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TechnologyTransfer Office
Nanotechnology
2009
Nanowires
Electronic Devices
Medical Devices
Smart Dust
Clean Technology
Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires grown in the Deli Wang lab at UCSD
UCSD Technology Transfer Office
9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, CA 92093-0910
phone 858.534.5815 fax 858.534.7345
http://invent.ucsd.edu
techtips@ucsd.edu
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
NANOWIRES
Ultra-sensitive explosive detectors
Rapid Detection of SUMMARY: UCSD researchers have developed a simple, fast, and inex-
Explosives pensive sensor to detect trace amounts of explosives. A silicon polymer has
SD2000-160 been made into a “nanowire,” 2000 times thinner than a human hair, that
detects compounds such as picric acid, nitrobenzene (NB), dinitrotoluene
(DNT) and trinitrotoluene (TNT) in air or seawater, or on surfaces.
The sensor uses a thin film of photoluminescent polysilole that can also
be sprayed on solid surfaces such as filter paper. Wherever the polymer
comes into contact with molecules of explosive material, the fluorescent
signal is quenched. This polysilole is stable in air, water, acids, common
organic solvents and seawater-containing bioorganisms.
TNT vapor in air is detected to 4 ppb (parts per billion) within 10
minutes; in sea water 1.5 ppt (parts per trillion) TNT and 6 ppb Picric
Acid can be detected. Picric Acid is a substance commonly used in letter
bombs.
A hand or object that has been in contact with even tiny amounts of
TNT may be readily imaged by pressing it to a piece of paper, spraying
the paper with a 0.1 M toluene solution of the polymer, and observing
the paper with the naked eye under a black light.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: This technology has
myriad applications in forensic science, law enforcement and the military.
In addition, it could be used to map pollution from munitions manufactur-
ing and storage and to locate unexploded land or sea mines to facilitate
their removal.
New Catalytic SUMMARY: UCSD researchers have developed a new method to syn-
Method for thesize polymetalloles. This method represents a vast improvement over
Synthesizing current methods of synthesis, such as Wurtz-coupling polycondensation,
Polymetalloles because:
1. Yields are very high: 80-90% with only 1% catalyst added, as
SD2002-223
compared with approximately 30% for conventional methods; and
2. The reagents used are not hazardous, as are those for Wurtz-type
coupling. Therefore, this method is much better suited to large-scale
commercial production.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: Polysiloles and polyger-
moles have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, because
of their unusual electronic properties and their applications as:
· electron-transporting materials in devices;
· polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs);and
· highly efficient inorganic polymer sensors;
(continued on next page)
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
NANOWIRES (continued)
New Catalytic (Potential Commercial Applications continued)
Method for
Synthesizing to name a few. For example, polymetalloles are especially useful as sen-
Polymetalloles sors for the detection of explosives and carcinogenic heavy metals such
as CR(VI) (see related inventions: SD2000-160 and SD2003-020). The
SD2002-223
recent interest in technologies related to Homeland Security has focused
much attention on compounds such as these, that can be produced
cheaply and are highly and specifically sensitive to dangerous agents.
PATENT STATUS: Patents are pending. Foreign rights are available.
Photoluminescent SUMMARY: UCSD researchers have synthesized twelve new polymetal-
Polymers and loles that detect explosives such as TNT, DNT, nitrobenzene and picric
copolymers acid. The detection method (see SD2000-160) involves simple measure-
Containing ment of the quenching of photoluminescence of these copolymers, either
in solution or on thin films or other surfaces.
Metalloles for
These molecules have very high specificity and sensitivity, being
Explosives able to detect TNT, even in organism-containing seawater, with a detection
Detection in Vapor limit of 1.5 parts per trillion at a 95% confidence level. The fact that they
Phase or Solution have a very high luminescence quantum efficiency means that they are
SD2003-020 450% better at detecting TNT than the organic pentiptycene polymers
being developed by Nomadics, Inc.
Use of a combination of two or more of these compounds further
increases the selectivity of the sensors; the results of combininb subsets
of this group are still under study.
Yet another advantage of this class of compounds is that they
can be produced very cheaply; a new method of synthesis discussed
elsewhere (see SD2003-223) permits large-scale production with a yield
of 80-90% with only 1% catalyst. Furthermore, fewer steps are needed
and the reagents required are not hazardous, in contrast to those used
for competing molecular sensors.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: Polysiloles and polyger-
moles have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years, because
of their unusual electronic properties and their applications as:
· electron-transporting materials in devices;
· polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs); and
· highly efficient inorganic polymer sensors;
to name a few. For example, polymetalloles are especially useful as sen-
sors for the detection of explosives and carcinogenic heavy metals such
as CR(VI) (see related inventions: SD2000-160 and SD2002-223). The
recent interest in technologies related to Homeland Security has focused
much attention on compounds such as these, which can be produced
cheaply and are highly and specifically sensitive to dangerous agents.
PATENT STATUS: Patents are pending. Foreign rights are available.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
NANOWIRES (continued)
Zig-Zag Carbon Since their discovery, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been studied for many
Nanotubes different applications because of their exceptional electrical and mechanical
SD2005-023 properties. Carbon nanotubes have already been shown to be useful for a va-
riety of applications like field emission devices, nano-scale electromechanical
actuators, field-effect transistors (FETs), CNT based random access memory
(RAM), and atomic force microscope (AFM) probes.
In order to utilize CNTs as interconnects and other device components, the
ability to control their morphology is necessary. University of California ,
Department of Engineering researchers have successfully grown CNTs with
sharp bends that maintain a constant tube diameter before and after a bend,
and the ability to grow structures with multiple bends resulting in a zig-zag
morphology. Zig-zag structured or singly bent CNTs could be used for many
applications, e.g., related to mechanical nanosprings, or complicated circuit
nano-interconnections.
This technology is presently available for licensing. Patents pending.
Electric Field SUMMARY: Researchers in the laboratory of Professor Michael Heller within
Nanopore Fabrication UCSD’s BioEngineering Department have developed a bottom-up nano-fab-
Process and Devices rication process using E-fields and arrangements of nano-pore structures to
for Assembly of control the self assembly of higher order structures from functionalized DNA,
RNA, oligonucleotides, polypepetides and other self-assembling molecules.
Functionalized Higher
Further, two and three dimensional structures and devices may be further
Order Nanostructures realized from these first building blocks.
SD2005-133
The approach of this invention overcomes the traditional problem encountered
with classical synthetic chemistry techniques by preventing the inter/intra
molecular linking which inhibits formation of linear DNA structures. By pre-
venting this linking, higher order structures may be realized from multiply
functionalized self-assembling components.
APPLICATIONS: This invention will enable the creation of high quality
linear photonic transfer and electronic transfer structures for use in nano-
photonic and nano-electronic IC’s and devices.
PATENT STATUS: Patent pending, license rights available
UCSD Technology Transfer Office, patents, markets, and licenses UCSD-developed tech-
nologies for commercial applications in the global market. Part of TechTIPS’ mission includes
enhancing the research experience for faculty and students. In addition, our activities pro-
mote the economic development of the Greater Southern California region by out-licensing
the fruits of UCSD research.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
NANOWIRES (continued)
Ultrasensitive, Ion BACKGROUND: Detection and quantization at the level of single molecules
Channel-Based is the ultimate goal of analytical assays. A sensitive, platform technology
Detection of Chemical could transform diverse fields from environmental monitoring to medical
and Biochemical diagnostics and fundamental studies of a rich variety of chemical and bio-
chemical processes. The early potential of synthetic, ion channel-forming
Analytes
peptides was has not been realized; one factor of many has been the inabil-
SD2008-006 ity to translate the technology to low cost, large scale production of stable
and portable devices. The absence of generalized modalities for sensing a
broad range of analytes left few incentives to clear the hurdles.
TECHNOLOGY: UCSD researchers developed proprietary compositions of
matter and methods for synthesizing exquisitely sensitive, ion channel-
based nanosensors. Three different classes of compositions give access to
completely different classes of chemical reactivity that are typically used
in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry and biotechnology. These novel ion
channels are extremely stable and the approach has been validated by the
detection of selected chemical transformations, protein-ligand interactions,
and enzymatic reactions. The nanoscale characteristics of these probes
enable the development of highly sensitive assays in very small volumes
and the ability to design miniaturized devices may enable the development
of parallel assays in a high density platform.
ADVANTAGES: Ion channel-forming peptides are particularly attractive
as a practical, molecular platform for development of nanoprobes. Advan-
tages include their:
* ability to sense a wide variety of external factors, including the pres-
ence of ligand-binding proteins, chemically and biochemically reactive
agents, light, pH or electrolytes
* availability from commercial inexpensive sources and their amenabil-
ity to large scale production
* spontaneous, self-incorporation into membranes, i.e., direct dissolu-
tion in aqueous solution vs. reconstitution into bilayers by proteoliposome
fusion
* compatibility with user-friendly chemistry such as “click” chemistry
* quantized conductance properties which simplify interpretation of the
signal
* potential to customize derivatives with distinct conductance properties
for specific sensing applications
* high sensitivity based on amplification of ion flux through a single
pore
* low background signal from non-ionic or colored molecules make
their detection orthogonal and complimentary to existing optical detection
platforms
iNTERNATIONAL PATENT: pending
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
ELECTRONIC DEVICES
Controlled BACKGROUND: Such diverse fields as nano-materials, biomatrices
Mineralization of a and semi-conductors are all challenged by the need to generate ma-
Matrix terials with such desired features as surface compatibility, size, shape
SD2002-B28 and hardness. Answers to these common issues may be addressed by
understanding how nature solves similar problems.
TECHNOLOGY: Characterization of natural mechanisms of bone calci-
fication have yielded insight into a more general means for controlled
mineralization of any matrix of interest. The technique of “mineraliza-
tion by inhibitor exclusion” has been validated for mineralization of
bone but is generally applicable to other combinations of matrices and
inhibitors.
ADVANTAGES AND APPLICATIONS
* Generation of biocompatible dental implants and bone grafts
* Custom fabrication of mineralized structures with such features as
increased life, drug-elution and durability
* Direct means for converting non-compatible to compatible surfaces
* Useful for generation of nano- to macro-scale materials
* Translatable to various matrix/inhibitor combinations
PATENT STATUS: pending
SUPPLEMENTAL INFO:
Toroian, D, Lim JL, Price PA.,J Biol Chem. 2007; 282:22437-47
Toroian, D, and Price, PA. Calcified Tissue International. 2008;
82(2):116-126
Other interests and publications found at: http://www.biology.ucsd.
edu/labs/pprice/
Electrolytic University researchers at the Jacobs School of Engineering have de-
Nanolithography veloped methods and tools for new nano lithographic processes. The
Process, Tools for Such invention includes a new nanowire fabrication method, the tools/de-
Process and Article vices needed for such technique, and new materials produced by the
technique.
Produced by Such
Process
SD2003-276
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
ELECTRONIC DEVICES (continued)
Ultra-high-density DESCRIPTION: University inventors have invented a high-density
Information Storage recording medium which comprises an array of nanomagnets
Media and Method for disposed within a matrix of material. The nanomagnets are
Making the Same substantially perpendicular to a planar surface. Such media
can provide ultra-high density recording with bit size less than
SD2003-271 and
50 nm and even less than 20 nm. A variety of techniques have
SD2003-272 (Read been invented for making such a media, along with a read head.
Head)
Article Comprising a DESCRIPTION: High Power Microwave (HPM) systems have many
High-Electrical- civilian and military applications in the areas of communications and
Conductivity radar. One of the major technical barriers to realizing practical devices is
the RF breakdown of component materials. The intense high frequency
Nanocomposite
RF electric and magnetic fields present in HPM devices are known to
Material and Method cause a mechanical and electrical breakdown on surfaces of the HPM
for Fabricating such an device. Thermal shock caused by rapid temperature excursions between
Article room temperature and the pulse heated temperature of even less than
SD2004-114 a few hundred degrees centigrade can induce defects and cracks in
the copper material with a resultant deterioration of performance. It
is desirable to make the copper, or other conductive material, for the
HPM component resistant to thermal shock. This invention, in early
stage development by University of California , Engineering Depart-
ment researchers, involves creation of a high strength and fatigue
resistant copper material which is also highly electrically conductive,
without containing any electrically insulating particles, so that reliable
RF operation of HPM devices is made possible.
This technology is presently available for licensing. Patents pending.
Jacobs School of Engineering – Statistical Snapshot
• 181 Faculty members
• 17 Members of the National Academy
• 28 Endowed Chair Professors
• $141 Million Research Expenditures
Division of Physical Sciences – Statistical Snapshot
• 146 Faculty Members
• 22 Members of the National Academy
• 14 Endowed Chair Professors
• $40 Million Research Expenditures
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
ELECTRONIC DEVICES (continued)
Novel Non-proximity The subject technology has several unique cost advantages in comparison
Projection to the techniques and methods being employed or pursued for lithography
Lithography and with CD (Critical Dimension) node below 100 nm including Extreme UV
Mask-less (EUV), imprint, and multi beam/column electron beam techniques.
Lithography II with
The proposed technology allows the generation of a few micro amps of
Electrons
highly collimated, mono-energetic electrons with large beam diameters
SD2004-121 up to several centimeters. Availability of large diameter beams coupled
with fundamentally new wide field electron lens design allows full die (a
few cm on side) exposure without wafer stage movement either in projec-
tion mode using a simple metal diaphragm as an electron mask or in ML2
mode. We accomplish massively parallel maskless lithography by writ-
ing pixels with user selectable shape, fluence, cross sectional area, and
exposure duration. In particular, the inherent wide field of the gun/lens
assembly significantly reduces the stochastic electron-electron interaction
induced blur, which would otherwise limit the resolution. Thus, CD < 10
nm at 1 wafer (300 mm)/hr throughput (independent of CD) per source/
lens assembly can be attained. The unique source/lens design when used
in the single beam mode (i.e., without forming pixels), offers significant
improvements to the performance of the existing direct write machines
and microscopes as well.
As the wafer stage (and mask stage, if any) does not move during full die
exposure in the ebeam resist – we eliminate multiple lithography steps,
expensive electromechanical stages, and realignment of the wafer. Thus,
writing feature sizes ranging from a few nm to mm in each layer of a
typical microprocessor requires single step, single platform process. This
process is either a completely maskless or a combination of masked and
maskless processes within the same tool. In addition, multiple source/
lens assemblies can be incorporated into each lithographic platform that
share the same vibration control systems, vacuum systems, digital mask
storage, optical communications systems, and other peripheral systems
which form the expensive parts in the design. Mass production of the
source/lens assemblies and computer controls ensures lower cost of the
proposed technology for a given throughput. Such a modular design will
be most efficient in industrial assembly line setting where the shut down
of one or two source/lens assemblies for repair/maintenance does not
affect the overall process.
With $141.0 million in federal, state and industry research support in FY07, the Jacobs
School ranks 4th in the nation for research expenditures per faculty member, reflecting
UCSD’s leadership as a research university. (U.S. News, 2008)
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
ELECTRONIC DEVICES (continued)
Dry Adhesion and DESCRIPTION: Using the Tacky Dot® technology, University re-
Patterning of searchers have adapted the technology to the area of patterning of
Nanomaterials on carbon nanotubes, nanowires, and other types of nano-materials. The
Tacky Photopolymer technology places the nanomaterials on the surface of the photopoly-
mer, sandwiched with other materials, or in layers to form a structure
SD2005-190
of nanomaterial. This dry method removes both the need for the use
of a flux found in wet methods, and the need to anneal the surface to
fix the nanomaterials in place. This method is capable of producing
patterns whose size is just a few microns. This method can be used
to build products in the areas of sensors, photocatalysts, and other
products requiring complicated structuring of nanomaterials.
See also:
* Tacky Dot® for Semiconductor Array Packaging
* http://www.soe.ucsd.edu/news_events/news_
2001/20011029.shtml for information on the donation.
Use of the trademark can also be made available.
Case Nos: 2005-190, 2002-089, 2002-823, 2002-824
The University of California, San Diego is one of the nation’s most accomplished research universities, widely
acknowledged for its local impact, national influence, and global reach. A leader in climate science research,
UC San Diego is one of the greenest universities in the U.S. and works with communities, governments, busi-
nesses, and organizations to promote sustainability solutions throughout the region and the world.
With a majestic view of the Pacific Ocean, this distinctively beautiful campus is both a magnet and a catalyst for
acclaimed institutes and Nobel laureates. The university’s award-winning scholars are experts at the forefront
of their fields with an impressive track record for achieving scientific, medical, and technological breakthroughs.
Renowned for its collaborative, diverse, and cross-disciplinary ethos that transcends traditional boundaries in
science, arts, and the humanities, UC San Diego attracts exceptional faculty, stellar students, and outstanding
staff.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
ELECTRONIC DEVICES (continued)
Ultrasensitive, Ion BACKGROUND: Detection and quantization at the level of single
Channel-Based molecules is the ultimate goal of analytical assays. A sensitive, plat-
Detection of Chemical form technology could transform diverse fields from environmental
and Biochemical monitoring to medical diagnostics and fundamental studies of a rich
variety of chemical and biochemical processes. The early potential of
Analytes
synthetic, ion channel-forming peptides was has not been realized;
SD2008-006 one factor of many has been the inability to translate the technology
to low cost, large scale production of stable and portable devices.
The absence of generalized modalities for sensing a broad range of
analytes left few incentives to clear the hurdles.
Technology: UCSD researchers developed proprietary compositions
of matter and methods for synthesizing exquisitely sensitive, ion
channel-based nanosensors. Three different classes of compositions
give access to completely different classes of chemical reactivity that
are typically used in the fields of chemistry, biochemistry and bio-
technology. These novel ion channels are extremely stable and the
approach has been validated by the detection of selected chemical
transformations, protein-ligand interactions, and enzymatic reactions.
The nanoscale characteristics of these probes enable the development
of highly sensitive assays in very small volumes and the ability to
design miniaturized devices may enable the development of parallel
assays in a high density platform.
Advantages: Ion channel-forming peptides are particularly attractive
as a practical, molecular platform for development of nanoprobes.
Advantages include their:
* ability to sense a wide variety of external factors, including the
presence of ligand-binding proteins, chemically and biochemically
reactive agents, light, pH or electrolytes
* availability from commercial inexpensive sources and their ame-
nability to large scale production
* spontaneous, self-incorporation into membranes, i.e., direct
dissolution in aqueous solution vs. reconstitution into bilayers by
proteoliposome fusion
* compatibility with user-friendly chemistry such as “click” chem-
istry
* quantized conductance properties which simplify interpretation
of the signal
* potential to customize derivatives with distinct conductance
properties for specific sensing applications
* high sensitivity based on amplification of ion flux through a
single pore
* low background signal from non-ionic or colored molecules make
their detection orthogonal and complimentary to existing optical
detection platforms
International Patents pending
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
MEDICAL DEVICES
Controlled Background: Such diverse fields as nano-materials, biomatrices and
Mineralization of a semi-conductors are all challenged by the need to generate materials
Matrix with such desired features as surface compatibility, size, shape and
SD2002-B28 hardness. Answers to these common issues may be addressed by un-
derstanding how nature solves similar problems.
Technology: Characterization of natural mechanisms of bone calcifi-
cation have yielded insight into a more general means for controlled
mineralization of any matrix of interest. The technique of “mineraliza-
tion by inhibitor exclusion” has been validated for mineralization of
bone but is generally applicable to other combinations of matrices and
inhibitors.
Advantages and Applications:
* Generation of biocompatible dental implants and bone grafts
* Custom fabrication of mineralized structures with such features as
increased life, drug-elution and durability
* Direct means for converting non-compatible to compatible surfaces
* Useful for generation of nano- to macro-scale materials
* Translatable to various matrix/inhibitor combinations
Patent status: pending
Supplemental Info:
Toroian, D, Lim JL, Price PA.,J Biol Chem. 2007; 282:22437-47
Toroian, D, and Price, PA. Calcified Tissue International. 2008;
82(2):116-126
Other interests and publications found at: http://www.biology.ucsd.
edu/labs/pprice/
A Method to Detect and DESCRIPTION:
Treat Localized University inventors have invented a powerful method for
Abnormalities 1) Detection of areas of passive or active targeting of abnormalities
SD2004-251 for diagnostic purposes
2) Cellular/tissue ablation at the micro- or cellular scale
3) Efficient localized drug delivery that can begin therapy with the
mechanical disruption of cells or structures.
The method is an improvement over existing techniques by allowing
for
1) An easy detection method.
2) Elimination of the need for image guidance or prior visualization of
the tissue to be treated.
3) Extremely high sensitivity, significantly improving the detection of
very small collections of abnormalities.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
MEDICAL DEVICES continued
Optical Detection of Integrated micro-fluidic chips that perform a variety of functions for
Suspended chemical analysis and biological screening have found wide applica-
Micro-objects using tions in the pharmaceutical industry and have accelerated the progress
Array Waveguides of research in biotechnology. Significant efforts have been made to
integrate micro-optical and optoelectronic devices with micro-fluidic
SD2005-162
systems to provide on-chip fluorescence detection and biochemical
sensing.
Recently, researchers at the University of California , San Diego , have
introduced micro fabricated electrodes into fluidic channels to facilitate
optical detection by controlling and manipulating the positions , angles,
and populations of analytes in micro-fluidic channels, such as cells
and DNA, via a dielectrophoretic effect. The researchers have fabri-
cated, using novel technology, microfluidic-photonic-dielectrophoretic
integrated circuits with channel waveguides. This represents a new
class of circuits particularly attractive to lab-on-a-chip and biomedical
applications. [Aspects of this research have been published: The 17
th Annual Meeting IEEE / LEOS, Technical Digest]
This technology is presently available for licensing.
Bio-Implant and DESCRIPTION: Researchers at the University of California , San
Accelerated Cell Diego , have developed a bio-compatible nano-structured material,
Growth and method of use, that markedly accelerates the growth of cells.
SD2005-225
Early experimental results with osteoblasts in culture show strong
cell adhesion with significantly enhanced formation of cells and
associated bone growth. Additional early studies on stem cells also
show accelerated growth without differentiation. Investigations are
underway with additional cell lines as well as exploration of numerous
applications such as proliferation and harvesting of cells, especially
rare cells; therapeutic applications by controlled drug release; and
faster diagnosis of disease. Economical and convenient fabrication
of the nano-structured substrate material has been demonstrated in
the laboratory.
COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL: Wafers of the nano-structured material
can be inserted into cell culture plates or flasks for accelerated
growth of cells. Growth factors or other molecules, such as DNA or
small molecule drugs, can be loaded into the nanostructure. This
biocompatible material can be used to coat the surface of orthopedic
or dental implants to permit a stronger bond with tissue as well as
accelerate healing.
This technology is available for licensing. Patent pending
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
MEDICAL DEVICES continued
pH-“Tunable” Target-selective drug delivery remains a challenge for various thera-
Nano-particle Drug peutic applications and particularly for cancer. Current targeting strat-
Delivery System egies include formulation and encapsulation for preferential release
SD2006-140 in the acidic tumor environment as well as covalent conjugation via
linkers sensitive to pH, to oxygen levels or to disease-specific enzymes.
These approaches have been limited by:
* stringent requirements on linkable drugs and carriers
* inflexible rates of release and
* insufficient target/tumor-specificity of relevant enzymes.
A new class of linkers has been developed to address these limita-
tions. These linkers:
* undergo controlled hydrolysis at physiological temperature and
in mild aqueous, acidic environments,
* can be tuned to hydrolyze with half-lives from 30 minutes to
greater than 9 months,
* accommodate a wide range of biocompatible drug carriers and
* flexibly conjugate to a wide variety of drugs (via alcohol, amine
or imidazole).
These features should prove extremely relevant for clinical applications,
from cancer to ophthalmology, where increased efficacy and reduce
drug toxicity can enhance the therapeutic profile and/or extend patent
life for promising and useful drugs.
Related Information:
* http://yangserver.ucsd.edu/
* Bioconjugate Chemistry 2007, 18, 293-29
Pending International Application Number: WO/2007/114946
- UCSD’s research engine generated over 300 innovations in each of the last 4 fiscal years
- 1700+ technologies available for licensing
- Over 100 start-up companies formed with UCSD licensed innovations to date
- The campus is at the epicenter of one of the top technology clusters
- UCSD had a national economic impact of over $5 billion in last fiscal year
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
MEDICAL DEVICES continued
A Method for Controlling DESCRIPTION: UCSD inventors have invented a new method for
the Release of Drugs controlling the release of drugs or vaccines into the body, allowing
SD2007-033 for either slow or rapid release. The method works in conjunction
with a class of nanocontainers that carry the drug into the body,
though is not limited to any particular one. This method can be
used with a wide spectrum of drugs or vaccines. It is not limited
to drugs that are easy to combine with particular binders and does
not necessarily require the use of specialized coatings. The method
can be applied to treatment or vaccination regimens that currently
require multiple injections, where reducing the number of injections
can lead to better patient compliance, reduce discomfort, etc. The
proposed method allows for low cost of mass-production
New Surface for DESCRIPTION: Researchers at UCSD have developed a nanotube
Accelerated Cartilage Cell surface on titanium oxide (TiO2) that markedly accelerates the
Growth growth of cells. This biocompatible material can be used to coat
SD2009-001 the surface of orthopedic implants to permit a stronger bond with
bone as well as accelerate healing.
Early experimental results with cells in culture show strong
cell adhesion with significantly enhanced formation of cells and
associated growth. Economical and convenient fabrication of the
nano-structured substrate material has been demonstrated in the
laboratory.
Commercial Potential: This biocompatible material can be used to
coat the surface of orthopedic implants to permit a stronger bond
with tissue as well as accelerate healing for joint replacements,
resulting in shorter recovery times for patients. It may also reduce
failure rates for such surgeries. Growth factors or other molecules,
such as DNA or small molecule drugs, may be loaded into the
nanostructure to promote the growth of cells.
For cell culture applications, wafers of the nano-structured material
can be inserted into cell culture plates or flasks for accelerated
growth of cells. Patents pending.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST
A new porous-silicon-based nanotechnology
A Porous Semiconductor- BACKGROUND: Combinatorial chemistry is arguably the most
Based Optical important development in the drug discovery process in over a
Interferometric Sensor decade. However, the detection of significant biological events in
SD1997-064 high throughput screening involves many burdensome tasks, and
often includes the separation of the products of reaction before
detection can take place.
DESCRIPTION: This chemistry provides a means to sensitively
measure the quantity of a chemical compound or element of interest
(analyte) by measuring the effect it has on the optical interference
spectrum from a layer of porous silicon that may or may not have
been modified to enhance the binding of the analyte.
ADVANTAGES: This invention has excellent applications to
homogeneous assay systems because organic compounds can
be detected in solutions without separating them, removing the
burdensome step of washing out the compounds. This method may
be performed using nanoliters of reactants.
Nanoporous DESCRIPTION: UCSD researchers have developed a silicon-based
Silicon Bioreactor bioreactor. Initial studies have been done with primary hepatocytes
SD2001-054 from rat, stabilized in cell-sized pores of porous silicon. Physiologi-
cal and biochemical activities of the cells were quantitatively evalu-
ated over time. The hepatocytes adhered to the silicon and main-
tained viability similar to controls. Silicon-based cells also main-
tained liver specific functions, including urea synthesis and albumin
secretion. This novel, silicon micro-bioreactor serves a dual role,
stabilizing the cellular phenotype and facilitating efficient mass
transfer between the fluid and the cells. This invention has applica-
tions for further development in many areas, from tissue engineer-
ing to drug discovery applications.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
DESCRIPTION: Researches at the University of California at San Diego
Optically Encoded
have invented an optical encoding method for encoding micron-sized
Nanoparticles nanoporous semiconductor, conductor, or dielectric particles to be used in
SD2002-075 biological and / or chemical screening, sensing,or identification application.
Particles are optically encoded by changing process conditions during
porosification. The particles can thereby be chemically modified for specific
biological, biomedical, electronic, or environmental applications. The
method, employing reflection spectroscopy, does not have the disadvantage
of photobleaching inherent with fluorophores. Additionally, fluorescent
analytes do not interfere with the particle signal. Moreover, the method
is biocompatable, and can be applied to the screening of large numbers
DESCRIPTION: Synthesis of materials inside templates has emerged as a
Nanostructured
useful and versatile technique to generate three-dimensional nanostructures.
Casting of Organic Previous approaches use templates consisting of microporous membranes,
and Biopolymers zeolites, and crystalline colloidal arrays. These have been used to construct
in Porous Silicon elaborate electronic, mechanical, or optical structures. Porous Si is an
Templates for Drug attractive candidate as a template because the porosity and average pore
Delivery size can be readily tuned by adjustment of the electrochemical preparation
SD2003-024 conditions. Additionally, elaborate 2- and 2.5-dimentional photonic crystals
are readily prepared in porous Si.
Researchers at the University of California, San Diego have demonstrated
the templating of solution-cast and injection molded thermoplastic organic,
inorganic, and biopolymers in porous Si multilayer (Rugate, Bragg filter)
structures. The castings retain the photonic structure of the template.
Demonstrated uses of the castings include vapor sensors, deformable and
tunable optical filters, as well as self-reporting, bioresorbable drug delivery
materials.
This technology is available for licensing.
Determination DESCRIPTION: This invention teaches the preparation and use of porous
of Protein Size Si films containing a controlled distribution of pore sizes for a unique bio-
SD2003-182 sensing application. Use of this invention to achieve the simultaneous
separation and detection of a protein in a nano-machined silicon matrix is
described. Gating of the response by adjustment of pH below and above the
isoelectric point of the protein has also been demonstrated, and provides
an additional means of bio-molecule separation and identification. This
invention is useful for the determination of protein size and for the detection
of weakly-bound complexes. In addition, the invention can controllably
trap and release proteins from a microporous matrix and is useful for drug
delivery applications, as porous Si has been shown to be bio-compatible
and readily bio-resorbable.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
Complex Optical DESCRIPTION: Researchers at the University of California, San Diego,
Encoding of Porous have invented a method of optically encoding porous silicon photonic
Silicon Photonic crystals for use in high throughput screening and bioassays. The method
Crystals allows for large libraries of unique particle types to be manufactured.
SD2003-214
The process is distinct from existing methods of encoding, such as
fluorescent molecules, core-shell quantum dots, and photonic crystals
formed using Rugate or Bragg reflectivity approaches, in that it does
not strive to create spectral lines that act as bits-and are limited by the
number of codes that can be generated. In contrast, this invention for
data extraction and analysis utilizes all the complexity of the spectrum
which results from the reflectivity properties of the photonic crystals.
Unlike bioassay systems, which couple fluorescent encoding methods with
fluorescent assay, the method does not suffer from spectral overlap of the
encoding method with the assay readout.
These photonic crystals may be used as integral parts of randomly
assembled microarrays. These microarrays could be applied in the field of
gene expression, genotyping, proteomics, as well as real time chemical
and biological sensing.
This technology is presently available for licensing. Patent pending.
Self-Assembling, DESCRIPTION: There are presently many examples of 1-,2-,and 3-
Self-Orienting dimensional objects constructed using so-called self-assembly reactions. For
Photonic Crystals example, covalent bonds formed between alkanethiols and gold substrates
of Porous Silicon have been used to pattern surfaces; or hydrogen bonding interactions
between DNA base pairs have been used to assemble nanoparticles into
SD2003-257
complex assemblies. Recently, however, researchers at the University of
California, San Diego, have developed a novel technique that allows for the
production of optical films with spatially resolved, chemically distinct layers.
Although there is literature precedent for a range of surface modifications on
porous silicon, the method can dually functionalize the sensors that imparts
to them their ability to self-assemble and orient selectively at an interface.
The main requirement of the chemical modification reaction used in the
functionalization steps is that they be stable to the hydrofluoric etchant
used in generating subsequent porous silicon layers. It is anticipated that a
number of chemical and electrochemical modification strategies developed
for porous silicon can be used with this procedure.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
Porous Silicon SUMMARY: UCSD researchers have developed a new nanotechnology
Photonic Crystals (“Smart Dust”) with state-of-the-art applications in almost every field
Exhibiting of use, ranging from biological sensing and screening to communica-
Multi-Line, Grey tions technology.
Scale Spectra
The invention utilizes micron-sized particles of silicon that have been
SD2004-032 etched and then chemically modified in such a way that each individual
particle has its own addressable identity. This feature allows one to use
thousands of the particles together, each with its own “tag”, for high-
sensitivity chemical or biological sensing, diagnostics, and low- and
high-throughput screening of biomolecular compounds.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: In addition to those
mentioned above, the researchers are currently exploring other biologi-
cal applications, such as controlled drug release, biomedical implants,
artificial organs, and cell-based experimentation platforms.
More information about Smart Dust, as well as a list of publications,
can be found at: http://chem-faculty.ucsd.edu/sailor/research/.
This technology is available for licensing, sponsored research or both.
Further information can be obtained under a Confidentiality Agreement..
Case Numbers: SD1997-064, SD2002-075, SD2003-182, SD2003-214,
SD2003-257 and SD2004-032
Magnetic Porous Sili- DESCRIPTION: Porous silicon (PSi) is a particularly attractive mate-
con Photonic Crys- rial for biological and high-tech applications because of the ease with
tals which the optical properties, pore size, and surface chemistry can be
SD2004-206 manipulated. The position, width and intensity of spectral reflectivity
peaks are controlled by current density, waveform and solution com-
position used in the electrochemical etch. This allows the preparation
and of PSi photonic crystals that can display any number of colors within
the visible spectrum with high color saturation and resolution, highly
Amphiphilic Magnetic desirable features for information display. Researchers at the University
Porous Silicon of California, San Diego, have converted these films into micron-sized
Photonic particles (so-called “Smart Dust”, described in: Link and Sailor, Smart
Crystals Dust: Self-assembling, self-orienting photonic crystals of porous Si.;
SD2004-270 Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 2003, 100 (19): p.10607-10610).
Recently, University researchers have demonstrated magnetically
switchable micron-sized photonic crystals that can be induced to flip be-
tween a colored photonic crystal face and a black, non-reflective surface
in an oscillating magnetic field, at rates exceeding 175 Hz. This property
makes this an excellent material for use in display applications.
In addition, magnetic Smart Dust has now been constructed with am-
phiphilic properties. This allows the micron-size crystals to self-align
at the interface between immiscible liquids and effectively encapsulate
suspended droplets. The addition of the magnetic property means that
the particles can be used to manipulate microliter-scale droplets or cells
by the application of an electromagnetic field, without the addition of
ions or other impurities to the bulk liquid. Possible application areas
include MEMS devices, microfluidic mixing, targeted drug/enzyme de-
livery, biological screening, and microfluidic tagging.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
Method for Monitoring SUMMARY: UCSD researchers have discovered a method, using porous
Mammalian and silicon photonic crystals, to monitor the presence of chemical or biological
Bacterial Cells by Light agents, and even living or dead cells, by looking at light scattering from
Scattering from a the crystals when in contact with these materials. The method uses
simple and inexpensive light sources and detectors, and does not require
Porous Photonic
time-consuming sample preparation methods nor the use of stains or
Crystal fluorophores.
SD2005-038
and POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: This technology has
Light Scattering from several uses. Because the intensity and spectrum of scattered light
Microdomains in Po- changes when the crystals come into contact with chemicals, cells or
rous Siliconphotonic other materials, it can be used for diagnostics, viability assays, high- or
Crystals low-throughput drug screening, chemical detection, identification of cell
SD2005-044 type, monitoring of chemical or biological agents in water or air, drug
delivery, and other applications.
Porous Photonic PROBLEM: The treatment of eye diseases such as Age-related Macular
Crystals for Intraocular Degeneration, Diabetic Retinopathy, Uveitis and others, has been very
Drug Delivery problematic. The largest barrier to effective treatment is the difficulty of
SD2005-088 delivering the appropriate concentration of drug to the correct location
in the eye for a sufficient length of time. Various solutions have been
attempted, including repeated intraocular injections of drug, or surgical
implantation of drug-permeated material. However, these methods are
impractical and present a significant risk to the patient: multiple injections
are required, each carrying a finite risk of infection, and surgical procedures
are cumbersome and not always effective.
SOLUTION PROVIDED BY TECHNOLOGY: This invention presents two
major advantages over existing ocular drug delivery technologies: (1)
The nanoporous silicon, or a biopolymeric cast of it, can be tailor-made for
each type of drug, to control the kinetics of sustained drug release such
that the drug can be delivered in the eye with the optimal spatio-temporal
profile, and over a long period of time. Further, several drugs can be
delivered simultaneously, each with its own release parameters. (2) This
customized nanomaterial has optical properties that allow one to monitor
drug levels in the implant without invasive procedures to the eye. The
optical properties of this material change in a reproducible fashion as the
concentration of drug decreases within the implant, so that one can view
the implant through the iris to determine the amount of drug remaining.
These properties make this an ideal material for drug delivery and non-
invasive reporting of drug levels.
BENEFITS: The use of this nano-material minimizes the number of
injections required, reducing cost, scarring and the likelihood of infection,
and ensures that the patient receives an effective dose throughout the
treatment period.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
Porous Photonic FEATURES: Pore size, spacing and layering can be controlled, and the
Crystals for surface chemistry of the nanoporous silicon or its biopolymeric equivalent
Intraocular Drug can be modified to accommodate almost any type of compound. Further,
the optical properties of the material can be customized such that each
Delivery
drug can have its own optical signature, thus allowing one to monitor
SD2005-088 several drugs simultaneously.
continued Porous silicon is biocompatible and bioresorbable, and has tunable
pore volumes and a high surface area, so that its drug loading capac-
ity is high.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS: Nanoporous silicon has been implanted into
the eye and its spectrum visualized through the iris for 4 months or
longer, with no obvious toxicity. Nanomaterial has been customized to release
dexamethasone into solution. See references for other details.
This invention is available for licensing, sponsored research (see
the TransMed Program link: http://invent.ucsd.edu/TransMed/), or
both.
RELEVANT PAPERS and LINKS: “Polymer Replicas of Photonic
Porous Silicon for Sensing and Drug Delivery Applications (2003),
Science v. 299, 2045-2047 and “Engineering the Chemistry and
Nanostructure of Porous Silicon Fabry-Perot Films for Loading and
Release of a Steroid” (2004), Langmuir, v. 20(25), 11264-11269.
http://chem-faculty.ucsd.edu/sailor/research/
Method to Fabricate SUMMARY: UCSD researchers have developed an extensive platform
Composite of technologies based on porous silicon and/or polymeric nano-particles
Photonic Crystals (“Smart Dust”). This platform encompasses multiple uses of nano-scale
of Porous Silicon particles of porous silicon photonic crystals, and takes advantage of the
optical properties and other physical characteristics of this material.
and Polymers, with
Until now, the simplest methods of making nano-particles of porous
Highly Regular silicon have resulted in irregular particle shapes and sizes, and the more
Particle Dimensions complicated fabrication methods, while rendering particles of more
SD2005-090 consistent quality, were more cumbersome to use for making large
quantities of material. The UCSD researchers have now discovered
a method to make composite photonic crystals of porous silicon and
polymer, on a micron scale, and with a high degree of particle size
regularity. This method is simple and inexpensive, and does not require
the use of a pre-patterned “master” to determine particle shape or size.
The resultant crystals have greatly improved mechanical and chemical
stability and are of a more uniform geometry than could be obtained
previously.
POTENTIAL COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: Porous silicon composites
are useful in a number of biological and chemical applications, including
chemical and biological sensing, high- and low-throughput screening,
drug delivery and diagnostics.
This technology is available for licensing, sponsored research or
both. More detailed information can be obtained under a Confidentiality
Agreement.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
Chemical Sensing PROBLEM: Most optical transducers for label-free biosensing involve
by Rifts-reflective measurement of a change in the refractive index of a material induced
Interferometric Fourier- upon analyte binding. While surface plasmon resonance (SPR)
transform Spectyroscopy: films, resonant and nonresonant diffraction gratings, Reflectometric
Interference (RIFS) layers and Fabry-Perot interferometers show very
A Robust, Self-
sensitive responses to small changes in refractive index, these methods
compensating Method for are all limited by zero-point-drift arising from changes in temperature,
Label-free Detection of matrix composition, or nonspecific binding to the analytical surface.
Biomolecules
SD2005-179 A double-beam (Michelson-type) interferometer, in which one optical
path acts as a reference channel, provides an excellent means of
compensating for such effects. Various implementations of double-
beam correction have been employed in microscale biosensor systems,
generally involving two spatially distinct regions of a chip. However,
because the sample and reference channels are separated in the X-Y
plane, such designs pose significant alignment and manufacturability
challenges, especially upon incorporation into high-throughput arrays.
SOLUTION PROVIDED BY TECHNOLOGY: This invention utilizes a
novel self-compensating interferometric biosensor comprised of two
layers of porous SiO2, stacked one on top of the other. The reflectivity
spectrum displays a complex interference pattern that arises from
a combination of Fabry-Pérot interference from these layers. A ratio
of the peak intensities in the fast Fourier transform (FFT) allows
discrimination of target analyte from matrix effects arising from non-
specific compositional changes in the analyte solution.
BENEFITS AND FEATURES: The approach is very general. For
example, the methodology should also work with other label-free
transduction modalities in materials other than porous SiO2 or porous
Si that utilize refractive index changes, such as surface plasmon
resonance or microcavity resonance. The built-in reference channel and
Fourier method of analysis provides a general means to compensate
for changes in sample matrix, non-specific binding, temperature, and
other experimental variables.
MARKET APPLICATIONS: Label-free biosensing, high-throughput
molecular sensing, array-based sensing, drug lead discovery, diagnostics,
and characterization of kinetic and thermodynamic binding constants in
biomolecular binding assays.
DEVELOPMENT STATUS: The concept has been demonstrated with
a Protein A capture probe and Human Immunoglobulin G as the target
analyte. The system response is shown to be insensitive to the addition
of 4000-fold excess sucrose or 80-fold excess bovine serum albumin.
A patent application is pending.
Relevant Papers and Links are listed on the web site.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
The Carbon DESCRIPTION: Researchers at the University of California San Diego
Nanotube recently unveiled a novel new “Y” shaped carbon nanotube designed
Transistor to operate in a similar fashion as a MOS transistor, but at 1/10 th the
SD2006-037 size.
In a paper published in the September issue of ‘Nature Materials’, UCSD
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering professor Prabhakar Bandaru and
Clemson physicist Apparao M. Rao reported that Y-shaped nanotubes
behave as electronic switches similar to conventional MOS (metal oxide
semiconductor) transistors, the workhorses of modern microprocessors,
digital memory, and application-specific integrated circuits.
The interesting promise of such a novel new device is that it comes at
a time when reductions in traditional semiconductor feature sizes are
reaching their limits. With noise, leakage and heat issues, traditional
silicon processes may not be able to sustain Moore ‘s Law much longer.
However, with a nanotube based circuit element, an order of magnitude
reduction in feature size may be possible.
Bandaru and Rao started by growing ordinary carbon nanotubes through
chemical vapour deposition. But they added iron-titanium particles to
spur the growth of an extra nanotube branch attached to the main stem.
The overall structure assumed a Y-shape and the catalyst particles were
absorbed into the tubes at the branching point.
Experiments then showed that applying a voltage to the stem of the Y
precisely controls the flow of electrons through the other two branches.
The switching capacity of these nanostructures is comparable to that of
today’s silicon transistors.
While it is acknowledge that a paradigm shift of this magnitude will re-
quire the cooperation and buy-in of the entire semiconductor industry,
the significant advance in feature size reduction can not be ignored.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
SMART DUST (continued)
Optical PROBLEM: There is a continual need for low cost, small sized, fast respond-
ing sensors for toxic industrial chemicals, volatile organic compounds (VOCs),
Fiber-mounted
and chemical warfare agents. In addition, there is a growing need for sensors
porous silicon that can monitor the residual adsorption capacity of activated carbon filtration
photonic crystal cartridges in gas masks and personal protective equipment. In the U.S., govern-
for remote sensing ment health and safety regulations require the detection of contaminants prior
of environmental to depletion of the carbon bed’s adsorption capacity. However these regulations
toxins and volatile have not been yet enacted due to a lack of suitable sensing devices.
organic compounds
SD2007-299 SOLUTION/TECHNOLOGY DESCRIPTION: This technology is a method for
remote sensing of environmental toxins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
The novel device developed by UCSD could be utilized for environmental sens-
ing and as end-of-service-life indicator in personal respirators and protection
devices.
By coupling previous porous silicon crystal technology with optical fibers, UCSD
researchers have created a small, pinpoint fiber optic sensor platform that de-
tects organic vapors through a filter bed of activated carbon. The sensor system,
formed by silicon photonic crystals mounted to the tip of optical fibers, is unique
in monitoring the wavelength, as opposed to the intensity of transmitted light.
The device is therefore less susceptible to conditions affecting the intensity of
transmitted light, such as interference from optical loss, changes in the radius
of curvature of the fiber, and mechanical vibration.
In addition, the porous silicon surface can be easily chemically modified, allow-
ing the opportunity to influence the response of the sensor towards particular
classes of VOCs.
BENEFITS:
* Sensing of environmental chemical toxins
* Opportunity for tailorable surface chemistry and VOC class preference
FEATURES:
* Small fiber optic-based sensor that operates by detecting organic vapors
through a filter bed of activated carbon
* Sensitive to low concentrations of VOCs
* Detection of VOCs breakthrough of activated carbon filtration beds used in
respiratory masks
* The novel optical fiber-mounted porous silicon photonic crystal senses by
monitoring the wavelength, as opposed to the intensity of reflected light
* In addition to producing a reflectivity spectrum, the porous silicon layer
provides a microstructure for concentrating analytes
MARKET POTENTIAL/APPLICATIONS:
* Environmental sensing, including remote sensing of VOCs, toxic industrial
chemicals and chemical warfare agents
* Measurement of humidity, vapor phase chemicals, aqueous chemicals and
biomolecules
* End-of-service-life, or residual service life indicators in personal respirators
and collective protection devices
DEVELOPMENT STATUS: This technology is offered exclusively or nonexclu-
sively in the US and/or worldwide territories. A commercial sponsor for potential
future research is sought.
Relevant Papers and Links are listed on the web site.
http://chem-faculty.ucsd.edu/sailor/
http://www-chem.ucsd.edu/research/profile.cfm?cid=C01467
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
CLEAN TECHNOLOGY
Self-Cleaning, SUMMARY: Clean tech is an emerging sector of innovation, and deals with
Superhydrophobic products and processes that harness renewable energy sources, reduce the
Coatings with depletion of natural resources including water supply, and minimize pollution and
Improved waste. There are two different technical approaches for self-cleaning coatings
Properties, - hydrophobic vs. hydrophilic. These two types of coating both clean themselves
through the action of water. The underlying mechanism in the case of hydrophobic
Methods for
surface is the rolling droplets taking away the dirt and dust while the sheeting
Fabrication, and water carries away dirt is the mechanism for the hydrophilic surface. For hydro-
Applications phobic surfaces, one measure of their effectiveness is the contact angle of the
Thereof water on the surface, which measures the amount of surface tension induced by
SD2009-035 the coating on the water. This invention is a self-cleaning coating that greatly
reduces the need for water as a transport medium by establishing a coating with
an extremely higher contact angle ~178-179 degrees.
New Energy Saving SUMMARY: UCSD researchers have developed a novel, energy saving light emit-
Vacuum Light ting device that can potentially replace the incandescent light bulb and compact
Emitting Devices fluorescent light bulb (CFL). This new light bulb consists of a high efficiency
SD2009-075 field emission cathode and fluorescent semiconductor nanostructure anodes
and promises higher energy efficiency (consuming only 1/10 of the power used
by the incandescent light bulb and 1/2 of that by CFL). The light emitting de-
vice operates at much low temperatures than the incandescent light bulb, can
be produced utilizing existing vacuum tube manufacturing facilities, and holds
great potential for socket replacement of the incandescent light bulb (hundred
billion dollar market). It also has advantages relative to CFL light bulbs in that it
has richer color (RGBW), is dimmable, scalable and mercury free, and does not
need ballast, etc. This invention holds great business opportunities with perfect
market entrance timing due to the pending worldwide ban of incandescent light
bulb sales and environmental regulation towards mercury reduction.
TechnologyTransfer Office Nanotechnology - 2009
To encourage timely commercialization of the universitys intellectual capital, Technology Transfer Of-
fice files patent applications, registers trademarks, negotiates licenses, and markets proprietary ac-
cess to entrepreneurial companies. As part of its economic development mission, technology transfer
generates new jobs, promotes entrepreneurial start-ups, and promotes cutting-edge industries.
UC San Diego Technology Transfer Office manages and markets all new intellectual property devel-
oped on campus and owned by the university.
Jane Moores, PhD Assistant Vice Chancellor, Technology Transfer
858-822-3144
jmoores@ucsd.edu
William J. Decker, PhD Associate Director
858-822-5128
wjdecker@ucsd.edu
Life and Biomedical Sciences
Donna Shaw, PhD, CLP Assistant Director, Life Science Licensing
858-534-6086
donnashaw@ucsd.edu
Denise Lew, PhD Senior Licensing Officer
858-822-5279
dlew@ucsd.edu
April Kilburn, PhD Senior Licensing Officer
858-822-1858
akilburn@ucsd.edu
Grai L. Andreason, PhD, MBA Senior Licensing Officer
858-822-5138
gandreason@ucsd.edu
Dominic Montisano, PhD Senior Licensing Officer
858-822-3833
dfmontisano@ucsd.edu
Rose Murphy, MBA Senior Licensing Officer
858-534-7125
rmmurphy@ucsd.edu
Engineering and Physical Sciences
David Gibbons, PE, MBA Assistant Director. Physical Science Licensing
858-534-0175
dgibbons@ucsd.edu
Victoria B. Cajipe, PhD Senior Licensing Officer
858-822-2304
vbcajipe@ucsd.edu
Wendy S. Shih, PhD Licensing Officer
858-822-2595
wendyshih@ucsd.edu
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