Fine Particulate PM Ambient Monitoring Data

Fine Particulate (PM2.5) Ambient Monitoring Data Clean Air Council April 14, 2004 Long Term Trend in Particulate Levels 1971 - 2002 Smoke Shade used as a surrogate for particulate matter 1.4 Coefficient of Haze (COH) 1.2 1 0.8 PM10 Standard In Effect 0.6 TSP Standard in Effect 0.4 0.2 0 PM2.5 Standard in Effect 19 71 19 73 19 75 19 77 19 79 19 81 19 83 19 85 19 87 19 89 19 91 19 93 19 95 19 97 19 99 20 01 20 03 National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5 • Annual Standard of 15 ug/m3 • 24-hour Standard of 65 ug/m3 PM 2.5 1999 Annual Average Concentrations Federal Standard is 15 g/m3 Paterson 12.3 Fort Lee 13.7 Chester 10.6 Newark Lab 16.1 Union City 19.6 Newark Downtown 15.9 Jersey City 16.1 Phillipsburg 11.9 Elizabeth Lab 16.1 Elizabeth Downtown 15.1 Rahway 15.2 New Brunswick 11.5 Morristown 14.8 # # # # # # # # # # # # # Washington Crossing 11.1 Trenton 13.3 # # # # Pennsauken 13.9 Camden 13.7 Greenwich Twp. 14.4 # # Toms River 10.4 Preliminary data – do not quote or cite PM 2.5 2000 Annual Average Concentrations Federal Standard is 15 g/m3 Paterson 13.6 Fort Lee 14.6 Chester 11.1 Union City 17.1 Newark Downtown 15.6 Jersey City 16.8 Phillipsburg 14.0 Elizabeth Lab 16.9 Elizabeth Downtown 15.2 Rahway 14.1 New Brunswic k 13.0 Morristown 12.9 # # # # # # # # # # # # Washington Crossing 12.1 Trenton 14.7 # # # # Pennsauken 15.4 Camden 14.9 Greenwich Twp. 15.2 # # Toms River 11.7 Preliminary data – do not quote or cite PM 2.5 2001 Annual Average Concentrations Federal Standard is 15 g/m3 Paterson 12.7 Fort Lee 13.3 Chester 10.6 Newark Lab 15.3 Union City 15.2 Newark Downtown 13.1 Jersey City 14.6 Phillipsburg 12.7 Elizabeth Lab 15.7 Elizabeth Downtown 12.6 Rahway 13.5 New Brunswick 11.7 Morristown 11.7 # # # # # # # # # # # # Washington Crossing 11.2 Trenton 13.2 # # # # Pennsauken 12.8 Camden 13.0 Greenwich Twp. 12.4 # # Toms River 10.5 # Atlantic City 11.2 Preliminary data – do not quote or cite PM 2.5 2002 Annual Average Concentrations Federal Standard is 15 g/m3 Paterson 12.9 Fort Lee 13.0 Chester 10.5 Newark Lab 14.1 Union City 16.8 Phillipsburg 12.7 Jersey City 14.3 Newark Downtown 13.2 Elizabeth Lab 14.7 Elizabeth Downtown 13.1 Rahway 12.4 New Brunswick 11.1 Morristown 11.5 # # # # # # # # # # # # Washington Crossing 11.5 Trenton 13.0 # # # # Pennsauken 13.9 Camden 13.3 Greenwich Twp. 12.3 # # Toms River 10.8 Atlantic City 10.7 # Preliminary data – do not quote or cite PM 2.5 2003 Annual Average Concentrations Federal Standard is 15 g/m3 Morristown 12.2 # Paterson 13.3 Fort Lee 13.3 # # # # # # # Chester 10.7 Newark Lab 13.1 Jersey City 14.8 Phillipsburg 13.5 Newark Downtown 14.1 Elizabeth Lab 16.0 Elizabeth Downtown 14.0 Rahway 13.3 New Brunswick 13.0 # # # # Washington Crossing 12.0 Trenton 13.5 # # # # Pennsauken 13.9 Camden 16.3 Greenwich Twp. 13.8 # # Toms River 11.6 Atlantic City 12.0 # Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Fine Particle Concentration Trends (2000-2003) 100.0 90.0 Preliminary data – do not quote or cite 80.0 70.0 Concentration ( g/m3) 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 20.0 10.0 0.0 Winter 2000 4/4/00 Summer 2000 8/2/00 Winter 2001 3/30/01 Summer 7/28/01 Winter 2002 11/25/01 3/25/02 Summer 2002 7/23/02 Winter 2004 3/20/03 Summer 7/18/03 11/15/03 12/6/99 11/30/00 11/20/02 Date Average Fine Particle Concentration 90 day Moving Average Seasonal Variation of Fine Particle Concentration (2000-2003) 25.0 20.0 ( Fine Particle Concentration  g/m ) 3 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Month Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Diurnal Variation of Particulate Concentration in New Jersey 25.00 Fine Particulate Concentration (  g/m 3) 20.00 15.00 Annual Winter Summer 10.00 5.00 0.00 Hour Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Average Fine Particle Analyte Concentrations (Highest 7 Analytes at Each Site) 7.00 6.00 Concentration ( g/m 3) 5.00 Organic carbon Sulfate 4.00 Nitrate Ammonium Elemental carbon 3.00 Sodium Silicon 2.00 Iron 1.00 0.00 New Brunswick Elizabeth Camden Chester Site Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Canadian Fire Episode July 6 - 8, 2002 1-Hour Avegage PM2.5 Concentrations 180 160 140 Micrograms per cubic meter 120 100 80 60 40 Camden 1-hr Newark 1-hr Elizabeth 1-hr New Brunswick 1-hr 20 0 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 9: 00 12 :0 0 15 :0 0 18 :0 0 21 :0 0 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 9: 00 12 :0 0 15 :0 0 18 :0 0 21 :0 0 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 9: 00 12 :0 0 15 :0 0 18 :0 0 21 :0 0 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Canadian Fire Episode July 7 & 8, 2002 24-hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations 120 100 Micrograms per cubic meter 80 Unhealthy 60 40 Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Camden 24-hr Newark 24-hr Elizabeth 24-hr New Brunswick 24-hr 20 0 0: 00 2: 00 4: 00 6: 00 8: 00 10 :0 0 12 :0 0 14 :0 0 16 :0 0 18 :0 0 20 :0 0 22 :0 0 0: 00 2: 00 4: 00 6: 00 8: 00 10 :0 0 12 :0 0 14 :0 0 16 :0 0 18 :0 0 20 :0 0 22 :0 0 0: 00 2: 00 4: 00 6: 00 8: 00 Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Fine Particle Concentrations July 7, 2002 Paterson - 77 Phillipsburg - 85 Morristown - 83 Chester - 84 Newark- 83 Rahway - 86 Fort Lee Library - 78 Jersey City - 81 Elizabeth - 87 New Brunswick - 86 Washington Crossing - 66 Trenton - 86 Toms River - 84 Pennsauken - 94 Camden - 95 Greenwich Township - 102 Atlantic City - 120 Preliminary data – do not quote or cite 24 - Hour Concentrations of PM2.5 in micrograms per cubic meter Concentration (ug/m3 or ppb) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 0 Camden PM2.5 Camden Ozone Fine Particle and Ozone Levels July 6 - 9, 2002 Camden, New Jersey 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 9: 00 12 :0 0 15 :0 0 18 :0 0 21 :0 0 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 9: 00 12 :0 0 15 :0 0 18 :0 0 21 :0 0 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 9: 00 12 :0 0 15 :0 0 18 :0 0 21 :0 0 0: 00 3: 00 6: 00 9: 00 12 :0 0 15 :0 0 18 :0 0 21 :0 0 Average Composition of Fine Particles at New Brunswick Sodium Silicon Elemental carbon 1.4% 0.6% 5.1% Ammonium 12.9% Organic carbon 33.8% Nitrate 14.2% Sulfate 32.0% Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Speciated PM2.5 Particles at New Brunswick New Jersey 7/7/02 (Canadian forest fire) PotassiumElemental carbon Nitrate Sodium 1.2% 2.0% 1.2% 0.3% Ammonium 2.6% Sulfate 4.5% Organic carbon 88.2% Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Web Content: Current Readings Correlation Between Teom and FRM Methods 120.00 100.00 Teom Concentration ( g/m 3) 80.00 60.00 r = 0.897 y = 0.906x + 2.092 40.00 20.00 0.00 0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00 90.00 100.00 FRM Concentration ( g/m 3) Preliminary data – do not quote or cite Particulate Episode November 18 & 19, 1996 Elizabeth, New Jersey 4 1-Hour Avg. 3.5 24-Hour Avg. 3 Coeffiecient of Haze (COHS) 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 Web map at 1 pm on November 18 Web map at 2 am on November 19 Index Value 100 120 140 20 40 60 80 0 Unhealthy Level Ozone and PM2.5 Index Values May 6 - 10, 2000 Time 8-Hr. Ozone 24-Hr. PM2.6 1: 00 4: 00 7: 00 10 :0 0 13 :0 0 16 :0 0 19 :0 0 22 :0 0 1: 00 4: 00 7: 00 10 :0 0 13 :0 0 16 :0 0 19 :0 0 22 :0 0 1: 00 4: 00 7: 00 10 :0 0 13 :0 0 16 :0 0 19 :0 0 22 :0 0 1: 00 4: 00 7: 00 10 :0 0 13 :0 0 16 :0 0 19 :0 0 22 :0 0 1: 00 4: 00 7: 00 P Composition of Fine Particles Brigantine, N.J. Formed from NOx Emitted From Regional and Local Sources, Highway Vehicles and Off-Road Diesel Mobile Sources, reacting with ammonia Nitrate 11% Sulfate 52% Soil 4% Combustion Related 33% Diesels - Highway Diesels - Off Road Aircraft & Railway Gasoline Combustion Incineration, Open Burning Residential Wood Burning Structural Fires Utility/Commercial Fuel Combustion PM formed from Organic Gases Formed From SO2 Transported from Regional and Local Sources; Oil and Coal-fired Utility and Commercial/ Institutional Boilers, Small Combustion Sources, reacting with Ammonia Wind Erosion, Agricultural Tilling, Paved and Unpaved Roads and Construction Activities Source: IMPROVE Report - July 1996 Measured Fine Aerosol Mass Budgets (in %) at the Brigantine, New Jersey IMPROVE Site. 1996 Annual Fine Mass Average = 11.0 g/m3 Sulfates 52% Nitrates 11% Soils 4% Combustion Related 33% 2000 Annual Fine Mass Average = 9.9 g/m3 Sulfates 59% Nitrates 8% Combustion Related Soils 29% 4% Visibility Camera At hazecam.net Conclusions • All sites are meeting the 24-hour health standard • Most sites meeting the annual health standard most years • Concentrations usually peak in the summer • Diurnal variations show morning peak Conclusions (cont.) • On average, carbon, sulfate and nitrate predominate – much of this is secondary • Episodes can have a very different makeup • FRM/Continuous correlations could be better, method improvements are coming • Fine particulates are the primary cause of visibility degradation