Summary and Analysis of Comments: Control of Emissions of Air Pollution from Locomotive Engines and Marine Compression Ignition Engines Less than 30 Liters Per Cylinder
Summary and Analysis of Comments:
Control of Emissions of Air Pollution
from Locomotive Engines and Marine
Compression Ignition Engines Less than
30 Liters Per Cylinder
Assessment and Standards Division Office of Transportation and Air Quality U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
EPA420-R-08-006 March 2008
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Index of Proposal Commenters List of Acronyms 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. General Air Quality and Health Impacts Emission Standards Certification and Compliance Program Costs and Economic Impacts Benefits Small Businesses/SBREFA Process Administrative Requirements and Legal Authority Marine Remanufacturing Concept Technical Feasibility Other iv viii 1-1 2-1 3-1 4-1 5-1 6-1 7-1 8-1 9-1 10-1
11-1
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INDEX OF PROPOSAL COMMENTERS Commenter
Aabenraa Motorfabrik Alexander/Ryan Marine & Safety Co. American Lung Association
Abbreviation
Docket ID Number
OAR-2003-0190-0549— 0549.3 OAR-2003-0190-0661 OAR-2003-0190-0592.1 1, 0728 2, (hearing: OAR2003-0190-0509) (hearing: OAR-20030190-0482) (hearing: OAR-20030190-0518) OAR-2003-0190-0560.1 OAR-2003-0190-0574.1, 0725 (reman) (hearing: OAR-20030190-0519) (hearing: OAR-20030190-0515, 0515.1) OAR-2003-0190-0566.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0479, 0510) OAR-2003-0190-0464, 0465 OAR-2003-0190-0581, 0581.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0520) OAR-2003-0190-0596.1, 0719 (duplicate) OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0580.1, 0591.1 (hearing: OAR2003-0190 -0485, -0498) OAR-2003-0190-0651 OAR-2003-0190-0548.1 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11, (hearing: OAR-20030190-0499) OAR-2003-0190-0592.11, 07282, (hearing: OAR2003-0190-0500) OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0650 OAR-2003-0190-0516
ALA
American Lung Association of the Northwest American Lung Association of Metropolitan Chicago American Short Line Railroad Association American Waterways Operators
ALA
ASLRRA AWO
Argillon LLC Association of American Railroads AAR
ASTM International Baylink Ferry/City of Vallejo Bollinger Shipyards Lockport, LLC California Air Resources Board Carolinas Clean Air Action Caterpillar, Inc. CARB
Chromium Corporation CIMAC (Intl. Council on Combustion Engines) Citizen Action Illinois Citizens for Pennsylvania’s Future Clean Air Task Force
PennFuture CATF
Clean Air Watch
Clean Water Action (National, MA, CT, PA, RI) Coalition of Aftermarket Rail and Marine Engine Suppliers Columbia River Gorge Commission
1 2
CARMES
Comment OAR-2003-0190-0592.1 was jointly submitted.
Marine remanufacturing comments OAR-2003-0190-0728 were jointly submitted by the American Lung
Association, Clean Air Watch, Environmental Defense, and Natural Resources Defense Council.
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Commission Centrale pour la Navigation du Rhine Crowley Maritime Corporation
CCNR
OAR-2003-0190-0715 EPA-HQ-OAR-20030190-0641, 0659 (duplicate) OAR-2003-0190-0559.1, 0653 (duplicate), 0731 (reman), (hearing: OAR2003-0190-0501) OAR-2003-0190-0568.1 OAR-2003-0190-0594.10594.4, 0662, Reman: 0729, (hearing: OAR2003-0190-0502) (hearing: OAR-20030190-0486) OAR-2003-0190-0569.1, 0570.1, 0571.1, 0575.1, 0577.1, 0578.1, 0582.1, 0584.1, 0585.1, 0586.1, 0587.1; Reman: 0726, 0727, 0733; (hearing: OAR-2003-0190-0503, 0545) OAR-2003-0190-0466 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11, 0610-0610.3, 07282, 0735, C3 comments: 0638 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0487, 0546, 0546.1) OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0477 OAR-2003-0190-0609 OAR-2003-0190-0590.1 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0602 OAR-2003-0190-0561.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0488) OAR-2003-0190-0654 OAR-2003-0190-0724 OAR-2003-0190-0588.1 OAR-2003-0190-0563.1 OAR-2003-0190-0567.1 OAR-2003-0190-0481 OAR-2003-0190-0472 OAR-2003-0190-0572, 0572.1, Reman: 0730, (hearing: OAR-20030190-0494, -0504) OAR-2003-0190-0595.1
Cummins, Inc.
Department of Defense (DoD) Clean Air Act Services Steering Committee Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc.
CAA SSC EMD
Elliot Bay Design Group Engine Manufacturers Association EMA
Environmental Club of Colorado State University-Pueblo Environmental Defense
Environment Northeast Fr. Fassmer GmbH & Co., Germany Friends of the Earth General Electric Transportation Group Against Smog and Pollution Horiba (labeled as private citizen M. Akard) (City of) Houston Department of Health & Human Services Johnson Matthey Kaydon Ring and Seal, Inc Kern County Board of Supervisors Kim Hotstart Manufacturing Co. Kirby Corporation Lake Carriers’ Association Lat-Lon LLC Makah Tribal Council Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association
GE
Kirby LCA
MECA
Marathon Petroleum Company
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Markle Marine Safety Services Marine Propulsion Technology, Inc. (w/ PurePower) MIRATECH Corporation Missouri Department of Natural Resources MotivePower, Inc. MTU Detroit Diesel Corporation, Inc. National Association of Clean Air Agencies MDNR MTU NACAA
OAR-2003-0190-0547, 0547.1 OAR-2003-0190-0720 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0505) OAR-2003-0190-0658 OAR-2003-0190-0613 OAR-2003-0190-0573.1 OAR-2003-0190-0579.1, 0732 (reman), (hearing: OAR-2003-0190-0495, 0511) OAR-2003-0190-0655 OAR-2003-0190-0656 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0513, 0513.1) OAR-2003-0190-0480 (hearing) OAR-2003-0190-0592.1, OAR-2003-0190-07282, (hearing: OAR-20030190-0489, -0606) OAR-2003-0190-0562.1 —0562.3 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0583, 0583.1 OAR-2003-0190-0565.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0496) OAR-2003-0190-0551.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0512) OAR-2003-0190-0593.1 —0593.2 OAR-2003-0190-0611.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0490, 0490.1) (hearing: OAR-20030190-0506) OAR-2003-0190-0652 OAR-2003-0190-0589.1 OAR-2003-0190-0633.1 OAR-2003-0190-0576— 0576.2 (hearing: OAR2003-0190-0507) (hearing: OAR-20030190-0491) OAR-2003-0190-0649 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0469, 0469.1, 0497) OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0484)
National Maintenance & Repair, Inc National Marine Manufacturers Association
NMMA
National Park Service- Pacific West Region Natural Resources Defense Council NRDC
New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection New Jersey Environmental Federation New York State Department of Environmental Conservation North Carolina Department of Air Quality North Kingston Community Association Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management Northwest Environmental Defense Center Offshore Marine Service Association
NJDEP
NYDEC NCDAQ
NESCAUM
OMSA
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Oregon Environmental Council Overseas Shipholding Group Ozone Transport Commission Passenger Vessel Association
ODEQ
OSG OTC PVA
Peninsular Engines, Inc. People for Puget Sound Port of Seattle Public Citizen Texas Office Puget Sound Clean Air Agency
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Pure Power EcoFuel, LLC (w/ MPT, Inc.) Railpower Hybrid Technologies Corp. Rail World, Inc. Respiratory Health Association of Metropolitan Chicago San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District Seaport Air Quality Program, Port of Seattle Southwest Clean Air Agency
OAR-2003-0190-0720 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0492) OAR-2003-0190-0474 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0556.1 OAR-2003-0190-0469 OAR-2003-0190-0468, (hearing: OAR-20030190-0508, 0508.1) OAR-2003-0558.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0483, 0483.1, 0493) OAR-2003-0190-0657 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0517) OAR-2003-0190-0553.1, 0554.1 OAR-2003-0190-0612.1, 0660 (duplicate) OAR-2003-0557, 0557.1 (hearing: OAR-20030190-0514) OAR-2003-0190-0721 OAR-2003-0190-0617, 0617.1 OAR-2003-0190-0592.11 OAR-2003-0190-0555.10555.2 3 OAR-2003-0190-0555.10555.23 OAR-2003-0190-0552 OAR-2003-0190-0467 OAR-2003-0190-0564.1
South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCAQMD
Survival Systems International Sustainable Energy and Economic Development Coalition Tacoma Public Utilities Teleflex EcoTrans Technologies Texas Commission on Environmental Quality Tidewater Marine
SEED
TCEQ
U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Marine Safety Association U.S. Public Interest Research Group Washington State Department of Transportation Washington State Ferry System Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources Wyoming Outdoor Council ZTR Control Systems
USMSA U.S. PIRG WSDOT WSF WDNR
3
Comments OAR-2003-0190-0555.1 and OAR-2003-0190-0555.2 were jointly submitted by the Washington State Ferry System and the Washington State Department of Transportation.
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LIST OF ACRONYMS AAPA ABS ABT AECC AECD AESS ANPRM API APU ASTM AQCD AQMP bpcd C1 American Association of Port Authorities American Bureau of Shipping Averaging, Banking, and Trading Association for Emissions Control by Catalyst Auxiliary Emission Control Device Automatic Engine Stop/Start Advance Notice of Proposed Rulemaking American Petroleum Institute Auxiliary Power Unit American Society for Testing and Materials Air Quality Criteria Document Air Quality Management Plan Barrels per Calendar Day Category 1 (marine diesel engines with capacity of 7 liters per cylinder or less; used to power vessels such as tugboats, fishing vessels, and other commercial vessels in and around U.S. ports, or as stand-alone generators for auxiliary electrical power on many types of vessels) Category 2 (marine diesel engines with an engine capacity over 7 liters per cylinder but less than 30 liters per cylinder; used to power vessels such as tugboats, fishing vessels, and other commercial vessels in and around U.S. ports, or as stand-alone generators for auxiliary electrical power on many types of vessels) Category 3 (marine diesel engines with per-cylinder displacement at or above 30 liters; very large marine diesel engines used on ocean-going vessels such as container ships, oil tankers, and cruise ships); also called “ocean-going vessels” Clean Air Act California Air Resources Board Clean Air Science Advisory Committee Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter Code of Federal Regulations Compression Ignition Carbon Monoxide Carbon Dioxide Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Controllable Pitch Propeller Constant Volume Sampler Direct Current Diesel Driven Heating System Deterioration Factor Diesel Oxidation Catalyst U.S. Department of Energy U.S. Department of Transportation
C2
C3
CAA CARB CASAC CDPF CFR CI CO CO2 COPD CPP CVS DC DDHS DF DOC DoE, DOE DOT
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DPF DPU DRIA ECM EGR EEZ EIA EIA E.O. EPA ERC ESC ETC EU F FEL FR FRA FRM G g/bhp-hr g/kW-hr GHG GPS GSM H2S HAD HC HD HDOH HDV HEP HEPA HP, hp HPD HRA Hz IEEE IM, I/M IMO INTERTANKO ISO kW L/cyl LDV
Diesel Particulate Filter Distributed Power Unit Draft Regulatory Impact Analysis Engine Control Module Exhaust Gas Recirculation Exclusive Economic Zone Economic Impact Analysis (DOE’s) Energy Information Administration Executive Order U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Emission Reduction Credits European Stationary Cycle European Transient Cycle European Union Frequency Factor Family Emissions Limit Federal Register Federal Railroad Administration Final Rulemaking Gravitational Constant Grams per brake horsepower-hour Grams per kilowatt-hour Greenhouse Gas Global Positioning System Global System for Mobile Communications Hydrogen Sulfide Health Assessment Document Hydrocarbon Heavy Duty Heavy Duty On-Highway Heavy-duty Vehicle Head End Power High-Efficiency Particulate Air Horsepower High Power Density Health Risk Assessment Hertz Institute of Electrical Engineers Inspection and Maintenance International Maritime Organization International Association of Independent Tanker Operators International Organization for Standardization Kilowatt Liters per cylinder Light-duty Vehicle ix
LEV LM LMOA LNG LSD LTR MARPOL MIL MOU MY NAAQS NH3 NMHC NO NO2 NOx N20 NPRM NPV NRLM NTE O3 OBD OEM OGV OMB OSV OTAQ PFD PGM PLT PM PM10 PM2.5 ppm R&D RCL RFA RIA ROG ROI SAB SAB-HES SAE SAPS
Low Emission Vehicle Locomotive and Marine Diesel Fuel Locomotive Maintenance Officers Association Liquefied Natural Gas Low Sulfur Diesel Limited Testing Region International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships Malfunction Indicator Light Memorandum of Understanding Model Year National Ambient Air Quality Standard Ammonia Non-methane Hydrocarbon Nitric Oxide Nitrogen Dioxide Oxides of Nitrogen Nitrous Oxide Notice of Proposed Rulemaking Net Present Value Nonroad, Locomotive, and Marine diesel fuel Not-to-Exceed Ozone On-board Diagnostics Original Equipment Manufacturer Ocean-going Vessel Office of Management and Budget Off-shore Support Vessel Office of Transportation and Air Quality Partial-Flow Dilution Platinum Group Metals Production Line Testing Particulate Matter Particulate Matter 10 microns in diameter or less Particulate Matter 2.5 microns in diameter or less Parts per Million Research and Development Remote-controlled Locomotive Regulatory Flexibility Act Regulatory Impact Analysis Reactive Organic Gas Return on Investment Science Advisory Board Science Advisory Board Health Effects Subcommittee Society of Automotive Engineers Sulfated Ash, Phosphorus, and Sulfur x
SBA SBAR Panel SBREFA SCR SCFM SEA SIP SO2 SOx SOLAS SPD STB TBN THC TPD, tpd ULSD U.S.C. USCG USDA VOC VWT WHO
Small Business Administration Small Business Advocacy Review Panel (or, ‘The Panel’) Small Business Regulatory Enforcement Fairness Act Selective Catalytic Reduction “Standard” Cubic Feet Per Minute Selective Enforcement Audit State Implementation Plan Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur Oxides (International Convention) for the Safety of life at Sea Standard Power Density Surface Transportation Board Total Base Number Total Hydrocarbon Tons per day Ultra-low Sulfur Diesel United States Code United States Coast Guard United States Department of Agriculture Volatile Organic Compound Vanadium-Tungsten-Titanium Mixed Oxide World Health Organization
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