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Engineering Design
Introduction to Engineering Design
GE121
Introduction to Engineering
Design:
Roles, Players and Terminology
Lecture 1B
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011
1
Design
People have been designing objects for
Introduction to Engineering Design
as far back as we have archaeological
evidence
Flint knives, Basic Tools etc.
Other forms of Design exist
Interior Design (carpet, decorating)…
What is Engineering Design? How does
it fit into the bigger picture of design?
Develop context and vocabulary
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 2
Where / When do Engineers Design?
Food Processing and Distribution Industry
Introduction to Engineering Design
New container for a juice product
Design and Construction Industry
Part of a bridge on a larger highway project
Automobile Manufacturer
Heads-up instrumentation cluster
School System
Specialized facilities to accommodate
students with disabilities
Can go on and on with examples
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 3
Where / When do Engineers Design?
Introduction to Engineering Design
Are there common elements in these
diverse situations and task?
YES!
Commonalities make it possible to:
Describe design process generically
Describe the context in which it occurs
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 4
Roles / Players in the Design Process
Introduction to Engineering Design
3 Roles must be considered
Designer
That’s us!
Fig 1.1 p2 (text)
Client (motivator for the design)
Group / company that wants design conceived
Internal (within company) or External (outside)
Presents a Problem or Project Statement
Begins the design process
Project Statement may be verbal and vague
Designer must clarify and turn into useful form
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 5
Roles / Players (cont’d)
User
Introduction to Engineering Design
Person or group of people
Will use the artifact (object, device, system)
Consumers who buy new juice
Drivers on the new highway
Drivers of new car
Disabled students and teachers
The Public – may raise ethical issues
Important to consult users! – Design won’t be
successful if it doesn’t meet user needs!
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 6
Roles / Players (cont’d)
Designer must understand the client and
Introduction to Engineering Design
user needs
Client should understand user needs and
communicate them to designer, if not
designer may have to identify the user
needs
Ideally designers and clients must both
understand user needs
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 7
Variations in Design Environments
Introduction to Engineering Design
Large or small organizations
Large manufacturers or small start-up ventures
Government agencies
Engineering Service Firms / Consultants
Project may be large or small
May involve large number of colleagues / data
You may only work on small, detailed / confined portion
of a large design (detailed design)
User needs are taken into account at project start-up
for large projects (conceptual design)
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 8
Solution Variations – User/Client Dependent
Introduction to Engineering Design
Variations in artifacts due to different
interpretations of project statements and
user needs
Air Planes - Wheel Chairs
Fig. 1.2 p2
2nd ed Fig. 1.3 p4
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 9
Solution Variations – User/Client Dependent
Sky Scrapers
Introduction to Engineering Design
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 10
Diverging Interests & Conflicting Obligations
Introduction to Engineering Design
Interests of Designers, Clients and Users
could diverge
Thin metal juice can may be most inexpensive
May be easily recyclable
Sharp edges when crushed – safety hazard
Thickness affects sharp edges of crushed
cans, but also cost
They are always multiple criteria to
consider to identify the final design
Often many feasible and successful designs
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 11
Diverging Interests & Conflicting Obligations
Introduction to Engineering Design
Regulated profession – Engineering Act
Obligations to Profession and the Public
Engineering Society code of ethics
Public safety
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 12
Design Teams & Interdisciplinary Design
Introduction to Engineering Design
Design Teams very common in engineering
Many engineering problems are inherently
multidisciplinary
Examples - machines (electrical / mechanical)
- medical instrumentation
Understand clients/users/technologies in very
different environments
Requires assembling teams with necessary
expertise
Use of teams necessitates discussion of
management of design projects
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 13
Engineering Design Vocabulary
Introduction to Engineering Design
A Definition of Engineering Design
Could fill many books with different definitions
and models of engineering design
We will examine a formal definition used by the
text
“Engineering Design is the systematic,
intelligent generation and evaluation of
specifications for artifacts whose form and
function achieve stated objectives and
satisfy constraints.” p6 of text
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 14
Defining Terms
Artifacts – human-made objects (things or
Introduction to Engineering Design
devices that we are designing)
Most often physical (planes, wheelchairs, etc.)
Sometimes also ‘paper’ products – drawings,
plans, computer software, articles, books
Increasingly ‘soft’ – electronic files that become
‘real’ when displayed on a computer screen
Form – shape or geometry of an artifact or
the layout of a user interface
Function – those things that an artifact is
supposed to do
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 15
Defining Terms (cont’d)
Introduction to Engineering Design
Specifications – precise descriptions of
the properties of the object being designed
Typically numerical values of performance
parameters (indicators of artifact’s behavior)
OR attributes (properties or characteristics of
the artifact)
Example: Ladder design – unextended length
of 1.5 metres is a geometric attribute, and the
ability to access 3 metre heights is a
performance specification
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 16
Defining Terms (cont’d)
Introduction to Engineering Design
Design Specifications
The set of values that articulates what a
design is supposed to do
Basis for evaluating proposed designs
(targets against which the success of a
design can be measured)
Acceptance tests are usually written into the
document.
Design Specifications are found through
systematic, thoughtful generation
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 17
Design Techniques / Tools / Processes
Introduction to Engineering Design
Systematic and Intelligent, yet still must
support Creativity
Help us think clearly
Make better decisions
Ways of asking questions and presenting
and viewing the answers to those questions
Managing and organizing resources needed
to complete a design project on time and
within budget
Communication &documentation are key to
successful design
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 18
Design Languages
Introduction to Engineering Design
Mathematics
Science: physics, chemistry, biology, etc.
Sketching
Speech
Writing
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 19
Activity
Introduction to Engineering Design
List at least 3 questions you would ask if
you were, respectively, a user who is about
purchase: a client who is about to
manufacture: or a designer who was about
to design a travel alarm clock
Read pp 7-17 of the text.
GE 121 Engineering Design--2011 20
