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Summary of Energy Consumption
for Manufacturing, Transport and Operation
of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries
No. Components/Scenarios kg Material MJ Number2 MJ 3
Remarks
1 1
Material
2 1 panel 50 W(p) (5 kg) 5 solar-PV 1
Aluminium for frame 1 Alu
3 1 pipe, 2 m, o.D. 65, i.D. 57 mm 12 Steel 1
4 10 m insulated copper cable 4 mm2, 7 Cu 1
from panel to battery (_____ kg)
5 5 10 15
6 1 lead acid battery 100 Pb
100 Ah, 12 Volt (20 kg/Stk), LD=3
total mass 125.3
minus local steel 12.1
net mass to transport 113.2
7 3 light casings with ballast not included
8 3 FL-lights, 8 W not included
9 25 m insulated copper cable from not included
_____mm2 lights to battery (_____kg)
10 Transport A4 B5 C6
0/0/300 4000/0/30 0/6000/30
11 Panel and cables 0 0
12 Air MJ/km at _____ kg =
13 Water MJ/km at _____ kg =
14 Road MJ/km at _____ kg =
15 Battery A4 B5 C6
0/0/300 4000/0/30 0/6000/30 5 10 15
16 Air MJ/km at _____ kg = 1
17 Water MJ/km at _____ kg = 1
18 Road MJ/km at _____ kg = 1
5f421a12-c9cf-4d5a-9b90-bf664a4b2aba.xls 5/6/2011
Summary of Energy Consumption
for Manufacturing, Transport and Operation
of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries
19 Marketing
20 office7
21 after sales service
22 Min:
Sum MJ Consumption
23 Max:
24 Scenario1:
Substitution of grid power from coal at
15 MJ/kg, 40% C and delivered
= 20%
Min: 200 Wh/day
Max: 400 Wh/day
25 Scenario 2:
Substitution of oil based lighting
Min ______ l/day
Max ______ l/day
26 Sum MJ Savings min Min:
27 Sum MJ Savings max Max:
28 Balance MJ min.
29 Balance MJ max
30 Balance CO2 min
31 Balance CO2 max
1 We assume an optimistic achieved life time of 15 years
2 Frequency of component replacement including first installation during the achieved life time of 15 years
3 Energy consumption over the achieved life time in MJ
4 A: 0 km Air, 0 km Water, 300 km Road
5 B: 4000 km Air, 0 km Water, 300 km Road
6 C: 0 km Air, 6000 km Water, 300 km Road
7
Local firm, one car (20,000 km/year, 10 l/100 km), 5 staff, 50 m2 office (400 kWh/month)
Conversion factors:
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ
1 kWhdelivered = 3.6/0.2 = 18 MJ
1 l "oil" = 37 MJ at 85% C and 0.88 equivalent to 2.74 kg CO2
1 kWhdelivered = (18/15) * 3.67 * 0.4 = 1.76 kg CO2
5f421a12-c9cf-4d5a-9b90-bf664a4b2aba.xls 5/6/2011
Summary of Energy Consumption
for Manufacturing, Transport and Operation
of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries
5f421a12-c9cf-4d5a-9b90-bf664a4b2aba.xls 5/6/2011
Summary of Energy Consumption
for Manufacturing, Transport and Operation
of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries
5f421a12-c9cf-4d5a-9b90-bf664a4b2aba.xls 5/6/2011
Summary of Energy Consumption
for Manufacturing, Transport and Operation
of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries
5f421a12-c9cf-4d5a-9b90-bf664a4b2aba.xls 5/6/2011
Summary of Energy Consumption
for Manufacturing, Transport and Operation
of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries
5f421a12-c9cf-4d5a-9b90-bf664a4b2aba.xls 5/6/2011
Summary of Energy Consumption
for Manufacturing, Transport and Operation
of Solar Home Systems in Developing Countries
5f421a12-c9cf-4d5a-9b90-bf664a4b2aba.xls 5/6/2011
assumptions Posorski
It is assumed in the GTZ Workshop (by Dr. Posorski) that a PV distribution firm would operate "on the market".
market area 4000 km2
number of PV systems 400 per year
total no. of systems 5000 saturation
time constant 12.5 years until saturation of market
staff of PV firm 2 central office
3 regionale offices
distance reg. offices
to central 100 km
cars used 1 central office
20000 km/a
PV distribution 20 km per system (5 systems per trip)
total transport 70 km/System by car
delivery 1.5 km/System by truck
battery replacement 20 km/System by car
Delivery of SHS into the country
in OECD country to port 300 in the country km 300 km/System
alternative 1 4000 airplane km 4000 km/System
alternative 2 6000 ship km 6000 km/System
Seite 8
assumptions Posorski
erate "on the market".
Truck 33.96 t*km
airplane 452.80 t*km
Ship 679.20 t*km
Seite 9
data EM-GEMIS
Emissions from material acquisition for PV-related materials (based on GEMIS model, OECD data)
CO2 CO2-Equ. primary energy
1 Aluminium 14.89 21.95 kg/kg 55.06 kWh/kg
2 Lead 1.03 1.16 kg/kg 4.14 kWh/kg
3 Copper 5.52 5.97 kg/kg 19.61 kWh/kg
4 Steel 1.61 1.83 kg/kg 6.44 kWh/kg
5 PV-silicon (poly) 119.91 127.25 kg/kg 545.61 kWh/kg
Seite 10
results0
Project: D:\MODELLE\EM_14\gtz-workshop 12-98
Definition of Demand
1. Option : materials for SHS + transp ship
Material Demand
Xtra-material\PV-silicon : 5000 g
Xtra-material\steel : 12000 g
Xtra-material\copper : 7000 g
Xtra-material\lead : 1.00E+05 g
Xtra-material\alu : 1000 g
Sum : 1.25E+05 g
Demand Goods Transport Service
Truck : 33.96 tkm
Ship : 679.2 tkm
Sum : 713.16 tkm
Demand Person Transport Service
car-city-diesel-new-PV : 90 P.km
Sum : 90 P.km
Greenhouse Gases
Pollutant [g]
No Scenario Option CO2 CO2-Equivalent
Only the processes in : generic
1 materials for SHS + tra 63053.97 64865.83
All other processes
1 materials for SHS + tra 8.38E+05 8.38E+05
Total
1 materials for SHS + tra 9.01E+05 9.03E+05
Comparison with scenario excluding transport:
Total
1 materials for SHS + tra 9.01E+05 9.03E+05
2 materials for SHS no t 8.38E+05 8.38E+05
emissions for transport 6.34E+04 6.52E+04
share of transport (of total) 7.0% 7.2%
Seite 11
results1
results fo scenario:
kg CO2 kg CO2-Equ.
materials for SHS + transport 901 903
50 W power
20 a lifetime
2000 h/a operating time
2000000 Wh electricity generation in total lifetime
2000 kWh electricity generation in total lifetime
from that follows
CO2 CO2-Equ.
0.45 0.45 kg/kWh
based on EM generic PV system (excl. transport)
1 SHS 0.15 0.16 kg /kWh EM-SHS
Result:
The assumptions from the GTZ workshop for the material composition of SHS are significantly higher than the
EM generic PV system, and transport is only < 10% of total emissions !
Seite 12
results1
antly higher than the
Seite 13
results2
Project: D:\MODELLE\EM_14\gtz-workshop 12-98
Scenario: GTZ: PV vs. diesel
Greenhouse Gases
No Scenario Option Pollutant [g/kWh]
Total CO2 CO2-Equivalent
1 diesel-genset 1389.9 1423.25
2 gas-CC 405.66 477.87
3 Pv-SHS 149.9 164.53
Balanced costs for scenarios
No Scenario Option internal
1 diesel-genset 0.1 $
2 gas-CC 0.05 $
3 Pv-SHS 0.78 $
Calculations are done using the cost factor option: generic bank
Data Quality is rough estimate
interest rate : 8 %/a
Trade Off Analysis
Refence Option = diesel-genset int.cost total vs. CO2-Equivalent total
Options
gas-CC 0 $/g -0.05 $
Pv-SHS 0 $/g 0.69 $
Seite 14
results2
-945.38 g
-1258.72 g
Seite 15
PV as Rural el GHG tradeoff
Project: D:\MODELLE\EM_14\gtz-workshop 12-98
Definition of Demand
1. Option : grid
Energy Demand
T&D-MV-0,4 : 0.25 MWh
Sum : 0.25 MWh
2. Option : diesel
Energy Demand
dieselmotor-small-base : 0.25 MWh
Sum : 0.25 MWh
3. Option : PV
Energy Demand
solar-PV-home-system-small : 0.09 MWh
Sum : 0.09 MWh
Greenhouse Gases
No Scenario Option Pollutant [kg]
Total CO2 CO2-Equivalent
1 grid 261 289
2 diesel 347 356
3 PV 13 15
Balanced costs for scenarios
No Scenario Option internal
1 grid 6$
2 diesel 24 $
3 PV 71 $
generic bank
Calculations are done using the cost factor option:
Data Quality is rough estimate
interest rate : 8 %/a
Trade Off Analysis
Refence Option = grid int.cost total vs. CO2-Equivalent total
Options
diesel 0.27 $/kg 18.06 $
PV -0.24 $/kg 64.65 $
Seite 16
PV as Rural el GHG tradeoff
66.71 kg
-274.3 kg
Seite 17
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