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United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service North Central Research Station Resource Bulletin NC-214 Pulpwood Production in the North-Central Region, 1999 Ronald J. Piva North Central Research Station Forest Service—U.S. Department of Agriculture 1992 Folwell Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 2003 www.ncrs.fs.fed.us CONTENTS Page Lake States ............................................................................................................. 3 Production ............................................................................................................. 3 Receipts ............................................................................................................... 14 Industry Trends and Analysis................................................................................ 16 Central States ........................................................................................................ 21 Production ............................................................................................................ 21 Receipts ............................................................................................................... 22 Industry Trends and Analysis................................................................................ 22 Plains States .......................................................................................................... 25 Production ............................................................................................................ 25 Appendix ................................................................................................................ 27 Table Titles ............................................................................................................. 28 Tables ..................................................................................................................... 29 Pulpwood Production in the North-Central Region, 1999 Ronald J. Piva NOTE: This report includes all primary products made from reconstituted wood fiber. In addition to wood pulp, this includes particleboard and engineered lumber products made from chips, shavings, wafers, flakes, strands, and sawdust. This report presents the production by county of the raw fiber material delivered to mills. Thus, these data report only that portion of the timber harvest used as raw material and do not necessarily reflect the volume of growing stock harvested. Pulpwood constitutes more than half the industrial timber products harvested annually in the Lake States (Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin) and is an important product in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) and the Plains States (Kansas, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota). Current detailed information about pulpwood production1 is necessary for intelligent planning and decisionmaking in wood procurement, forest resource management, forest industry development, and scientific studies. Since 1979, we have included logs, bolts, and wood residue used in manufacturing flakeboard, waferboard, oriented strandboard, and medium density fiberboard in this annual report. Engineered lumber was first included in this report in 1992. Together, these products are called particleboard, and all mills manufacturing these boards are called particleboard mills in this report. Wood used at particleboard mills is identical or nearly identical to wood used at pulp mills; therefore, including this wood in our study provides a more accurate estimate of demand for pulpwood-like material. Pulpwood production, determined from mill receipts, is the annual volume of pulpwood cut, plus the annual wood residue volume produced by sawmills, veneer mills, etc. used for pulp, particleboard, waferboard, oriented strandboard, medium density fiberboard, or engineered lumber. 1 Particleboard mills were in their infancy before 1979 and used primarily aspen and wood residue. Therefore, data for these mills do not distort roundwood use trends for other species or preclude comparing 1999 survey results with those of 1978 and previous years. Pulp and particleboard mills using timber from the North Central States in 1999 reported their pulpwood receipts2 by species group and county of origin. This report presents the results of the survey, analyzes the data, compares results with those of 1998 and earlier years, and discusses trends in pulpwood production and use. The Lake States, Central States, and Plains States are discussed separately because the timber types in each area are different, the flow of wood between the areas is nominal, and more detailed data on pulpwood production and receipts in the Central and Plains States might reveal the operations of individual mills. This is the 41st annual report of the pulpwood harvest in Lake States counties, the 40th annual report of the Central States harvest, and the 7th report of the pulpwood harvest in the Plains States. About the Author: Ronald J. Piva, Forester, received a B.S. degree in forest management from the University of MissouriColumbia. He joined the Forest Service in 1987 and has been working with the North Central Station's Forest Inventory and Analysis unit since. Pulpwood receipts are the volumes of wood received by mills in a specific State or region, regardless of the geographic source. 2 Several mills purchase their pulpwood based on weight rather than volume. Factors used to convert green tons of pulpwood to standard cord equivalents are shown in the appendix. When new surveys are completed, errors and omissions from previous surveys are corrected. As a result of our ongoing efforts to improve the survey’s efficiency and reliability, changes may have been made to the previous survey’s data. All comparisons and analysis in this report are based on the reprocessed data from earlier surveys, which may not match earlier published data. 2 LAKE STATES PRODUCTION • Pulpwood production in the Lake States as a whole increased by almost 4 percent from 1998 to 1999, to 9.6 million cords3. Of each cord produced, 89 percent came from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) and 11 percent came from the residue4 of wood-using plants (fig. 1). • Hardwood material constituted 77 percent of the total pulpwood production. • Principal species of roundwood harvested in 1999 were aspen (4.1 million cords), soft maple (669 thousand cords), hard maple (665 thousand cords), jack pine (549 thousand cords), and white birch (439 thousand cords) (table 1). • Aspen remained the dominant species of pulpwood roundwood harvested—49 percent of the total roundwood produced in the Lake States in 1999. • Softwood roundwood production decreased by 11 thousand cords from 1998 to 1999. Pulpwood production from softwood residues rose by 81 thousand cords, an increase of 22 percent from the previous year (fig. 2). Other softwoods 1% Sprucefir 6% Residues 10% Pine 11% Figure 1.—Lake States Aspen 44% pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1999. Other hardwoods 8% Birch 5% Maple 15% All references to cords are in standard cords. A standard cord is 128 cubic feet of wood, bark, and air space. 3 Residue is the byproduct from sawmills, veneer mills, cooperage mills, and other wood-using mills that is used for pulping and particleboard. Residue includes slabs, edgings, veneer cores, sawdust, fines, woodflour, and chips manufactured from slabs, edgings, and veneer cores. 4 3 1998 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Jack pine Red pine Balsam fir Spruce Hemlock Species 1999 Thousand standard cords White pine Tamarack N. whitecedar Softwood residues Figure 2.—Softwood pulpwood production in the Lake States, 1998-1999. • Hardwood roundwood production increased by 4 percent, from 6,464 thousand cords in 1998 to 6,732 thousand cords in 1999. Pulpwood production from hardwood residue increased by 1 percent during the same period (fig. 3). • Whole-tree chip5 (WTC) production made up 7 percent of the total pulpwood production or 674 thousand cords in the Lake States in 1999, less than a 1-percent decrease from the previous year. Compared to 1998 production levels, hardwood WTC production in 1999 increased by 1 percent and softwood WTC production decreased by 17 percent (fig. 4). • Michigan was the major producer of WTC in the Lake States in 1999 with 433 thousand cords (64 percent of the WTC production) (fig. 5). • Aspen was the predominant species used in WTC in 1999 with 255 thousand cords or 38 percent of the total WTC production. • Jack pine was the predominant softwood species used in WTC in 1999, making up 80 percent of the softwood WTC production and 9 percent of the total WTC production. Michigan • Michigan pulpwood production rose by 30 thousand cords to 3.1 million cords in 1999, an increase of just under 1 percent from 1998 (fig. 6 and table 2). • In 1999, hardwoods accounted for 76 percent of Michigan’s pulpwood production. • Roundwood production for pulpwood decreased by 1 percent from 1998 to 1999, to 2.6 million cords (table 3). • The Western Upper Peninsula was the topproducing region in the State in 1999 with 43 percent of the roundwood harvested (fig. 7 and table 4). • Marquette County in the Western Upper Peninsula was the top producer of roundwood in the State with 246 thousand cords (table 5). 5 Pulpwood produced from chipping entire trees (all portions of the trees aboveground, except the stumps). 4 1998 4,500 4,000 1999 Thousand standard cords 3,500 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Aspen Hard maple Soft maple White birch Balsam poplar Red oak Basswood Ash Other hardwoods Hardwood residues Species Figure 3.—Hardwood pulpwood production in the Lake States, 1998-1999. Aspen 350 Thousand standard cords Maple Other hardwoods Softwoods 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1996 1997 Inventory year 1998 1999 Figure 4.—Whole-tree chip production in the Lake States, 1995-1999. 5 Michigan 180 Minnesota Wisconsin Thousand standard cords 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods Species Softwoods Figure 5.—Whole-tree chip production by State in the Lake States, 1999. 1995 1,500 1996 1997 1998 1999 Thousand standard cords 1,000 500 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods State Pine Other softwoods Residues Figure 6.—Michigan pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1995-1999. 6 E. Upper Peninsula 500 W. Upper Peninsula N. Lower Peninsula S. Lower Peninsula Thousand standard cords 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods Species Pine Other softwoods Figure 7.—Michigan roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species groups, 1999. • From 1998 to 1999, roundwood pulpwood production increased by 6 percent in the Eastern Upper Peninsula, decreased by 1 percent in both the Western Upper Peninsula and Southern Lower Peninsula, and decreased by 6 percent in the Northern Lower Peninsula. • The production of pulpwood from residues increased by 17 percent from 1998 to 1999, rising from 414 thousand cords to 483 thousand cords. Minnesota • Pulpwood production increased by 4 percent from 1998 to 1999, from 3.0 million cords to 3.1 million cords (fig. 8). • Hardwoods accounted for 83 percent of the total pulpwood produced in 1999. • Ninety-five percent of the pulpwood produced came from roundwood. • The Northern Pine and the Aspen-Birch Units were the top pulpwood-producing roundwood regions in the State in 1999 with 1.4 million cords and 1.2 million cords, respectively (fig. 9). • St. Louis County in the Aspen-Birch Unit remained the top roundwood-producing county with 582 thousand cords, followed by Itasca County in the Northern Pine Unit with 429 thousand cords (table 6). • Aspen pulpwood production increased by 8 percent between 1998 and 1999. Aspen accounted for 80 percent of all the roundwood harvested for pulpwood in Minnesota. • From 1998 to 1999, pulpwood production from softwood residues decreased by 15 percent and hardwood residue use decreased by 9 percent. Overall, the use of mill residues produced in Minnesota and used for pulpwood production decreased by 12 percent. 7 1995 2,500 1996 1997 1998 1999 Thousand standard cords 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Aspen Other hardwoods Spruce-fir Species Other softwoods Residues Figure 8.—Minnesota pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1995-1999. Aspen 1,200 Thousand standard cords Other hardwoods Spruce-fir Other softwoods 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Forest Survey Unit Figure 9.—Minnesota roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 1999. 8 . Wisconsin • Pulpwood production in Wisconsin increased by almost 6 percent from 1998 to 1999, to 3.3 million cords (fig. 10). • Hardwoods accounted for 72 percent of the total pulpwood production in 1999. • Roundwood harvested for pulpwood accounted for 87 percent of the pulpwood produced in 1999. • The Northwestern Forest Survey Unit remained the top producer of roundwood for pulping in the State with 1.2 million cords (fig. 11). • Bayfield County replaced Sawyer County in 1999 as the top pulpwood-producing county in the State with 220 thousand cords (table 7). • Between 1998 and 1999, aspen harvests increased by 7 percent to 1.0 million cords. • In 1999, the use of hardwood residues for pulpwood increased by 11 percent from the previous year, and the use of softwood residues increased by 9 percent. Harvesting Intensity • In the following figures, the distribution of the harvest is shown in two ways: first, the amount of pulpwood cut relative to the growing-stock volume in each of five major pulpwood species (fig. 12); second, the amount of pulpwood relative to commercial timberland area (fig. 13). 1995 1,400 1996 1997 1998 1999 Thousand standard cords 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Aspen Maple Other hardwoods Species Pine Other softwoods Residues Figure 10.—Wisconsin pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1995-1999. 9 Aspen 600 Maple Other hardwoods Pine Other softwoods Thousand standard cords 500 400 300 200 100 0 Northeastern Northwestern Central Forest Survey Unit Southwestern Southeastern Figure 11.—Wisconsin roundwood pulpwood production by Forest Survey Unit and species group, 1999. Figure 12.—Cords of roundwood pulpwood (including chips from roundwood) harvested per 1,000 cords of growingstock volume for each of five principal pulpwood species by Forest Survey Unit, 1999. Growing-stock volume was determined during the last forest inventory for each State. NORTHERN PINE 4 ASPENBIRCH 8 WESTERN U.P. 39 NORTHEASTERN 45 NORTHERN L.P. 23 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 17 NORTHWESTERN 53 EASTERN U.P. 27 PRAIRIE 69 CENTRAL 86 SOUTH - SOUTHWESTERN EASTERN 75 >100 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 3 JACK PINE Michigan 10 NORTHERN PINE 6 ASPENBIRCH 4 WESTERN U.P. 10 NORTHEASTERN 12 NORTHERN L.P. 1 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 15 NORTHWESTERN 13 EASTERN U.P. 12 PRAIRIE 0 CENTRAL 45 SOUTH - SOUTHWESTERN EASTERN 56 14 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. <1 RED PINE Michigan NORTHERN PINE 14 ASPENBIRCH 11 WESTERN U.P. 4 NORTHEASTERN 9 NORTHERN L.P. 2 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 7 NORTHWESTERN 9 EASTERN U.P. 6 PRAIRIE 3 CENTRAL 32 SOUTH SOUTHWESTERN EASTERN 66 26 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. <1 SPRUCE Michigan 11 NORTHERN PINE 20 ASPENBIRCH 14 WESTERN U.P. 7 NORTHEASTERN 17 NORTHERN L.P. 3 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 7 NORTHWESTERN 15 EASTERN U.P. 9 PRAIRIE 5 CENTRAL 9 SOUTH- SOUTHWESTERN EASTERN 3 2 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 7 BALSAM FIR Michigan NORTHERN PINE 45 ASPENBIRCH 41 WESTERN U.P. 28 NORTHEASTERN 33 NORTHERN L.P. 16 CENTRAL HARDWOOD 37 NORTHWESTERN 37 EASTERN U.P. 28 PRAIRIE 59 CENTRAL 44 SOUTH SOUTHWESTERN EASTERN 5 1 Minnesota Wisconsin SOUTHERN L.P. 9 ASPEN Michigan 12 LAKE STATES Roseau Kittson Marshall Koochiching St. Louis Beltrami Pennington Red Lake Clearwater Itasca Lake Cook Lake of the Woods Polk Norman Mahnomen Cass Hubbard Becker Houghton Aitkin Keweenaw Clay Wadena Otter Tail Carlton Marquette Luce Alger Schoolcraft Mackinac Delta Dickin son Florence Forest Emme Menominee t Charlevoix Antrim Oconto Shawano Door Benzie Kewaunee Crow Wing Bayfield Douglas Pine Iron Chippewa Vilas Ashland Sawyer Price Barron Rusk Oneida Iron Gogebic Ontonagon Baraga Wilkin Todd Morrison Wash burn Burnett Stevens Pope Sherburne Anoka Taylor Lincoln Langlade Marinette St. Croix Dunn Chippewa Menominee Clark Marathon Pierce Eau Claire Pepin Portage Waupaca Outa gamie Brown Wood Jackson Waushara Monroe Adams Marquette Green Lake Fond Du Lac Sheboygan Oceana New- Mecosta aygo Ozaukee Muskegon Kent Jefferson Waukesha Milwaukee Lafayette Green Rock Walworth Racine Kenosha Ottawa Ionia Clinton Genesee Shiawassee Allegan Barry Eaton Ingham Living ston Isabella Midland Bay Dodge Washington Ram. Isanti Big Stone Swift Meeker Wright Hennepin Carver Scott Le Sueur Rice Wabasha Winne - Calu- Manitowoc bago met Goodhue Buffalo WasecaSteele Dodge Olmsted Winona La Crosse Houston Vernon Sauk Columbia Richland Chisago Traverse Polk Kandiyohi Stearns Benton Kanabec Grant Douglas Mille Lacs Cheboygan Presque Isle Washington Chippewa Mcleod Renville Dakota Leelanau MontAlpena morency Otsego Kal- Crawford kaska Oscoda Alcona Lac Qui Parle Yellow Medicine Lyon Sibley Redwood Nicollet Brown Murray Cottonwood Jackson Martin Faribault Freeborn Mower Fillmore Juneau Blue Watonwan Earth Lincoln Grand Traverse Manistee Trempealeau Wexford Missaukee Ogemaw R o scommon Mason Lake Osceola Clare Gladwin Iosco Pipestone Arenac Huron Rock Nobles Tuscola Montcalm Gratiot Saginaw Sanilac Minnesota Crawford Dane Iowa Grant Lapeer 0 cords per 1,000 acres of timberland. 1-99 cords per 1,000 acres of timberland. St. Clair Oakland Macomb Wisconsin Van Buren Kalamazoo Calhoun Jackson Washtenaw Wayne 100- 199 cords per 1,000 acres of timberland. 200- 299 cords per 1,000 acres of timberland. 300 cords or more per 1,000 acres of timberland. Pulp mill Particleboard, OSB, waferboard, or engineered lumber mill Berrien Cass St. Joseph Branch Hillsdale Lenawee Monroe Michigan Figure 13.—Cords of pulpwood cut per 1,000 acres of timberland by county, 1999. Acres of timberland (stocking of trees greater than 10 percent) were determined during the last inventory in each State. Locations of active pulp and particleboard mills are shown. 13 Pulpwood harvesting was most intensive (100,000 cords or more) in the following Forest Survey Units by species: Species Balsam fir Jack pine State Minnesota Wisconsin Forest Survey Unit Aspen-Birch Central, Northwestern Central Aspen-Birch N. Lower Peninsula, W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Northern Pine, Aspen-Birch, Central Hardwood Northwestern, Northeastern, Central Northwestern W. Upper Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Northwestern, Northeastern W. Upper Peninsula, N. Lower Peninsula, E. Upper Peninsula Red pine Spruce Aspen Wisconsin Minnesota Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin White birch Hard maple Wisconsin Michigan Wisconsin Soft maple Michigan RECEIPTS • In 1999, 33 woodpulp and 14 particleboard mills in the Lake States acquired 9.8 million cords of pulpwood, an increase of 3 percent from 1998. • Aspen roundwood was processed at 37 of the 47 pulp and particleboard plants in the Lake States in 1999 (fig. 14 and table 8). • In 1999, Wisconsin supplied wood to 34 mills, Michigan supplied 33 mills, and Minnesota supplied 24 mills. • Total imports from outside the Lake States of all wood material in 1999 were 303 thousand cords, a decrease of 9 percent from 1998. Canada contributed 58 percent of the total import receipts. 14 1998 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 1999 Number of mills Sp ru ce -fi r As h Species Figure 14.—Numbers of industrial plants in the Lake States using a particular species or residue for pulping and particleboard, 1998-1999. • Total imports of roundwood decreased by 28 percent, from 194 thousand cords in 1998 to 138 thousand cords in 1999. Decreases in imports of spruce and aspen roundwood accounted for more than 70 percent of the decrease in volume of roundwood shipped to the Lake States. • Canada supplied 98 percent of the total roundwood volume imported. • Imports of residues increased by 17 percent in 1999. Residues from the Plains States and other Western States made up almost two-thirds of the total residues imported by mills in the Lake States. Michigan • The eight Michigan pulp mills, three OSB mills, and one particleboard mill consumed 3.0 million cords in 1999, down 1 percent from the previous year. Eight percent of the total wood material consumed was imported from out of State, mainly from Wisconsin. Minnesota • The eight pulp mills, five OSB mills, and one laminated structural lumber mill in Minnesota reported consuming an estimated 3.0 million cords in 1999, an increase of 6 percent from 1998. Only 6 percent of Minnesota’s consumption for pulpwood came from out-of-State sources. Canada supplied over 60 percent of the imported wood material. Wisconsin • The 17 pulp mills, 2 OSB mills, and 2 particleboard mills in Wisconsin consumed 3.7 million cords in 1999, up by almost 4 percent from 1998. Eighteen percent of the total receipts were imported from out of State. Imports from Michigan and Minnesota accounted for 46 percent and 33 percent of the total imports, respectively. O O ak th er ha rd wo So od ftw s oo d re Ha sid rd ue wo s od re sid ue s Pi O ne th er so ftw oo ds As pe n M ap le Bi rc h Ba lsa m po pl ar 15 INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS Pulp Mills For this section pulp mill products include wood fiber products such as paper, paperboard, hardboard, insulation board, and medium-density fiberboard. All of these products are manufactured from wood that has been reduced to individual fibers, small fiber bundles, or fiber parts that are subsequently formed into a mat. Wood material from the Lake States sent to mills in other States and Canada is included. • Of the 9.8 million cords of pulpwood processed in 1999, 6.8 million cords (70 percent) were used for wood pulp products. Of each cord used to produce pulp, 85 percent came from roundwood and 15 percent came from mill residues. • Principal species harvested for pulp in the Lake States in 1999 were aspen (1,981 thousand cords), hard maple (629 thousand cords), soft maple (587 thousand cords), jack pine (447 thousand cords), and red pine (363 thousand cords) (fig. 15). • Hardwoods were still the mainstays of the pulp mills in the region in 1999 with hardwood roundwood contributing 63 percent of total production and hardwood residues supplying another 8 percent. • The use of softwood roundwood by the pulp mills in the Lake States decreased by 4 percent from 1998 to 1999. Softwood residue use, on the other hand, increased by 18 percent from the previous year. • Average daily woodpulp production in 1999 rose to 15.1 thousand tons of pulp per day, up from 15.0 thousand tons per day in 1998 (table 9). 1995 2,500 2,000 1,500 1,000 500 0 Aspen Maple 1996 1997 1998 1999 Thousand standard cords Other hardwoods Pine Species Spruce-fir Other softwoods Residues Figure 15.—Pulpwood production in the Lake States for pulp by species group and residues, 1995-1999. 16 • Lake States pulpwood production for pulp mills during the period 1995-1999 was: Product form and species group Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 1,776 2,241 2,291 642 6,949 1,920 2,018 2,209 630 6,778 1995 1996 Production 1997 1998 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Thousand cords) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1,788 2,036 2,268 649 6,741 1,627 1,825 2,198 812 6,463 1,599 1,981 2,232 787 6,600 Michigan • Pulpwood production for wood pulp was 2.2 million cords in 1999, up by 2 percent from 1998. • Hard maple and soft maple were the two major pulpwood species groups harvested in the State in 1999 with 389 thousand cords and 384 thousand cords, respectively. Other major species harvested were aspen with 301 thousand cords and jack pine with 119 thousand cords. • Michigan mills imported 179 thousand cords of pulpwood, or 9 percent of the wood material used for the production of wood pulp. Michigan exported 314 thousand cords to wood pulp mills in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Canada. • Michigan mills used 1,684 thousand cords of hardwood material in 1999, an increase of less than 1 percent from 1998. The use of softwood material decreased by 3 percent to 347 thousand cords during the same period. Minnesota • Pulpwood production for wood pulp totaled 1.7 million cords in 1999, down 1 percent from 1998. • In 1999, aspen was the predominant species harvested in the State with 1,010 thousand cords, 8 percent higher than the previous year. Other major species were balsam fir with 194 thousand cords and spruce with 149 thousand cords. • Mills in Minnesota imported 135 thousand cords of wood material for pulp products (68 thousand cords from Canada, 62 thousand cords from Wisconsin, and 5 thousand cords from Michigan). Minnesota exported 120 thousand cords to Wisconsin and 39 thousand cords to Canada. • Minnesota mills had a 4-percent increase in the use of hardwood material, from 1,174 thousand cords in 1998 to 1,215 thousand cords in 1999. The use of softwood material decreased by 3 percent to 436 thousand cords in 1999. Wisconsin • Pulpwood production for wood pulp products in 1999 increased by 5 percent from 1998, to 2.8 million cords. • Aspen was the main species harvested with 663 thousand cords. Other major species harvested were jack pine (302 thousand cords), red pine (272 thousand cords), hard maple (233 thousand cords), white birch (214 thousand cords), and soft maple (195 thousand cords). • Wisconsin mills imported 525 thousand cords of pulpwood: 288 thousand cords from Michigan, 120 thousand cords from Minnesota, 17 113 thousand cords from other States, and 16 thousand cords from Canada. Wisconsin exported 162 thousand cords to Michigan, 62 thousand cords to Minnesota, and 1 thousand cords to other States. • Wisconsin pulp mills increased the use of hardwood material by 7 percent and softwood material by almost 3 percent from 1998 to 1999. Particleboard Mills Particleboard is a generic term for a panel manufactured from lignocellulosic material—commonly wood— essentially in the form of particles (as distinct from fibers). These materials are bonded together with synthetic resin or other suitable binder under heat and pressure by a process wherein the inter-particle bonds are created wholly by the added binder. Other materials may have been added during manufacture to improve certain properties. The many types of particleboard differ greatly in regard to size and geometry of the particle, the amount of resin (adhesive) used, and the density to which the panel is pressed. The major types of particles used for particleboard are shavings, flakes, wafers, chips, sawdust, strands, slivers, and wood wool (excelsior). Most particleboard in the U.S. is made from residues (shavings, sawdust, or chips), but some types require that roundwood (saw logs or pulpwood) be used. Waferboard and oriented strandboard are examples of products requiring that the particles be cut from solid wood. A new product called engineered lumber was added to this generic term in 1992. Wood material from the Lake States sent to mills in other States and Canada is included. • The Lake States produced 2.9 million cords of pulpwood in 1999 for particleboard products, up 5 percent from 1998. For every cord of pulpwood used in particleboard manufacture, 93 percent came from roundwood and 7 percent came from the residues of other woodusing plants. • Principal species harvested for particleboard products were aspen (2,139 thousand cords), white birch (137 thousand cords), jack pine (102 thousand cords), and soft maple (82 thousand cords) (fig. 16). • In 1999, the Lake States produced 152 thousand cords of softwood roundwood and 2,519 thousand cords of hardwood roundwood for processing at particleboard plants. Roundwood production for the manufacture of particleboard products rose by 4 percent between 1998 and 1999. All the roundwood that was harvested in the Lake States for particleboard production stayed in the region. 18 • The Lake States in 1999 produced 116 thousand cords of softwood residues and 89 thousand cords of hardwood residues for use in particleboard production. The use of residues for particleboard production increased by 19 percent from 1998 to 1999. • Annual production at Lake States particleboard plants fell from 2,400 million square feet 3/4inch basis in 1998 to 1,951 million square feet 3/4-inch basis in 1999 (table 10). • Lake States pulpwood production for particleboard mills during 1995-1999 was: Michigan • In 1999, pulpwood harvested from Michigan for particleboard products totaled 816 thousand cords, of which 109 thousand cords were softwoods and 707 thousand cords were hardwoods. Residues used for particleboard products added another 133 thousand cords of wood material. Product form and species Roundwood Softwoods Aspen Other hardwoods Residue Total 128 2,079 245 163 2,616 146 2,102 281 179 2,708 1995 1996 Production 1997 1998 1999 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (Thousand cords) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 161 1,946 306 86 2,499 135 2,078 362 172 2,748 152 2,139 380 205 2,876 • The particleboard mills in Michigan imported 44 thousand cords from Wisconsin and 35 thousand cords from Canada. Exports of all wood material for particleboard production amounted to 47 thousand cords. Minnesota • Minnesota accounted for half of all the wood material produced in the Lake States for particleboard plants in 1999. Timber logged for particleboard products totaled 1.4 million cords, and aspen was the predominant species cut (1.2 million cords). Minnesota supplied less than 7 thousand cords of mill residues for particleboard production. • The particleboard mills in Minnesota imported 42 thousand cords from Canada and less than 2 thousand cords from Wisconsin and North Dakota combined. In 1999, raw materials exported from the State for particleboard manufacturing totaled 95 thousand cords, all of which went to Wisconsin. Aspen 2500 Thousand standard cords Other hardwoods Softwoods Residues 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1995 1996 1997 Inventory year 1998 1999 Figure 16.—Pulpwood production for particleboard in the Lake States, 1995-1999. 19 Wisconsin • In 1999, Wisconsin produced 431 thousand cords of roundwood for particleboard manufacturing, of which 12 thousand cords were softwood and 419 thousand cords were hardwood. Wisconsin wood processing mills provided an additional 65 thousand cords of plant byproducts to the particleboard industry. • The mills in Wisconsin imported almost 124 thousand cords of wood for particleboard manufacturing: 95 thousand cords from Minnesota, 18 thousand cords from Michigan, and 10 thousand cords from Canada. Wisconsin exported 44 thousand cords to Michigan particleboard mills and 2 thousand cords to Canadian particleboard mills in 1999. Menominee, MI. The 215,000 tpy (tons per year) mill should be finished in late 2002. • Avenor, Inc., in Thunder Bay, Ontario, was purchased by and its name changed to Bowater Forest Products in 1998. • Consolidated Papers, Inc., plants in Duluth, MN, and Biron, Kimberly, Niagara, Stevens Point, and Wisconsin Rapids, WI, were purchased by and their name was changed to Stora Enso North America in 1999. • Georgia-Pacific Corp. in Duluth, MN, closed its pulp mill in March of 1999. • Hennepin Paper Company in Little Falls, MN, closed its pulp mill in December of 1998. • The TENNECO Packaging mills in Filer City, MI, and Tomahawk, WI, were purchased by and their names were changed to Packaging Corporation of America in 1999. • Thilmany Paper in Kaukauna, WI, was purchased by and its name was changed to International Paper Company in 1999. Industry News Major mill expansion, new construction, consolidations, name changes, and closures are as follows: • American Fibrit, Inc., in Battle Creek, MI, changed its name to Johnson Controls in 1998. • In 1999, Aspen Bay Pulp and Fibre began building the first bleached chemithermomechanical pulp mill in the U.S. in 20 CENTRAL STATES PRODUCTION • Pulpwood production in the Central States (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri) decreased by 1 percent—from 472 thousand cords in 1998 to 466 thousand cords in 1999. Illinois and Missouri both increased production by less than 1 percent between 1998 and 1999, while Iowa’s pulpwood production decreased by less than 1 percent and Indiana’s fell by 4 percent. • Pulpwood production from roundwood increased by 11 percent for the Central States as a whole from 1998 to 1999. Production of roundwood for pulp increased in Missouri by 21 percent from 1998 to 1999, increased by 13 percent in Illinois, decreased by 1 percent in Indiana, and decreased by 18 percent in Iowa. • Roundwood made up 43 percent of the total wood material used for pulpwood production in the Central States in 1999 (table 11). • Pulpwood production from soft hardwood7 roundwood rose from 34 thousand cords in 1998 to 46 thousand cords in 1999. Hard hardwood8 production increased from 126 thousand cords in 1998 to 142 thousand cords in 1999 (table 12 and fig. 17). • Residue use for the production of pulpwood decreased by 9 percent from 1998 to 1999. The production of softwood residues used for pulp production fell by 48 percent and hardwood residue use decreased by 3 percent. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 or less. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. 8 7 Residues 450 Hard hardwoods Soft hardwoods Softwoods Thousand standard cords 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 1995 1996 1997 Inventory year 1998 1999 Figure 17.—Pulpwood production in the Central States, 1995-1999. 21 • Exports of roundwood and residues from the Central States in 1999 accounted for 72 percent of all wood material produced in the region for pulpwood production (table 13). Roundwood exports totaled 147 thousand cords and the export of residues from other wood-using mills totaled 184 thousand cords. • Loggers harvested pulpwood in 20 counties in Illinois, 14 counties in Indiana, 12 counties in Iowa, and 13 counties in Missouri (fig. 18). • Pulpwood production from whole-tree chips in 1999 increased by 13 percent from 1998. The 49 thousand cords of whole-tree chips made up almost one-quarter of the total roundwood produced in the Central States in 1999. Illinois • Illinois produced 79 thousand cords of pulpwood in 1999. Illinois contributed 17 percent of the total pulpwood production in the Central States in 1998 (fig. 19). • Illinois does not have any primary wood pulp or particleboard mills; consequently, all pulpwood harvested is shipped to plants outside the State. Indiana • Residues accounted for over three-fourths of Iowa’s pulpwood production in 1999. Missouri • Missouri was the largest producer of pulpwood in the Central States in 1999, with 38 percent of the region's total, or 177 thousand cords. The production of pulpwood in Missouri increased by a little over 1 thousand cords from 1998 to 1999. • Missouri exported 93 percent (166 thousand cords) of the State's pulpwood production to mills in the Southern States. RECEIPTS • Pulp mills in three Central States received 144 thousand cords in 1999, up 4 percent from 1998 (table 13). • Roundwood receipts increased by 13 percent— from 46 thousand cords in 1998 to 52 thousand cords in 1999—while residue receipts remained at 92 thousand cords. • Softwood roundwood was not used for pulpwood by the Central States pulp mills. INDUSTRY TRENDS AND ANALYSIS • Pulpwood production in Indiana accounted for 38 percent of the total pulpwood produced in the Central States region. The 176 thousand cords of wood material produced in Indiana in 1999 is a 4-percent decrease from the 1998 level of 183 thousand cords. • From 1998 to 1999, roundwood production decreased by 1 percent and residue production decreased by 4 percent. Iowa • Iowa’s total pulpwood production in 1999 was 34 thousand cords, a decrease of less than 1 percent from 1998. The State contributed 7 percent of the region's total pulpwood produced. 22 • Average daily woodpulp production increased from 879 tons in 1998 to 891 tons in 1999 (table 14). • In 1999, only 26 percent of the roundwood and 31 percent of the residues produced for pulpwood in the Central States went to pulp mills located in the Central States. • Hardwood residue from sawmills and other wood-using mills accounted for 49 percent of all the wood material used by the Central States pulp mills. It continues to be the dominant form of wood material procured. Lyon Kossuth Worth Mitchell Howard Winne shiek Allamakee Clay Palo Alto Hancock Cerro Gordo Floyd bago Osceola Dickinson Emmet Iow Winnea Chickasaw Fayette Clayton Sioux O'Brien CENTRAL STATES Illinois Dubuque Stephenson Jo Daviess Winnebago Cook De Kalb Kane Du Page Mchenry Lake Jackson Carroll Ogle Clinton Whiteside Lee Scott Kendall Will Lake Porter Noble De Kalb Henry Grundy Starke Putnam Kankakee Jasper Pulaski Fulton Livingston Iroquois White Cass Benton Fulton Carroll Miami Howard Clinton Tipton Hamilton y er om Boone Plymouth Pocahontas Humboldt Wright Franklin Butler Bremer Webster Buchanan Delaware Sac Calhoun Hamilton Hardin Grundy Black Hawk Cherokee Buena Vista Woodbury Ida Tama Benton Linn Jones Carroll Greene Boone Story Marshall Monona Crawford Cedar Guthrie Dallas Polk Jasper Powe shiek Iowa Johnson La Porte St. Joseph Elkhart Lagrange Steuben Muscatine Rock Island Bureau Marshall Kosciusko Whitley Allen Louisa Mercer Stark Warren Knox Marshall Peoria Woodford Wells Adams Huntington Wabash Newton Audubon Harrison Shelby Indiana La Salle Pottawattamie Cass Adair Madison Warren Marion Mahaska Keokuk Washington Mills Montgomery Adams Union Clarke Des Moines Taylor Ringgold Decatur Wayne Appanoose Davis Van Buren Lee Mcdo Hancock nough Tazewell Ford Vermilion Warren Madison Lucas Monroe Wapello JeffersonHenry Henderson Fremont Page Atchison Nodaway Worth Harrison Mercer Putnam Schu- Scotland Clark yler Adair Knox Lewis Logan De Witt on tg Mclean Blackford nt ra G Jay aw D el ar e Gentry Sullivan Grundy Andrew Shelby Marion Sangamon Pike Monroe Moultrie Christian Shelby * Cumber- Clark land Effingham Jasper Crawford Clay Marion Moniteau Henry Bates Washington Jefferson Jefferson Monroe Randolph Perry Franklin Miller Maries Crawford Washington Pulaski Laclede Dent Iron Reynolds Madison Cape Girardeau Texas Greene Lawrence Shannon Wayne Scott Butler Ripley New Madrid Stoddard Douglas Howell Oregon Taney McDonald Ozark Carter Newton Barry Christian Stone Webster Wright Phelps Ste. St. Genevieve Francois Perry Union St. Clair Camden Vernon Hickory Cedar Polk Barton Dade Bollinger Holt Daviess Macon Douglas Edgar Vigo Clay Owen Sullivan Greene ce Schuyler Menard Piatt M Mason Champaign Boone Tippecanoe De Kalb Linn Macon Brown Cass Parke Putnam Adams Fountain Ran dolph Henry Wayne Vermillion Hendricks Marion Hancock Rush Shelby Johnson Buchanan Chariton Ralls Coles Pike Greene Macoupin Montgomery Jersey St. Charles Richland St. Clair Wayne Clinton Madison Bond Fayette Audrain Saline Jackson Johnson Cass Cooper Warren St. Louis Franklin Pettis Callaway Lafayette Boone Lincoln Howard Carroll Platte Ray Clay Randolph Clinton Caldwell Livingston Fayette Morgan Scott Un io n Morgan Franklin Brown Ba rth w om ol Decatur Calhoun Monroe en aw r Martin Je nn in Jackson Daviess as h L Montgomery Ohio SwitzJefferson erland Lawrence ab W Scott Knox Pike Gibson Dubois Crawford Floyd Edwards WashOrange ington Cole Benton Morgan Osage Gasconade Clark Hamilton White Dallas Jackson Williamson Saline Gallatin Pope Hardin Johnson Warrick Posey Vander - burgh Spencer Perry Harrison Alexander Jasper Massac Pulaski Mississippi Missouri 0 cords 1 to 999 cords 1,000 to 2,999 cords 3,000 to 4,999 cords 5,000 or more cords Pulp mill Pemiscot Dunklin Figure 18.—Production of pulpwood from roundwood (including chips from roundwood) in the Central States by county, in standard cords, 1999. Locations of Central States mills and nearby pulp mills using Central States pulpwood are shown. Dearborn gs Ripley 23 Residues 140 Hard hardwood Soft hardwood Softwood Thousand standard cords 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Illinois Indiana State Iowa Missouri Figure 19.—Central States pulpwood production by species group and residues, 1999. 24 PLAINS STATES PRODUCTION • Pulpwood production in the Plains States was 146 thousand cords in 1999, an increase of 26 percent from 1998 (fig. 20). Pulpwood came from Kansas, North Dakota, and South Dakota. • Softwood residues accounted for 91 percent of the pulpwood production for the Plains States in 1999 (fig. 21), most of which came from South Dakota. • Eighty-five thousand cords of softwood residue from the Plains States were exported to Wisconsin in 1999. • One thousand cords of aspen and balsam poplar roundwood from North Dakota were exported to Minnesota in 1999. • The only mill in the Plains States in 1999 was Merillat Industries, Inc. (particleboard), in Rapid City, SD, which has an annual production capacity of 95 million square feet 3/4-inch basis. Hardwood roundwood 1% Softwood roundwood 7% Hardwood residues 1% Figure 21.—Plains States Softwood residues 91% pulpwood production, 1999. Residues 160 Hardwoods Softwoods Thousand standard cords 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1995 1996 1997 Inventory year 1998 1999 Figure 20.—Pulpwood production in the Plains States, 1995-1999. 25 26 APPENDIX Conversion Factors Used In The North-Central Region Standard cords of green roundwood per green ton: Species Softwoods Northern white-cedar Balsam fir Hemlock Jack pine Red pine White pine Shortleaf pine Spruce Tamarack Hardwoods Soft hardwoods Hard hardwoods Ash Aspen Balsam poplar Basswood Beech Factor 0.4688 .6329 .4688 .4150 .4688 .4688 .4777 .3956 .5014 .4291 .3939 .4171 .3708 .4330 .4291 .4083 .5167 .3956 Species White birch Yellow birch River birch Sweetgum Yellow-poplar Blackgum Sycamore Cottonwood Elm Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Black cherry Red oak White oak Black oak Other hardwoods Factor 0.4018 .3723 .3871 .3669 .4219 .3779 .4083 .4291 .4018 .3701 .3617 .4083 .4688 .3444 .3723 .3444 .4777 27 TABLE TITLES Table 8.—Number of industrial pulp or particleboard plants in the Lake States by product form, species group used, and State, 1999 Table 2.—Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, year, and destination, 1995-1999 Table 3.—Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, product form, Forest Survey Unit, and destination, 1999 Table 4.—Lake States annual pulpwood production from roundwood by State, Forest Survey Unit, and species group, 1995-1999 Table 5.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Michigan, 1999 Table 6.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Minnesota, 1999 Table 14.—Average daily production of active wood Table 7.—Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Wisconsin, 1999 pulp mills in the Central States by company, location, and type of pulp produced, 1999 Table 12.—Central States pulpwood production by product form and species group, 1995-1999 Table 13.—Central States pulpwood production by State and destination, 1995-1999 Table 11.—Production and imports of pulpwood, Central States, 1999 Table 10.—Annual production of active particleboard and panel mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and product produced, 1999 Table 9.—Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and type of pulp produced, 1999 Table 1.—Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 1999 28 TABLES 29 Production by State 1 Product form, species group, and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Softwood roundwood Northern white-cedar Michigan 5,564 -463 Total 5,564 -463 Balsam fir Canada 10,080 -30 Michigan 42,335 -3,411 Minnesota 4,464 193,286 18,525 Wisconsin 16,585 587 69,727 Total 73,464 193,873 91,693 Hemlock Michigan 69,186 -8,155 Wisconsin 2,270 -17,243 Total 71,456 -25,398 Jack pine Michigan 178,713 -8,426 Minnesota -30,415 498 Wisconsin 25,954 9,924 295,447 Total 204,667 40,339 304,372 Red pine Michigan 67,816 -3,299 Minnesota -34,503 656 Wisconsin 11,211 8,602 269,369 Total 79,027 43,106 273,325 White pine Michigan 5,624 -376 Minnesota -537 698 Wisconsin 1,650 369 55,926 Total 7,274 905 57,000 Spruce Canada 11,251 -92 Michigan 16,485 -1,455 Minnesota 313 101,682 5,818 Wisconsin 21,534 47,077 43,067 Total 49,582 148,758 50,432 30 Table 1.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Lake States, 1999 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Imports Plains Other U.S 2 States Regional total Central States Canada Total imports Total receipts 6,028 6,028 10,110 45,745 216,275 86,899 359,030 77,341 19,513 96,854 187,139 30,913 331,325 549,378 71,115 35,159 289,183 395,457 6,000 1,235 57,944 65,179 11,343 17,939 107,813 111,677 248,772 ----------------823 823 --541 541 ---79 79 ---------------------------- ---------------------------- 6 6 -40 --40 25 -25 323 11,114 -11,437 289 --289 4 --4 -16 --16 6 6 -40 --40 25 -25 323 11,114 -11,437 289 -823 1,112 4 -541 545 -16 -79 95 6,033 6,033 -45,785 216,275 86,899 348,959 77,366 19,513 96,879 187,463 42,027 331,325 560,815 71,404 35,159 290,006 396,569 6,004 1,235 58,485 65,724 -17,955 107,813 111,756 237,524 Tamarack Michigan 2,643 Minnesota -Wisconsin 2,008 Total 4,650 Total softwood roundwood Canada 21,331 Michigan 388,365 Minnesota 4,776 Wisconsin 81,212 Total 495,684 Softwood residues Canada 29,120 Michigan 99,671 Minnesota -Wisconsin 125,533 Total 254,325 Total softwood material Canada 50,451 Michigan 488,036 Minnesota 4,776 Wisconsin 206,745 Total 750,009 -2,655 9,824 12,480 --363,078 76,383 439,461 19,137 -60,144 -79,281 19,137 -423,222 76,383 518,741 250 -12,926 13,176 122 25,835 26,196 763,706 815,858 1,564 10,203 1,258 104,981 118,005 1,686 36,038 27,454 868,686 933,864 2,893 2,655 24,758 30,306 21,453 414,200 394,050 921,301 1,751,004 49,821 109,874 61,402 230,514 451,611 71,274 524,074 455,452 1,151,815 2,202,614 -------1,443 1,443 --------1,443 1,443 ------------85,000 85,000 ---85,000 85,000 ------------23,000 23,000 ---23,000 23,000 3 --3 -706 11,114 -11,820 -114 -12,518 12,632 3 --3 -706 11,114 1,443 13,263 -114 -120,518 120,632 2,896 2,655 24,758 30,309 -414,906 405,164 922,743 1,742,813 -109,988 61,402 351,032 522,422 ---820 820 524,894 11,114 11,114 466,565 12,518 121,961 1,273,776 24,452 133,895 2,265,235 (Table 1 continued on next page) 31 (Table 1 continued) Production by State 1 Product form, species group, and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Hardwood roundwood Ash Michigan 41,128 -2,276 Minnesota -273 -Wisconsin 2,164 607 66,556 Total 43,291 880 68,832 Aspen Michigan 781,831 -43,868 Minnesota -2,148,518 24,038 Wisconsin 50,103 92,432 978,926 Total 831,934 2,240,949 1,046,832 Balsam poplar Michigan 56,566 -4,859 Minnesota -104,189 48 Wisconsin 25 -506 Total 56,591 104,189 5,413 Basswood Michigan 64,022 -6,660 Minnesota -4,256 -Wisconsin 2,173 2,072 52,187 Total 66,195 6,328 58,847 Beech Michigan 36,694 -4,273 Wisconsin 3 -818 Total 36,697 -5,091 White birch Michigan 70,073 -5,979 Minnesota -113,881 4,559 Wisconsin 7,555 30,184 206,432 Total 77,628 144,065 216,971 Yellow birch Michigan 43,423 -5,443 Wisconsin 846 -24,871 Total 44,269 -30,314 Cottonwood Michigan 368 --Wisconsin 25 -2,472 Total 393 -2,472 32 Regional total Central States Imports Plains Other U.S 2 States Canada Total imports Total receipts 43,404 273 69,326 113,003 825,700 2,172,555 1,121,460 4,119,715 61,425 104,237 531 166,194 70,682 4,256 56,432 131,370 40,967 821 41,788 76,052 118,440 244,171 438,663 48,866 25,717 74,583 368 2,497 2,865 ------------------------------ -----1,178 -1,178 -31 -31 ------------------ ------------------------------ 3 --3 35,423 68,175 10,139 113,737 11 5,179 -5,190 4 --4 6 -6 44 32 3,649 3,725 17 -17 ---- 3 --3 35,423 69,353 10,139 114,915 11 5,210 -5,221 4 --4 6 -6 44 32 3,649 3,725 17 -17 ---- 43,407 273 69,326 113,006 861,123 2,241,908 1,131,599 4,234,631 61,436 109,447 531 171,414 70,686 4,256 56,432 131,375 40,972 821 41,793 76,096 118,472 247,820 442,388 48,883 25,717 74,601 368 2,497 2,865 Elm Michigan Wisconsin Total Hickory Michigan Wisconsin Total Hard maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Soft maple Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total Red oak Michigan Wisconsin Total White oak Michigan Wisconsin Total Other hardwoods Michigan Wisconsin Total 1,840 655 2,495 729 65 794 410,118 -6,615 416,733 446,067 -4,653 450,720 47,372 1,607 48,980 38,193 65 38,258 20,707 154 20,861 -------6,090 734 6,824 -2,883 5,743 8,626 -2 2 ------- 28 39,070 39,098 -1,450 1,450 40,399 3,843 197,195 241,438 40,260 -169,294 209,554 751 135,652 136,403 -14,993 14,993 3,165 3,399 6,564 1,868 39,725 41,593 729 1,515 2,244 450,517 9,933 204,544 664,994 486,327 2,883 179,690 668,901 48,123 137,262 185,385 38,193 15,057 53,250 23,872 3,553 27,425 ------------------------ ------------------------ ------------------------ 1 -1 ---205 --205 154 --154 1 -1 ---- 1 -1 ---205 --205 154 --154 1 -1 ---- 1,869 39,725 41,594 729 1,515 2,244 450,721 9,933 204,544 665,199 486,481 2,883 179,690 669,055 48,124 137,262 185,386 38,193 15,057 53,250 5 5 23,877 --3,553 5 5 27,430 (Table 1 continued on next page) 33 34 (Table 1 continued) Production by State 1 Product form, species group, and destination Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin Total hardwood roundwood Michigan 2,059,133 -157,959 Minnesota -2,380,091 32,489 Wisconsin 76,706 131,773 1,893,823 Total 2,135,839 2,511,864 2,084,271 Hardwood residues Canada -19,427 -Michigan 206,257 -12,249 Minnesota -47,338 2,562 --1,492 Other3 Wisconsin 22,489 7,456 301,561 Total 228,746 74,221 317,863 Total hardwood material Canada -19,427 -Michigan 2,265,390 -170,208 Minnesota -2,427,429 35,051 --1,492 Other3 Wisconsin 99,195 139,229 2,195,384 Total 2,364,585 2,586,085 2,402,134 Total all roundwood Canada 21,331 -122 Michigan 2,447,498 -183,794 Minnesota 4,776 2,743,168 58,684 Wisconsin 157,918 208,156 2,657,529 Total 2,631,523 2,951,325 2,900,129 Total all residues Canada 29,120 38,564 1,564 Michigan 305,928 -22,452 Minnesota -107,482 3,820 --1,492 Other3 Wisconsin 148,022 7,456 406,541 Total 483,070 153,502 435,869 Total all wood material Canada 50,451 38,564 1,686 Michigan 2,753,426 -206,246 Minnesota 4,776 2,850,651 62,504 --1,492 Other3 Wisconsin 305,940 215,612 3,064,070 Total 3,114,594 3,104,827 3,335,998 1 Regional total 2,217,092 2,412,579 2,102,303 6,731,974 19,427 218,506 49,900 1,492 331,505 620,830 19,427 2,435,598 2,462,480 1,492 2,433,808 7,352,804 21,453 2,631,292 2,806,629 3,023,603 8,482,977 69,248 328,380 111,302 1,492 562,019 1,072,441 90,701 2,959,672 2,917,931 1,492 3,585,622 9,555,418 Central States -----14,064 --3,465 17,529 -14,064 --3,465 17,529 ---1,443 1,443 -14,064 --3,465 17,529 -14,064 --4,908 18,972 Imports Plains Other U.S 2 States -1,209 -1,209 --------1,209 --1,209 --1,209 -1,209 ----85,000 85,000 --1,209 -85,000 86,209 -------------------------23,000 23,000 ----23,000 23,000 Canada 35,873 73,386 13,788 123,047 -1,576 25,654 --27,231 -37,450 99,040 -13,788 150,278 -36,579 84,500 13,788 134,867 -1,690 25,654 -12,518 39,863 -38,270 110,154 -26,306 174,730 Total imports 35,873 74,595 13,788 124,256 -15,640 25,654 -3,465 44,760 -51,514 100,249 -17,253 169,016 -36,579 85,709 15,231 137,519 -15,754 25,654 -123,983 165,392 -52,334 111,363 -139,214 302,910 Total receipts 2,252,965 2,487,174 2,116,090 6,856,230 -234,146 75,555 -334,970 644,671 -2,487,111 2,562,729 -2,451,060 7,500,900 -2,667,871 2,892,338 3,038,834 8,599,043 -344,134 136,957 -686,002 1,167,093 -3,012,005 3,029,294 -3,724,836 9,766,136 Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. Mostly Western States. Pulpwood shipped to mills outside of region. 2 3 Table may not add due to rounding. Table 2.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, year, and destination, 1995-19991 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin 2,733 18 346 2,815 5 267 3,104 1 223 2,773 1 272 2,753 5 306 2,836 6 283 MINNESOTA Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin 4 2,738 178 -2,676 352 -2,654 287 -2,685 251 -2,851 216 1 2,721 257 WISCONSIN Destination of pulpwood Michigan Minnesota Wisconsin 231 80 3,168 218 68 3,020 234 45 2,913 204 50 2,905 206 63 3,064 219 61 3,014 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 5-year average Total production 3,112 3,111 3,346 3,076 3,115 3,152 Other 2 16 25 18 30 50 28 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 5-year average Total production 2,971 3,065 2,980 2,975 3,105 3,019 Other 2 50 38 39 39 39 41 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 5-year average 1 2 Total production 3,482 3,309 3,194 3,160 3,336 3,296 Other 2 2 3 2 2 3 2 Includes mill residues used for pulp. Includes Canada. Table may not add due to rounding. 35 Table 3.--Lake States pulpwood production by State of origin, product form, Forest Survey Unit, and destination, 1999 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total Residues Total pulpwood Total production 627 1,120 797 87 2,632 483 3,115 Michigan 574 996 790 87 2,447 306 2,753 MINNESOTA Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total Residues Total pulpwood Total production 1,171 1,449 237 94 2,951 154 3,105 WISCONSIN Product form and Forest Survey Unit Roundwood Northeastern Northwestern Central Southwestern Southeastern Total Residues Total pulpwood 1 36 Includes Canada. Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin -5 --5 -5 37 118 3 * 158 148 306 Other 1 16 2 4 -21 29 50 Michigan -------- Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 1,074 1,248 342 78 2,743 107 2,851 97 21 74 16 208 7 216 Other 1 -----39 39 Total production 899 1,209 695 79 18 2,900 436 3,336 Michigan 153 30 1 -* 184 22 206 Destination of pulpwood Minnesota Wisconsin 3 55 1 * -59 4 63 743 1,124 693 79 18 2,658 407 3,064 Other 1 * ----* 3 3 * Less than 500 standard cords, unpeeled. Table may not add due to rounding. Table 4.--Lake States annual pulpwood production from roundwood by State, Forest Survey Unit, and species group, 1995-1999 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) MICHIGAN Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1995 774 1,149 845 66 2,834 All 1996 689 1,217 861 67 2,834 species 1997 1998 633 590 1,193 1,131 1,178 852 95 89 3,099 2,662 1999 627 1,120 797 87 2,632 1995 147 99 108 * 355 1996 126 106 141 * 373 Pine 1997 131 97 163 2 392 1998 106 75 120 1 302 1999 110 72 108 1 291 1995 27 39 1 -66 1996 27 50 1 * 78 Spruce 1997 18 27 1 -46 1998 25 31 1 * 57 1999 24 23 2 * 50 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total 1,263 1,263 242 43 2,810 1,321 1,232 296 48 2,897 1,046 1,501 277 52 2,875 1,119 1,357 253 72 2,800 1,171 1,449 237 94 2,951 MINNESOTA 40 38 65 51 17 29 --122 119 WISCONSIN 132 158 228 231 285 264 33 39 17 20 695 712 1,172 1,203 35 66 26 -126 33 43 20 * 97 27 46 12 * 84 118 31 1 -150 158 44 3 * 204 123 43 3 -168 110 41 4 * 156 102 45 1 * 149 Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Total Total Lake States 1,020 1,334 661 65 35 3,115 8,759 1,003 1,210 618 75 40 2,945 8,676 980 1,134 577 80 40 2,811 8,785 874 1,119 652 87 33 2,765 8,227 899 1,209 695 79 18 2,900 8,483 173 205 270 39 23 709 1,228 149 151 278 51 19 649 1,048 117 164 290 51 13 635 1,009 16 19 3 2 1 40 256 16 18 18 21 18 22 16 21 1 2 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 34 44 40 50 318 259 253 249 (Table 4 continued on next page) 37 (Table 4 continued) MICHIGAN Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1995 34 43 2 -79 Balsam fir 1996 1997 25 20 38 29 2 2 * -65 52 1998 28 41 3 -72 1999 31 37 5 * 73 1995 30 46 * -76 Other softwoods 1996 1997 1998 32 24 22 53 57 55 * * * * -* 85 82 77 1999 25 57 1 * 82 1995 192 368 429 13 1,003 1996 152 334 406 22 913 Aspen 1997 125 339 540 38 1,041 1998 148 309 375 25 857 1999 165 287 354 26 832 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Total Total Lake States 38 119 76 2 -198 171 75 6 * 252 106 79 10 -195 101 80 6 * 188 108 85 1 * 194 MINNESOTA 11 11 2 2 * -* -12 13 WISCONSIN 27 26 7 7 2 2 * * * * 37 36 125 135 12 8 1 -21 9 6 1 * 16 10 3 * * 12 831 1,021 209 43 2,103 816 988 247 47 2,098 649 1,187 222 50 2,108 736 1,057 206 68 2,067 804 1,142 204 91 2,241 30 41 1 * 1 73 350 41 50 1 * * 92 410 32 44 1 * * 78 324 36 42 1 * * 79 339 40 50 1 * * 92 359 24 8 3 * * 34 138 22 10 2 * * 34 127 24 13 2 * * 39 133 397 614 179 17 8 1,214 4,320 367 328 313 300 539 481 469 529 170 149 171 203 24 17 18 14 11 5 4 1 1,109 980 975 1,047 4,121 4,130 3,899 4,120 (Table 4 continued on next page) (Table 4 continued) MICHIGAN Forest Survey Unit Eastern Upper Peninsula Western Upper Peninsula Northern Lower Peninsula Southern Lower Peninsula Total 1995 51 84 42 * 177 1996 77 144 35 * 256 Birch 1997 51 87 40 1 180 1998 37 71 33 * 141 1999 27 63 30 1 122 1995 237 375 156 11 779 1996 203 370 188 16 777 Maple 1997 221 430 266 23 940 1998 183 414 172 23 792 1999 209 460 170 28 867 1995 57 94 106 42 299 Other hardwoods 1996 1997 1998 48 42 41 122 126 136 88 165 148 28 32 38 287 365 362 1999 36 121 127 31 315 Aspen-Birch Northern Pine Central Hardwood Prairie Total 65 38 8 * 111 58 45 7 * 109 60 55 8 * 123 60 69 6 * 135 61 74 8 * 144 MINNESOTA 9 4 4 -17 5 1 4 -9 9 1 5 -15 11 1 7 -19 8 1 6 1 15 70 27 * 1 97 65 26 1 * 92 51 63 3 2 119 58 59 3 4 123 52 53 4 2 111 Northeast Northwest Central Southwest Southeast Total Total Lake States * Less than 500 standard cords. Table may not add due to rounding. 123 152 28 3 2 309 596 120 123 27 3 1 275 641 106 119 24 5 2 257 559 85 131 28 3 1 248 524 89 128 27 2 1 247 513 WISCONSIN 194 152 172 158 59 64 5 4 3 2 433 379 1,229 1,165 178 165 51 7 4 405 1,360 158 195 65 5 2 426 1,237 188 194 64 3 1 451 1,334 101 101 104 6 3 315 711 124 83 90 5 3 306 684 122 89 77 11 4 304 788 93 105 105 7 4 314 799 120 110 102 6 2 339 765 39 Forest Survey Unit All Northern and county1 species white-cedar Balsam fir Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 79,652 277 2,759 Chippewa 111,268 581 7,011 Delta 123,286 652 9,206 Luce 58,671 91 1,043 Mackinac 101,601 252 5,047 Menominee 70,954 298 3,171 Schoolcraft 81,694 385 3,097 Total 627,127 2,536 31,333 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 108,922 132 1,186 Dickinson 99,209 351 6,171 Gogebic 96,272 -1,589 Houghton 168,444 318 4,525 Iron 187,619 727 11,508 Keweenaw 53,953 28 208 Marquette 246,458 1,059 9,317 Ontonagon 159,473 59 2,133 Total 1,120,350 2,675 36,637 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 41,953 -17 Alpena 22,957 39 605 Antrim 10,836 --Arenac 7,858 --Bay 1,356 --Benzie 11,417 --Charlevoix 8,786 --Cheboygan 63,960 58 1,013 Clare 33,717 --Crawford 33,922 --Emmet 29,163 62 549 Gladwin 28,304 --Grand Traverse 13,031 --Iosco 15,502 -35 Isabella 14,914 --Kalkaska 31,697 16 121 Lake 26,005 --Leelanau 914 --- 40 Table 5.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Michigan, 1999 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group White Red pine pine S p r u c e Tamarack 2,402 7,137 9,457 6,321 3,602 2,232 11,673 42,824 3,161 1,608 834 1,095 6,184 55 5,725 282 18,945 338 52 333 131 55 455 198 721 124 174 186 379 1,049 477 356 1,993 1,380 -291 303 691 74 179 396 312 2,246 235 502 60 284 929 23 985 216 3,234 45 3 13 --136 -90 6 96 3 --58 -749 --1,141 4,927 6,492 1,455 4,755 3,088 1,989 23,846 859 3,973 1,182 3,106 7,089 82 5,241 1,847 23,378 -153 ---20 -566 --161 ----48 --221 156 1,277 49 119 342 208 2,372 71 658 22 196 664 15 611 32 2,269 ---------------9 --Hemlock Jack pine 2,868 1,647 4,403 4,963 1,492 2,304 1,972 19,649 11,251 2,098 8,373 3,600 4,751 1,948 17,456 2,119 51,596 -----39 ---------173 --5,728 8,164 14,605 7,309 11,256 3,885 13,941 64,889 12,030 4,555 2,039 4,717 11,279 233 14,354 681 49,888 5,143 686 1,413 160 118 725 38 11,503 1,957 13,108 380 101 3,255 6,368 377 7,705 1,810 -Ash 1,048 401 528 623 477 579 557 4,212 2,003 494 2,146 4,483 1,818 956 1,828 5,315 19,045 102 221 371 24 3 861 104 264 1,949 87 61 279 246 14 220 337 1,848 122 Aspen 8,084 52,494 29,931 1,854 42,884 19,687 10,025 164,958 23,261 46,967 15,206 36,630 44,867 5,848 55,282 59,284 287,346 23,895 13,329 2,968 5,233 1,054 2,887 2,815 36,998 17,225 11,831 20,077 16,554 4,603 4,170 7,376 9,205 7,346 188 Balsam poplar 460 558 1,701 398 533 1,458 506 5,613 1,685 4,434 1,171 3,426 4,428 622 4,638 3,697 24,100 3,747 3,060 72 103 16 78 415 3,556 155 68 4 682 24 309 520 436 291 1 Manistee 18,857 Mason 24,957 Mecosta 14,788 Midland 20,646 Missaukee 34,835 Montmorency 31,399 Newaygo 25,456 Oceana 9,399 Ogemaw 24,821 Osceola 19,166 Oscoda 45,921 Otsego 51,621 Presque Isle 30,777 Roscommon 25,845 Wexford 21,901 Total 796,682 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 12,519 Barry 335 Berrien 155 Branch 174 Calhoun 1,069 Gratiot 339 Huron 929 Ionia 228 Kalamazoo 4,492 Kent 13,802 Lapeer 122 Lenawee 165 Livingston 29 Macomb 26 Montcalm 22,779 Muskegon 15,856 Oakland 85 Ottawa 3,108 Saginaw 120 Sanilac 2,319 Shiawassee 425 St Joseph 1,936 Tuscola 873 Van Buren 3,325 Wayne 2,156 Total 87,365 State total 2,631,523 -----23 -----41 62 49 -351 ----------3 --------------3 5,564 -----592 ----64 497 1,564 397 -5,455 --------16 -18 ---4 ----------38 73,464 ---------------211 --------------------------71,456 371 134 304 57 1,967 3,877 257 -1,074 66 10,164 6,070 2,261 5,554 2,309 89,313 ------12 --14 23 ---502 26 ---------577 204,667 1,071 83 197 27 1,551 109 68 -132 91 1,615 1,136 259 335 2,030 17,105 -----------67 --65 ----21 -----153 79,027 ----302 14 ----69 121 1 30 6 1,744 ----------------49 --------49 7,274 -----377 ----52 161 720 95 -2,353 ----------5 --------------5 49,582 ---------------9 --------------------------4,650 2,106 1,751 243 300 207 79 1,124 347 2,144 984 549 617 217 418 894 19,094 4,198 7,372 7,415 10,502 18,581 17,023 7,581 2,640 8,854 8,408 20,032 18,154 16,095 11,856 7,083 353,547 37 628 377 608 231 -544 289 477 320 2,389 424 2,768 97 367 23,092 20 1,628 48 2 54 4 -18 --20 --121 -45 44 -5 760 13 3 57 8 -505 -212 4,091 501 1 26 -----11 2 -9 1 456 9,727 2,769 119 2,958 276 -4 -54 989 126 -89 -6 1,750 13 9 156 21 -218 --873 --375 -7 1,600 5 941 26,083 3,787 43,291 831,934 56,591 (Table 5 continued on next page) 41 (Table 5 continued) Species group Forest Survey Unit and county1 Basswood Eastern Upper Peninsula Alger 1,936 Chippewa 853 Delta 1,429 Luce 1,082 Mackinac 878 Menominee 1,415 Schoolcraft 928 Total 8,520 Western Upper Peninsula Baraga 3,321 Dickinson 3,196 Gogebic 3,050 Houghton 7,044 Iron 4,706 Keweenaw 2,062 Marquette 4,563 Ontonagon 8,952 Total 36,893 Northern Lower Peninsula Alcona 484 Alpena 109 Antrim 677 Arenac 11 Bay -Benzie 537 Charlevoix 1,199 Cheboygan 579 Clare 1,020 Crawford 226 Emmet 651 Gladwin 319 Grand Traverse 624 Iosco 8 Isabella 282 Kalkaska 448 Lake 1,010 Leelanau 62 Beech 2,349 830 1,106 1,374 1,018 1,173 1,166 9,015 1,659 891 2,740 3,194 3,343 2,185 3,630 2,213 19,854 103 237 98 24 3 233 74 293 478 110 111 134 67 14 101 155 468 30 White birch 1,260 3,160 3,414 962 2,404 1,733 2,027 14,960 3,171 3,111 3,168 3,645 5,615 229 10,769 3,210 32,918 1,753 1,655 642 284 -516 211 2,079 608 1,035 1,553 638 183 392 286 744 541 31 Yellow birch 2,945 978 1,978 1,765 1,390 1,668 1,800 12,524 2,710 1,153 3,476 5,563 4,589 2,502 5,937 4,477 30,408 --12 --14 31 1 28 10 1 115 4 -95 79 53 -Cottonwood -----1 -1 1 1 2 ---1 19 24 --------------328 ---Elm 20 15 48 15 20 31 38 187 39 115 231 61 156 2 115 146 867 --13 --15 34 -31 10 1 124 5 -102 86 57 -Hickory ---------1 29 -3 --31 65 --12 --29 --68 ---7 -188 4 62 5 Hard maple 21,830 9,393 19,057 13,744 11,948 13,465 15,809 105,247 22,079 8,839 23,536 46,257 36,509 16,861 54,042 35,763 243,886 788 1,085 1,298 95 11 1,420 2,275 1,820 2,437 1,488 1,802 2,299 410 102 1,658 3,922 2,719 121 Soft maple 21,903 11,825 16,274 14,316 12,460 12,912 14,187 103,878 18,405 9,231 24,358 37,008 35,307 18,122 47,511 26,045 215,987 3,005 1,685 2,249 1,679 96 1,913 1,392 3,685 3,716 2,930 3,561 5,838 1,468 642 2,952 4,972 3,634 124 Other Red oak White oak hardwoods 403 111 177 232 163 208 193 1,487 427 166 1,213 908 636 379 610 1,674 6,012 2,531 38 338 38 -764 -237 1,882 2,739 -280 432 2,913 24 244 2,123 114 -227 -----227 -1 29 -3 --31 65 --326 76 -776 -496 2,033 12 -561 652 -49 251 2,664 116 1,725 499 862 1,003 724 911 879 6,602 1,235 692 1,817 2,382 2,510 1,591 2,785 1,246 14,258 -------1 ----------- 42 Manistee 1,065 Mason 1,060 Mecosta 233 Midland 284 Missaukee 500 Montmorency 1,636 Newaygo 722 Oceana 258 Ogemaw 1,239 Osceola 627 Oscoda 1,109 Otsego 1,561 Presque Isle 263 Roscommon 315 Wexford 557 Total 19,676 Southern Lower Peninsula Allegan 24 Barry 2 Berrien -Branch -Calhoun -Gratiot 53 Huron 6 Ionia 4 Kalamazoo -Kent 253 Lapeer 2 Lenawee -Livingston 1 Macomb 1 Montcalm 489 Muskegon 141 Oakland 1 Ottawa 64 Saginaw -Sanilac 34 Shiawassee 11 St Joseph -Tuscola -Van Buren -Wayne 21 Total 1,106 State total 66,195 1 506 475 94 110 84 62 319 108 540 265 440 861 230 129 247 7,202 9 1 ---41 2 2 -97 ----377 53 1 25 -2 4 ---11 626 36,697 532 613 186 386 890 1,858 436 168 867 402 2,679 2,986 2,573 730 347 28,803 19 2 ---41 5 3 -197 6 ---287 108 8 50 -89 8 ---124 947 77,628 7 115 69 99 42 -99 52 -58 4 20 -12 67 1,089 9 1 ----2 1 -91 ----63 50 -23 -2 4 ---1 248 44,269 ---------------328 ------8 5 ----1 1 -----8 13 ---3 39 393 7 124 74 107 45 -107 57 -63 4 22 -13 72 1,174 10 1 ----2 2 -98 ----68 54 -25 -2 4 ---1 268 2,495 75 53 3 -3 2 32 7 75 31 5 2 -14 26 704 ------4 3 -----------7 8 ---2 25 794 2,335 3,680 1,537 1,952 1,875 1,310 2,803 1,242 2,405 2,153 2,298 7,688 1,328 792 2,121 61,268 171 14 ---37 40 25 -1,774 5 98 5 4 2,537 978 4 447 -42 68 ---83 6,331 416,733 2,476 5,353 2,974 4,126 6,050 3,513 5,582 2,533 2,995 3,500 4,025 10,551 2,138 3,603 3,952 108,912 3,932 95 50 56 344 42 70 43 1,441 4,269 15 -8 7 3,750 4,361 18 957 31 343 119 623 -1,071 298 21,944 450,720 1,998 1,627 521 695 979 841 2,532 769 2,018 992 270 343 299 849 832 30,260 3,155 72 42 47 290 35 -24 1,216 1,036 18 ---768 2,928 -162 ---526 -903 -11,220 48,980 2,073 1,890 561 1,395 1,528 83 3,251 929 2,002 1,206 154 365 -555 988 24,991 3,494 89 45 51 314 --48 1,314 1,169 ----916 3,803 -187 ---569 -976 -12,975 38,258 ---------------1 --------------------------20,861 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 1999. Table may not add due to rounding. 43 Table 6.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Minnesota, 1999 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group Forest Survey Unit and county1 Aspen-Birch Carlton Cook Koochiching Lake St. Louis Total Northern Pine Aitkin Becker Beltrami Cass Clearwater Crow Wing Hubbard Itasca Lake of the Woods Mahnomen Roseau Wadena Total Central Hardwood Anoka Benton Chisago Dakota Douglas Goodhue Hennepin Houston Isanti Kanabec Mille Lacs Morrison Otter Tail Pine Sherburne Todd Wabasha Washington Winona Total Prairie Clay Kittson Marshall Norman Pennington Polk Red Lake Total State total 1 Table may not add due to rounding. 44 All species 61,629 49,107 396,714 81,804 582,021 1,171,276 114,905 73,665 178,335 206,662 59,501 93,031 131,541 428,605 79,603 19,248 45,247 18,525 1,448,867 570 864 707 29 386 104 868 13 1,352 23,944 29,082 17,772 24,295 127,314 937 7,880 411 147 135 236,812 116 20,153 14,878 11,400 9,576 26,571 11,676 94,370 2,951,325 Balsam fir 7,835 3,298 39,168 7,165 50,587 108,053 3,763 791 4,791 7,359 2,059 126 964 60,488 3,864 10 276 120 84,613 -------------1,170 13 ----1,182 -19 5 ----24 193,873 Jack pine 1,120 1,017 4,500 1,190 10,045 17,872 252 725 1,484 2,494 216 2,155 3,149 4,216 2,061 94 818 1,672 19,338 --128 ---126 -170 128 --49 2,310 -39 --17 2,967 -88 21 52 ---162 40,339 Red pine 2,709 85 254 1,319 4,196 8,563 1,160 805 2,383 5,837 177 3,679 4,789 5,065 394 -222 1,681 26,193 160 198 219 ---580 13 873 341 58 49 14 4,289 809 294 260 109 83 8,349 --------43,106 White pine 118 8 24 146 210 506 64 ------36 ---11 112 -8 15 ---26 -38 ---9 55 28 -69 30 -277 -----11 -11 905 S p r u c e Tamarack 1,477 7,088 40,692 12,967 40,005 102,229 1,823 101 881 2,558 79 45 349 30,813 7,835 25 742 74 45,325 ------14 --174 376 --438 88 -53 --1,142 -50 13 ----63 148,758 75 1,175 5,487 302 2,544 9,583 863 124 45 182 20 -22 653 583 13 327 -2,834 ----------------29 --29 -26 7 ----33 12,480 Ash ---392 392 784 Aspen 40,838 34,809 273,539 44,787 409,708 803,681 Balsam poplar 1,113 81 27,837 2,086 19,431 50,548 1,871 1,662 17,686 3,555 1,365 501 539 15,080 5,244 447 3,300 46 51,296 -1 -------6 13 85 97 196 -6 ---403 -593 834 6 26 378 105 1,942 104,189 Basswood 11 7 -623 81 722 142 -1,442 ---------1,584 ---16 -----904 1,394 428 -1,155 -----3,897 -----125 -125 6,328 White birch 5,421 1,517 5,212 9,445 39,375 60,970 4,875 2,368 7,660 15,853 2,812 6,730 8,566 24,452 227 457 221 235 74,455 ------92 -10 706 564 304 48 6,551 -219 ---8,494 --10 1 -135 -146 144,065 Hard maple 513 ---3,269 3,782 149 -268 ----76 ----493 -------------2,286 -----2,286 -----264 -264 6,824 Soft maple 400 23 -1,383 2,175 3,981 119 ------27 ----146 ------30 --711 1,089 338 -1,835 -----4,003 -----497 -497 8,626 Red oak ----2 2 -----------------------------------------2 -99,824 -67,089 96 141,599 -168,821 -52,772 -79,796 -113,162 -287,699 -59,393 -18,202 -39,340 -14,686 96 1,142,383 --------------------410 657 345 14 386 104 --262 20,975 25,587 16,568 24,078 107,030 -7,323 -8 35 203,783 -116 -19,376 -13,987 -11,341 -9,550 -25,162 -11,571 -91,103 880 2,240,949 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 1999. 45 Forest Survey Unit and county1 Northeastern Florence Forest Langlade Lincoln Marinette Menominee Oconto Oneida Shawano Vilas Total Northwestern Ashland Barron Bayfield Burnett Douglas Iron Polk Price Rusk Sawyer Taylor Washburn Total Central Adams Chippewa Clark Eau Claire Jackson Juneau Marathon Marquette Monroe Portage Waupaca Waushara Wood Total 46 Table 7.--Pulpwood production from roundwood by Forest Survey Unit, county, and species group, Wisconsin, 1999 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Species group Red White pine pine Spruce 1,401 2,904 2,839 3,261 11,685 6,674 5,326 9,261 5,085 8,978 57,413 5,120 2,020 9,474 3,637 16,368 1,180 1,885 964 943 2,652 644 5,299 50,187 21,492 1,610 3,589 3,683 12,316 10,565 6,324 11,326 12,267 11,670 7,033 18,250 5,427 125,552 80 114 739 1,181 854 1,169 587 2,386 166 3,192 10,468 1,030 368 2,231 67 520 85 95 220 271 439 115 245 5,684 3,859 473 767 535 3,687 1,638 664 1,225 9,959 1,766 650 2,727 1,138 29,088 1,431 2,710 2,816 3,215 534 1,390 1,392 5,983 376 1,100 20,946 3,178 350 2,724 114 3,644 4,081 314 2,005 325 2,473 1,029 827 21,065 32 476 73 93 379 6 2,541 28 17 495 148 22 904 5,214 All species 54,472 104,261 114,223 132,968 85,287 98,549 40,932 134,988 32,932 100,303 898,914 102,427 22,748 219,809 57,347 170,849 120,716 9,868 106,241 63,051 171,712 67,745 96,292 1,208,805 112,998 37,088 88,589 27,859 63,434 47,287 81,645 19,937 93,459 33,261 16,188 26,507 46,652 694,905 N. whitecedar 28 ----435 ----463 ---------------------------- Balsam fir 992 6,844 8,641 6,693 1,687 3,306 1,401 7,743 412 2,315 40,033 6,135 110 8,052 171 12,087 4,127 -7,860 539 7,336 2,786 1,131 50,335 -275 116 -38 -526 --236 -13 3 1,206 Hemlock 5,237 2,025 915 1,133 1,186 7,231 534 492 703 133 19,590 172 15 327 --716 -1,865 47 125 981 15 4,262 ---16 --1,213 --126 14 -59 1,428 Jack pine 658 871 2,150 2,564 11,789 8,299 1,930 6,373 434 13,887 48,954 8,520 142 16,890 16,436 32,695 543 3,301 2,329 128 1,679 72 25,603 108,337 33,069 1,484 3,598 4,603 13,689 20,315 894 761 43,166 5,823 326 1,912 5,771 135,413 Tamarack 55 515 707 937 506 234 189 938 26 177 4,284 282 -558 286 509 101 -3,272 890 1,069 1,431 -8,400 -192 -18 --26 -29 148 14 47 -473 Ash 835 3,339 4,567 5,886 1,001 2,997 585 5,076 843 3,341 28,469 2,358 466 4,571 597 734 4,187 246 3,726 2,138 5,716 2,648 758 28,145 620 1,083 1,932 579 830 201 3,586 15 584 615 526 132 554 11,257 Aspen 17,288 34,552 41,397 49,435 30,892 24,318 16,790 40,446 17,306 27,176 299,598 37,068 13,010 99,686 25,818 71,115 59,377 484 40,072 29,995 75,880 26,775 49,359 528,638 39,598 15,812 48,781 8,350 14,217 3,504 29,427 5,312 5,134 5,956 2,594 775 23,864 203,323 Balsam poplar 674 1,214 248 129 1,432 476 552 167 4 198 5,094 4 -32 1 37 57 -55 9 4 15 -215 -2 1 -1 -77 --5 1 -1 89 Southwestern Buffalo Crawford Dunn Grant Iowa La Crosse Lafayette Pepin Pierce Richland Sauk St Croix Trempealeau Vernon Total Southeastern Brown Calumet Columbia Dane Dodge Door Fond Du Lac Green Green Lake Jefferson Kenosha Kewaunee Manitowoc Outagamie Ozaukee Rock Sheboygan Walworth Washington Waukesha Winnebago Total State total 3,943 696 13,607 4,710 1,454 12,780 1,882 1,271 1,987 1,953 12,818 7,144 12,892 2,028 79,165 936 14 6,419 471 109 1,843 122 476 403 920 578 33 64 1,476 192 47 485 994 1,484 1,018 256 18,340 2,900,129 -------------------------------------463 --10 11 -17 ----46 ---84 28 ----6 ---------------34 91,693 --------------------118 ---------------118 25,398 36 45 716 30 -5,968 29 41 -5 1,144 1,183 293 9 9,499 12 14 1,278 13 -728 -22 --26 -15 --17 -36 -9 -2,169 304,372 363 476 4,557 3,620 1,065 3,714 1,284 368 369 435 7,144 2,591 5,392 703 32,081 765 -3,115 208 ---433 199 907 280 -16 140 36 30 223 788 336 573 41 8,091 273,325 123 110 788 992 390 673 569 34 61 215 1,870 285 2,494 810 9,414 10 -500 219 13 --21 14 ----19 98 -97 160 747 391 58 2,346 57,000 151 -177 --294 --63 46 822 267 258 80 2,157 12 -85 7 91 5 13 ---273 --25 40 -146 -297 11 45 1,049 50,432 --------19 -----19 ----------------------13,176 32 1 356 2 -46 -14 58 5 61 27 99 5 706 2,893 -3,151 20 -364 -599 685 460 463 2,361 2,982 333 14,311 ---------------- -88 9 ---29 277 -1 --1 --78 93 6 5 13 -----191 -------3 11 -2 16 -108 203 -2 ------20 -1 --8 28 -1 24 -13 --254 963 16 68,832 1,046,832 5,413 (Table 7 continued on next page) 47 (Table 7 continued) Species group Forest Survey Unit and county1 Northeastern Florence Forest Langlade Lincoln Marinette Menominee Oconto Oneida Shawano Vilas Total Northwestern Ashland Barron Bayfield Burnett Douglas Iron Polk Price Rusk Sawyer Taylor Washburn Total Central Adams Chippewa Clark Eau Claire Jackson Juneau Marathon Marquette Monroe Portage Waupaca Waushara Wood Total Basswood 1,418 3,622 3,403 7,320 1,862 449 911 7,684 251 4,385 31,304 1,331 337 3,587 431 618 2,986 152 3,960 2,121 3,859 1,873 541 21,796 238 1,269 1,051 301 330 59 1,064 9 144 407 100 42 216 5,230 Beech 987 748 39 39 730 421 316 12 4 44 3,341 54 1 843 -1 442 -28 16 47 83 -1,516 -2 12 5 5 -196 --1 8 -4 233 White birch 2,810 8,997 12,654 13,825 2,284 3,040 1,264 15,185 1,275 13,045 74,380 7,640 2,053 22,133 3,591 16,611 7,984 1,544 14,390 7,123 22,722 8,171 2,909 116,871 867 3,869 6,231 2,105 1,708 381 4,409 14 878 1,025 481 176 1,245 23,391 Yellow birch 1,252 2,005 1,719 2,411 1,096 1,981 530 2,033 325 1,374 14,725 902 166 2,367 220 233 2,053 85 1,368 663 1,999 1,091 180 11,328 229 422 611 206 217 28 1,484 6 124 236 176 50 127 3,917 Cottonwood 1 24 31 111 2 1 3 120 1 61 356 4 -22 --14 -55 944 4 201 -1,244 -738 118 -1 -8 --5 1 -1 872 Elm 178 2,829 2,186 2,065 203 3,083 236 1,155 210 889 13,033 2,225 135 896 185 219 3,345 82 1,552 1,613 3,101 3,165 149 16,668 54 685 903 290 278 27 6,245 -60 122 276 11 221 9,174 Hickory -3 58 324 6 23 2 235 5 152 809 5 15 129 8 7 96 1 129 28 19 16 8 461 43 26 6 9 13 -6 -18 26 4 5 -156 Hard maple 8,753 14,612 13,638 13,368 7,753 16,420 3,799 12,554 2,500 8,463 101,862 8,514 1,290 19,572 2,101 6,412 13,968 790 10,020 7,653 19,935 8,093 3,963 102,312 1,322 3,877 6,508 1,751 2,650 742 10,445 40 1,811 1,538 1,584 328 1,943 34,540 Soft maple 9,250 13,848 11,597 8,580 7,955 14,893 3,843 8,377 2,452 5,796 86,591 6,782 1,326 17,957 2,329 8,408 11,107 645 7,509 5,710 18,705 6,716 4,220 91,414 784 2,277 5,455 1,417 2,285 694 10,040 39 1,545 1,178 1,596 269 1,764 29,342 Red oak 380 1,672 3,308 9,180 1,128 1,050 436 7,619 460 4,857 30,090 9,912 835 6,301 1,196 540 3,524 210 4,224 1,634 3,329 1,571 955 34,230 9,672 2,221 7,869 3,487 9,691 8,212 2,171 1,047 15,943 1,635 467 1,398 3,055 66,867 White Other oak hardwoods 43 279 420 552 147 348 67 553 81 345 2,835 1,175 79 566 143 75 282 31 325 195 579 224 113 3,787 1,034 240 955 391 1,073 916 279 115 1,745 190 180 339 354 7,808 720 534 151 759 556 311 238 598 11 394 4,274 15 29 891 17 15 460 2 314 66 42 46 17 1,911 85 54 14 19 26 -22 -35 57 9 10 1 333 48 Southwestern Buffalo Crawford Dunn Grant Iowa La Crosse Lafayette Pepin Pierce Richland Sauk St Croix Trempealeau Vernon Total Southeastern Brown Calumet Columbia Dane Dodge Door Fond Du Lac Green Green Lake Jefferson Kenosha Kewaunee Manitowoc Outagamie Ozaukee Rock Sheboygan Walworth Washington Waukesha Winnebago Total State total 1 17 1 243 1 -23 -7 36 2 23 14 43 2 412 6 -18 1 -32 2 ------47 -------106 58,847 --1 -----------1 ----------------------5,091 80 3 866 6 -100 -120 199 13 94 185 199 15 1,879 2 -63 4 2 173 14 ----1 1 176 1 ---4 -7 451 216,971 13 -128 1 -19 -5 23 1 12 8 34 1 245 --12 --30 1 ----1 1 44 1 ---3 -5 99 30,314 -------------------------------------2,472 7 -101 1 -9 -4 25 1 5 7 14 1 176 --5 --17 1 ------25 -------48 39,098 1 -10 --2 ----1 -5 -20 --1 ----------2 -------3 1,450 83 3 985 5 -113 -38 188 14 196 93 240 16 1,973 2 -72 4 2 248 16 ----8 7 314 7 --4 23 3 41 751 241,438 57 3 737 4 -74 -28 153 11 174 91 163 14 1,509 2 -49 3 1 234 13 ----9 7 292 7 --4 26 4 46 698 209,554 77 48 693 14 -1,228 -13 94 670 688 27 608 34 4,193 --823 9 -65 39 --11 ---66 ----10 --1,023 136,403 7 5 68 2 -133 -1 14 75 74 4 58 4 446 --89 1 -9 4 --1 ---11 ----1 --116 14,993 2 -21 --4 ----2 -10 -40 --2 ----------4 -------6 6,564 Includes only those counties that supplied pulpwood in 1999. Table may not add due to rounding. 49 50 Table 8.--Number of industrial pulp or particleboard plants in the Lake States by product form, species group used, and State, 1999 Product form and species group Roundwood Softwoods Northern white-cedar Balsam fir Hemlock Jack pine Red pine White pine Spruce Tamarack Total plants using softwoods 1 Hardwoods Ash Aspen Balsam poplar Basswood Beech White birch Yellow birch Cottonwood Elm Hickory Hard maple Soft maple Red oak White oak Other hardwoods Total plants using hardwoods 1 Total plants using roundwood Residues Softwood Hardwood Total plants using residues 1 Total plants 1 1 Total Lake States Michigan State Minnesota Wisconsin 2 17 6 14 14 9 16 5 23 15 37 14 16 8 25 9 3 6 3 18 18 13 8 4 43 45 11 19 21 47 2 4 1 3 4 2 3 1 5 7 10 6 9 7 9 5 1 2 2 9 10 7 4 3 11 12 2 6 6 12 -5 -6 5 2 6 1 9 1 13 7 2 -8 ----1 1 ---13 14 3 4 5 14 -8 5 5 5 5 7 3 9 7 14 1 5 1 8 4 2 4 1 8 7 6 4 1 19 19 6 9 10 21 1 Some plants use more than one species, so numbers in columns are not additive. Table 9.--Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and type of pulp produced, 1999 (In tons per 24 hours) Average daily production 250 1,200 8 1,838 660 500 304 520 5,280 500 986 242 850 240 100 510 325 3,753 79 170 390 75 230 232 230 392 1,378 409 50 250 251 1,200 265 285 152 6,038 15,071 Type of pulp produced Groundwood/ SemiKraft mechanical chemical -1,200 -1,838 --304 -3,342 -986 ----510 -1,496 --390 ----392 -----1,200 -285 -2,267 7,105 250 -------250 500 ----100 -325 925 ---75 -232 230 --409 50 250 251 ----1,497 2,672 ----660 500 -520 1,680 -----------------1,378 --------1,378 3,058 State and company Michigan ABT Co. Champion International Johnson Controls Mead Corp.. Paper Division Menasha Corp. Packaging Corp. Of America SAPPI / SD Warren Smurfit Stone Container Total Minnesota Blandin Paper-Forestry Boise Cascade Certainteed Corp. Champion International Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. International Bildrite, Inc. Potlatch Corp. Stora Enso North America Total Wisconsin Appleton Coated Fraser Papers Inc Georgia-Pacific Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Georgia-Pacific Corp. Globe Building Materials International Paper Co. Packaging Corp. Of America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Stora Enso North America Wausau-Mosinee Paper Corp. Wausau-Mosinee Paper Corp. Weyerhaeuser Total Lake States total Location Alpena Quinnesec Battle Creek Escanaba Otsego Manistee Muskegon Ontonagon 8 mills Grand Rapids International Falls Shakopee Sartell Duluth International Falls Cloquet Proctor 8 mills Combined Locks Park Falls Nekoosa Phillips Port Edwards Superior Cornell Kaukauna Tomahawk Biron Kimberly Niagara Stevens Point Wisconsin Rapids Brokaw Mosinee Rothschild 17 mills 33 mills Sulfite -------------------170 --230 ---------265 -152 817 817 ThermoThermo chemical mechanical ------------------79 ----------------79 79 --8 -----8 --242 850 240 ---1,332 ------------------1,340 51 52 Table 10.--Annual production of active particleboard and panel mills in the Lake States by State, company, location, and product produced, 1999 (In million square feet 3/4-inch basis) State and company Michigan Georgia-Pacific Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Weyerhaeuser Total Minnesota Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Northwood Panelboard Corp. Potlatch Corp. Potlatch Corp. Potlatch Corp. Trus Joist Total Wisconsin Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Louisiana-Pacific Corp. Rodman Industries Weyerhaeuser Co. Total Lake States total Product produced Particleboard Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Annual production 256 65 180 228 729 60 200 260 125 180 n/a 825 250 55 13 79 397 1,951 Location Gaylord Newberry Sagola Grayling 4 mills Two Harbors Solway Bemidji Cook Grand Rapids Deerwood 6 mills Hayward Tomahawk Marinette Marshfield 4 mills 14 mills Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Laminated structural lumber Oriented strand board Oriented strand board Particleboard Particleboard 53 54 Table 11.--Production and imports of pulpwood, Central States, 1999 (In standard cords, unpeeled) Product form, species group, and destination Roundwood Softwoods Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Soft hardwoods2 Central States Northeastern States Southern States Total Hard hardwoods3 Central States Northeastern States Southern States Total Total all roundwood Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Residues Softwoods Central States Southern States Total Hardwoods Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Production by State 1 Illinois Indiana Iowa Missouri Regional total Imports Lake Other States U.S. Total imports Total receipts 165 -3,755 3,919 5,948 -9,874 15,822 3,690 -31,516 35,206 9,638 165 -45,144 54,947 -3,953 -3,953 8,872 117 4,599 13,588 18,140 53 13,734 31,927 27,011 -4,124 18,333 49,468 1,278 --1,278 4,610 --4,610 2,018 --2,018 6,627 1,278 --7,905 --1,132 1,132 8,249 -3,963 12,213 325 -72,521 72,846 8,574 --77,617 86,191 1,443 3,953 4,887 10,283 27,678 117 18,436 46,232 24,172 53 117,771 141,997 51,850 1,443 4,124 141,094 198,511 ------------------ ------------------ ------------------ ----27,678 --27,678 24,172 --24,172 51,850 ---51,850 -20 20 12,072 --12,354 24,425 -61 61 46,291 14,064 1,503 64,189 126,047 15,120 -15,120 7,359 3,465 --10,824 -4,572 4,572 3,049 --83,452 86,501 15,120 4,653 19,773 68,771 17,529 1,503 159,995 247,798 ---1,492 ---1,492 6,480 -6,480 178 ---178 6,480 -6,480 1,669 ---1,669 21,600 -21,600 70,441 ---70,441 Total all residues Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total Total all wood material Central States Lake States Northeastern States Southern States Total 1 12,072 --12,374 24,445 21,709 165 -57,518 79,392 46,291 14,064 1,503 64,250 126,108 73,302 14,064 5,626 82,584 175,576 22,479 3,465 --25,944 29,107 4,743 --33,850 3,049 --88,023 91,073 11,624 --165,640 177,264 83,891 17,529 1,503 164,648 267,570 135,742 18,972 5,626 305,742 466,082 1,492 ---1,492 1,492 ---1,492 6,658 ---6,658 6,658 ---6,658 8,149 ---8,149 8,149 ---8,149 92,041 ---92,041 143,891 ---143,891 Vertical columns of figures under the box heading "Production by State" present the amount of roundwood cut or residue generated in each State. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 of less. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. 2 3 Table may not add due to rounding. 55 56 Table 12.--Central States pulpwood production by product form and species group, 1995-1999 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) Product form and species group Roundwood Softwoods Soft hardwoods1 Hard hardwoods2 Total Residues Softwood Hardwood Total Total all wood material 1 2 1995 9,742 32,480 89,316 131,538 38,037 358,105 396,143 527,682 1996 16,993 89,638 60,817 167,446 2,159 223,390 225,550 392,999 1997 10,269 86,312 66,818 163,396 19,259 229,796 249,056 412,452 1998 18,680 34,475 126,197 179,351 38,176 254,747 292,923 472,275 1999 10,283 46,233 141,997 198,511 19,773 247,798 267,570 466,082 Hardwood species with an average specific gravity of 0.50 of less. Hardwood species with an average specific gravity greater than 0.50. Table may not add due to rounding. Table 13.--Central States pulpwood production by State and destination, 1995-19991 (In thousand standard cords, unpeeled) Illinois Destination Central Other States States 33 48 53 41 21 49 20 59 22 58 Indiana Destination Central Other States States 212 98 44 105 70 105 68 115 73 102 Iowa Destination Central Other States States 22 2 22 1 31 4 29 5 29 5 Missouri Central States 12 11 11 13 12 Other States 101 115 122 163 166 Year 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1 Total 81 95 70 79 79 Total 310 149 175 183 176 Total 23 23 35 34 34 Total 113 126 133 176 177 Includes mill residues used for pulp. Table may not add due to rounding. 57 58 Table 14.--Average daily production of active wood pulp mills in the Central States by company, location, and type of pulp produced, 1999 (In tons per 24 hours) Average daily production 573 118 80 120 891 Type of pulp Groundwood/ Semimechanical chemical -573 -118 80 -120 -200 691 Company International Paper Four M Paper Corp. Jeld-Wen Fiber Of Iowa Huebert Fiberboard Co. Central States total Location Terre Haute, IN Fort Madison, IA Dubuque, IA Boonville, MO 4 mills Piva, Ronald J. 2003. Pulpwood production in the North-Central Region, 1999. Resour. Bull. NC-214. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, North Central Research Station. 58 p. Discusses 1999 production and receipts in the Lake, Central, and Plains States. Shows Michigan, Minnesota, and Wisconsin production by species for each county and compares production by Forest Survey Unit with that of previous years. Presents production data for Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, and Missouri by species group and product form. Includes 1999 production for the Plains States by species group and product form. KEY WORDS: Roundwood, whole-tree chips, residue, pulpwood, particleboard, Michigan, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Missouri, Plains States. Printed on recyclable paper. Mission Statement We believe the good life has its roots in clean air, sparkling water, rich soil, healthy economies and a diverse living landscape. Maintaining the good life for generations to come begins with everyday choices about natural resources. The North Central Research Station provides the knowledge and the tools to help people make informed choices. That’s how the science we do enhances the quality of people’s lives. For further information contact: North Central Research Station USDA Forest Service 1992 Folwell Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108 Or visit our web site: www.ncrs.fs.fed.us The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, and marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) 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