 rule. Wisconsin 57 84 3 24 754 34 -956 lllinois ........ ........ ........ ......... 162 i01 41 304 Missouri Ohio Other states
23
...... 2 174 176
22 38 60
--23
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U.S GOVERNMENT
PRINTING
OFFICE:
1984--767121"_10054
Blyth, James E.; Tibben, John; Smith, W. Brad. Primary forest products industry and timber use, Iowa, 1980. Resour. Bull NC-82. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station; 1984. 21 p. Discusses recent Iowa forest industry trends, timber removals for industrial roundwood in 1980, production and receipts of saw logs in 1980, and production of other industrial roundwood products in 1980. Reports on wood and bark residue generated at primary mills and the disposition of this residue. KEY WORDS: Saw logs, sawmills, mill residue, timber removals.