View and Print this Publication - Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1997.

North Central Research Station Forest Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 Manuscript approved for publication September 20, 1999 1999 CONTENTS Page Lake States .................................................................................................... 2 Production ................................................................................................. 2 Receipts .................................................................................................... 12 Industry Trends and Analysis .................................................................... 13 Central States ............................................................................................... 16 Production ................................................................................................ 16 Receipts .................................................................................................... 19 Industry Trends and Analysis .................................................................... 19 Plains States ................................................................................................. 19 Production and Receipts ............................................................................ 19 Appendix ....................................................................................................... 20 Pulpwood Production in the North-Central Region, 1997 Ronald J. Piva NOTE: This report includes all primary products made from reconstituted wood fiber. In addition to wood pulp, this includes particleboard and engineered lumber products made from chips, shavings, wafers, flakes, strands, and sawdust. This report presents the production by county of the raw fiber material delivered to mills. Thus, these data report only that portion of the timber harvest used as raw material and do not necessarily reflect the volume of growing stock harvested. Pulpwood constitutes more than half the industrial timber products harvested annually in the Lake States (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) and is an important product in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) and the Plains States (Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Current detailed information about pulpwood production1 is necessary for intelligent planning and decisionmaking in wood procurement, forest resource management, forest industry development, and scientific studies. Since 1979, we have included logs, bolts, and wood residue used in manufacturing flakeboard, waferboard, oriented strand board, and medium density fiberboard in this annual report. Engineered lumber was included in this report in 1992. Together, these products are called particleboards, and all mills manufacturing these boards will be called particleboard mills in this paper. Wood used at particleboard mills is identical or nearly identical to wood used at pulp mills; therefore, including this wood in our study provides a more accurate estimate of demand for pulpwood-like material. Particleboard mills were in their infancy before 1979 and used primarily aspen and wood residue. Therefore, data for these mills do not distort roundwood use trends for other species or preclude comparing 1997 survey results with those of 1978 and previous years. Pulp and particleboard mills using North Central States timber in 1997 reported their pulpwood receipts2 by species group and county of origin. This report presents the results of the survey, analyzes the data, compares results with those of 1996 or earlier years, and discusses trends in pulpwood production and use. The Lake States, Central States, and Plains States are discussed separately because the timber types in each area are different, the flow of wood between the areas is nominal, and more detailed data on pulpwood production and receipts in the Central and Plains States might reveal the operations of individual mills. This is the 39th annual report of the pulpwood harvest in Lake States counties, the 38th annual report of the Central States harvest, and the 5th report of the pulpwood harvest in the Plains States. Several mills purchase their pulpwood based on weight rather than volume. Conversion factors to convert green tons of pulpwood to standard cord equivalents are shown in the Appendix. Pulpwood production, determined from mill receipts, is the annual volume of pulpwood cut, plus the annual wood residue volume produced by sawmills, veneer mills, etc. used for pulp, particleboard, waferboard, oriented strand board, medium density fiberboard, or engineered lumber. 2 Pulpwood receipts are the volumes of wood received by mills in a specific State or region, regardless of the geographic source. 1 Ronald J. Piva, Forester, received a B.S. degree in forest management from the University of Missouri-Columbia. He joined the Forest Service in 1987, and has been working with the North Central Station’s Forest Inventory and Analysis unit since. LAKE STATES PRODUCTION • In 1997, pulpwood production as a whole remained at the 1996 level of 9.5 million cords3. Of each cord produced, 92 percent came from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) and 8 percent came from the residue4 of wood-using plants (fig. 1). • Hardwoods constituted 78 percent of the total pulpwood production. • Principal species of roundwood harvested in 1997 were aspen (4.1 million cords), jack pine (695 thousand cords), hard maple (768 thousand cords), soft maple (591 thousand cords), and white birch (506 thousand cords). • Aspen remained the dominant species of pulpwood roundwood harvested—47 percent of the total. • Softwood roundwood production decreased by 117 thousand cords, or 6 percent in 1997. Pulpwood production from softwood residue fell 54 thousand cords, a 24-percent decrease from the previous year (fig. 2). • Whole-tree chip5 (WTC) production, which makes up 8 percent of the total pulpwood production in the Lake States, increased by 12 percent to 728 thousand cords in 1997. Hardwood WTC production increased by 13 percent and softwood WTC production increased by 5 percent (fig. 3). Ot her So f tw oods 1% Residues 8% Spruce-Fir 6% Pine 13% Aspen 43% Other Ha rd woods 9% Birch 6% Maple 1 4% Figure 1.—Lake States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1997. 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1996 1997 SPECIES Figure 2.—Softwood pulpwood production in the Lake States, 1996-1997. 3 All references to cords are in standard cords. A standard cord is 128 cubic feet of wood, bark, and air space. 4 Residue is the byproduct from sawmills, veneer mills, cooperage mills, and other wood-using mills that is used for pulping and particleboard. Residue includes slabs, edgings, veneer cores, sawdust, fines, woodflour, and chips manufactured from slabs, edgings, and veneer cores. 5 Pulpwood produced from chipping entire trees (all portions of the trees above ground, except the stumps). 2 Table 1.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 1997 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Production by State 2 Product form, species group, and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Roundwood N. white-cedar Michigan 6,170 -462 Total 6,170 -462 Balsam fir Canada 5,206 --Michigan 37,570 -2,772 Minnesota 1,042 190,063 7,151 Wisconsin 8,072 4,778 67,631 Total 51,889 194,841 77,555 Hemlock Michigan 67,734 -8,771 Wisconsin 2,899 -17,140 Total 70,633 -25,911 Jack pine Michigan 212,668 -9,817 Minnesota -44,906 2,221 Wisconsin 59,943 40,722 324,873 Total 272,611 85,628 336,911 Red pine Michigan 95,247 -6,467 Minnesota -27,802 853 Wisconsin 15,812 11,265 317,538 Total 111,059 39,067 324,858 White pine Michigan 7,177 -482 Minnesota -1,207 -Wisconsin 1,592 293 46,727 Total 8,769 1,500 47,209 Spruce Canada 7,588 --Michigan 13,965 -1,157 Minnesota -111,681 1,426 Wisconsin 24,755 56,790 41,700 Total 46,308 168,472 44,284 Tamarack Michigan 3,968 -309 Minnesota -1,880 -Wisconsin 1,454 19,257 7,803 Total 5,422 21,137 8,112 Total softwood roundwood Canada 12,794 --Michigan 444,498 -30,238 Minnesota 1,042 377,539 11,651 Wisconsin 114,528 133,105 823,412 Total 572,862 510,644 865,301 Residues Softwood Canada 4,960 19,137 960 Michigan 20,498 -9,619 Minnesota -18,656 1,619 Wisconsin 13,176 -83,507 Total 38,634 37,792 95,705 Total all softwood material Canada 17,754 19,137 960 Michigan 464,996 -39,857 Minnesota 1,042 396,195 13,270 Wisconsin 127,704 133,105 906,919 Total 611,496 548,437 961,006 1 Regional total Central States Imports Plains Other U.S. 3 States Canada Total imports Total receipts 6,632 6,632 5,206 40,342 198,255 80,481 324,285 76,505 20,039 96,543 222,485 47,127 425,539 695,150 101,714 28,655 344,615 474,984 7,659 1,207 48,612 57,478 7,588 15,122 113,108 123,246 259,064 4,278 1,880 28,513 34,671 12,794 474,736 390,232 1,071,045 1,948,807 ------------24 24 --914 914 --88 88 ------------1,025 1,025 ------------------------------------- ------------------------------------- 23 23 -140 72 -212 183 -183 548 -1,057 1,606 589 --589 24 --24 -51 703 2,494 3,248 15 --15 -1,575 775 3,551 5,901 23 23 -140 72 -212 183 -183 548 -1,081 1,630 589 -914 1,502 24 -88 112 -51 703 2,494 3,248 15 --15 -1,575 775 4,576 6,926 6,655 6,655 -40,482 198,327 80,481 319,290 76,688 20,039 96,727 223,033 47,127 426,620 696,780 102,303 28,655 345,529 476,487 7,683 1,207 48,699 57,590 -15,173 113,811 125,740 254,724 4,293 1,880 28,513 34,687 -476,311 391,007 1,075,621 1,942,939 25,057 30,117 20,275 96,683 172,132 37,851 504,853 410,507 1,167,728 2,120,939 ---88 88 ---1,113 1,113 ---50,685 50,685 ---50,685 50,685 ---39,579 39,579 ---39,579 39,579 -541 333 14,781 15,655 -541 333 105,133 106,007 -30,659 20,607 201,816 253,082 ---2,116 2,116 506,970 1,108 1,108 411,614 18,332 109,709 1,277,437 21,556 112,933 2,196,021 (Table 1 continued on next page) (Table 1 continued) Product form, species group, and destination Roundwood Ash Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Aspen Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Balsam poplar Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Basswood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Beech Michigan Wisconsin Total White birch Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Yellow birch Michigan Wisconsin Total Cottonwood Wisconsin Total Elm Wisconsin Total Hickory Wisconsin Total Hard maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Soft maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Red oak Michigan Wisconsin Total White oak Michigan Wisconsin Total Other hardwoods Michigan Wisconsin Total Production by State 2 Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Regional total Central States Imports Plains Other U.S. 3 States Canada Total imports Total receipts 35,601 -2,906 38,507 988,370 -52,883 1,041,253 40,287 -12 40,300 64,585 -1,257 65,842 44,869 8 44,877 138,763 -6,805 145,568 33,917 461 34,378 13 13 420 420 81 81 523,487 -6,753 530,240 405,386 -4,433 409,819 72,787 2,706 75,493 71,288 640 71,928 26,970 240 27,210 -1,026 2,364 3,390 -2,019,832 88,384 2,108,216 -111,004 1,141 112,145 -1,984 380 2,364 ----79,725 43,025 122,750 ---1 1 37 37 34 34 -3,253 4,901 8,154 -4,260 2,373 6,634 -899 899 -65 65 -89 89 2,049 -75,447 77,496 44,960 22,820 912,432 980,212 5,292 111 1,064 6,468 5,144 -50,551 55,694 4,759 1,048 5,807 30,781 3,459 203,202 237,442 3,163 16,175 19,338 1,465 1,465 35,163 35,163 1,080 1,080 51,765 998 177,174 229,937 28,853 1,126 144,913 174,892 946 87,274 88,219 -25,667 25,667 3,058 3,689 6,747 37,650 1,026 80,717 119,393 1,033,330 2,042,651 1,053,700 4,129,681 45,579 111,115 2,217 158,912 69,728 1,984 52,188 123,900 49,628 1,056 50,684 169,544 83,184 253,032 505,760 37,081 16,636 53,716 1,479 1,479 35,621 35,621 1,195 1,195 575,252 4,251 188,829 768,332 434,239 5,386 151,720 591,345 73,732 90,879 164,611 71,288 26,371 97,660 30,028 4,019 34,046 --84 84 ----------42 42 -----137 137 -----6 6 6 6 --129 129 --66 66 -140 140 -6 6 -15 15 -----2,241 -2,241 -45 -45 -------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------- 28 --28 32,614 75,860 6,757 115,230 1,163 17,186 -18,349 245 --245 70 -70 852 4 3,488 4,344 54 -54 ------1,345 --1,345 525 --525 13 -13 ---- 28 -84 112 32,614 78,101 6,757 117,471 1,163 17,231 -18,394 245 -42 287 70 -70 852 4 3,624 4,481 54 -54 --6 6 6 6 1,345 -129 1,473 525 -66 591 13 140 153 -6 6 37,678 1,026 80,801 119,505 1,065,944 2,120,752 1,060,456 4,247,152 46,743 128,346 2,217 177,306 69,973 1,984 52,230 124,187 49,698 1,056 50,754 170,396 83,189 256,657 510,241 37,135 16,636 53,771 1,479 1,479 35,627 35,627 1,201 1,201 576,597 4,251 188,957 769,805 434,764 5,386 151,786 591,936 73,746 91,019 164,764 71,288 26,377 97,666 52 52 30,080 -15 4,034 52 68 34,114 (Table 1 continued on next page) (Table 1 continued) Production by State 2 Imports Product form, species group, Regional Central Plains Other U.S. 3 and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin total States States Total hardwood roundwood Michigan 2,446,311 -180,770 2,627,080 ---Minnesota -2,221,084 28,514 2,249,598 -2,286 -Wisconsin 79,619 143,694 1,736,345 1,959,658 631 --Total 2,525,930 2,364,778 1,945,628 6,836,336 631 2,286 -Residues Hardwood Canada -19,427 -19,427 ---Michigan 192,693 -13,319 206,012 15,529 --Minnesota -36,380 3,089 39,469 ---Other 4 --1,492 1,492 ---Wisconsin 15,890 10,576 269,565 296,031 2,661 --Total 208,583 66,383 287,464 562,431 18,190 --Total all hardwood material Canada -19,427 -19,427 ---Michigan 2,639,004 -194,088 2,833,092 15,529 --Minnesota -2,257,464 31,603 2,289,067 -2,286 -Other 4 --1,492 1,492 ---Wisconsin 95,509 154,270 2,005,910 2,255,689 3,292 --Total 2,734,513 2,431,161 2,233,093 7,398,767 18,821 2,286 -Total all roundwood Canada 12,794 --12,794 ---Michigan 2,890,809 -211,008 3,101,816 ---Minnesota 1,042 2,598,623 40,165 2,639,830 -2,286 -Wisconsin 194,147 276,799 2,559,757 3,030,703 1,656 --Total 3,098,792 2,875,422 2,810,929 8,785,143 1,656 2,286 -Total all residues Canada 4,960 38,564 960 44,484 ---Michigan 213,191 -22,938 236,129 15,529 --Minnesota -55,036 4,708 59,744 ---Other 4 --1,492 1,492 ---Wisconsin 29,066 10,576 353,072 392,714 2,749 50,685 39,579 Total 247,217 104,176 383,170 734,563 18,278 50,685 39,579 Total all wood material Canada 17,754 38,564 960 57,278 ---Michigan 3,104,000 -233,946 3,337,945 15,529 --Minnesota 1,042 2,653,659 44,873 2,699,574 -2,286 -Other 4 --1,492 1,492 ---Wisconsin 223,214 287,375 2,912,828 3,423,417 4,405 50,685 39,579 Total 3,346,009 2,979,598 3,194,099 9,519,706 19,934 52,971 39,579 1 Table may not add due to rounding. 2 Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. 3 Mostly Western States. 4 Pulpwood shipped to mills outside of region. Canada 36,962 93,050 10,244 140,256 Total imports 36,962 95,336 10,876 143,173 Total receipts 2,664,042 2,344,933 1,970,534 6,979,509 -1,987 7,813 --9,800 -38,949 100,862 -10,244 150,056 -38,537 93,825 13,795 146,157 -2,529 8,146 -14,781 25,456 -41,065 101,970 -28,577 171,612 -17,516 7,813 -2,661 27,990 -54,478 103,149 -13,536 171,163 -38,537 96,111 15,452 150,099 -18,058 8,146 -107,794 133,997 -56,594 104,256 -123,246 284,096 -223,528 47,282 -298,692 569,501 -2,887,570 2,392,215 -2,269,225 7,549,010 -3,140,353 2,735,940 3,046,155 8,922,448 -254,187 67,889 -500,508 822,584 -3,394,539 2,803,830 -3,546,663 9,745,032 800 500 IN THOUSAND CORDS 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 1993 1994 1995 YEAR 1996 1997 Aspen Maple Soft wood Ot her Hardwood IN THOUSAND CORDS 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Michigan Sof tw o od s Othe r Har d w oo ds Maple Asp en Figure 3.—Whole-tree chip production in the Lake States, 1993-1997. Minneso ta Wisc onsin STA TE Figure 4.—Whole-tree chip production by State in the Lake States, 1997. • Michigan was the major producer of WTC in the Lake States in 1997 with 467 thousand cords (64 percent of the WTC production) (fig. 4). 4 ,0 00 IN THOUSAND CORDS • Aspen was the predominant species used in WTC in 1997 with 312 thousand cords or 43 percent of the total WTC production. Jack pine was the predominant softwood species used in WTC in 1997, making up 92 percent of the softwood WTC production and 13 percent of the total WTC production. 3 ,5 00 3 ,0 00 2 ,5 00 2 ,0 00 1 ,5 00 M a pl e R es i du e s O th e r s o ft w o od s P in e O th e r h ar d w oo d s • 1 ,0 00 500 0 1 99 3 1994 1995 199 6 1997 A s pe n YEAR Michigan • Michigan pulpwood production rose to 3.3 million cords in 1997, an 8-percent increase over 1996 (fig. 5). In 1997, hardwoods accounted for 82 percent of Michigan’s pulpwood production. Roundwood production for pulpwood in 1997 increased by 9 percent to 3.1 million cords (fig. 6). The Western Upper Peninsula was the top producing region in the State in 1997 with 38 percent of the roundwood harvested. Figure 5.—Michigan pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1993-1997. • 1 ,2 0 0 IN THOUSAND CORDS 1 ,0 0 0 80 0 60 0 40 0 20 0 0 E. Uppe r Peninsula W . Uppe r Peninsula N. Low e r Peninsula O t he r so f tw o od s Pine O t he r ha r dw o od M a ple Asp en • • S. Low er Peninsula FOREST SURVEY UNIT Figure 6.—Michigan roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species groups, 1997. 6 IN THOUSAND CORDS • Marquette County in the Western Upper Peninsula was the top producer of roundwood in the State with 291 thousand cords. Roundwood pulpwood production in 1997 increased by 43 percent in the Southern Lower Peninsula, increased by 37 percent in the Northern Lower Peninsula, decreased by 12 percent in the Western Upper Peninsula, and decreased by 8 percent in the Eastern Upper Peninsula. The production of pulpwood from residues decreased by 11 percent in 1997, falling from 810 thousand cords in 1996 to 735 thousand cords in 1997. 1 ,6 0 0 1 ,4 0 0 1 ,2 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 8 00 6 00 4 00 2 00 0 A sp en-Birch N o r ther n Pine Cen t r al H ar d wo od s P r airie O ther s of tw oo ds S p ruce-fir O ther h a rd wo od s Asp e n • FOREST SURVEY UNIT • Figure 8.—Minnesota roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 1997. • After falling for three straight years, aspen pulpwood production rose by 10 thousand cords in 1997. Aspen accounted for 73 percent of the roundwood harvested. Pulpwood production from hardwood residues decreased by 37 percent and softwood residue use decreased by 40 percent. Minnesota • Pulpwood production decreased by 3 percent to 3.0 million cords in 1997 (fig. 7). Hardwoods accounted for 82 percent of the total pulpwood produced in 1997. Ninety-seven percent of the pulpwood produced came from roundwood. The Northern Pine and the Aspen-Birch Units were the top pulpwood-producing roundwood areas in the State in 1997 with 1.5 million cords and 1.0 million cords, respectively (fig. 8). IN THOUSAND CORDS • • • Wisconsin • Pulpwood production in Wisconsin decreased by 3 percent in 1997 to 3.2 million cords (fig. 9). • 4 ,0 00 O t he r s of t w oo d s • St. Louis County, in the Aspen-Birch Unit, remained the top roundwood-producing county with 520 thousand cords, followed by Itasca County with 393 thousand cords. 3 ,5 00 3 ,0 00 2 ,5 00 2 ,0 00 1 ,5 00 1 ,0 00 500 0 R e si d ue s Pine O th er h ar d w o od s Map l e A sp e n 3 ,5 00 IN THOUSAND CORDS O th e r s o ft w o od s 3 ,0 00 2 ,5 00 2 ,0 00 1 ,5 00 1 ,0 00 500 0 1 99 3 1 99 3 1994 1 9 95 1 99 6 1997 R es i du e s S p ru c e- f ir YEAR O t he r h ar d w o od s Figure 9.—Wisconsin pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1993-1997. A s pe n • 199 6 1997 Hardwoods accounted for 70 percent of the total pulpwood production in 1997. Roundwood harvested for pulpwood accounted for 88 percent of the pulpwood produced in 1997. 7 1994 1995 YEAR • Figure 7.—Minnesota pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1993-1997. • The Northwest remained the top producer of roundwood for pulping in the State in 1997 with 1.1 million cords (fig. 10). Douglas County in the Northwest Unit remained the top pulpwood-producing county in the State with 185 thousand cords. Aspen harvests decreased by 12 percent to 980 thousand cords in 1997. The use of softwood residues for pulpwood increased by 28 percent while the use of hardwood residues decreased by just over a half percent. • of pulpwood cut relative to the growingstock volume in each of five major pulpwood species (fig. 11); and, second, the amount of pulpwood relative to commercial timberland area (fig. 12). 1 ,2 0 0 IN THOUSAND CORDS 1 ,0 0 0 800 600 400 200 0 N o rt hea st N o rt hw est Cent ra l • Ot h er so f two o d s Pine Ot h er ha rd wo o d s Ma pl e Asp e n • S out hw est S out hea st Harvesting Intensity • In this report, we show the distribution of the harvest in two ways: first, the amount FOREST SURVEY UNIT Figure 10.—Wisconsin roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 1997. NORTHERN PINE 10 ASPENBIRCH 14 WESTERN U.P. 52 NORTHWEST 66 NORTHEAST 76 NORTHERN L.P. 34 EASTERN U.P. 32 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 39 PRAIRIE 0 CENTRAL 71 SOUTHWEST 43 SOUTHEAST >100 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 8 JACK PINE Michigan (Figure 11 continued on next page) Figure 11.—Cords of roundwood pulpwood (including chips from roundwood) harvested per 1,000 cords of growing-stock volume for each of five principal pulpwood species by Forest Survey Unit, 1997. Growing-stock volume was determined during the last forest inventory for each State. 8 (Figure 11 continued) NORTHERN PINE 3 ASPENBIRCH 2 WESTERN U.P. 13 NORTHWEST 18 NORTHEAST 16 NORTHERN L.P. 2 EASTERN U.P. 15 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 33 PRAIRIE 0 CENTRAL 50 SOUTHWEST 49 SOUTHEAST 27 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 0 RED PINE Michigan NORTHERN PINE 13 ASPENBIRCH 13 WESTERN U.P. 5 NORTHWEST 9 NORTHEAST 8 NORTHERN L.P. 1 EASTERN U.P. 4 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 16 PRAIRIE 0 CENTRAL 15 SOUTHWEST 32 SOUTHEAST 20 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 0 SPRUCE Michigan (Figure 11 continued on next page) 9 (Figure 11 continued) NORTHERN PINE 19 ASPENBIRCH 13 WESTERN U.P. 6 NORTHWEST 13 NORTHEAST 13 NORTHERN L.P. 1 EASTERN U.P. 6 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 62 PRAIRIE 0 CENTRAL 4 SOUTHWEST 4 SOUTHEAST 6 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 0 BALSAM FIR Michigan NORTHERN PINE 47 ASPENBIRCH 33 WESTERN U.P. 33 NORTHWEST 34 NORTHEAST 36 NORTHERN L.P. 25 EASTERN U.P. 21 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 40 PRAIRIE 33 CENTRAL 32 SOUTHWEST 7 SOUTHEAST 7 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 13 ASPEN Michigan 10 LAKE STATES Ro se au K itts on Lake o f th e W oo d s K o o chichin g St. Lo u is Beltra mi Penn in g to n Red Lake Clear Itasca water Mah n o m en H u b b ar d Be cker H ou g h to n Aitk in O n ton a g o n Bar aga Mar qu ette Lu ce Alg er Scho o lcraft Wash s on Sawy er P rice Fo r est Po lk Ba r r on Meno m ine e Taylo r Lang lade Marin ette Ch arlevo ix St. Cr oix D unn Ch ip p ewa Men m in ee o Clark Maratho n O con to Sh awan o D oor Benz ie Kewaunee Wadena Marsh all Po lk Lake Co o k N or man Cass K eweena w Clay Otter Tail Car lto n D o u g las To d d Mille G rant bur n Bu r ne tt O ne ida Flor ence Ch e b o y g an Em m et Linc oln Stevens Po p e Sh erbu r n e A noka Ram. Cr ow Win g Bayf ield G og e bic I r on Vilas D ickin Delta Mack ina c Wilkin Pine A s hland I r on Ch ipp e wa Tr aver se Is anti Ru k s Chisago Stea r ns Bento n Kanabec D ou g las Mo r r iso n Lacs Big Sto n e Sw ift Meeke r W rig h t Pr esqu e Isle Mon tA n trim O tsego Lee lan au Grand Tr averse Manistee Wexf o rd Miss auk ee Mas o n Lake O sceo la Clare Ro sc o mmo n Gladw in A rena c H ur o n O g emaw I o sco K alk as k a Crawf or d Oscod a A lcon a m or ency A lp ena Lac Qu i Par le Mcleod Renv ille Pierce Ea u Claire Pepin Po rtage W oo d J acks o n W aus ha ra Mo n r oe Win o n a La Martin Fr eebo r n J un e au D u La c D odge Sauk Richland H enn e p in Car ver Sc o tt Wa u paca O u tag a mie Br ow n Calu m et Sh ebo y g a n Manitowoc Yello w Medicin e D ako ta G oodhue Bu f falo W abas ha D odge Olm sted Mar q u ette La k e G reen Fo n d H ou s ton Cr os se Ver no n Co lum b ia A d ams b ago W inn e Ly o n Redw o o d Nicollet Su eur W aseca Steele Br o w n Mur ray Co tto n w ood Wato n wan Earth Farib ault Mo wer Fillm ore N ob les Ja cks on Blu e Le Rice Trempealeau Lin coln Sib ley Pip es ton e Ro k c Washington Ch ipp ewa Kandiyohi Oceana N ewayg o O zauk e e Mu s kego n Ken t Mo n tcalm Wash ington I sabella Mid lan d Mecosta Bay Tu s cola G ratiot Sagin aw Lapeer Sa n ilac M innesota Cr awf or d D ane I ow a G ra n t Je fferson Wauk e s ha Milwau k ee Ottawa Ro ck I o n ia Clin to n Sh iaw assee G enes ee St. Clair 0 cords per 1,000 acres of timberland. Lafay ette G reen W alw or th Rac ine Allegan K eno s ha Barry Eato n I ng h a m Livin g sto n J acks o n Van Bu r en Kalamaz o o Calh o u n Oak lan d Mac o m b 1-99 cords per 1,000 acres of t imberland. Wisconsin Wash tena w W ayn e 100-19 c ords per 1,000 acres of t imberland. 9 200-29 c ords per 1,000 acres of t imberland. 9 300 cords or more pe r 1,000 acres of timberla nd. P ulp mill P artic leboa rd, O SB, waferboa rd, or engine ered lumber mill Ber rien Cass St. J o seph Br anch H ills dale Le n awee Mon r o e Michigan Figure 12.—Cords of pulpwood cut per 1,000 acres of timberland in principal pulpwood-producing counties, 1997. Acres of timberland (stocking of trees greater than 16.7 percent) were determined during the last inventory in each State. Locations of active pulp and particleboard mills are shown. 11 Pulpwood harvesting was most intensive in the following areas by species: (100,000 cords or more) Species Jack pine State Michigan Wisconsin Wisconsin Minnesota Minnesota Michigan Survey Unit N. Lower Peninsula Northwest, Central Central Aspen-Birch Aspen-Birch N. Lower Peninsula, W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Northern Pine, Aspen-Birch, Central Hardwood Northwest, Northeast, Central Northwest W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula, N. Lower Peninsula Northeast W. Upper Peninsula, N. Lower Peninsula RECEIPTS • In 1997, 35 woodpulp and 14 particleboard mills in the Lake States acquired 9.7 million cords of pulpwood, less than 10 thousand cords lower than 1996 total receipts (fig. 13). In 1997, Wisconsin supplied wood to 33 mills, Michigan supplied 31 mills, and Minnesota supplied 27 mills. Total imports of roundwood decreased by 30 percent, with Canada supplying 98 percent of the total import volume. Hardwood residue imported into the Lake States increased by 91 percent in 1997 to 28 thousand cords. Softwood residue imported into the region remained at 106 thousand cords. The Plains and Western States supplied 68 percent of the total residues imported into the Lake States in 1997. The remainder of the residues came from Canada (19 percent) and the Central States (13 percent). Total imports of all wood material decreased to 284 thousand cords, a 15percent decrease from 1996. Canada contributed 60 percent of the total import receipts. • Red pine Spruce Balsam fir Aspen • • Minnesota Wisconsin White birch Wisconsin Hard maple Michigan • Wisconsin Soft maple Michigan 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Sprucefir Pine Aspen Other softwoods Birch Maple Balsam poplar Ash Oak Other hardwoods HardSoftwood wood residue residue 1996 1997 SPECIES GROUP Figure 13.—Numbers of industrial plants in the Lake States using a particular species or residue for pulping and particleboard, 1996-1997. 12 Michigan IN THOUSAND CORDS 8 ,0 0 0 7 ,0 0 0 Re si d ue s O t he r s of t w oo ds • Twelve Michigan mills consumed 3.4 million cords, up 9 percent from the previous year. Nine percent of the total consumption was imported from out of State, with Wisconsin supplying 81 percent of the imports. 6 ,0 0 0 5 ,0 0 0 4 ,0 0 0 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 0 S p ru c e- f i r P i ne O th e r h ar d wo o ds Map le A sp en Minnesota • The 16 mills in Minnesota reported consuming an estimated 2.8 million cords in 1997, a decrease of 3 percent from 1996. Five percent of Minnesota’s consumption for pulpwood came from out of State sources. Canada furnished 68 percent of the imported wood material. 1993 1994 1 9 95 1996 1997 YEAR Figure 14.—Pulpwood production in the Lake States for pulp by species group and residues, 1993-1997. percent was roundwood and 9 percent was residues. • Principal species harvested for pulp were aspen (2,183 thousand cords), hard maple (748 thousand cords), jack pine (561 thousand cords), soft maple (512 thousand cords), and red pine (457 thousand cords) (fig. 14). In 1997, hardwoods were still the mainstays of the pulp mills in the region with hardwood roundwood contributing 65 percent of total production and hardwood residues supplying another 7 percent. The use of softwood roundwood by the pulp mills in the Lake States decreased by 6 percent in 1997. Softwood residue use, on the other hand, increased by 17 percent from the previous year. Average daily woodpulp production was 15.1 thousand tons in 1997—up from 14.3 thousand tons in 1996 (table 3). Lake States pulpwood production for pulp mills in 1993-1997 was: Wisconsin • The 21 mills in Wisconsin consumed 3.5 million cords in 1997, a decrease of 6 percent from 1996. Eighteen percent of the total receipts were imported from out of State. Imports from Minnesota and Michigan accounted for 45 percent and 35 percent of the total imports, respectively. INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS Pulp Mills In this section pulp mills include wood fiber products such as paper, paperboard, hardboard, insulation board, and medium-density fiberboard. All of these products are manufactured from wood that has been reduced to individual fibers, small fiber bundles, or fiber parts that are subsequently formed into a mat. • Of the 9.5 million cords of pulpwood produced in 1997, 7.0 million cords (74 percent) were used for woodpulp products. Of each cord used to produce pulp, 91 • • • • Product form and species group Production 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 - - - - - - - - (Thousand cords)- - - - - - - - Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 1,780 2,427 2,113 514 6,834 1,790 2,253 2,351 594 6,989 1,776 2,241 2,291 642 6,949 1,920 2,018 2,209 630 6,778 1,788 2,183 2,401 649 7,021 13 Michigan • Pulpwood production for woodpulp was 2.5 million cords in 1997, a 14-percent increase over 1996. Aspen was the major pulpwood species harvested in the State with 545 thousand cords, a 32-percent increase from 1996. Other major species were jack pine with 149 thousand cords and white birch with 121 thousand cords. Michigan mills imported 206 thousand cords of pulpwood for processing (186 thousand cords from Wisconsin and 20 thousand cords from Indiana and Canada combined). Michigan exported 227 thousand cords to Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Canada. Ninety percent of the wood imported was in the form of roundwood, and 80 percent of the exports were roundwood. Michigan mills used 2,150 thousand cords of hardwood material in 1997, an increase of 23 percent from 1996. The use of softwood material in 1997 decreased by 4 percent to 363 thousand cords. • 1,209 thousand cords in 1997. The use of softwood material decreased by 10 percent to 403 thousand cords in 1997. Wisconsin • Pulpwood production for woodpulp products remained at 2.8 million cords in 1997. Aspen was the main species harvested with 650 thousand cords, a 3-percent decrease from the previous year. Other major species were jack pine (334 thousand cords), red pine (323 thousand cords), white birch (235 thousand cords), hard maple (229 thousand cords), and soft maple (164 thousand cords). Wisconsin mills imported 525 thousand cords of pulpwood: 213 thousand cords from Michigan, 199 thousand cords from Minnesota, 95 thousand cords from other States, and 18 thousand cords from Canada. Wisconsin exported 186 thousand cords to Michigan, 45 thousand cords to Minnesota, and 1 thousand cords to other States. Roundwood accounted for 87 percent of the wood material exported and 74 percent of the wood material imported. The use of hardwood material in Wisconsin pulp mills decreased by 3 percent and the use of softwood material decreased by 4 percent. Particleboard Mills • • • • • Minnesota • Pulpwood production for woodpulp totaled 1.7 million cords in 1997, a decline of 3 percent from 1996. Aspen was the predominant species harvested in the State with 988 thousand cords, 6 percent more than the previous year. Other major species were balsam fir with 195 thousand cords and spruce with 168 thousand cords. Mills in Minnesota imported 123 thousand cords for pulp products (77 thousand cords from Canada, 45 thousand cords from Wisconsin, and 1 thousand cords from Michigan). Minnesota exported 200 thousand cords to Wisconsin and 39 thousand cords to Canada. Roundwood made up 90 percent of the imports and 79 percent of the exports. In 1997, Minnesota mills had a 1-percent decrease in the use of hardwood material, from 1,223 thousand cords in 1996 to • • • Particleboard is a generic term for a panel manufactured from lignocellulosic material— commonly wood—essentially in the form of particles (as distinct from fibers). These materials are bonded together with synthetic resin or other suitable binder under heat and pressure by a process wherein the interparticle bonds are created wholly by the added binder and to which other materials may have been added during manufacture to improve certain properties. The many types of particleboard differ greatly in regard to size and geometry of the particle, the amount of resin (adhesive) used, and the density to which the panel is pressed. The major types of particles used for particleboard are shavings, flakes, wafers, chips, sawdust, strands, slivers, and wood wool (excelsior). Most particleboard in the U.S. is made from residues (shavings, sawdust, or 14 IN THOUSAND CORDS chips), but some types require that roundwood (saw logs or pulpwood) be used. Waferboard is an example of a product requiring that the particles be cut from solid wood. A new product called engineered lumber was added to this generic term in 1992. • The Lake States produced 2.5 million cords of pulpwood in 1997 for particleboard products, down 8 percent from 1996. For every cord of pulpwood used in particleboard manufacture, 97 percent came from roundwood and 3 percent was residues from wood-using plants (sawmills, veneer mills, etc.). Principal species harvested for particleboard products were aspen (1,946 thousand cords), jack pine (134 thousand cords), white birch (93 thousand cords), balsam poplar (81 thousand cords), and soft maple (79 thousand cords) (fig. 15). Total softwood roundwood received at Lake States particleboard mills increased from 146 thousand cords in 1996 to 161 thousand cords in 1997, an increase of 11 percent. Softwood residue use decreased by 80 percent, from 95 thousand cords in 1996 to 19 thousand cords in 1997. 3 ,0 0 0 2 ,5 0 0 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,5 0 0 1 ,0 0 0 500 0 1 9 93 1 9 94 1 9 95 1 9 96 1 9 97 A sp en R e si d ue s S o ft w o o ds O t he r h ar dw o o ds YEAR • Figure 15.—Pulpwood production for particleboard in the Lake States, 1993-1997. • • In 1997, Lake States particleboard plants received 2,320 thousand cords of hardwood roundwood, a decrease of 6 percent from the 1996 total of 2,468 thousand cords. Hardwood residue use decreased by 20 percent—from 84 thousand cords in 1996 to 67 thousand cords in 1997. Lake States pulpwood production for particleboard mills in 1993-1997 was: • Product form and species Production 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 - - - - - - - - - - (Thousand cords) - - - - - - - - - - Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 152 2,028 204 175 2,559 149 2,146 303 161 2,759 128 2,079 245 163 2,616 146 2,102 281 179 2,708 161 1,946 306 86 2,499 15 • National housing starts in 1997 remained at 1.5 million units. Even with stable or lower mortgage rates and a continuation of good economic reports, the increased costs of building materials contributed to the leveling off of housing starts. Minnesota, 10 thousand cords from Michigan, and 11 thousand cords from Canada. Wisconsin exported 49 thousand cords to Michigan, Minnesota, and Canadian particleboard mills in 1997. New Mills, Expansions, and Closures Michigan • Pulpwood harvested for particleboard products totaled 802 thousand cords in 1997, of which 143 thousand cords were softwoods and 659 thousand cords were hardwoods. Residues used for particleboard products added another 11 thousand cords. The particleboard mills in Michigan imported 48 thousand cords from Wisconsin and 36 thousand cords from Canada. Raw materials exported for particleboard production amounted to 15 thousand cords. Major pulp mill expansion, new construction, and closures are as follows: • Aspen Bay Pulp and Fibre is building the first bleached chemi-thermomechanical pulp mill in the U.S. in Menominee, MI. The 215,000 tpy mill should be finished in 2000. Badger Paper Mills, Inc., Peshtigo, WI, closed its pulp mill in June of 1996. G-P Flakeboard Limited completed construction of a medium density fiberboard (MDF) operation in Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada. The plant began operation in May of 1996. Potlatch Corp., Cloquet, MN, is rebuilding the bleached kraft pulp mill which will double its capacity by 2000. • • • Minnesota • Minnesota accounted for half of the wood material produced in the Lake States for particleboard plants. Timber logged for particleboard products totaled 1.3 million cords; aspen was the predominant species cut (1.2 million cords). Only 6 thousand cords of residues were produced in 1997. The particleboard mills in Minnesota imported 25 thousand cords from Canada and 2 thousand cords from the Plains States. In 1997, raw materials exported from the State for particleboard manufacturing totaled 89 thousand cords. • CENTRAL STATES PRODUCTION • • Wisconsin • In 1997, Wisconsin produced 365 thousand cords of roundwood for particleboard manufacturing, of which 9 thousand cords were softwood and 356 thousand cords were hardwood. Wisconsin’s wood processing mills provided an additional 69 thousand cords of plant byproducts to the particleboard industry. The mills in Wisconsin imported 109 thousand cords of wood for particleboard manufacturing: 88 thousand cords from Pulpwood production in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) increased by 5 percent—from 393 thousand cords in 1996 to 412 thousand cords in 1997 (fig. 16). Illinois production fell 32 percent, Indiana rose 17 percent, Iowa rose 54 percent, and Missouri rose 5 percent above the 1996 production levels. Pulpwood production from roundwood decreased by 2 percent in 1997. A 68percent decrease of exports to Northeastern States mills from the Central States accounted for the majority of this decrease. Roundwood made up 40 percent of the total wood material used for pulpwood production in the Central States in 1997. • • • 16 6 00 • S o ft w o od s IN THOUSAND CORDS 5 00 4 00 S of t h ar d w oo d s Whole-tree chips made up 35 percent of the pulpwood produced from roundwood for the Central States in 1997. The 56 thousand cords of whole-tree chips were a 13-percent increase from the 1996 volume. 3 00 H ar d h ar d w o od s 2 00 1 00 0 1993 1994 1 99 5 1 9 96 1 9 97 R e si d ue s Illinois • Illinois produced 70 thousand cords of pulpwood in 1997, down 26 percent from 1996. Illinois contributed 17 percent of the total production in the Central States in 1997 (fig. 18). Illinois does not have any primary woodpulp or particleboard mills; consequently, all pulpwood harvested is shipped to plants outside the State. YEAR Figure 16.—Pulpwood production in the Central States, 1993-1997. • Pulpwood production from soft hardwood7 roundwood fell slightly from 90 thousand cords in 1996 to 86 thousand cords in 1997. Hard hardwood8 production offset the loss in soft hardwood production by increasing from 61 thousand cords in 1996 to 67 thousand cords in 1997. Residue use for the production of pulpwood increased by 10 percent in 1997. The addition of another Iowa mill to this report accounts for the majority of this increase. Residue production for Iowa doubled from 1996 to 1997 with the addition of this mill. Hardwood residue from primary woodusing mills made up 92 percent or 230 thousand cords of the 249 thousand cords of total residue produced. Exports of roundwood and residues from the Central States in 1997 increased by 6 percent to 279 thousand cords. Central States pulpwood was shipped to Arkansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin mills. Loggers harvested pulpwood in 17 counties of Illinois, 17 counties in Indiana, 12 counties in Iowa, and 17 counties in Missouri (fig. 17). • Indiana • Pulpwood production in Indiana accounted for 42 percent of the total pulpwood produced in the Central States region in 1997, or 175 thousand cords, a 17-percent increase from 1996. Roundwood production decreased by 13 percent in 1997, while residue production increased by 38 percent. • • Iowa • Iowa’s total pulpwood production in 1997 was 35 thousand cords, an increase of 54 percent. The State contributed 9 percent of the region’s total. Softwood residues accounted for 43 percent of Iowa’s pulpwood production in 1997 and hardwood residues accounted for another 28 percent. • • • Missouri • Missouri remained the second largest producer of pulpwood in the Central States in 1997, with 32 percent of the region’s total, or 133 thousand cords. Missouri pulpwood production increased by 5 percent from 1996. Missouri exported 122 thousand cords or 92 percent of the State’s pulpwood production to mills in the Southern States. • 7 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. 8 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. • 17 Jo Daviess Step hen so nW innebag o Mchen ry Lake J ones Carr oll Ogle De Kalb Kan e Co o k Du P age Clinton Ced ar Jack so n Tama Crawfo rd S tory Marshall Carroll Greene Bo one Ben ton Linn Mon o na Boone Audubon Mo nt g omery Clark e Kn o x Warren P eoria W o odford W h ite Benton Carroll Tazewell Mclean Vermil ion Warren Champaig n Ford Cass Iroq u ois Stark Tayl or Ringgold Decatu r Wayne Van Bur en Lee F ulto n Appan oo se Davis Henderson Huntington Fr emo nt Page Wabash Des Moines L iving sto n Newton ry De Kalb Macon Brown S helby Morgan Do u glas Moultrie Ch ristian Coles S helb y Clark Montgomery Jersey Madiso n Warren Mari o n Cli nton St. Louis F ran klin Washington Jeff ers on Monroe Ran dolp hP erry F ran klin Crawfo rd Washington Pulask i Laclede Den t Iron Rey nolds Madiso n T exas Web ster Wright Jasper L awrence S han no n Do uglas Howell Or ego n Taney McDo nald Ozark Ripley New Madr id P emi sco t Du n klin Carter But ler Newton Barr y Chr istian St one Gr een e W ayne Sco tt St o d dard Phelp s St e. Genevi eve S t. P erry F rancoi s Jefferso n Gibso n W h ite P o sey Vander -b urgh Jack so n Wi lliam- Saline Gallatin so n Warrick Spencer St . Clair Way ne St. C harles Cl ay Ri chland Bo n d Cumberland Fayette E ffing ham Jasp er Vigo * Clay E d gar S cott S angamo n P arke Bu chanan Mari o n Cass Macon Vermillion Hendricks Linn M An drew Menard P iatt on Daviess Adams Fountain tgo Ho lt Gru n dy Lewis me Kn o x Sch uyler De Wi tt L ogan Miami t Black ford ran Howard G Jay e ar Clinton Tipton law De Ran dolp h Bo o ne Hamilt o n Henry Way ne Marion Hancock Madison Gentry Adair Mas on Sullivan Tippecanoe Fayette Calhoun P latte Greene Maco upin Johnson Dearborn Martin J oh ns on Cass Co o per Moniteau Henry Cole Benton Morgan Osage Miller Maries St . Clair Camd en Vern o n Hick ory Cedar Polk Dallas Bates Law ren ce P ettis Call away Montgomery h a ba s Gasconade Edwards W Bollinger Alexander Cape Girard eau Massac P ulaski Mississip pi Johnson Barton Dade Union P o pe Hardin Hamilton 18 Iowa Ko ssut h Winne bago Howard All amak ee Cl ay Hancock Fl o y d Chickasaw Lyo n W o rth Wi nne shiek Cerro Go rdo Fayett e P ocah ontas Hu mb oldt Wri ght Bremer Fran klin But ler Web ster Buch anan Delaware Du b uque I da Calh o u n Hami lton Hard in Grund y Sac Black Hawk Cl ayton Mitch ell Palo Alto Osceo la Dickinso n Emmet Siou x O'Brien CENTRAL STATES Ill inois Plymouth Chero kee Buena Vista W o od bury Harrison Gu thrie Jasper Jo hnso n Scot t Ken dallWi ll La Porte Lake Porter Grund y Putnam Jas per Pulask i F ulton Mars hall Kan kakee Stark e Mars hall Ko sciu s ko Whitley Allen No ble De Kalb Henry Louisa Ad ams Uni o n Lucas Monroe Wapello Jefferso n Henr y Ro ck Islan d Mercer Bureau L a Salle Mu scatine Cass Madi s on Warren Mahaska Keok uk Washington Marion Adair St. J oseph E lkhart Lagran ge Steu ben P oweshiek I owa Dall as Polk Shelb y W hitesid e Lee Indiana P ottawattamie Mills Wells Ad ams Atchi s on No daway Putnam Worth Harrison Mercer Schu- S cotlan d Clark yl er Mcdo Hancock n ou g h Ru sh Putnam Morgan Owen S helby Un Fran klin Br own io n r Ba Sullivan Greene Cr awford Lawrence th Mo nroe w om ol Decatu r nn Je Jack so n Davi ess Kn o x P ike Du b ois Crawford P erry Floy d Harriso n Clinton Cald well Livingston Pike Chariton Monroe Ralls Carroll Ray Cl ay Ran dolp h P ike Au drain Howard Saline Li ncoln Bo one Lafayett e Jack so n in gs Rip ley Ohio SwitzJefferso n erlan d Wash Orange in gton S cott Clark Missouri 0 cords 1 to 999 cords 1,000 to 2,999 cords 3,000 to 4,999 cords 5,000 or more cords Pulp mill Figure 17.—Production of pulpwood from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) in the Central States by counties, in standard cords, 1997. Locations of Central States and nearby pulp and particleboard mills using Central States pulpwood are shown. 180 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Illinois 1 00 Soft w ood IN THOUSAND CORDS IN THOUSAND CORDS Ha rd ha rd woods So ft ha rd wood Residues 80 60 40 20 0 Sof tw oo d r oundwo od Hard wo od r oundw oo d Soft w oo d r esid u e 199 6 199 7 Indiana Iowa STATE Missouri Ha rd wo o d r esid u e PRODUCT FORM Figure 18.—Central States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1997. RECEIPTS • Pulp and particleboard mills in three Central States received 142 thousand cords in 1997, up 7 percent from 1996. Residue receipts increased by 19 percent from 70 thousand cords in 1996 to 83 thousand cords in 1997. Softwood roundwood was not used for pulpwood in the Central States. INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS Figure 19.—Pulpwood production in the Plains States, 1996-1997. • Softwood residues accounted for 88 percent of the pulpwood production for the Plains States in 1997, all of which came from South Dakota (fig. 20). Fifty-one thousand cords of softwood residue from the Plains States were exported to Wisconsin in 1997. • • • S o f tw o o d Ha rd wo o d r ound w o o d 2% • Average daily woodpulp production increased by only 1 percent in 1997 to 843 tons (table 6). In 1997, only 36 percent of the roundwood and 30 percent of the residues produced for pulpwood in the Central States went to pulp or particleboard mills located in the Central States. Hardwood residue from sawmills continues to be the dominant form of wood material procured for Central States pulp and particleboard mills. r oundw o o d 10% • • S o f tw o od r es idue 88% PLAINS STATES PRODUCTION AND RECEIPTS • Pulpwood production in the Plains States was 113 thousand cords in 1997, an increase of 3 percent from 1996. Production came from Kansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota (fig. 19). Figure 20.—Plains States pulpwood production, 1997. 19 • Two thousand cords of aspen and balsam poplar roundwood from the Plains States were exported to Minnesota in 1997. The Plains States imported 58 thousand cords of softwood residue from Wyoming in 1997. All of the pulpwood received in the Plains States was processed at Merillat Industries, Inc. (particleboard), in Rapid City, SD, which has an annual production capacity of 95 million square feet 3/4 basis. • • APPENDIX CONVERSION FACTORS USED IN THE NORTH-CENTRAL REGION Standard cords of green roundwood per green ton: Species Softwoods Northern white-cedar Balsam fir Hemlock Jack pine Red pine White pine Shortleaf pine Spruce Tamarack Hardwoods Soft hardwoods Hard hardwoods Ash Aspen Balsam poplar Basswood Beech Factor 0.4688 .6329 .4688 .4150 .4688 .4688 .4777 .3956 .5014 .4291 .3939 .4171 .3708 .4330 .4291 .4083 .5167 .3956 Species White birch Yellow birch River birch Sweetgum Yellow-poplar Blackgum Sycamore Cottonwood Elm Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Black cherry Red oak White oak Black oak Other hardwoods Factor 0.4018 .3723 .3871 .3669 .4219 .3779 .4083 .4291 .4018 .3701 .3617 .4083 .4688 .3444 .3723 .3444 .4777 20 Table 2.--Number of industrial pulp or particleboard plants in the Lake States by product form, species group used, and State, 1997 Product form Total State and species group Lake States Michigan Minnesota Roundwood Softwoods Northern white-cedar 2 2 -Balsam fir 16 3 5 Hemlock 6 1 -Jack pine 15 3 7 Red pine 17 3 8 White pine 9 2 2 Spruce 18 3 8 Tamarack 6 1 1 Total plants using softwoods 1 24 4 11 Hardwoods Ash 14 6 1 Aspen 41 10 15 Balsam poplar 14 4 8 Basswood 15 9 1 Beech 7 6 -White birch 23 9 6 Yellow birch 9 6 -Cottonwood 2 --Elm 4 --Hickory 1 --Hard maple 19 9 1 Soft maple 19 9 2 Red oak 13 7 -White oak 7 3 -Other hardwoods 6 4 -Total plants using hardwoods 1 46 11 15 Total plants using roundwood 1 48 12 16 Residues Softwood 10 2 2 Hardwood 19 6 4 Total plants using residues 1 20 6 4 Total plants 1 49 12 16 1 Some plants use more than one species, so numbers in columns are not additive. Wisconsin -8 5 5 6 5 7 4 9 7 16 2 5 1 8 3 2 4 1 9 8 6 4 2 20 20 6 9 10 21 Table 3.--Average daily production of active woodpulp mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and type of pulp produced, 1997 (In tons per 24 hours) Location Alpena Battle Creek Quinnesec Escanaba Otsego Muskegon Ontonagon Manistee 8 mills Grand Rapids International Falls Shakepee Sartell Duluth Bemidji Duluth Little Falls International Falls Cloquet 10 mills Combined Locks Biron Niagara Stevens Point Wisconsin Rapids Park Falls Nekoosa Phillips Port Edwards Superior Cornell Kimberly Mosinee Tomahawk Kaukauna Brokaw Rothschild 17 mills 35 mills 100 208 317 187 1,045 170 390 75 230 232 230 105 285 1,378 425 265 150 5,792 15,059 -----170 --230 ------265 150 815 815 ----1,045 -390 -----285 -425 --2,145 6,595 -208 317 187 ---75 -232 -105 -----1,124 3,315 500 976 242 800 331 100 290 100 110 520 3,969 ------------976 -------520 1,496 500 --800 331 100 -100 110 -1,941 -----------100 ------------1,378 ---1,478 3,568 ------290 ---290 ------------------290 250 4 1,150 1,500 660 304 530 900 5,298 -----------1,150 1,500 -304 --2,954 250 -------250 ----660 -530 900 2,090 ---------- Average daily production Sulfite Kraft Thermochemical Type of pulp Groundwood/ Semimechanical chemical Thermomechanical -4 ------4 --242 -------242 ----------230 ------230 476 State and company Michigan ABT Co. American Fibrit Inc. Champion International Corp. Mead Corp. Menasha Corp. S. D. Warren Co. Stone Container Corp. TENNECO Packaging Total Minnesota Blandin Paper Co. Boise Cascade Corp. Certain-Teed Corp. Champion International Corp. Consolidated Papers Inc. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Hennepin Paper Co. International Bildrite, Inc. Potlatch Corp. Total Wisconsin Appleton Papers Inc. Consolidated Papers Inc. Consolidated Papers Inc. Consolidated Papers Inc. Consolidated Papers Inc. Fraser Papers Inc. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Globe Building Materials Inc. Inter Lake Papers Inc. Mosinee Paper Corp. TENNECO Packaging Thilmany Paper Wausau-Mosinee Paper Corp. Weyerhaeuser Paper Co. Total Lake States total Table 4.--Annual production of active particleboard and panel mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and product produced, 1997 (In million square feet 3/4-inch basis) Location Gaylord Newberry Sagola Grayling 4 mills Two Harbors Solway Bemidi Cook Grand Rapids Deerwood 6 mills Hayward Tomahawk Marinette Marshfield 4 mills 14 mills Particleboard Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Product produced Annual production 230 61 188 200 679 61 190 480 241 340 n/a 1,312 Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Laminated structural lumber State and company Michigan Georgia-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Minnesota Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Northwood Panelboard Co. Potlatch Corp. Potlatch Corp. Potlatch Corp. Trus Joist MacMillan Total Wisconsin Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Rodman Industries Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Lake States total Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Particleboard Particleboard 250 43 15 78 386 2,377 Table 5.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Central States and Plain States, 1997 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Product form, species group, and destination Roundwood Softwoods Lake States Northeastern States Plain States Southern States Total Soft hardwoods 4 Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Hard hardwoods 5 Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Total roundwood Central States Lake States Northeastern States Plain States Southern States Total Residues Softwoods Central States Lake States Plain States Southern States Total Hardwoods Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Total residues Central States Lake States Northeastern States Plain States Southern States Total Total all wood material Central States Lake States Northeastern States Plain States Southern States Total 1 2 1 Production by State 2 Illinois Indiana Iowa Missouri Plains States 3 Regional total Imports Lake States Other U.S. Total imports Total receipts 675 --3,949 4,624 5,632 --20,730 26,361 3,044 --11,652 14,697 8,676 675 --36,330 45,681 -3,953 --3,953 10,883 -117 7,993 18,993 22,244 -53 7,343 29,640 33,126 -4,124 -15,336 52,586 350 ---350 7,110 252 --7,362 2,018 380 --2,398 9,128 981 ---10,109 ---1,342 1,342 7,213 --26,383 33,596 325 --19,758 20,083 7,538 ---47,482 55,020 --10,800 -10,800 -2,286 --2,286 ------2,286 -10,800 -13,086 1,025 3,953 10,800 5,290 21,069 30,838 2,538 117 55,105 88,597 27,631 380 53 38,753 66,817 58,468 3,942 4,124 10,800 99,148 176,483 ---------------------- ---------------------- ---------------------- --10,800 -10,800 30,838 ---30,838 27,631 ---27,631 58,468 --10,800 -69,268 -----12,618 --11,685 24,303 12,618 ---11,685 24,303 21,294 675 --48,015 69,984 ---249 249 36,872 15,529 1,503 67,767 121,670 36,872 15,529 1,503 -68,016 121,920 69,998 15,529 5,626 -83,352 174,506 15,120 88 --15,208 7,359 2,661 --10,020 22,479 2,749 ---25,228 31,607 3,730 ---35,337 ---3,802 3,802 3,091 --70,712 73,803 3,091 ---74,514 77,605 10,629 ---121,996 132,625 -50,685 48,839 -99,524 ---443 443 -50,685 -48,839 443 99,967 -52,971 -59,639 443 113,054 15,120 50,773 48,839 4,052 118,784 59,940 18,190 1,503 150,607 230,239 75,060 68,963 1,503 48,839 154,658 349,023 133,529 72,905 5,626 59,639 253,807 525,506 -----1,492 ---1,492 1,492 ----1,492 1,492 ----1,492 6,480 -58,000 -64,480 -----6,480 --58,000 -64,480 6,480 --58,000 -64,480 6,480 -58,000 -64,480 1,492 ---1,492 7,972 --58,000 -65,972 7,972 --58,000 -65,972 21,600 -106,839 -128,439 61,432 ---61,432 83,032 --106,839 -189,871 141,500 --117,639 -259,140 Table may not add due to rounding. Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. 3 4 5 Includes Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 of less. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. Table 6. -Average daily production of active woodpulp mills in the Central States by company, location, and type of pulp produced, 1997 (In tons per 24 hours) Company The Weston Paper and Mfg. Co. Four M Paper Corp. Jeld-Wen Fiber of Iowa Huebert Fiberboard Co. Central States total Location Terre Haute, Indiana Fort Madison, Iowa Dubuque, Iowa Boonville, Missouri 4 mills Average daily production 570 118 80 75 843 Type of pulp Groundwood/ SemiMechanical chemical -570 -118 80 -75 -155 688 Table 7.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, year, and destination, 1993-1997 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) 1 MICHIGAN Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 5-year average Total production 3,154 3,254 3,112 3,111 3,346 3,195 Michigan 2,859 2,915 2,733 2,815 3,104 2,885 MINNESOTA Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 5-year average Total production 2,969 3,029 2,971 3,065 2,980 3,003 Michigan -11 4 --3 WISCONSIN Year 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 5-year average 1 2 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 11 272 17 310 18 346 5 267 1 223 10 284 Other 2 13 11 16 25 18 17 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 2,783 146 2,812 164 2,738 178 2,676 352 2,654 287 2,733 225 Other 2 39 41 50 38 39 41 Total production 3,270 3,465 3,482 3,309 3,194 3,344 Michigan 244 241 231 218 234 234 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 55 2,970 55 3,167 80 3,168 68 3,020 45 2,913 61 3,048 Other 2 1 2 2 3 2 2 Includes mill residues used for pulp. Includes Canada. Table 8.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, product form, Forest Survey Unit, and destination, 1997 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN Total production Michigan 590 1,039 1,167 95 2,891 213 3,104 MINNESOTA Total production Michigan -------WISCONSIN Michigan 190 13 * -7 211 23 234 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin * 38 1 1 -40 5 45 789 1,083 576 80 32 2,560 353 2,913 Other 1 ------2 2 913 1,445 189 52 2,599 55 2,654 1,046 1,501 277 52 2,875 104 2,980 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 133 56 88 -277 11 287 Other 1 -----39 39 -1 --1 -1 35 149 10 -194 29 223 8 3 2 -13 5 18 Other 1 633 1,193 1,178 95 3,099 247 3,346 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total Residues Total pulpwood Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total Residues Total pulpwood Product form and Total Forest Survey Unit production Roundwood Northeastern 980 Northwestern 1,134 Central 577 Southwestern 80 Southeastern 40 Total 2,811 Residues 383 Total pulpwood 3,194 * Less than 500 standard cords, unpeeled. Includes Canada. 1 Table 9.--Lake States annual pulpwood production from roundwood by State, Forest Survey Unit, and species group, 1993-1997 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN All species 1994 1995 773 774 1,140 1,149 1,035 845 65 66 3,013 2,834 1996 689 1,217 861 67 2,834 1997 633 1,193 1,178 95 3,099 1993 149 115 116 * 380 1994 111 101 132 * 344 1996 126 106 141 * 373 1997 131 97 163 2 392 Pine 1995 147 99 108 * 355 1993 27 39 2 -67 1994 23 38 1 -62 Spruce 1995 27 39 1 -66 1996 27 50 1 * 78 1997 18 27 1 -46 Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1993 778 1,051 1 64 2,909 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total 1,330 1,341 163 23 2,857 1,318 1,283 222 35 2,858 1,263 1,263 242 43 2,810 1,321 1,232 296 48 2,897 1,046 1,501 277 52 2,875 MINNESOTA 56 46 81 60 20 14 * -156 120 40 65 17 -122 38 51 29 -119 35 66 26 -126 125 33 1 -158 137 29 1 -165 118 31 1 -150 158 44 3 * 204 123 43 3 -168 Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Total Total Lake States 1,054 1,221 575 58 30 2,937 8,703 1,066 1,312 640 65 38 3,121 8,992 1,020 1,334 661 65 35 3,115 8,759 1,003 1,210 618 75 40 2,945 8,676 980 1,134 577 80 40 2,811 8,785 WISCONSIN 141 135 225 242 277 307 34 38 15 15 692 738 1,228 1,201 132 228 285 33 17 695 1,172 158 231 264 39 20 712 1,203 173 205 270 39 23 709 1,228 13 19 1 1 * 34 259 12 16 16 18 16 19 18 22 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 31 40 34 44 258 256 318 259 (Table 9 continued on next page) (Table 9 continued) MICHIGAN 1994 55 45 2 -103 Balsam fir 1995 34 43 2 -79 1996 25 38 2 * 65 1997 20 29 2 -52 1993 25 24 * -49 1996 32 53 * * 85 1997 24 57 * -82 Other softwoods 1994 1995 43 30 41 46 * * * -84 76 1993 211 373 545 13 1,142 1994 181 360 527 16 1,084 Aspen 1995 192 368 429 13 1,003 1996 152 334 406 22 913 1997 125 339 540 38 1,041 Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1993 55 44 3 -101 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total 114 84 2 11 199 114 70 1 -185 119 76 2 -198 171 75 6 * 252 106 79 10 -195 MINNESOTA 2 2 1 1 ----3 3 11 2 * * 12 11 2 --13 12 8 1 -21 925 1,105 131 23 2,185 862 1,061 197 35 2,155 831 1,021 209 43 2,103 816 988 247 47 2,098 649 1,187 222 50 2,108 Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Total Total Lake States 30 31 1 * * 61 361 31 31 * * * 63 351 30 41 1 * 1 73 350 41 50 1 * * 92 410 32 44 1 * * 78 324 WISCONSIN 20 32 9 9 2 2 * -* * 31 42 83 129 27 7 2 * * 37 125 26 7 2 * * 36 135 24 8 3 * * 34 138 405 544 152 18 10 1,129 4,455 393 397 367 328 573 614 539 481 163 179 170 149 17 17 24 17 13 8 11 5 1,159 1,214 1,109 980 4,399 4,320 4,121 4,130 (Table 9 continued on next page) (Table 9 continued) MICHIGAN 1994 75 87 50 1 213 Birch 1995 51 84 42 * 177 1996 77 144 35 * 256 1997 51 87 40 1 180 1993 193 280 143 14 630 1994 215 351 163 8 736 1996 203 370 188 16 777 1997 221 430 266 23 940 Maple 1995 237 375 156 11 779 1993 55 95 156 36 342 Other hardwoods 1994 1995 1996 71 57 48 117 94 122 160 106 88 40 42 28 387 299 287 1997 42 126 165 32 365 Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1993 64 81 51 2 197 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total 27 11 3 -42 44 30 1 -75 65 38 8 * 111 58 45 7 * 109 60 55 8 * 123 MINNESOTA 11 7 4 -21 10 10 6 -26 9 4 4 -17 5 1 4 -9 9 1 5 -15 72 20 2 * 94 103 23 2 -128 70 27 * 1 97 65 26 1 * 92 51 63 3 2 119 Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Total Total Lake States * Less than 500 standard cords. 129 114 17 1 * 261 500 116 126 18 1 1 263 550 123 152 28 3 2 309 596 120 123 27 3 1 275 641 106 119 24 5 2 257 559 WISCONSIN 209 226 170 205 49 60 2 4 2 2 431 496 1,083 1,259 194 172 59 5 3 433 1,229 152 158 64 4 2 379 1,165 178 165 51 7 4 405 1,360 107 108 77 2 3 298 734 121 110 89 5 5 329 845 101 101 104 6 3 315 711 124 83 90 5 3 306 684 122 89 77 11 4 304 788 Table 10.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Michigan, 1997 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group Red White pine pine 4,151 11,578 6,733 6,772 4,393 1,143 18,151 52,921 2,081 2,139 306 2,900 6,824 242 9,565 1,606 25,663 165 73 398 -8 273 48 1,354 525 5,716 428 547 1,208 1,328 32 7,639 435 38 473 -684 -2,428 704 100 -782 635 177 1,868 978 410 2,854 32,307 ----4 -----------165 ---169 111,059 605 606 675 98 251 278 503 3,017 547 523 88 478 1,281 68 1,532 161 4,677 31 -6 --14 8 69 10 238 25 9 27 78 -51 -2 -----75 --29 -63 214 38 82 -1,066 ----9 ---------------9 8,769 Forest Survey Unit All and county 1 species Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 111,445 Chippewa 95,528 Delta 91,489 Luce 69,239 Mackinac 89,355 Menominee 65,059 Schoolcraft 110,878 Total 632,994 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 125,184 Dickinson 113,541 Gogebic 92,087 Houghton 186,406 Iron 175,001 Keweenaw 47,494 Marquette 290,741 Ontonagon 162,049 Total 1,192,502 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 30,868 Alpena 14,712 Antrim 13,051 Arenac 5,071 Bay 2,641 Benzie 31,381 Charlevoix 4,751 Cheboygan 43,144 Clare 54,969 Crawford 48,748 Emmet 31,366 Gladwin 52,281 Grand Traverse 22,922 Iosco 17,615 Isabella 28,729 Kalkaska 54,277 Lake 70,112 Leelanau 1,893 Manistee 46,035 Mason 13,889 Mecosta 54,309 Midland 23,390 Missaukee 48,985 Montmorency 48,338 Newaygo 66,093 Oceana 18,392 Ogemaw 20,279 Osceola 80,730 Oscoda 30,321 Otsego 67,939 Presque Isle 43,043 Roscommon 47,652 Wexford 39,963 Total 1,177,890 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 15,945 Barry 3,920 Calhoun 1,649 Cass 2,271 Clinton 1,073 Gratiot 8,412 Huron 1,647 Ionia 641 Jackson 1,100 Kalamazoo 1,223 Kent 14,241 Lapeer 100 Monroe 922 Montcalm 16,205 Muskegon 14,353 Ottawa 5,611 Sanilac 1,563 St. Joseph 1,404 Tuscola 1,585 Van Buren 1,541 Total 95,405 State total 3,098,792 N. whitecedar 530 577 602 94 296 157 482 2,739 345 451 4 132 758 65 1,469 18 3,241 -------39 --7 ----34 -------34 ------7 69 -190 ---------------------6,170 Balsam fir 3,255 4,008 3,876 1,013 3,196 1,457 3,442 20,246 3,222 2,915 1,120 2,785 8,526 390 9,254 1,091 29,303 -124 -----591 --54 ----206 -------371 ------441 553 -2,341 ---------------------51,889 Hemlock 2,783 2,686 3,584 5,187 2,153 728 2,784 19,905 10,149 2,430 4,768 4,207 4,207 1,975 20,875 1,938 50,550 ---------------178 -----------------178 ---------------------70,633 Jack pine 8,204 17,621 11,075 9,853 5,614 984 21,674 75,024 11,794 7,254 208 4,344 8,877 345 32,979 837 66,638 3,124 179 633 302 -2,041 748 7,924 3,373 18,527 2,590 2,579 4,079 8,272 252 9,452 1,472 464 1,269 -1,005 41 2,841 7,764 62 -6,536 272 7,848 20,972 3,456 10,045 1,388 129,511 ----865 ------22 ------550 -1,437 272,611 Spruce 1,553 2,713 2,020 1,355 2,379 3,060 4,694 17,774 3,375 3,375 805 3,577 6,900 143 7,564 1,495 27,232 -164 -----281 --13 ----76 -------196 ------440 132 -1,302 ---------------------46,308 Tamarack 355 369 403 63 160 105 323 1,777 287 368 70 269 972 43 1,561 51 3,622 ---------------23 -----------------23 ---------------------5,422 Ash 1,305 375 484 625 510 702 571 4,572 1,592 726 2,188 5,820 1,500 923 1,666 4,558 18,972 222 13 315 1 -1,282 135 54 515 75 106 666 479 37 519 732 905 88 921 526 962 506 720 86 1,099 308 66 1,671 9 176 45 197 728 14,166 Aspen 12,638 24,259 22,836 6,247 28,547 16,021 14,206 124,753 20,228 53,963 16,019 51,343 53,591 6,353 67,705 69,935 339,138 16,365 9,244 4,749 3,874 2,124 9,008 1,744 20,812 26,821 16,631 10,375 24,721 9,082 5,414 15,946 19,283 27,046 303 18,585 5,198 33,834 9,795 21,810 27,210 33,275 9,583 6,539 48,583 15,409 25,420 20,194 22,781 17,978 539,736 Balsam poplar 1,301 549 2,091 563 1,188 1,848 1,544 9,083 2,933 5,036 1,336 4,456 5,718 529 7,588 3,294 30,889 --6 --37 2 -11 1 --25 --20 26 -47 17 1 21 15 -18 2 2 42 --1 2 30 327 11 3,955 -11 1,304 --370 --509 -1 100 -160 4,808 -32 935 --144 -7 442 -1 291 -85 3,949 --78 -18 323 -294 9,122 -134 5,985 -43 2,932 --692 --315 --1,025 --346 -797 37,626 -38,507 1,041,253 40,300 (Table 10 continued on next page) (Table 10 continued) Species group Forest Survey Unit BassWhite and county 1 wood Beech birch Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 1,634 3,222 7,430 Chippewa 726 870 5,208 Delta 1,028 1,187 5,444 Luce 737 1,559 3,515 Mackinac 918 1,235 8,118 Menominee 1,091 1,392 7,276 Schoolcraft 867 1,382 5,004 Total 7,002 10,846 41,995 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 2,129 2,231 10,397 Dickinson 1,986 1,073 7,582 Gogebic 2,215 2,875 4,762 Houghton 10,399 2,944 7,131 Iron 2,785 2,748 9,810 Keweenaw 1,212 1,549 4,251 Marquette 3,474 4,034 19,752 Ontonagon 7,990 2,305 3,278 Total 32,190 19,757 66,964 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 1,108 333 2,478 Alpena 66 19 1,035 Antrim 1,114 106 678 Arenac 5 2 378 Bay 1 -82 Benzie 1,675 661 715 Charlevoix 227 78 140 Cheboygan 421 99 1,665 Clare 1,243 695 1,602 Crawford 480 117 578 Emmet 463 154 2,140 Gladwin 1,556 926 2,800 Grand Traverse 817 263 495 Iosco 225 55 787 Isabella 1,060 620 1,078 Kalkaska 1,326 648 1,308 Lake 1,403 975 954 Leelanau 141 47 32 Manistee 1,152 778 1,062 Mason 586 353 271 Mecosta 548 948 503 Midland 698 367 902 Missaukee 1,509 760 1,387 Montmorency 1,542 133 1,457 Newaygo 659 989 605 Oceana 171 290 165 Ogemaw 173 47 262 Osceola 1,071 1,433 1,091 Oscoda 528 16 1,383 Otsego 2,274 291 3,095 Presque Isle 378 83 2,571 Roscommon 452 258 1,121 Wexford 977 629 769 Total 26,050 13,172 35,588 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 11 56 11 Barry 11 55 11 Calhoun ---Cass ---Clinton 4 2 24 Gratiot 80 160 160 Huron 79 32 158 Ionia ---Jackson 7 36 7 Kalamazoo 3 2 3 Kent 42 85 42 Lapeer ---Monroe 92 28 92 Montcalm 147 294 294 Muskegon 68 134 73 Ottawa 43 217 43 Sanilac 12 -103 St. Joseph ---Tuscola ---Van Buren ---Total 599 1,101 1,021 State total 65,842 44,877 145,568 1 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 1997. Yellow birch 2,363 689 1,282 1,211 1,154 1,109 1,589 9,396 2,282 877 1,802 4,099 2,396 1,087 4,524 2,918 19,985 222 13 28 1 -99 20 -227 31 5 297 78 37 180 147 382 6 250 76 469 83 215 74 458 139 17 643 1 46 1 67 211 4,524 11 11 ---80 47 -7 1 42 -18 147 67 43 ----474 34,378 Cottonwood 1 -1 ----3 --6 1 1 --2 10 -------------------------------------------------------13 Elm 1 ----9 1 11 26 254 75 8 24 3 3 18 410 -------------------------------------------------------420 Hickory -----2 -2 -10 54 -4 --10 78 -------------------------------------------------------81 Hard maple 36,286 10,183 16,285 18,055 15,550 16,444 19,247 132,049 30,193 13,024 31,947 52,243 34,017 17,545 55,553 39,075 273,596 4,304 3,244 1,803 40 4 4,614 441 6,387 4,779 1,678 9,783 5,340 1,718 518 4,182 4,435 5,493 411 4,692 2,228 5,019 2,245 4,987 3,626 5,183 1,491 503 7,735 1,604 3,914 10,941 1,431 4,248 119,020 169 165 --13 1,042 158 -109 12 424 -231 1,910 673 651 8 -10 -5,575 530,240 Soft maple 20,934 11,759 10,521 10,848 12,451 9,815 12,756 89,084 18,676 8,196 17,451 25,909 21,007 9,424 36,879 18,738 156,281 2,401 539 2,057 468 421 4,521 490 3,228 6,540 3,346 5,091 7,264 2,209 734 3,749 7,359 9,412 333 7,295 2,821 8,951 3,355 7,990 2,909 10,967 2,965 2,118 12,928 2,127 7,320 2,999 6,253 6,258 147,419 3,279 767 352 485 51 1,522 206 137 109 257 1,898 -120 3,021 2,698 923 583 300 -329 17,035 409,819 Red oak 608 112 182 284 174 357 203 1,920 611 497 1,965 1,249 731 366 608 1,222 7,249 116 -612 --2,860 321 219 4,344 1,332 81 2,718 1,152 131 309 589 8,375 -4,181 615 473 2,576 2,093 2,158 5,657 1,250 1,593 1,948 1,157 1,015 470 3,176 1,768 53,287 4,011 761 445 614 -120 -173 113 313 2,841 --380 2,126 344 -380 -416 13,037 75,493 White oak 4 1 2 --40 5 52 147 48 145 44 118 19 17 49 587 --506 --3,108 326 -4,244 -44 2,822 1,187 -722 545 12,966 -4,978 966 899 2,618 2,078 -6,914 2,010 1,588 2,445 -1,334 -603 1,859 54,764 4,431 823 481 663 -280 -188 263 339 4,834 --596 2,394 372 -410 -450 16,525 71,928 Other hardwoods 2,283 639 1,178 1,160 1,069 1,044 1,448 8,821 1,940 814 1,879 2,069 2,209 961 4,137 1,460 15,469 --39 --475 22 -40 -4 35 104 -79 225 266 27 353 232 13 183 152 -107 18 24 233 ---20 267 2,920 ---------------------27,210 Table 11.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Minnesota, 1997 (In standard cords, unpeeled) All species Hemlock -----------------------------------------------------85,628 -------39,067 -------1,500 2,100 -111 --30 -394 1,682 --1,853 57 -29 141 -415 6,812 1,758 73 1,833 -334 5,110 695 470 2,229 151 25 3,694 973 -39 446 -620 18,451 29 -52 -122 20 -4 ---43 17 --34 -15 336 104 -159 --219 -11 682 --1,333 50 ----142 2,701 -------168,472 --------731 ---------731 -------21,137 50 -181 ---1 ----202 6 ---21 5 467 1,226 382 3,094 9,388 1,270 7,015 2,863 9,126 6,032 -2,816 6,017 49,229 1,073 22 2,471 4,913 26 2,851 418 3,012 28 --1,030 15,844 24 --779 -41 -35 ----878 2,239 9 3,721 3,294 1,405 848 407 21,364 7,409 60 2,146 -42,902 1,266 -1,076 1,183 56 50 120 1,689 1,217 -1,371 29 8,056 --844 -103 -79 118 ----1,144 81,099 78,682 164,648 171,118 79,275 74,661 129,220 273,602 87,937 13,646 15,850 17,168 1,186,905 1,079 116 64 10 75 623 14,646 55,421 18,659 -27,831 98,269 101 1,470 3,132 339 -13 221,847 817 2,524 8,221 3,405 14,619 29,586 821 492 178 835 2,446 4,772 -21 -11 254 286 2,376 6,490 41,294 18,219 54,491 122,869 32 319 5,713 990 5,296 12,350 296 -78 1,044 361 1,779 26,292 39,034 221,850 34,641 327,578 649,397 738 -25,352 8,799 14,284 49,172 980 996 17,323 4,864 4,189 1,070 3,083 16,601 8,131 69 2,653 71 60,029 ------12 2 45 -429 732 --24 ---1,244 -9,619 175 -16,128 1,242 -8,639 5 -5,277 84 -7,012 179 -3,392 15 -50,067 1,699 3,390 2,108,216 112,145 (Table 11 continued on next page) Spruce Tamarack Ash Aspen 42,186 53,414 337,022 93,158 520,144 1,045,923 98,683 82,974 209,566 212,375 92,017 90,740 143,903 393,028 114,396 13,789 25,181 24,410 1,501,063 5,590 7,420 3,571 10 531 6,015 15,674 56,402 24,154 151 28,369 119,939 1,653 1,470 3,224 960 265 1,243 276,641 9,794 17,371 8,644 5,361 7,191 3,434 51,796 2,875,422 ---------------194,841 --------------------7,231 ---------2,692 411 -----10,335 -------------4,874 730 5,053 6,019 2,121 871 567 54,440 3,608 -336 -78,621 ------1,122 2,492 31,276 11,589 59,406 105,885 Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Aspen-Birch Carlton Cook Koochiching Lake St. Louis Total Northern Pine Aitkin Becker Beltrami Cass Clearwater Crow Wing Hubbard Itasca Lake of the Woods Mahnomen Roseau Wadena Total Central Hardwood Anoka Benton Chisago Douglas Goodhue Isanti Kanabec Mille Lacs Morrison Olmsted Otter Tail Pine Sherburne Stearns Todd Wabasha Washington Winona Total Prairie Kittson Marshall Norman Pennington Polk Red Lake Total State total N. whitecedar Balsam fir Jack pine Red pine Species group White pine Balsam poplar (Table 11 continued) Species group Yellow birch Elm 12 ----12 ---------------12 --------12 ------25 ---------------1 -------37 -------34 --11 --------11 ------23 19 -252 --------1,653 2 ---7 8 1,941 -------8,154 83 -162 ---44 82 ---2,386 11 ---34 13 2,816 -------6,634 82 -264 --10 -----267 ------624 -------899 -------------108 ------40 ----148 --540 ---48 196 ----784 --------------------------27 -12 --3 -----12 ------53 -------65 11 ----11 608 -26 1,405 4,026 6,065 711 -130 -2,192 3,034 264 ---10 275 12 ----12 30 ----30 ---------------30 --------30 ------59 -------89 Hickory ----------------------------------------------------------------------------Cottonwood Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Other hardwoods Forest Survey Unit BassWhite and county 1 wood Beech birch Aspen-Birch Carlton 88 -7,953 Cook --2,043 Koochiching --2,904 Lake --12,219 St. Louis --35,181 Total 88 -60,299 Northern Pine Aitkin --5,794 Becker --2,154 Beltrami 1,135 -9,661 Cass 63 -10,753 Clearwater 786 -2,786 Crow Wing --3,334 Hubbard --7,099 Itasca --12,808 Lake of the Woods --33 Mahnomen --14 Roseau --8 Wadena --95 Total 1,984 -54,539 Central Hardwood Anoka --259 Benton ---Chisago 88 -338 Douglas ---Goodhue ---Isanti ---Kanabec --276 Mille Lacs --17 Morrison --125 Olmsted ---Otter Tail --84 Pine 204 -6,544 Sherburne --24 Stearns ---Todd ---Wabasha ---Washington --202 Winona --14 Total 292 -7,883 Prairie Kittson ---Marshall --2 Norman ---Pennington ---Polk ---Red Lake --28 Total --30 State total 2,364 -122,750 1 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 1997. Table 12.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Wisconsin, 1997 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group White pine 273 519 267 447 1,573 2,573 516 2,493 156 2,256 11,072 664 229 888 232 217 306 132 716 45 1,079 117 391 5,016 2,892 113 1,853 381 2,266 1,214 1,001 1,036 1,207 1,868 1,103 2,569 2,846 20,348 101 -446 1,445 828 256 11 106 607 628 314 1,066 46 5,854 --1,221 354 -135 292 -175 369 -29 178 48 22 100 21 23 698 985 240 26 4,918 47,209 Forest Survey Unit and county 1 Northeastern Florence Forest Langlade Lincoln Marinette Menominee Oconto Oneida Shawano Vilas Total Northwestern Ashland Barron Bayfield Burnett Douglas Iron Polk Price Rusk Sawyer Taylor Washburn Total Central Adams Chippewa Clark Eau Claire Jackson Juneau Marathon Marquette Monroe Portage Waupaca Waushara Wood Total Southwestern Buffalo Crawford Dunn Grant Iowa La Crosse Pepin Pierce Richland Sauk St. Croix Trempealeau Vernon Total Southeastern Brown Calumet Columbia Dane Dodge Door Fond Du Lac Green Green Lake Jefferson Kenosha Kewaunee Manitowoc Outagamie Ozaukee Racine Rock Sheboygan Walworth Washington Waukesha Winnebago Total State total All species 51,793 121,110 126,500 125,302 102,599 75,860 59,718 133,914 23,687 159,890 980,373 72,784 16,812 177,236 64,324 185,356 108,616 24,861 116,409 71,432 157,092 64,411 74,653 1,133,985 69,881 25,690 92,225 27,899 66,750 63,938 55,617 17,958 30,237 36,342 18,447 27,498 44,181 576,664 5,499 175 16,057 7,836 18,099 2,421 1,018 546 1,574 6,905 9,166 9,903 1,140 80,340 1,529 9 11,433 1,485 39 6,572 1,106 198 1,497 1,947 14 375 2,392 1,470 43 188 521 483 2,630 1,900 3,304 434 39,567 2,810,929 N. whitecedar 14 ----448 ----462 ----------------------------------------------------------------462 Balsam fir 1,084 4,153 7,333 2,992 1,414 2,799 1,550 6,310 106 4,517 32,257 5,177 11 4,927 259 12,514 4,071 66 7,338 644 5,815 2,520 1,142 44,484 11 22 --23 -235 --261 --28 581 --14 11 -----14 69 --107 14 --------80 --17 -------15 -125 77,555 Hemlock 5,209 1,714 994 758 232 9,071 282 375 983 752 20,369 218 71 82 27 14 391 -978 73 384 885 -3,124 -89 --28 -1,840 --221 11 11 149 2,348 ---------7 9 --17 ----11 15 ---14 14 -----------53 25,911 Jack pine 2,426 980 190 2,751 21,973 4,246 2,418 8,119 71 39,956 83,131 210 55 42,651 24,240 39,975 561 6,149 6,064 256 1,849 20 12,059 134,091 30,909 136 4,037 5,585 14,766 30,922 1,611 1,944 10,651 4,810 74 1,070 5,078 111,593 126 -2,027 729 118 261 9 -80 1,563 413 86 6 5,420 24 -2,197 28 -15 --15 ----13 -----76 308 -2,676 336,911 Red pine 4,904 4,357 3,667 6,073 17,505 8,106 7,918 11,603 3,279 11,018 78,429 2,182 1,326 8,421 7,183 21,626 1,286 1,740 3,762 1,059 5,427 1,377 10,560 65,950 21,993 2,677 4,877 7,244 11,111 13,177 5,284 12,451 6,400 16,533 5,169 22,009 8,658 137,582 814 -6,969 5,235 2,336 1,293 102 268 184 3,532 2,613 3,767 553 27,665 1,204 -5,459 347 -132 110 198 690 775 -154 187 339 11 13 480 370 1,429 673 2,263 398 15,232 324,858 Spruce 797 2,948 2,529 1,008 468 1,127 2,536 4,727 61 1,629 17,832 7,334 53 2,403 303 2,893 1,975 159 1,725 527 4,012 513 194 22,090 100 58 119 47 145 -957 10 -69 125 73 777 2,481 --76 378 16 9 -38 3 -282 196 63 1,060 --116 13 -97 68 --61 -----75 -60 32 96 202 -820 44,284 Tamarack 114 85 582 232 387 300 12 609 82 343 2,746 433 26 559 11 104 168 -2,416 360 528 503 36 5,145 79 -16 17 15 -11 22 39 23 ---221 -------------------------------------8,112 Ash 787 5,362 5,688 5,089 1,323 3,710 610 4,483 1,187 4,819 33,058 2,452 397 2,817 394 2,035 3,000 304 5,195 2,624 6,761 3,211 688 29,879 575 538 2,694 557 1,439 426 2,578 145 539 452 981 119 476 11,518 80 3 240 3 1,461 19 19 7 22 44 209 170 13 2,290 Aspen 16,705 35,111 44,303 53,574 32,160 23,888 29,515 42,787 13,291 36,233 327,569 31,642 9,907 76,121 25,217 67,814 59,458 11,770 37,819 36,933 60,356 24,831 38,972 480,840 5,239 14,783 45,940 6,957 15,035 2,611 21,711 310 3,897 7,393 4,955 582 19,481 148,895 3,746 8 3,390 -2,541 398 577 52 270 277 2,756 3,195 239 17,448 Balsam poplar 809 1,250 250 179 1,278 476 734 247 2 339 5,563 4 2 145 2 208 12 5 72 32 12 12 5 512 -4 4 1 1 -13 1 1 5 1 -1 33 --1 -31 -3 -3 2 -2 3 44 -243 23 1 --59 676 -72 52 --9 -151 2,519 281 14 282 3 ---37 289 3 33 239 3 ---14 158 -161 232 -159 507 -4 -----2 --1 14 -17 239 3 11 --12 --4 --751 5,459 316 77,496 980,212 6,468 (Table 12 continued on next page) (Table 12 continued) Species group Forest Survey Unit BassWhite and county 1 wood Beech birch Northeastern Florence 922 530 4,352 Forest 2,095 1,162 12,266 Langlade 2,720 646 17,619 Lincoln 8,203 145 11,785 Marinette 1,176 647 6,791 Menominee 356 304 4,123 Oconto 1,033 364 3,601 Oneida 11,185 154 16,411 Shawano 108 39 1,446 Vilas 4,460 533 17,698 Total 32,258 4,524 96,093 Northwestern Ashland 602 36 5,625 Barron 177 2 1,772 Bayfield 3,115 1 16,248 Burnett 269 -2,594 Douglas 780 1 22,005 Iron 632 661 6,715 Polk 398 -1,206 Price 4,341 36 14,479 Rusk 2,568 27 7,707 Sawyer 1,828 50 24,534 Taylor 964 132 5,794 Washburn 571 1 3,828 Total 16,248 946 112,507 Central Adams 68 -707 Chippewa 776 1 2,178 Clark 526 18 6,922 Eau Claire 166 -1,422 Jackson 460 -2,737 Juneau 112 -720 Marathon 751 98 3,275 Marquette 63 -256 Monroe 182 7 766 Portage 238 5 786 Waupaca 129 24 1,090 Waushara 21 -139 Wood 88 3 1,017 Total 3,582 156 22,015 Southwestern Buffalo 32 -175 Crawford 4 -9 Dunn 171 -767 Grant --6 Iowa 1,948 -2,377 La Crosse 9 -33 Pepin 122 -70 Pierce 8 -36 Richland 121 -46 Sauk 83 -84 St. Croix 48 -1,137 Trempealeau 142 -289 Vernon 120 -19 Total 2,810 -5,048 Southeastern Brown 17 -1 Calumet 1 -2 Columbia 18 -121 Dane --69 Dodge 5 --Door 214 114 774 Fond Du Lac 122 4 88 Green ---Green Lake 120 -46 Jefferson 122 -60 Kenosha ---Kewaunee --13 Manitowoc 25 63 372 Outagamie 25 -169 Ozaukee --4 Racine ---Rock --5 Sheboygan 7 -2 Walworth 120 -27 Washington 1 -12 Waukesha --12 Winnebago --4 Total 797 180 1,779 State total 55,694 5,807 237,442 1 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 1997. Yellow birch 488 2,192 1,838 1,062 651 1,340 363 607 310 1,307 10,158 572 79 421 59 303 1,297 73 701 488 1,541 970 110 6,613 25 100 543 85 132 31 734 21 54 111 260 24 99 2,220 13 1 40 2 1 -2 -3 3 43 4 1 112 --7 9 -94 2 -7 3 -3 70 31 1 ---1 2 1 1 234 19,338 Cottonwood 5 15 48 188 2 3 12 260 2 82 617 5 3 64 3 7 -5 76 325 12 66 5 570 -163 31 1 1 -14 1 1 5 1 -1 220 ----33 -3 -3 2 -2 3 45 ------3 -3 3 --------3 ---12 1,465 Elm 409 4,284 3,198 3,977 86 1,195 405 376 203 3,138 17,271 1,169 79 183 22 118 3,040 17 1,361 1,194 1,246 4,110 53 12,592 11 207 691 45 87 20 2,796 11 233 169 739 5 97 5,112 6 -13 4 113 2 5 -2 3 13 13 5 177 --4 ---1 -1 2 ---2 ----1 ---11 35,163 Hickory --26 134 1 3 -168 1 104 439 4 6 56 8 10 --158 30 27 27 10 336 7 10 13 13 52 12 21 4 20 1 10 1 1 167 2 -3 -104 1 1 -1 2 3 11 1 129 --2 ---1 -1 1 ---2 ----1 ---7 1,080 Hard maple 6,979 23,112 18,156 12,167 8,180 6,070 4,590 10,530 1,217 15,288 106,287 7,051 1,045 7,349 1,040 5,258 13,764 857 14,129 8,061 19,286 9,004 1,876 88,722 1,770 1,748 7,961 1,379 3,331 1,157 5,690 293 1,269 1,033 1,161 73 1,413 28,278 186 9 668 11 2,244 31 40 12 48 85 543 291 22 4,192 1 2 126 151 -1,200 59 -28 85 -2 671 63 --6 2 23 8 31 -2,458 229,937 Soft maple 4,180 15,740 12,574 9,290 4,754 4,804 2,788 6,355 912 10,327 71,724 5,981 1,082 5,978 1,417 8,214 9,331 951 9,024 6,152 17,111 7,469 3,464 76,174 1,652 1,377 6,300 951 2,320 927 5,008 210 997 811 1,019 48 1,097 22,717 120 6 707 9 1,154 16 26 7 30 50 486 166 13 2,791 2 1 79 150 -674 31 -17 66 -2 367 39 --4 1 13 8 31 -1,487 174,892 Red oak 336 1,972 2,319 4,099 998 347 185 4,752 138 3,664 18,808 859 345 3,528 772 804 1,021 730 4,704 1,635 3,209 1,352 483 19,443 2,897 506 7,118 2,279 10,241 10,208 1,487 889 3,308 1,167 1,187 549 2,232 44,068 74 100 402 1 2,413 72 22 11 113 406 157 409 28 4,209 -2 1,030 217 10 55 20 -42 26 --13 56 --1 2 20 25 171 -1,691 88,219 White oak 151 1,108 1,084 712 597 213 65 743 67 837 5,578 518 123 1,088 245 406 556 290 849 580 1,834 436 167 7,092 923 167 2,493 728 2,416 2,369 428 280 615 370 380 200 629 11,998 18 33 111 1 106 15 3 -34 114 62 67 4 569 --312 24 3 34 1 -20 5 ---9 --1 -1 2 19 -430 25,667 Other hardwoods 322 683 469 436 403 358 221 619 26 590 4,127 43 21 192 25 51 370 8 467 111 189 98 35 1,609 20 35 70 41 145 33 72 11 53 9 28 4 10 530 7 -12 -275 4 2 1 2 6 11 28 2 351 --7 --69 4 -2 2 --38 6 ----2 ---130 6,747 Table 13.--Central States pulpwood production by State and destination, 1993-1997 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) Illinois Destination Central Other Year Total States States 1993 55 25 30 1994 76 33 43 1995 81 33 48 1996 95 53 41 1997 70 21 49 * Less than 500 standard cords. Total 143 147 310 149 175 Total 13 22 23 23 35 Indiana Destination Central Other States States 47 96 51 96 212 98 44 105 70 105 Iowa Destination Central Other States States 13 -22 * 22 2 22 1 31 4 Total 78 88 113 126 133 Missouri Destination Central Other States States 13 65 19 69 12 101 11 115 11 122 ble 14.--Trends in receipts of roundwood and residue as pulpwood, Central States, 1993-199 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) Product form and State Roundwood Indiana, Iowa, Missouri Residue Indiana, Iowa, Missouri All wood material 1993 28 71 99 1994 42 86 127 1995 54 243 297 1996 62 70 132 1997 58 83 142 Piva, Ronald J. 1999. Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1997. Resour. Bull. NC-195. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 37 p. Discusses 1997 production and receipts and recent production for other years in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents 1997 production and receipt data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri, and shows five production classes by county. Includes the 1997 production and receipts for the Plains States by species group and kind of material. KEY WORDS: Roundwood, whole-tree chips, residue, pulpwood, particleboard, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Plains States. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) 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